CN113729121A - Feed additive containing zinc benzoate and production process and application thereof - Google Patents
Feed additive containing zinc benzoate and production process and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113729121A CN113729121A CN202110997905.0A CN202110997905A CN113729121A CN 113729121 A CN113729121 A CN 113729121A CN 202110997905 A CN202110997905 A CN 202110997905A CN 113729121 A CN113729121 A CN 113729121A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/60—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for weanlings
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Abstract
Discloses a feed additive containing zinc benzoate, which is obtained by reacting zinc salt with mixed organic acid solution, and the preparation method comprises the steps of dissolving the zinc salt in ethanol to obtain zinc salt solution; mixing the zinc salt solution with the mixed organic acid solution, heating and reacting while keeping the temperature. In addition, a production process of the feed additive and application of the feed additive in improving the diarrhea incidence rate of weaned piglets are also disclosed. The feed additive has better effect in improving the diarrhea incidence of weaned piglets.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of animal feed additives, and particularly relates to a feed additive containing zinc benzoate as well as a production process and application thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of the livestock breeding industry, the novel breeding technology brings great changes to the pig breeding production. In order to maximize the production efficiency of sows, the technology of early weaning of piglets is widely applied. However, due to various stresses caused by early weaning and congenital immunodeficiency of weaned piglets, the diarrhea phenomenon of the piglets is relatively common, and the diarrhea after weaning causes the morbidity and the mortality of the piglets to increase, so that the food intake and the growth speed of the piglets in the weaning period are reduced, the treatment cost is high, and the economic benefit is damaged. Therefore, post-weaning diarrhea is one of the most important problems to be solved urgently in the pig industry.
The use of a feed antibiotic can effectively alleviate these adverse effects caused by weaning stress. However, the use of a large amount of feed antibiotics and even abuse of the feed antibiotics cause problems of increase of drug resistance of intestinal microflora, drug residues in animal organisms and the like, and potential risks are brought to human health.
On the other hand, trace elements in the feed also have great influence on the feeding of weaned piglets and the growth speed thereof, and the incidence rate of diarrhea of the piglets. Studies have shown that when the zinc content of the feed is insufficient, metabolic disorders of various enzymes in the body of piglets are easily caused, including oxidoreductases (superoxide dismutase), transferases (RNA polymerase), hydrolases (alkaline phosphatase), lyases (carbonic anhydrase), and ligases (tRNA synthetase), among others. These enzymes are closely related to metabolic processes such as synthesis and degradation of proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids. This often leads to a reduction in appetite of the piglets, even anorexia, monophagia or even xenophagia; meanwhile, the immune function of cells can be damaged, the resistance of the organism is reduced, and pathogenic microorganisms are easy to infect, so that diseases such as respiratory tract infection, bronchopneumonia, repeated cold, diarrhea and the like are easy to cause.
The feed is prepared from zinc (Zn, 2000-2500 mg/kg) at a pharmacological level, such as zinc oxide (ZnO), and is widely applied to prevention and treatment of diarrhea of early weaned piglets, and the effect is remarkable. However, this practice has raised concerns about the environmental impact of animals, because the utilization of zinc oxide by animal bodies is still low, and feeding a large amount of zinc oxide cannot be digested and absorbed by animal bodies, and thus it is discharged into the environment, thus polluting the environment, and therefore the amount of zinc oxide used must be reduced.
The organic zinc compound has high biological value, relatively less adding amount, high bioavailability and biochemical stability and less trace element discharge, so that it has less environmental pollution and less toxic side effect and is favorable to human and animal health. Thus, the organic zinc compound feed additive has more advantages than the inorganic zinc compound feed additive in multiple aspects.
The chinese patent application CN108617856A discloses the use of zinc benzoate in the preparation of animal feed additives, in particular as a substitute for high-dose inorganic zinc, a feeding growth anti-diarrhea agent, a feeding growth promoter or a feeding preservative in the feed processing industry or animal breeding industry, which reduces the use amount of inorganic zinc in the feed processing industry and animal breeding industry, improves the health condition of animals, shortens the breeding period of animals and improves the quality of feed. The feeding test result of the weaned pig shows that the weaned pig supplements zinc oxide or zinc benzoate with different contents in basic daily ration within two weeks after weaning, the content level of zinc element in serum of the weaned pig in vivo is improved by 1.8-20%, the daily feed intake and daily weight gain are obviously improved, the feed-meat ratio is obviously reduced, the utilization rate of the feed is improved, and the diarrhea rate of the weaned pig is effectively controlled. In addition, the control level of 1000ppm of zinc benzoate on the production performance or diarrhea rate of weaned pigs is equivalent to the level of 2000ppm of zinc oxide, the improvement level of 1500ppm of zinc benzoate on the production performance of weaned pigs can reach the effect of 3000-4000 ppm of zinc oxide, and the usage amount of inorganic zinc can be reduced by about 85-90%. However, the addition of zinc benzoate is still high and has a limited effect on improving the diarrhea rate of weaned piglets.
However, the organic zinc compound feed additives with different compositions and forms have great influence on the bioavailability and biochemical stability of animals, and are related to the absorption and utilization of trace elements and the production performance of the animals. For example, different organic compounds are complexed with the same trace element; different complexing ratios or different complexing forms of the same organic compound and the same trace element can result in different biological potency.
Pistacia chinensis Baill et al selected Du-Da three-way hybrid growing pigs, randomly divided into control group and test I-V group, and subjected to two-stage feeding test, the control group was fed with basal diet (containing 100mg/kg zinc in the early stage and 70mg/kg zinc in the later stage, provided by zinc sulfate as inorganic salt), the experimental groups I-V were fed with diet I (50% of 2: 1 zinc methionine substituted for 100% of inorganic zinc in the basal diet), diet II (100% of 2: 1 zinc methionine substituted for 100% of inorganic zinc in the basal diet), diet III (100% of 1: 1 zinc methionine substituted for 100% of inorganic zinc in the basal diet), diet IV (100% of zinc glycine substituted for 100% of inorganic zinc in the basal diet) and diet V (100% of zinc fumarate substituted for 100% of inorganic zinc in the basal diet), respectively, and the effects of different organic zinc sources substituted for inorganic zinc on the productivity of the growing finishing pigs were studied. The results of the full-period test show that the daily gain of the test groups I, II, III and IV is respectively increased by 1.91%, 1.80%, 7.77% and 4.86% compared with the control group, wherein the test group III is obviously higher than the control group; the feed weight gain ratio between each group has no obvious difference, but the feed weight gain ratio between the test I and the test III is lower, and the feed utilization rate is higher.
Although the effect of zinc fumarate on the production performance of growing and fattening pigs is not obvious in the tests, since the fumaric acid is a substance with biological activity, the zinc fumarate can be added into feed to prevent mildew and bacteria, improve the feed utilization rate, the production performance of livestock and poultry and the like, and is widely used in the feed industry and the livestock and poultry breeding industry. The zinc fumarate formed by combining the fumaric acid and the zinc ions has the advantages of no irritation, quick absorption, high bioavailability, and dual functions of mildew prevention and treatment, so that the zinc fumarate becomes an animal zinc supplement enhancer with excellent performance, and still has a certain application. Xiaokeping et al, which uses zinc hypoxide as raw material, prepares zinc fumarate as feed additive through the procedures of ammonium leaching, iron removal, deep impurity removal, crystallization, synthesis and the like, and has high product purity and good mineral crystallization effect. However, the process utilizes flue dust of a smelting plant as a raw material, and has the characteristics of simplicity, low cost and the like. However, certain problems exist, such as large water consumption of the leaching solution in the leaching process; in addition, the biological effect and other comprehensive properties of the product are still to be further researched.
Moreover, the above prior art does not study the composition and morphology of zinc benzoate or zinc fumarate, and these technical details have a great influence on the bioavailability and biochemical stability of animals.
Based on the prior art, the invention further provides a zinc benzoate-containing feed additive for reducing the incidence rate of diarrhea of weaned piglets, and a production process and application thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a zinc benzoate-containing feed additive for reducing the incidence rate of diarrhea of weaned piglets and a production process and application thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, on one hand, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a feed additive containing zinc benzoate is obtained by reacting zinc salt with a mixed organic acid solution, wherein the mixed organic acid is selected from a composition of benzoic acid and fumaric acid, and the proportion of benzoic acid in the mixed organic acid is larger than that of fumaric acid.
The feed additive provided by the invention is characterized in that in the mixed organic acid, the molar ratio of benzoic acid to fumaric acid is (6-12): (3-6).
Preferably, in the mixed organic acid, the molar ratio of benzoic acid to fumaric acid is (7-10): (4-6).
In one embodiment, the molar ratio of benzoic acid to fumaric acid in the mixed organic acid is 8: 5.
the feed additive provided by the invention is characterized in that the molar ratio of the zinc salt to the benzoic acid is 10: (6-12).
Preferably, the molar ratio of zinc salt to benzoic acid is 10: (7-10).
In one embodiment, the molar ratio of zinc salt to benzoic acid is 10: 8.
the feed additive according to the present invention, wherein the mixed organic acid solution further comprises NH3·H2O。
The feed additive according to the present invention, wherein NH3·H2The ratio of O to benzoic acid was (105-135) mL: 1 mol.
Preferably, NH3·H2The ratio of O to benzoic acid was (110-: 1 mol.
In one embodiment, NH3·H2The ratio of O to benzoic acid was 120 mL: 1 mol.
The feed additive according to the invention, wherein the zinc salt is selected from zinc nitrate.
The feed additive provided by the invention is characterized in that the reaction temperature is 100-140 ℃.
Preferably, the reaction temperature is 110-.
The feed additive provided by the invention is characterized in that the reaction time is 4-12 h.
Preferably, the reaction time is 6 to 10 hours.
In another aspect, the present invention also provides a process for producing the feed additive according to the present invention, comprising:
dissolving zinc salt in ethanol to obtain a zinc salt solution;
dissolving benzoic acid and fumaric acid in ethanol, and adding NH3·H2O, obtaining a mixed organic acid solution;
mixing the zinc salt solution with the mixed organic acid solution, heating and reacting while keeping the temperature.
Advantageously, after cooling, further washing with ethanol and drying to obtain the product.
In yet another aspect, the invention further provides a use of the feed additive according to the invention for improving the incidence rate of diarrhea in weaned piglets.
According to the application, the content of the feed additive in the piglet diet is 10-1000 ppm.
Preferably, the feed additive is present in an amount of 50-200ppm in the animal's ration.
The inventor finds that the feed additive contains zinc benzoate and zinc fumarate, but the composition and the form of the feed additive of the organic zinc compound are obviously different from those of the zinc benzoate and the zinc fumarate.
Compared with the prior art, the feed additive provided by the invention has a better effect in improving the diarrhea incidence of weaned piglets.
Detailed Description
The following examples are merely illustrative of embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Zinc nitrate hexahydrate (29.5g, 0.1mol) was dissolved in 150mL of ethanol to give a zinc nitrate solution.
Benzoic acid (9.8g, 0.08mol) and fumaric acid (5.8g, 0.05mol) were dissolved in 200mL of ethanol; then adding NH3·H2O (10mL) is stirred and mixed evenly to obtain a mixed organic acid solution.
Adding a zinc nitrate solution into the mixed organic acid solution, and stirring to uniformly mix the zinc nitrate solution and the mixed organic acid solution; transferring the mixture into a stainless steel reaction kettle with a PTFE lining, heating the mixture to 120 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation reaction for 8 hours.
Naturally cooling to room temperature, washing the crude product with absolute ethyl alcohol for 3 times, and drying at 40 ℃ to obtain the feed additive containing zinc benzoate.
The X-ray powder diffraction analysis result shows that the feed additive of the embodiment of the invention has a broad and dispersed steamed bun peak; characteristic peaks of zinc benzoate, which is common, at 2 theta of 19.3 degrees, 32.8 degrees and 36.9 degrees, and characteristic peaks of zinc fumarate, which is common, at 2 theta of 15.6 degrees, 27.3 degrees and 40.1 degrees, are not shown, and the feed additive disclosed by the invention is shown to have an amorphous structure as a whole.
Example 2
Zinc nitrate hexahydrate (29.5g, 0.1mol) was dissolved in 150mL of ethanol to give a zinc nitrate solution.
Benzoic acid (12.2g, 0.1mol) and fumaric acid (5.8g, 0.04mol) were dissolved in 250mL of ethanol; then adding NH3·H2O (12mL) is stirred and mixed evenly to obtain a mixed organic acid solution.
Adding a zinc nitrate solution into the mixed organic acid solution, and stirring to uniformly mix the zinc nitrate solution and the mixed organic acid solution; transferring the mixture into a stainless steel reaction kettle with a PTFE lining, heating the mixture to 120 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation reaction for 8 hours.
Naturally cooling to room temperature, washing the crude product with absolute ethyl alcohol for 3 times, and drying at 40 ℃ to obtain the feed additive containing zinc benzoate.
Example 3
Zinc nitrate hexahydrate (29.5g, 0.1mol) was dissolved in 150mL of ethanol to give a zinc nitrate solution.
Benzoic acid (8.5g, 0.07mol) and fumaric acid (7.0g, 0.06mol) were dissolved in 200mL of ethanol; then adding NH3·H2O (8mL), stirring and mixing evenly to obtain a mixtureAnd (4) synthesizing an organic acid solution.
Adding a zinc nitrate solution into the mixed organic acid solution, and stirring to uniformly mix the zinc nitrate solution and the mixed organic acid solution; transferring the mixture into a stainless steel reaction kettle with a PTFE lining, heating the mixture to 120 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation reaction for 8 hours.
Naturally cooling to room temperature, washing the crude product with absolute ethyl alcohol for 3 times, and drying at 40 ℃ to obtain the feed additive containing zinc benzoate.
Feeding test
Selecting 80 heads of ternary hybrid weaned piglets with the healthy weight of 7.8 +/-0.62 kg; the pigs were completely randomized into 5 groups on a princess-female half basis, with 4 replicates (columns) per group, and 4 pigs (close in weight) per replicate.
The test is designed in blocks, including control group I, control group II, control group III, control group IV and test group. The feeding ration of the control group I is basal feed; the feeding ration of the control group II is basal feed plus 100mg/kg zinc benzoate; the feeding ration of the control group III is basal feed plus 100mg/kg zinc fumarate; the feeding daily ration of the control group IV is base feed, 100mg/kg of zinc benzoate and zinc fumarate (the molar ratio is 8: 5); the feeding ration for the test group was basal plus 100mg/kg of the zinc benzoate containing feed additive of example 1.
In the pig raising process, regular disinfection and normal immunity are carried out in a pigsty according to the conventional raising management (the temperature is controlled at 24-28 ℃ and the humidity is controlled at 55-70%). The piglets are fed for 2 times every morning and evening, and drink water freely; the next morning, collect the remaining material and weigh. The test period was 40 days.
Wherein, the basic feed comprises: 58% of corn; 18% of soybean meal; 6 percent of puffed soybean; 4% of premix; whey powder 4%; 2% of wheat bran; 2 percent of fish meal; 2% of glucose; 1% of lysine; 1% of soybean oil; 1.6 percent of calcium hydrophosphate; 0.4 percent of sodium chloride. Per kg premix provided: vitamin A2000 IU; vitamin D31000 IU; vitamin E30 IU; vitamin K32 mg; vitamin B13.5 mg; vitamin B21 mg; vitamin B1250 mu g of the mixture; biotin 0.3 mg; 2mg of folic acid; nicotinamide 20 mg; 15mg of calcium pantothenate; 80mg of Fe; cu 15 mg; mn 20 mg; co 1 mg.
The diarrhea of each pig in each group is accurately recorded every day in the test period, and the condition that the feces are not shaped and the water content is more than 70 percent is regarded as diarrhea. According to the diarrhea rate (%) ═ (number of diarrhea heads of piglets × (number of diarrhea days of piglets)/(number of heads of piglets tested × (number of days of test days of piglets) × 100%. The diarrhea rate during the test period was calculated.
TABLE 1
| Diarrhea Rate (%) | |
| Control group I | 10.7±0.31 |
| Control group II | 7.3±0.22 |
| Control group III | 5.9±0.18 |
| Control group IV | 6.2±0.19 |
| Test group | 3.5±0.13 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the diarrhea rate in the test group was significantly lower than that in the control group I, control group II, control group III and control group IV.
Without wishing to be bound by any theory, the composition and the form of the organic zinc compound feed additive have great influence on the absorption and utilization of trace elements of weaned pigs and influence on the production performance of the weaned pigs.
It should be understood that the detailed description of the invention is merely illustrative of the spirit and principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions, deletions, modifications or adjustments may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the disclosure of the present invention, and such equivalents are also within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A feed additive containing zinc benzoate is obtained by reacting zinc salt with a mixed organic acid solution, wherein the mixed organic acid is selected from a composition of benzoic acid and fumaric acid, and the proportion of benzoic acid in the mixed organic acid is larger than that of fumaric acid.
2. The feed additive of claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of benzoic acid to fumaric acid in the mixed organic acid is (6-12): (3-6).
3. The feed additive according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of zinc salt to benzoic acid is 10: (6-12).
4. The feed additive of claim 1 wherein the mixed organic acid solution further comprises NH3·H2O。
5. A feed additive according to claim 4 wherein NH3·H2The ratio of O to benzoic acid was (105-135) mL: 1 mol.
6. A feed additive according to claim 1 wherein the zinc salt is selected from zinc nitrate.
7. The feed additive of claim 1, wherein the reaction temperature is 100-140 ℃; and/or the reaction time is 4-12 h.
8. A process for the preparation of a feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising:
dissolving zinc salt in ethanol to obtain a zinc salt solution;
dissolving benzoic acid and fumaric acid in ethanol, and adding NH3·H2O, obtaining a mixed organic acid solution;
mixing the zinc salt solution with the mixed organic acid solution, heating and reacting while keeping the temperature.
9. Use of the feed additive of any one of claims 1-7 for improving the incidence of diarrhea in weaned piglets.
10. The use according to claim 9, wherein the feed additive is present in the piglet diet in an amount of 10-1000 ppm.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114246260A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-03-29 | 江西永通科技股份有限公司 | Feed additive and preparation method thereof |
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| CN108617856A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-10-09 | 广州英赛特生物技术有限公司 | Application of the zinc benzoate in preparing animal feed additive |
| CN111109446A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-08 | 南宁市泽威尔饲料有限责任公司 | Special sulfate radical-free organic trace element feed additive for piglets and preparation method thereof |
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- 2021-08-27 CN CN202110997905.0A patent/CN113729121A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108617856A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-10-09 | 广州英赛特生物技术有限公司 | Application of the zinc benzoate in preparing animal feed additive |
| CN111109446A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-08 | 南宁市泽威尔饲料有限责任公司 | Special sulfate radical-free organic trace element feed additive for piglets and preparation method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114246260A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-03-29 | 江西永通科技股份有限公司 | Feed additive and preparation method thereof |
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