CN113731444B - 一种用于降解有机废水的Sb-SnO2/SnS2纳米催化剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种用于降解有机废水的Sb-SnO2/SnS2纳米催化剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于降解有机废水的Sb‑SnO2/SnS2纳米催化剂及其制备方法和应用。以硫脲和四氯化锡为原料,通过水热法合成得到二维片层的SnS2纳米催化剂,之后真空烘干得到黄色粉末状。再将得到的SnS2纳米催化剂分散在含有四氯化锡和三氯化锑的水溶液中,再次通过水热工艺得到复合型的Sb‑SnO2/SnS2异质结纳米颗粒。该催化剂具有球状的纳米花结构,能够实现光催化剂对紫外光、可见光到近红外光的有效吸收,增强了光催化剂利用太阳光降解有机废水的能力。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于利用太阳光降解有机污染物的光催化剂技术领域,尤其涉及一种用于降解有机废水的Sb-SnO2/SnS2纳米催化剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
当前工业废水的治理工艺还是采用传统的生化细菌降解废水中的有机物、氨氮和总氮。然而,随着现代工业的高速发展,工业废水的成分越来越复杂,废水的生物毒性也越来越高;尤其是化工和医药制造类的废水,具有高COD,高氨氮,高盐分等特点。生化细菌难以在这种高浓废水中生存,无法降解高浓废水。其他添加的氧化剂,如双氧水,次氯酸钠等高级氧化工艺会在治理过程中带来二次污染。光催化剂能够利用太阳能产生具有强氧化的物质,羟基自由基等。例如基于TiO2的光催化剂能够分解有机物。但是,这些光催化剂都只能利用太阳光中的短波段的紫外光,对太阳光的利用率很低,造成分解有机物效率低。针对这一缺陷,通过对TiO2掺杂来提高TiO2对可见光的吸收,如专利(CN 112774671 A)报道钌掺杂TiO2对可见光吸收得到了增强。但是,钌掺杂TiO2对在对400nm 以上的光吸收还是相对较弱,没有实现全光谱吸收,不能满足当前光催化治理工业废水的应用。因此,开发一种能够利用太阳光的催化剂在光催化降解有机废水上显得相当重要。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是针对现有技术的不足,提供一种Sb-SnO2/SnS2异质结纳米催化剂的制备方法。这种光催化剂能够对太阳光谱中的紫外光、可见光到近红外光都能够吸收,极大提高了光催化剂利用太阳光催化降解废水中有机物的能力,克服了光催化剂对太阳光利用的不足,实现即使在弱光下也有良好的光电催化效应。
本发明通过如下技术方案实现:
本发明一种Sb-SnO2/SnS2异质结纳米催化剂的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、以硫脲和四氯化锡为原料,加入去离子水,溶解搅拌后得到硫脲和四氯化锡的水溶液;
S2、利用硫脲和四氯化锡的水溶液通过水热法合成得到二维片层的SnS2纳米催化剂;
S3、对上述二维片层的SnS2纳米催化剂真空烘干,得到SnS2纳米催化剂黄色粉末状;
S4、将SnS2纳米催化剂黄色粉末状分散在含有四氯化锡和三氯化锑的水溶液中,调节pH至5~6,通过水热工艺得到复合型的Sb-SnO2/SnS2异质结纳米颗粒;其中四氯化锡和三氯化锑的质量比为97:10~3,这保证了产品Sb-SnO2/SnS2异质结纳米颗粒呈黑色;SnS2纳米催化剂颗粒与四氯化锡和三氯化锑的水溶液的质量比为0.8~2:100,这确保了Sb-SnO2/SnS2异质结纳米催化剂呈球状的纳米花状的纳米颗粒;
进一步地,步骤S1中硫脲和四氯化锡的质量比为1:2~3;
进一步地,步骤S1中反应温度为20~30℃,搅拌时间为1-3小时;
进一步地,步骤S1中硫脲和四氯化锡的水溶液pH值为5~6;
进一步地,步骤S2中二维片层的SnS2纳米催化剂水热合成温度为160~180℃;
进一步地,步骤S2中二维片层的SnS2纳米催化剂水热合成时间为16~18小时;
进一步地,步骤S3中二维片层的SnS2纳米催化剂真空烘干温度为60~70℃;
进一步地,步骤S4中采用盐酸调节pH至5~6,这确保了三氯化锑完全溶于水中,溶液清澈均匀;
进一步地,步骤S4中复合型的Sb-SnO2/SnS2异质结纳米颗粒水热合成温度为160~180℃;
进一步地,步骤S4中复合型的Sb-SnO2/SnS2异质结纳米颗粒水热合成时间为16~18小时。
本发明的另一个目的是提供了一种Sb-SnO2/SnS2异质结纳米催化剂,采用以上方法制备得到。该催化剂由二维纳米片层的SnS2纳米催化剂与Sb掺杂SnO2 纳米颗形成复合型的,具有球状的纳米花结Sb-SnO2/SnS2异质结的纳米催化剂。该纳米催化剂具有球状的纳米花结构,能够实现了光催化剂对紫外光、可见光到近红外光的有效吸收,可实现弱光下保持良好的光电性能,增强了光催化剂利用太阳光降解有机废水的能力。
本发明的又一个目的是提供Sb-SnO2/SnS2异质结纳米催化剂在降解有机废水中的应用。
本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明的Sb-SnO2/SnS2异质结纳米催化剂颗粒能够在全光谱内对可见光保持几乎相等的吸光度,对可见光进行吸收,并且实现在弱光下保持良好的光电催化效应,从而有效降解废水中的有机物,去除COD。
附图说明
图1是本发明实例中Sb-SnO2/SnS2异质结纳米颗粒的扫描电子照片;
图2是本发明实例中Sb-SnO2/SnS2异质结纳米颗粒的XRD图谱;
图3是本发明实例中Sb-SnO2/SnS2异质结纳米颗粒的可见光吸收图谱。
图4是本发明实例中Sb-SnO2/SnS2异质结纳米颗粒去除废水中COD效果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步的分析。
实例1、
1、用电子天平称取1.75g SnCl4·5H2O和0.75g硫脲,将两种化学物质溶解到60mL的去离子水中,用磁力加热搅拌器恒温25℃下不断搅拌70min,使溶液充分分散,得到均匀透明溶液,调节溶液pH为5.0,之后将溶液转移至容量为 80ml的不锈钢反应釜内衬中。将拧紧密封的不锈钢反应釜放入恒温干燥箱中,调节干燥箱温度为180℃下,恒温保持16h。待反应釜加热完成后,取出反应釜冷却到室温,然后用滴管将上层清液吸出,然后将内衬中合成的纳米颗粒倒入烧杯中用去离子水反复冲洗3次。去离子水冲洗完后将其放入真空干燥箱中,在 60℃下干燥24h后,取出所得干燥SnS2产物。
2、用电子天平称取1.80g SnCl4·5H2O和0.06g三氯化锑将两种化学物质溶解到60mL的去离子水中,用盐酸调节溶液pH为5.0,用磁力加热搅拌器恒温25℃下不断搅拌30min,使溶液充分分散,得到均匀透明溶液,之后称取步骤1所制备得到的SnS20.5g,并搅拌均匀;最后,将溶液转移至容量为80ml的不锈钢反应釜内衬中。将拧紧密封的不锈钢反应釜放入恒温干燥箱中,调节干燥箱温度为 180℃下,恒温保持16h。待反应釜加热完成后,取出反应釜冷却到室温,然后用滴管将上层清液吸出,然后将内衬中合成的物质倒入烧杯中用去离子水反复冲洗3次。去离子水冲洗完后将其放入真空干燥箱中,在50℃下干燥24h后,取出所得干燥产物研磨之后保存。
图1是本发明实例中Sb-SnO2/SnS2异质结纳米颗粒的扫描电子照片;
图2是本发明实例中Sb-SnO2/SnS2异质结纳米颗粒的XRD图谱;
图3是本发明实例中Sb-SnO2/SnS2异质结纳米颗粒的可见光吸收图谱。
实例2、
1、用电子天平称取2.00g SnCl4·5H2O和0.85g硫脲,将两种化学物质溶解到60mL的去离子水中,用磁力加热搅拌器恒温25℃下不断搅拌70min,使溶液充分分散,得到均匀透明溶液,调节溶液pH为6.0,之后将溶液转移至容量为 80ml的不锈钢反应釜内衬中。将拧紧密封的不锈钢反应釜放入恒温干燥箱中,调节干燥箱温度为160℃下,恒温保持16h。待反应釜加热完成后,取出反应釜冷却到室温,然后用滴管将上层清液吸出,然后将内衬中合成的纳米颗粒倒入烧杯中用去离子水反复冲洗3次。去离子水冲洗完后将其放入真空干燥箱中,在 70℃下干燥24h后,取出所得干燥SnS2产物。
2、用电子天平称取2.00g SnCl4·5H2O和0.08g三氯化锑,将两种化学物质溶解到60mL的去离子水中,用盐酸调节溶液pH为5.0,用磁力加热搅拌器恒温 25℃下不断搅拌30min,使溶液充分分散,得到均匀透明溶液,之后称取步骤1所制备得到的SnS20.5g,并搅拌均匀,最后,将溶液转移至容量为80ml的不锈钢反应釜内衬中。将拧紧密封的不锈钢反应釜放入恒温干燥箱中,调节干燥箱温度为180℃下,恒温保持16h。待反应釜加热完成后,取出反应釜冷却到室温,然后用滴管将上层清液吸出,然后将内衬中合成的物质倒入烧杯中用去离子水反复冲洗3次。去离子水冲洗完后将其放入真空干燥箱中,在50℃下干燥24h后,取出所得干燥产物研磨之后保存。
实例3、
1、用电子天平称取1.80g SnCl4·5H2O和0.80g硫脲,将两种化学物质溶解到60mL的去离子水中,用磁力加热搅拌器恒温30℃下不断搅拌80min,使溶液充分分散,得到均匀透明溶液,调节溶液pH为6.0,之后将溶液转移至容量为 80ml的不锈钢反应釜内衬中。将拧紧密封的不锈钢反应釜放入恒温干燥箱中,调节干燥箱温度为170℃下,恒温保持16h。待反应釜加热完成后,取出反应釜冷却到室温,然后用滴管将上层清液吸出,然后将内衬中合成的纳米颗粒倒入烧杯中用去离子水反复冲洗3次。去离子水冲洗完后将其放入真空干燥箱中,在 60℃下干燥24h后,取出所得干燥SnS2产物。
2、用电子天平称取2.00g SnCl4·5H2O和0.10g三氯化锑,将两种化学物质溶解到60mL的去离子水中,用盐酸调节溶液pH为5.0,用磁力加热搅拌器恒温 25℃下不断搅拌30min,使溶液充分分散,得到均匀透明溶液,之后称取步骤1所制备得到的SnS21.0g,并搅拌均匀,最后,将溶液转移至容量为80ml的不锈钢反应釜内衬中。将拧紧密封的不锈钢反应釜放入恒温干燥箱中,调节干燥箱温度为160℃下,恒温保持18h。待反应釜加热完成后,取出反应釜冷却到室温,然后用滴管将上层清液吸出,然后将内衬中合成的物质倒入烧杯中用去离子水反复冲洗3次。去离子水冲洗完后将其放入真空干燥箱中,在50℃下干燥24h后,取出所得干燥产物研磨之后保存。
应用实例:
(1)配置COD含量为1260mg/L的苯酚溶液500mL,以模拟有机废水。
(2)将50mg上述实例中的Sb-SnO2/SnS2异质结纳米颗粒分散到步骤1配置好的模拟有机废水溶液中,记为实验组1。为了对照,同时设置50mg纯SnS2片层纳米颗粒分散到相同参数的步骤1配置好的模拟有机废水溶液中,记为对照组1。
(3)将实验组1和对照组1的溶液均放置在光照强度为1000W/m2的太阳模拟器的灯光下,并不断搅拌,每隔30分钟取样检测COD含量。120分钟后,分散有Sb-SnO2/SnS2异质结纳米颗粒的苯酚溶液(实验组1)中COD含量只有300 mg/L左右;分散纯SnS2片层纳米颗粒的苯酚溶液(对照组1)中COD含量为 900mg/L。
图4是本发明实例中Sb-SnO2/SnS2异质结纳米颗粒去除废水中COD效果图。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种Sb-SnO2/SnS2异质结纳米催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
S1、以硫脲和四氯化锡为原料,加入去离子水,溶解搅拌后得到硫脲和四氯化锡的水溶液;
S2、利用硫脲和四氯化锡的水溶液通过水热法合成得到二维片层的SnS2纳米催化剂;
S3、对上述二维片层的SnS2纳米催化剂真空烘干,得到SnS2纳米催化剂黄色粉末状;
S4、将SnS2纳米催化剂黄色粉末状分散在含有四氯化锡和三氯化锑的水溶液中,调节pH至5~6,通过水热工艺得到复合型的Sb-SnO2/SnS2异质结纳米颗粒;其中四氯化锡和三氯化锑的质量比为97:10~3,SnS2纳米催化剂颗粒与四氯化锡和三氯化锑的水溶液的质量比为0.8~2:100。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种Sb-SnO2/SnS2异质结纳米催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于步骤S1中硫脲和四氯化锡的质量比为1:2~3。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种Sb-SnO2/SnS2异质结纳米催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于步骤S1中反应温度为20~30℃,搅拌时间为1-3小时。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的一种Sb-SnO2/SnS2异质结纳米催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于步骤S1中硫脲和四氯化锡的水溶液pH值为5~6。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种Sb-SnO2/SnS2异质结纳米催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于步骤S2中二维片层的SnS2纳米催化剂水热合成温度为160~180℃;合成时间为16~18小时。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种Sb-SnO2/SnS2异质结纳米催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于步骤S3中二维片层的SnS2纳米催化剂真空烘干温度为60~70℃。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种Sb-SnO2/SnS2异质结纳米催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于步骤S4中采用盐酸调节pH至5~6。
8.如权利要求1或5所述的一种Sb-SnO2/SnS2异质结纳米催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于步骤S4中复合型的Sb-SnO2/SnS2异质结纳米颗粒水热合成温度为160~180℃;水热合成时间为16~18小时。
9.一种Sb-SnO2/SnS2异质结纳米催化剂,采用权利要求1-8任一所述的方法制备得到,其特征在于该催化剂由二维纳米片层的SnS2纳米催化剂与Sb掺杂SnO2纳米颗形成具有球状的纳米花结Sb-SnO2/SnS2异质结的复合型纳米催化剂。
10.权利要求9所述的一种Sb-SnO2/SnS2异质结纳米催化剂在降解有机废水中的应用。
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