CN113730340A - 一种注射用脂肪酸缓释组合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种注射用脂肪酸缓释组合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113730340A CN113730340A CN202111092508.5A CN202111092508A CN113730340A CN 113730340 A CN113730340 A CN 113730340A CN 202111092508 A CN202111092508 A CN 202111092508A CN 113730340 A CN113730340 A CN 113730340A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种注射用脂肪酸缓释组合物及其制备方法和应用,属于医药技术领域。所述注射用脂肪酸缓释组合物由活性药物、脂肪酸和溶剂制成。本发明使用脂肪酸作为原位凝胶基质,注射到皮下或肌肉后,脂肪酸可以迅速包载药物形成固体植入物,药物可以与脂肪酸形成多孔网状交联结构而非简单的物理混合,药物‑脂肪酸形成结合物后在水性环境下缓慢溶出,脂肪酸还可以脂溶性药物的吸收,使脂溶性药物释放更加完全。通过调节处方比例,可以适应释药周期在3~15天的药物的临床给药需求。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,具体涉及一种以脂肪酸作为原位凝胶基质的注射用缓释组合物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
对于需要长期注射给药治疗的病症(如精神分裂症),需要多次给药或持续注射给药来保证药物的疗效,不仅加重了患者的身体、心理和经济负担,还会由于给药次数多,使稳态血药浓度的波动增大,对治疗窗较窄的药物(如氨茶碱等)越容易产生不利的影响,或是长期高频次注射会引起患者不适,如疼痛、局部红肿、过敏等症状,导致注射部位产生硬结等其他症状而不利于注射部位组织健康(如油溶液注射剂)。而制成长效制剂能够使药物缓慢地释放,降低给药次数,增加患者用药依从性,还能得到平稳的血药浓度。
长效注射给药系统具有局部注射给药一次能够持续几天甚至几个月释药的特点,一般包括脂质体、微球、乳剂、原位凝胶、纳米药物等,一直是国内外生命科学研究者和制药企业关注的制剂技术。注射型原位凝胶植入剂为液体制剂,通常是由溶于有机溶剂中的各种聚合物制成,在注射之后,溶剂会脱离注射部位,药物和载体在生理环境液体原位转化为固体植入物的一类制剂。这种原位胶凝有几个优点:它们可用简易的制备方法生产并以方便注射的液体形式储存、延长释药周期、无需外科手术植入和取出即可在体内形成植入物。其基质材料主要为聚乳酸(PLA)、聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物(PLGA)、聚己内酯(PCL),PLGA由于其具有无定形的结构、已知的降解速率和良好的生物相容性作为该制剂的缓释基质具有独特的优势,目前已有多个以PLGA作为基质的原位凝胶产品上市。
但现有的PLGA体系的应用也有下列限制:(1)释放速度慢:在药物缓控释领域,对不同的药物要求其载体材料具有不同的释药速度,而由于PLGA表面疏水性强,形成的固体凝胶结构致密,药物(特别是疏水性药物)包裹在其中通过扩散、溶出或聚合物溶蚀等途径释放缓慢。上市产品的药物释放周期一般为几个月(美国专利6,565,874、6,528,080、6,461,631,6,395,293、4,938,763、5,077,049、和20130210853),例如(释放时间为1、3、4、6个月)、(释放时间为1个月)、(释放时间为1个月)等;(2)降解时间长:不同型号PLGA降解时间在1~6个月,仅依靠PLGA均聚物的分子量和分子量分布调节降解速度具有很大的局限性,单独的均聚物原位凝胶不能满足释放周期小于一个月的药物的释放;(3)载药量限制:由于安全性高、水相相容性高,目前上市的PLGA体系溶剂均为N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP),但药物在溶剂中的溶解度和原位凝胶注射体积的限制(一般小于2mL),PLGA体系主要用于小剂量药物或在NMP中溶解度高的药物,例如(每月给药7.5mg)、(每月给药90mg或120mg)、(丁丙诺啡在NMP的溶解度大于300mg/mL)。而对于药物这种剂量大(每月给药300mg~600mg)、在两亲性溶剂溶解度低的药物,现有的PLGA体系由于药物释放周期过长,无法适应于药物的临床给药;同时,该制剂体系还存在突释现象较为严重的缺点,严重影响其长效制剂释药平稳性,不利于产品质量控制。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种以脂肪酸作为原位凝胶基质的注射用缓释组合物,可以连续缓慢平稳释放药物,同时显著地降低了药物突释,适应于药物的临床给药。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种注射用脂肪酸缓释组合物,原料以质量百分数计包括:活性药物1~30%,脂肪酸1~40%,溶剂40~80%,各组分的质量分数之和为100%。
所述活性药物选自(1)性激素类药物:例如黄体酮、炔雌酮、雌二醇、雌酮、醋酸甲地孕酮、孕二烯酮、炔诺酮等;(2)非甾体抗炎药:例如美洛昔康、塞来昔布、阿司匹林、吲哚美辛、奈普生、萘普酮、双氯芬酸等;(3)镇痛药:例如地佐辛、吗啡、曲马多、芬太尼、利多卡因、杜冷丁、硝酸异山梨酯等;(4)抗高血压药:洛伐他汀、血脂康、卡托普利、氯沙坦、厄贝沙坦、坎地沙坦、氨氯地平等;(5)抗精神病药:利培酮、帕利哌酮、氟哌啶醇等。
所述脂肪酸选自硬脂酸、花生酸、软脂酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、山嵛酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈油酸、单油酸甘油酯、二油酸甘油酯、花生四烯酸或油酸中的一种或几种。
所述溶剂选自N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、甘油三醋酸酯、乳酸乙酯、甘油缩甲醛、苯甲酸苄酯、乙酸乙酯、PEG 400、PEG 600、苯甲醇、二甲亚砜、丙二醇、丙酮、乙醇、2-吡咯烷酮或碳酸丙烯酯中的一种或几种。
优选地,所述脂肪酸选自硬脂酸、花生酸、软脂酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸或山嵛酸。
优选地,所述溶剂为N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、PEG 400、PEG 600、乳酸乙酯、三醋酸甘油酯、丙二醇或苯甲酸苄酯。
进一步地,所述组合物的组分还包括可生物降解聚合物,其用量以质量百分数计为1~40%。
所述可生物降解聚合物选自聚乳酸(PLA)、丙交酯乙交酯共聚物(PLGA)、聚原酸酯(POE)、聚己内酯(PCL)、聚乳酸-聚乙二醇嵌段共聚物(PEG-PLA)、聚乙二醇-聚乙交酯丙交酯嵌段共聚物(PEG-PLGA)、聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺或乙酸异丁酸蔗糖酯(SAIB)中的一种或几种。
优选地,所述可生物降解聚合物为聚乳酸羟基乙酸共聚物,丙交酯乙交酯共聚物中乳酸和羟基乙酸的摩尔比为(50~85):(15~50),所述聚乳酸羟基乙酸共聚物的分子量为3000~40000道尔顿。
本发明使用脂肪酸作为原位凝胶基质,注射到皮下或肌肉后,脂肪酸可以迅速包载活性药物形成固体植入物,药物可以与脂肪酸形成多孔网状交联结构而非简单的物理混合,药物-脂肪酸形成结合物后在水性环境下缓慢溶出,脂肪酸可以促进脂溶性药物的吸收,脂肪酸形成的凝胶相比于PLGA释药速率大幅提高,同时可以采用任意比例的脂肪酸/PLGA组合,可以灵活调节药物释放速度。其次,PLGA表面疏水性强,形成的固体凝胶结构致密,而脂肪酸凝胶结构更加疏松,表面侵蚀更快,同时脂肪酸在体内可以通过β-氧化等途径被代谢和吸收,相比PLGA代谢分解更快,制剂消除速率更快。该组合物克服了现有PLGA原位凝胶由于释放周期长、降解速度慢、载药量限制无法适应释放周期小于1个月的药物的释放。
本发明可以通过调整脂肪酸的种类和比例,灵活调节药物释放速度,实现3~15天的释药周期;通过脂肪酸促进药物吸收,药物释放更加完全,从而适应于释药周期为3~15天、每日剂量大的药物的临床给药需求;有更快的分解速度,制剂清除更快;该脂肪酸缓释组合物的另一个优点是具有更好的注射成形性,且可以显著改善原位凝胶制剂在注射初期的突释现象,有利于提高药物疗效。
附图说明
图1为实施例9中不同药物原位凝胶处方制剂的外观,从左到右依次为卡托普利、、美洛昔康脂肪酸缓释组合物。
图2为实施例12中1小时内不同药物原位凝胶体外释放突释情况对比结果。
图3为实施例13中脂肪酸原位凝胶与PLGA原位凝胶的体外释放对比结果。
图4为实施例14中不同药物的脂肪酸原位凝胶释放结果。
图5为实施例17脂肪酸原位凝胶的DSC图。
图6为实施例18脂肪酸原位凝胶的体内成形图。
具体实施方式
以下实施例是对本发明的进一步说明,但绝不是本发明范围的限制,下面参考实施例进一步详细阐述本发明,但是本领域技术人员应当理解,本发明并不限于这些实施例以及使用的制备方法。而且,本领域技术人员根据本发明的描述可以对本发明进行等同替换、组合、改良或修饰,但这些都将包括在本发明的范围内。
实施例1
取黄体酮100mg,溶于700mg的NMP中,经0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤得到药物溶液,然后在无菌条件下,加入硬脂酸200mg,无菌条件下磁力搅拌约1小时,至完全溶解,得到澄清透明液体,分装,密封,即得。
实施例2
取黄体酮100mg,溶于700mg的NMP中,经0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤得到药物溶液,然后在无菌条件下,加入PLGA200mg,无菌条件下磁力搅拌约1小时,至完全溶解,得到澄清透明液体,分装,密封,即得。
实施例3
取炔雌酮100mg,溶于800mg的NMP中,经0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤得到药物溶液,然后在无菌条件下,加入花生酸200mg,无菌条件下磁力搅拌约1小时,至完全溶解,得到澄清透明液体,分装,密封,即得。
实施例4
取美洛昔康100mg,溶于700mg的NMP中,经0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤得到药物溶液,然后在无菌条件下,加入软脂酸200mg,无菌条件下磁力搅拌约1小时,至完全溶解,得到澄清透明液体,分装,密封,即得。
实施例5
取塞来昔布100mg,溶于700mg的NMP中,经0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤得到药物溶液,然后在无菌条件下,加入硬脂酸200mg,无菌条件下磁力搅拌约1小时,至完全溶解,得到澄清透明液体,分装,密封,即得。
实施例6
取地佐辛100mg,溶于700mg的NMP中,加入50mL丙二醇,经0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤得到药物溶液,然后在无菌条件下,加入月桂酸200mg,无菌条件下磁力搅拌约1小时,至完全溶解,得到澄清透明液体,分装,密封,即得。
实施例7
取洛伐他汀100mg,溶于700mg的NMP中,经0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤得到药物溶液,然后在无菌条件下,加入山嵛酸200mg,无菌条件下磁力搅拌约1小时,至完全溶解,得到澄清透明液体,分装,密封,即得。
实施例8
取利培酮100mg,溶于600mg的NMP和100mgPEG 400中,经0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤得到药物溶液,然后在无菌条件下,加入硬脂酸150mg,无菌条件下磁力搅拌约1小时,至完全溶解,得到澄清透明液体,分装,密封,即得。
实施例9
脂肪酸缓释组合物的凝胶相变过程
按表1处方分别称取不同种类的脂肪酸200mg、药物100mg、NMP 700mg,以及混合基质50mg,加热搅拌2小时,得到澄清透明溶液,注入PBS中,考察体外成形性。
表1不同药物的制备及成形性考察
处方 | 药物 | 基质 | 成形性 |
处方1 | 卡托普利 | 硬脂酸 | 成形完整 |
处方2 | 美洛昔康 | 硬脂酸 | 成形完整 |
处方3 | 利多卡因 | 硬脂酸 | 成形完整 |
处方4 | 醋酸甲地孕酮 | 软脂酸 | 成形完整 |
处方5 | 吲哚美辛 | 花生酸 | 成形完整 |
处方6 | 帕利哌酮 | 肉豆蔻酸 | 成形完整 |
其中,卡托普利、吲哚美辛、美洛昔康分别与脂肪酸制成的缓释组合物成形性如图1所示。
实施例10
脂肪酸缓释组合物的凝胶相变过程
按表2处方分别称取不同种类的脂肪酸200mg、药物100mg、NMP 700mg,以及混合基质50mg,加热搅拌2小时,得到澄清透明溶液,注入PBS中,考察体外成形性和胶凝时间(37℃)。
表2不同基质脂肪的制备
如表2所示,采用脂肪酸或脂肪酸-混合基质制得的缓释组合物均有较好的胶凝效果。
实施例11
不同种类溶剂的处方筛选
分别称取脂肪酸20%(w/w)、药物10%(w/w),按表3分别称取不同种类的溶剂,加热搅拌3小时,得到澄清透明溶液,注入PBS中,考察体外成形性。
表3不同溶剂的处方筛选及成形性考察
处方 | 溶剂 | 溶液外观 | 成形性 |
处方1 | 70%NMP | 澄清透明 | 成形完整 |
处方2 | 70%PEG-400 | 澄清透明 | 成形完整 |
处方3 | 70%PEG-600 | 澄清透明 | 成形完整 |
处方4 | 70%乳酸乙酯 | 澄清透明 | 成形完整 |
处方5 | 70%三醋酸甘油酯 | 澄清透明 | 成形完整 |
处方6 | 30%丙二醇和40%NMP | 澄清透明 | 成形完整 |
处方7 | 50%苯甲酸苄酯和10%NMP | 澄清透明 | 成形完整 |
由表3可知,所选溶剂均能制得成形完整的产品。
实施例12
不同浓度脂肪酸的抑制突释特性考察
将含不同药物的脂肪酸缓释组合物以及PLGA缓释组合物分别注射含0.5%SDS-10mL PBS缓冲溶液中(pH=7.4),在恒温振荡器(37℃,100rmp)中进行体外释放试验。在设定时间点取出10mL的缓冲液,并加入等体积的新鲜PBS缓冲液,计算药物的累计释放率。
表4不同药物脂肪酸凝胶的缓释特性考察
如表4和图2所示,脂肪酸凝胶组具有较快的释放速率和抑制突释的特性。
实施例13
体外释放结果
将实施例1和实施例2的产品注射在20mL西林瓶中,然后放置在10mL PBS缓冲溶液中(pH=7.4),在恒温振荡器(37℃,100rmp)中进行体外释放试验。在设定时间点取出10mL的缓冲液,并加入等体积的新鲜PBS缓冲液,计算药物的累计释放率。
结果见图3,脂肪酸缓释组合物相比PLGA缓释组合物具有更快的释放速率和抑制突释的特性。
实施例14
体外释放结果
将实施例1、实施例3、实施例4、实施例5、实施例6的产品注射在20mL西林瓶中,然后放置在10mL PBS缓冲溶液中(pH=7.4),在恒温振荡器(37℃,100rmp)中进行体外释放试验。在设定时间点取出10mL的缓冲液,并加入等体积的新鲜PBS缓冲液,计算药物的累计释放率。
表5不同药物的制备及体外释放考察
处方 | 药物 | 3天体外累积释放 |
实施例1 | 黄体酮 | 52.17% |
实施例3 | 炔雌酮 | 44.89% |
实施例4 | 美洛昔康 | 66.32% |
实施例5 | 塞来昔布 | 25.72% |
实施例6 | 地佐辛 | 84.14% |
如表5和图4所示,通过处方调节,不同药物缓释组合物具有不同的释放速率。
实施例15
分解速率考察
取实施例1、实施例2、实施例4、实施例6处方进行,然后放置在10mL PBS缓冲溶液中(pH=7.4),在恒温振荡器(37℃,100rmp)中进行体外降解试验。经过一定时间后取出制剂,干燥,称取剩余含量,计算分解速率。结果如表6所示,脂肪酸缓释组合物相比PLGA缓释组合物具有更快的分解速率。
表6体外分解速率考察
处方 | 分解速率(14天) |
实施例1 | 63% |
实施例2 | 10% |
实施例4 | 67% |
实施例6 | 69% |
实施例16
不同释放度考察
将制剂注射在20mL西林瓶中,然后放置在10mLPBS缓冲溶液中(pH=7.4),在恒温振荡器(37℃,100rmp)中进行体外释放试验,纪录固化胶凝时间点,在设定时间点取出10mL的缓冲液,并加入等体积的新鲜PBS缓冲液,计算药物的累计释放率,结果见表7。
表7不同药物的体外释放度考察
处方 | 胶凝时间 | 释放度(至80%时间) |
实施例1 | 20秒 | 7天 |
实施例2 | >60秒 | >30天 |
实施例6 | 15秒 | 3天 |
实施例7 | 32秒 | 9天 |
实施例8 | 30秒 | 8天 |
实施例17
DSC考察
以黄体酮为模型药,将实施例1进行DCS分析,其DSC分析结果如图5所示,将药物在131℃处有明显吸热峰,脂肪酸在72℃处有明显吸热峰,药物和脂肪酸的物理混合物则分别出现药物、脂肪酸的特征吸热峰,而药物-脂肪酸缓释组合物形成的原位凝胶在131℃处未见药物特征吸热峰,且72℃处脂肪酸的特征吸热峰变为68℃和79℃双峰有变宽趋势,结果说明,药物-脂肪酸缓释组合物形成的原位凝胶中药物与脂肪酸不是简单的物理混合,而是存在分子间作用力。
实施例18
体内成形性实验
取0.5mL实施例1的制剂,进行大鼠背部皮下注射,考察体内成形性,结果见图6。其在体内成形性完整。
Claims (8)
1.一种脂肪酸缓释组合物,其特征在于:原料以质量百分数计包括:活性药物1~30%,脂肪酸1~40%,溶剂40~80%,各组分的质量分数之和为100%;
所述活性药物选自性激素类药物、非甾体抗炎药、镇痛药、抗高血压药或抗精神病药中的一种或几种;
所述脂肪酸选自硬脂酸、花生酸、软脂酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、山嵛酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈油酸、单油酸甘油酯、二油酸甘油酯、花生四烯酸或油酸中的一种或几种;
所述溶剂选自N-甲基吡咯烷酮、甘油三醋酸酯、乳酸乙酯、甘油缩甲醛、苯甲酸苄酯、乙酸乙酯、PEG 400、PEG 600、苯甲醇、二甲亚砜、丙二醇、丙酮、乙醇、2-吡咯烷酮或碳酸丙烯酯中的一种或几种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的脂肪酸缓释组合物,其特征在于:所述脂肪酸选自硬脂酸、花生酸、软脂酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸或山嵛酸中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的脂肪酸缓释组合物,其特征在于:所述溶剂为N-甲基吡咯烷酮、PEG 400、PEG 600、乳酸乙酯、三醋酸甘油酯、丙二醇或苯甲酸苄酯。
4.根据权利要求1所述的脂肪酸缓释组合物,其特征在于:原料还包括可生物降解聚合物,用量以质量百分数计为1~40%。
5.根据权利要求4所述的脂肪酸缓释组合物,其特征在于:所述可生物降解聚合物选自聚乳酸、丙交酯乙交酯共聚物、聚己内酯、聚原酸酯、聚乳酸-聚乙二醇嵌段共聚物、聚乙二醇-聚乙交酯丙交酯嵌段共聚物、聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺或乙酸异丁酸蔗糖酯中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求5所述的脂肪酸缓释组合物,其特征在于:所述可生物降解聚合物为聚乳酸羟基乙酸共聚物,丙交酯乙交酯共聚物中乳酸和羟基乙酸的摩尔比为(50~85):(15~50),所述聚乳酸羟基乙酸共聚物的分子量为3000~40000道尔顿。
7.权利要求1所述的脂肪酸缓释组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:将活性药物溶于溶剂中,然后加入脂肪酸,搅拌混合至完全溶解,即可。
8.一种注射制剂,包括权利要求1所述的脂肪酸缓释组合物。
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CN101168061A (zh) * | 2007-10-19 | 2008-04-30 | 浙江大学 | 生物可降解聚合物-固体脂质缓释储库系统及其制备方法 |
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