CN102615597B - Polishing method for rotating abrasive stream of entire impeller part - Google Patents
Polishing method for rotating abrasive stream of entire impeller part Download PDFInfo
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- CN102615597B CN102615597B CN 201210103751 CN201210103751A CN102615597B CN 102615597 B CN102615597 B CN 102615597B CN 201210103751 CN201210103751 CN 201210103751 CN 201210103751 A CN201210103751 A CN 201210103751A CN 102615597 B CN102615597 B CN 102615597B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a polishing method for rotating an abrasive stream of an entire impeller part. The polishing method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: firstly, protecting non-polished faces, such as upper and lower end faces of an impeller and outer edges of blades, by virtue of a special shape clamp cover, and integrally fixing with a workpiece; secondly, properly buffering and adjusting before the workpiece is polished by abrasive through an abrasive stream drainage device, so that a pressure field in a sealing cavity is uniformly distributed; thirdly, driving an equipment spindle and the workpiece to rotate by using a power system consisting of a motor and a speed reducer; and finally, converting to a high-pressure water cleaning system to wash the workpiece and an equipment pipeline after polishing. According to the polishing method provided by the invention, the problems in a polishing process of the entire impeller part of easiness of interference, excessive polished blades, chamfering, dead angle and uniform polishing can be solved; the abrasive circularly flows in double directions so as to be easy to recycle; the machining efficiency is improved; and clean-in and clean-out in a machining process can be realized through the water washing system after the polishing process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of polishing process method, especially advance the clean automatic polishing process method that goes out for the rotation abrasive flows of the slewing parts such as integral wheel or leaf dish is clean.The present invention relates to the rotation abrasive flows finishing method of the slewing parts such as a kind of integral wheel or leaf dish; mainly comprise: the feed/liquid-supplying system that can realize regularly two-way supply and control abrasive flows and cleaning fluid; can positive and negative rotation and adjustable axis system and the device body of rotating speed; and clamp impeller and form seal chamber and protect non-polishing limit and the fixture cover on edge, up and down, and the flow-guiding structure of guiding abrasive material etc.
Background technology
The slewing parts such as the integral wheel in engineering goods such as aero-engine, compressor and leaf dish need to be realized by polishing the low roughness smooth surface processing request on its blade (leaf grating) surface after Milling Process or Electrolyzed Processing.The corporate boss will adopt manual glossing at present, and part of polishing needs the long period, and polishing texture confusion is random, and labour intensity is large, environmental pollution is serious.The Major Difficulties of this type of part processing is: the processed position of (1) part mostly is complex-curved structure; (2) machined material mostly is the difficult-to-machine materials such as high temperature alloy, titanium alloy, stainless steel; (3) machined surface roughness is had relatively high expectations, and the surface roughness after polishing should reach below Ra0.8.
adopt abrasive flows technique to being a kind of good process such as special-shaped inner chamber class piece surface polishings such as pipelines, but the abrasive flows technique of present, to complex parts such as integral wheel, the slewing parts such as leaf dish, the unidirectional abrasive flow processing method that singly goes out is singly advanced in main employing, and for simple part, as pipeline, bearing ring, the polishing on the smooth inner wall such as cylinder body surface, can realize polishing repeatedly, this is mainly because part is simple, the control of fluid is convenient, and fluid can flow through each inner wall surface uniformly, and for the part with complex surface, difficulty to control due to the fluid abrasive material, and the inhomogeneities that abrasive flows enters each blade (leaf grating) runner causes the inhomogeneous of polishing area pressure field, and then cause the inhomogeneous or local phenomenon such as throwing of crossing of crudy, and the unidirectional abrasive flow processing method that goes out for Dan Jindan, abrasive material is not easy to reclaim, working (machining) efficiency is low, and after throwing, piece surface need to increase cleaning process.
Summary of the invention
for realizing the automation polishing of the slewing parts such as impeller and leaf dish, reach surface finish even, the texture rule, roughness is less than the designing requirement below Ra0.8, and significantly improve production efficiency, alleviate labor strength and improve operating environment, the invention provides a kind of rotation abrasive flows technological method for processing and device, innovation and the characteristics of this process are: by the non-polishing limit of special fixture cover to impeller blade, rib, end faces etc. are located to protect, and and the impeller grid between form seal chamber, and be connected with the bidirectional circulating feeding system by the up and down guiding device, abrasive flows is flowed in the polish parts surfaces carrying out timing alternation bidirectional circulating, part is done regularly the uniformity that the alternation reverse circulation rotatablely moves to improve each blade quality of finish, prevent that the limit of thin wall vane and rib etc. from locating to occur to throw, rounding, the quality problems such as polishing dead angle, and carry out on-line cleaning to throwing rear part, reaching clean advances the clean processing effect that goes out and prevents pipeline blockage.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of integral wheel class part rotation abrasive flows burnishing device; comprise the feeding system (I) that can realize regularly two-way supply and control abrasive flows and cleaning fluid; can positive and negative rotation and adjustable axis system and the device body (II) of rotating speed; clamp impeller and form seal chamber and protect non-polishing limit and the fixture cover (III) on edge, up and down; and the flow-guiding structure (IV) of guiding abrasive material, and realize the clean clean purging system (VI) that goes out that advances:
The feeding system (I) that realizes regularly two-way supply and control abrasive flows and cleaning fluid comprising: the charging aperture place will pass through upper drainage system 9 by fixture cover main body 7 and the integral wheel 8 formed closed cavities of leaf coral, pipeline 5 grades directly are connected with pump 2, the discharging opening place will pass through lower drainage system 20 by the formed closed cavity of leaf coral of fixture cover main body 7 and integral wheel 8, pipeline 28 grades are connected with hopper 1, and installation control valve 4,29 controls enter the interior speed of annular seal space and back pressure and cut off the cleaning fluid circulation lines by control valve 26,27.
Can positive and negative rotation and the adjustable axis system of rotating speed comprising with device body (II): drives decelerators 16 by motor 15 and be connected main shaft 13 by decelerator Connection Block 17, and machine tool chief axis 13 is fixed on workbench main body 14.
Clamp impeller and form seal chamber and protect non-polishing limit and the fixture cover (III) on edge, up and down comprises: the fixture cover main body 7 that integral wheel curve pattern is similar covers on the Integral impeller blade place; and by upper lower clamp cover cap 10; 11 are fixed as one with integral wheel 8; integral wheel 8 and fixture cover main body 7 and upper lower clamp cover cap 10,11 are fixed on machine tool chief axis 13.
The flow-guiding structure (IV) of guiding abrasive material comprises: upper fixture cover cap 10 is connected as a single entity with upper drainage system 9, and forms sliding friction between upper drainage system 9 and fixing box cover 18 and seal.Lower clamp cover cap 11 is fixed on main shaft 8, and this lower clamp cover cap 11 and be arranged on and form the sliding friction sealing between lower drainage system 20 on the workbench axle bed.And form seal chamber by the grid of fixture cover main body 7 and integral wheel this moment.
Realize cleanly advancing the clean purging system (VI) that goes out and comprising: in the abrasive material import, three-way device 6 is installed, high-pressure hydraulic pump 24 is attached thereto by connecting line 25, with the exit, three-way device 23 is installed, the cleaning fluid in water tank 22 is attached thereto by connecting line 31.And at this pipeline entrance and exit, control valve 26,27 is installed respectively, also cut off the abrasive flows circulation lines by control valve 4,29 with the flow of controlling the cleaning fluid that circulates in high-pressure hydraulic pump.
The slewing parts such as integral wheel of the present invention and leaf dish rotation abrasive flows polishing processing method mainly comprises following flow process:
Concrete steps are as follows:
(1) workpiece protection: non-polishing seamed edge and non-polishing upper and lower end face are protected with integral wheel class workpiece profiling jig cover; make gapless between the inwall of profiling jig cover and integral wheel class, guarantee that non-polishing seamed edge does not contact with abrasive material in polishing process with non-polishing upper and lower end face.
(2) clamping workpiece: during clamping workpiece, workpiece is fixed on main shaft, in order to workpiece and main shaft are together rotated.
(3) abrasive flows drainage: profiling jig cover and workpiece are fixed as one, make to form the sealing runner between profiling jig cover and workpiece leaf coral, make abrasive material pass through the sealing runner wheelabrator of grating and the surface of blade.Before abrasive flows entered the closed flow of leaf grating, the drainage system that is provided with tubular was evenly shunted abrasive material, made the abrasive flows that enters the leaf grating enclosed cavity even, and pressure field distribution is even, prevented stressed concentrate, and the polishing dead angle occurred.
(4) rotation grinding and polishing: add man-hour, main shaft etc. is connected on motor and decelerator, when abrasive flows enters seal chamber, workpiece is rotated and the feeding system of abrasive material directly is connected with the seal chamber of polishing by drainage system, so that make interior each burnishing surface polishing of leaf coral annular seal space even during polishing.Abrasive flows is under the driving of pump, flow by parameters such as the pressure of setting, flow, reverse circulation feed flow times by control valve piece surface is carried out polishing, simultaneously, part rotates according to parameters such as the rotating speed of setting, circulation rotating times, until reach the polishing time of setting.
(5) clean: after polishing finishes, by three-way device, cut off abrasive flows feed return-flow system, open cleaning solution supplying and control system annular seal space and guiding device are cleaned, in order to make abrasive material without obstruction, and cleanly advance cleanly to go out.During cleaning, start the water tank pump, part and pipeline are cleaned by parameters such as the flow of setting, reverse circulation feed flow times by control valve, part rotates according to parameters such as the rotating speed of setting, circulation rotating times simultaneously, until reach the scavenging period of setting.
As preferred a kind of scheme, the drainage system runner of step (3) distance is 2 times of Workpiece length.
As preferred another kind of scheme, in step (4), can require according to part to be processed material, structure and polishing differently, the abrasive flow pattern of workpiece is taked abrasive flows one-way flow or abrasive flows, and regularly bidirectional circulating is mobile; The rotation mode of workpiece is that workpiece does not turn, workpiece unidirectional rotary or regularly reverse circulation revolution of workpiece; The operating pressure of abrasive flows is not more than 0.7MPa, range of flow: 5-10L/S, intercycle time and is not more than 180min; The speed of gyration of part is not more than 100rpm, and the intercycle time is not more than 30min.
As preferred another scheme, in step (4), thereby can adjust the polish pressure that in seal chamber, the suction pump of back pressure control abrasive material produces by the aperture of control valve, and adjust abrasive flow speed by the aperture of control valve.If FP is the grinding force of abrasive material, grinding force Fp and abrasive flow speed V can be determined by face formula (1) and formula (2) respectively:
F
p＝k
1·(p
1-p
2)·A
1 (1)
Wherein: P
1Be abrasive material inlet pressure, P
2Be the abrasive material outlet pressure, A is the contact surface area of abrasive particle, k
1Be particle shape factor, the flow that Q provides for pump, A
2Be the surface area in any cross section in impeller and the formed seal chamber of clamp body, k
2Be cross section error design factor.
As preferred another kind of scheme again, in step (5), the cleaning flow pattern of workpiece can take current one-way flow or current regularly bidirectional circulating flow; The cleaning rotation mode of workpiece is that workpiece does not turn, workpiece unidirectional rotary or regularly reverse circulation revolution of workpiece; The operating pressure of current is not more than 10MPa, range of flow and is not more than the 4L/S intercycle time and is not more than 30min; The workpiece speed of gyration is not more than 100rpm, and the intercycle time is not more than 15min.
the know-why of patent of the present invention is: for the conventional abrasives stream blade up and down featheredge to integral wheel class part, seamed edge, and the non-polishing such as impeller upper and lower end face is in crossing of occurring in polishing process and throws, rounding, the problems such as dead angle, utilize special-purpose fixture cover with non-polishing limit, rib, end faces etc. are located to protect, and be connected with the bidirectional circulating feeding system by the part flow arrangement of certain-length, control abrasive flows pressure by pump valve, when flow carries out polishing, main shaft drives integral wheel and the fixture cover carries out the rotating rotation, to realize the rotation polishing, switch purging system by three-way device at last, that realizes equipment and workpiece cleanly advances cleanly to go out.
Effect due to rotational flow field, make abrasive flows after the annular seal space that enters between fixture cover and impeller leaf coral, all directions Uniform Flow is again due to the effect of certain distance part flow arrangement, make abrasive material before the seal chamber that enters between the leaf coral, have certain buffering and corrective action.Because of above reason, make the abrasive material flow field that enters into leaf coral annular seal space, polishing is evenly and without the surge at place in the middle of polishing dead angle and impeller.
Utilize non-polishings place such as each seamed edge of special fixture cover body and integral wheel and upper and lower end face to realize that with the special fixture cover gapless coordinates, protect non-polished surface.
Traditional abrasive flows adopts the polishing of hydraulic cylinder squash type, and the restriction that polishing velocity is subject to the hydraulic cylinder reciprocating speed should not improve, and adopts the pump feed liquid way, can significantly improve polishing velocity.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) can effectively solve the surface finish processing problems of integral wheel class part.
(2) solve the manual polishing problem that present part integral wheel class part can't the automation polishing, working (machining) efficiency is high, and surface roughness can reach Ra below 0.8.
(3) solved the cross problems such as throwing, chamfering, dead angle of conventional abrasives stream when throwing polishing body impeller class part, made polishing even.
(4) solved the cleaning problem of abrasive flows equipment and workpiece, made equipment cleaning, processing environment environmental protection, the workpiece polishing is clean advances cleanly to go out.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is bidirectional circulating rotation abrasive flows polishing processing method workflow diagram.
Fig. 2 is rotation abrasive flows fixture cover and integral wheel seal chamber and drainage system structural representation.
The specific embodiment
The below is take whole radial-flow type titanium alloy impeller as example, and with reference to accompanying drawing 1, accompanying drawing 2 is set forth rotation abrasive flows burnishing device and method implementation process:
Whole radial-flow type titanium alloy impeller abrasive flows device comprises following structure:
At first, cover on the Integral impeller blade place by the profiling jig cover main body 7 similar to integral wheel curve pattern that processes, and be fixed as one with integral wheel 8 by upper lower clamp lid 10,11.
Secondly, integral wheel 8 and fixture cover main body 7, and up and down furniture cover cap 10,11 is fixed on machine tool chief axis 13 by round nut 12, and machine tool chief axis 13 is fixed on workbench axle bed 14, and drives decelerator 16 by decelerator Connection Block 17 connection main shafts 8 by motor 15.
Again, upper fixture cover body 10 is connected as a single entity with upper part flow arrangement 9, and form sliding friction between upper part flow arrangement 9 and fixing box cover 18, this sliding friction relies on the gap between outside framework oil seal 19 and upper fixture cover body 10 and upper cover 18 to carry out sliding friction and seals.Lower clamp cover body 11 is fixed on main shaft 8, and this lower clamp cover body 11 and be arranged on and form the Qu Lu labyrinth between lower part flow arrangement 20 on the workbench axle bed and carry out the sliding friction sealing by mounting framework oil sealing 21,32.This moment, the grid by fixture cover body 7 and whole radial-flow type titanium alloy impeller formed seal chamber.
And drainage system 9 on the charging aperture place passes through the closed cavity of fixture cover main body 7 and whole radial-flow type titanium alloy impeller grid, pipeline 5 grades directly are connected with pump 2, the discharging opening place passes through lower drainage system 20 with the closed cavity of fixture cover main body and whole radial-flow type titanium alloy impeller grid, pipeline 28 grades are connected with hopper 1, and installation control valve 4,29 controls enter the interior speed of annular seal space and back pressure and cut off the cleaning fluid circulation lines by control valve 26,27.
In addition, in the abrasive material inlet and outlet, three-way device 6,23 is installed respectively, import department's high-pressure hydraulic pump 24 is attached thereto by connecting line 25, the exit is connected with water tank 22 by connecting line 31.And at this pipeline entrance and exit, control valve 26,27 is installed respectively, also cut off the abrasive flows circulation lines by control valve 4,29 with the flow of controlling the cleaning fluid that circulates in high-pressure hydraulic pump.
Whole radial-flow type titanium alloy impeller abrasive flow machining method and the course of work comprise:
Abrasive material is extracted out from abrasive material case 1 by abrasive pump 2, abrasive material enters into by fixture cover 7 and workpiece 8 by feeding pipe 6, and up and down drainage system 9, in 20 annular seal spaces that form, in impeller surface, rotary main shaft 8 can carry out speed regulating control by decelerator 16 and variable-frequency motor 15, so that abrasive material is in flow process in abrasive flows, flow comprehensively, grinding is even.Abrasive flows after the extruding grinding flows back in abrasive material case 1 by return line 28 through annular seal space again, going out the head piece place, can control return flow by flow control valve 29, and can make by the aperture size of regulating valve port in rotation abrasive flows lathe seal chamber and produce back pressure, to increase the pressure of abrasive material extruding impeller surface in rotation abrasive flows sealing device, and by advancing Pressure gauge 3, the 30 observing system internal pressures at refluxing opening place, finally adjust the glossing parameter of abrasive material.If change in addition the import and export pipeline of rotation abrasive flows mechanical device and the closure of abrasive pump, perhaps change the alternation feed direction of abrasive pump, can realize the two-way flow of abrasive material, the abrasive material that has solved traditional unidirectional open type abrasive flows method can't reclaim problem, abrasive material is recycled, and polish parts are surperficial.
In addition after process finishing, close connect abrasive material in triple valve 6,23 advance the feed back passage, the triple valve valve port that opening high pressure water pump 24 connects is completed the matting of abrasive material after processing.
Claims (5)
1. an integral wheel class part rotates the abrasive flows finishing method, it is characterized in that:
(1) workpiece protection: non-polishing seamed edge and non-polishing upper and lower end face are protected with integral wheel class workpiece profiling jig cover, make gapless between the inwall of profiling jig cover and integral wheel class, guarantee that non-polishing seamed edge does not contact with abrasive material in polishing process with non-polishing upper and lower end face;
(2) clamping workpiece: during clamping workpiece, workpiece is fixed on main shaft, in order to workpiece and main shaft are together rotated;
(3) abrasive flows drainage: profiling jig cover and workpiece are fixed as one, make to form the sealing runner between profiling jig cover and workpiece leaf coral, make abrasive material pass through the sealing runner wheelabrator of grating and the surface of blade; Before abrasive flows entered the closed flow of leaf grating, the drainage system that is provided with tubular was evenly shunted abrasive material, made the abrasive flows that enters the leaf grating enclosed cavity even, and pressure field distribution is even, prevented stressed concentrate, and the polishing dead angle occurred;
(4) rotation grinding and polishing: add man-hour, main shaft is connected on motor and decelerator, when abrasive flows enters seal chamber, workpiece is rotated and the feeding system of abrasive material directly is connected with the seal chamber of polishing by drainage system, so that make interior each burnishing surface polishing of leaf coral annular seal space even during polishing; Abrasive flows is carried out polishing by pressure, flow, the reverse circulation feed flow time set to surface of the work by control valve under the driving of pump, simultaneously, workpiece rotated according to the rotating speed of setting, circulation rotating time, until reach the polishing time of setting;
(5) clean; After polishing finishes, by three-way device, cut off abrasive flows feed return-flow system, open cleaning solution supplying and control system annular seal space and guiding device are cleaned, in order to make abrasive material without obstruction, and cleanly advance cleanly to go out; During cleaning, start the water tank pump, part and pipeline are cleaned by flow, the reverse circulation feed flow time set by control valve, part rotates according to the rotating speed of setting, circulation rotating time simultaneously, until reach the scavenging period of setting.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the feeding system of abrasive material passed through drainage system directly be connected with the seal chamber of polishing; In order to realize two-way feed and the circulation grinding and polishing of abrasive material, the convenient abrasive material that reclaims reduces system pressure in annular seal space, realizes the rotation grinding and polishing.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the abrasive flow pattern of workpiece is taked abrasive flows one-way flow or abrasive flows, and regularly bidirectional circulating is mobile; The abrasive material rotation mode of workpiece is that workpiece does not turn, workpiece unidirectional rotary or regularly reverse circulation revolution of workpiece; The operating pressure of abrasive flows is not more than 0.7MPa, range of flow: 5-10L/S, intercycle time and is not more than 180min; The speed of gyration of part is not more than 100rpm, and the intercycle time is not more than 30min.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the aperture of the control valve valve port by adjusting the refluxing opening place is adjusted abrasive flow speed; If F
pThe grinding force of abrasive material, grinding force F
pCan be determined by face formula (1) and formula (2) respectively with abrasive flow speed V:
F
p=k
1·(p
1-p
2)·A
1 （1）
Wherein: P
1Be abrasive material inlet pressure, P
2Be abrasive material outlet pressure, A
1Be the contact surface area of abrasive particle, k
1Be particle shape factor, the flow that Q provides for pump, A
2Be the surface area in any cross section in impeller and the formed seal chamber of clamp body, k
2Be cross section error design factor.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the cleaning flow pattern of workpiece is taked current one-way flow or current, and regularly bidirectional circulating is mobile; The cleaning rotation mode of workpiece is that workpiece does not turn, workpiece unidirectional rotary or regularly reverse circulation revolution of workpiece; The operating pressure of current is not more than 10MPa, range of flow and is not more than the 4L/S intercycle time and is not more than 30min; The part speed of gyration is not more than 100rpm, and the intercycle time is not more than 15min.
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