CN113719294B - Tunnel model test tunnel excavation device and construction method - Google Patents
Tunnel model test tunnel excavation device and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113719294B CN113719294B CN202111065614.4A CN202111065614A CN113719294B CN 113719294 B CN113719294 B CN 113719294B CN 202111065614 A CN202111065614 A CN 202111065614A CN 113719294 B CN113719294 B CN 113719294B
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- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 9
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
- E21D9/087—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines
- E21D9/0873—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines the shield being provided with devices for lining the tunnel, e.g. shuttering
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/42—Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits
- E21B10/43—Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits characterised by the arrangement of teeth or other cutting elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B15/00—Supports for the drilling machine, e.g. derricks or masts
- E21B15/04—Supports for the drilling machine, e.g. derricks or masts specially adapted for directional drilling, e.g. slant hole rigs
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/22—Rods or pipes with helical structure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/093—Control of the driving shield, e.g. of the hydraulic advancing cylinders
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/12—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms
- E21D9/124—Helical conveying means therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tunnel model test tunnel excavation device and a construction method, belongs to the field of tunnel model tests, and solves the problems that the construction accuracy is low in the prior art; the degree of automation is low; the problem of the error of tunnel settlement is produced, and its technical scheme is: including inside mold box, positioner and the drilling equipment who fills similar material, its characterized in that two trompils have been seted up on the relative curb plate of mold box, trompil department is provided with the baffle for the shutoff, drilling equipment is including passing the drilling rod of trompil, drilling rod external fixation cover is equipped with a guide cylinder, and the guide cylinder is used for lining the country rock temporarily, and the commonality is strong, simple structure, and the cost is lower, easy to operate, and the guide cylinder plays the effect of lining temporarily simultaneously during the excavation tunnel, greatly reduced tunnel settlement's error.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of tunnel model tests, and particularly relates to a tunnel excavation device and a construction method for a tunnel model test.
Background
With the increasing investment of the country to the field of infrastructure, soil mechanics and scientific technology are continuously developed and matured, urban subway tunnels and mountain tunnels are also given rapid development opportunities and occupy extremely important economic and strategic positions in the field of traffic tracks in China. However, tunnel traffic still suffers from a lot of problems of great size and small size under the influence of factors such as geology, climate and construction process in construction and operation, and time and cost are wasted under the condition that the problems cannot be solved depending on actual working conditions of tunnels. Therefore, the method has important theoretical significance and engineering practical value for researching the construction technical problem by establishing a corresponding tunnel model through a similar theory and carrying out an indoor test.
In actual urban tunnel construction, the shield tunneling machine is most commonly used, but the large shield tunneling machine cannot play the role under the condition of a test model, construction is usually performed in a mode of manually excavating a tunnel face, a large amount of physical power is consumed, the working efficiency is low, and the excavation effect error is large.
Through retrieval, the Chinese patent with the publication number CN111595606B discloses a tunnel model test tunnel excavation device and method, solves the problems of low efficiency and large excavation error in the excavation process in the prior art, has strong universality, can be repeatedly used, is convenient to install and dismantle, can set different opening shapes and excavation positions according to test requirements, and can complete various working conditions. The technical scheme is as follows: the device comprises a model test box, an orienting device and a drilling device, wherein the model test box is used for filling similar materials for model tests, tunnel openings are respectively formed in the two corresponding sides of the model test box, and the tunnel openings can be plugged through opening baffles; the orienting device is detachably arranged at the position of a tunnel opening at one side of the model test box and comprises a plurality of positioning cylinders; the drilling device can penetrate through the positioning cylinder, and drilling and excavation are achieved through the rotary drilling device.
However, the comparison document has the following defects:
1. the positioning cylinder is difficult to penetrate through and install, and the cylinder shaft is difficult to control to be vertical to the model box, so that the construction accuracy is low;
2. the positioning cylinders are installed in advance, the number of holes between adjacent positioning cylinders is large, and subsequent treatment is troublesome;
3. the rotating shaft is manually rotated, one piece of construction is needed, the automation degree is low, and the construction efficiency is influenced;
4. after excavation, uncut soil needs to be treated, and support cannot be carried out in time, so that errors of tunnel settlement are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the tunnel model test tunnel excavation device and the construction method, which have the advantages of strong universality, simple structure, lower cost and easy operation, and the guide cylinders simultaneously play a role in temporary lining when the tunnel is excavated, so that the tunnel settlement error is greatly reduced.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a tunnel model test tunnel excavation device, includes inside mold box, positioner and the drilling equipment who fills similar material the mold box includes the proof box frame and installs in the transparent baffle of proof box frame, packs similar material in the mold box, has seted up two cylindricality trompils on relative curb plate on the mold box, cylindricality trompil department is provided with the baffle and is used for the shutoff, the fender can be dismantled to be connected in the model proof box side, and the mounted position of shelves pole is adjustable, drilling equipment is including passing the drilling rod of trompil, drilling rod external fixation cover is equipped with a guide cylinder, and the guide cylinder is used for lining the country rock temporarily, prevents that the tunnel from subsiding the emergence.
Adopt above-mentioned technical scheme, the drilling rod passes the trompil back, and the guide cylinder of establishing through the drilling rod overcoat can be to the soil body that need not be handled and not cut, plays the effect of interim lining cutting country rock, prevents that the tunnel from subsiding the emergence, improves the accuracy of experiment and the uniformity of test result, avoids installing a plurality of location section of thick bamboos in advance in the model case simultaneously, causes the hole between the adjacent location section of thick bamboo more, the later stage problem of being difficult to handle.
Preferably, a spiral baffle is arranged on the drill rod main body, and a cutting edge is formed in the spiral baffle. By adopting the preferred technical scheme, the edged spiral baffle on the drill rod main body can not only cut up soil blocks, but also convey soil bodies to the outside of the tunnel hole along the baffle, so that the construction site is clean and convenient for next construction.
Preferably, a quadrangular pyramid-shaped cutter head is fixedly arranged at the end part of the drill rod, and the section of the cutter head is cross-shaped. Adopt this preferred technical scheme, the tip that the drilling rod tip set up among the prior art is compared to, the drilling rod drives the blade disc rotatory, and four cutting edges have been seted up to the blade disc, can promote the drilling rod to the cutting efficiency of the soil body, have accelerated the excavation progress greatly.
Preferably, the lifting drilling machine device comprises a drilling machine support, a lifting mechanism and an electric drilling machine, wherein the lifting mechanism is a vertically arranged sliding rail, the electric drilling machine can vertically adjust the position of the electric drilling machine along the lifting mechanism and lock the electric drilling machine, and the drilling rod is detachably arranged on the electric drilling machine and can provide rotating power for the drilling rod. By adopting the optimized technical scheme, the lifting drilling machine is mature in the prior art, the drill rod is detachably arranged on the electric drilling machine, the position of the drill rod can be adjusted along with the change of the position of the tunnel model, the lifting drilling machine is used for providing rotary power required by soil excavation, and two gears of 'advancing/retreating' are arranged to control the advancing or retreating of the drill rod and the guide cylinder, so that manual excavation is replaced, manpower is saved, and the working efficiency is improved to a great extent.
Preferably, the electric drilling machine interface is a cross plum blossom interface, the end part of the drill rod is a cross connecting bolt, and the cross plum blossom interface and the cross connecting bolt are matched to enable the drill rod to be meshed and connected with the electric drilling machine. By adopting the preferable technical scheme, the installation of the drill rod and the electric drilling machine is realized.
Preferably, the guide cylinder is a circular hollow cylinder body with two unsealed ends, the end part of the guide cylinder is provided with a blade ring, the inner wall of the guide cylinder is fixedly provided with a plurality of connecting columns, the number of the connecting columns is preferably 6, and the 6 connecting columns are welded on the front section, the middle section and the tail section of the drill rod and the cylinder wall in a distributed mode. By adopting the preferred technical scheme, the guide cylinder is a circular hollow cylinder body with two unsealed ends, soil bodies convenient to cut are sent out from the tail end of the guide cylinder along the threaded baffle, a blade ring is arranged at one end part close to the soil bodies, the rotary soil breaking is convenient to rotate, the guide effect is achieved, and the connecting columns are respectively welded at the front section, the middle section and the tail section of the cylinder wall, so that the connecting structure of the guide cylinder and the drill rod is more stable.
Preferably, the guide cylinder and the drill rod are coaxially arranged, the diameter of the drill rod is 1/3 of that of the guide cylinder, and the distance between the spiral baffle and the wall of the guide cylinder is 1-2mm.
Preferably, positioner is including setting up the laser positioner on electric drill and corresponding the photosensitive device who sets up trompil all around on the mold box, laser positioner lays four laser lamps on electric drill for the annular, photosensitive device lays the sensitization disk on the trompil circumference for corresponding the annular, and the position that the sensitization disk shines on the mold box according to the laser lamp is arranged, and the sensitization disk is used for receiving the laser that the laser lamp sent, plays the effect of drilling rod and trompil location. The laser lamp sends out and respectively has a laser about with the hole is parallel, and light location is to tunnel trompil's quarter circular arc boundary line department, adopts this preferred technical scheme, can be in the excavation process, and whether real-time supervision excavation route squints, if laser light skew preset position, then finely tune the direction of guide cylinder circle sword immediately to setting for the route, improves the precision of excavation to the at utmost, ensures that the excavation route is accurate.
A construction method of a tunnel excavation device for a tunnel model test comprises the following construction steps:
A. according to the survey data, calculating the similarity ratio of the tunnel model to obtain similar geometric dimensions and similar materials;
B. cutting tunnel holes according to design requirements and installing baffles;
C. after the model boxes are arranged, filling similar materials layer by layer according to requirements and compacting layer by layer;
D. after filling similar materials, covering a steel plate, and carrying out static pressure for 24 hours by using a jack to ensure that the filler is compacted;
E. after static pressure, disassembling a baffle, installing a drill rod on a lifting drilling machine device, starting a laser positioning device and a photosensitive device for positioning, keeping the center line of the drill rod to be superposed with the axis of the tunnel hole, and completing debugging of the device;
F. the method comprises the steps of excavating a tunnel, starting drilling, keeping constant-speed excavation, if a photosensitive device does not receive a signal in the tunneling process, indicating that the tunnel is excavated to a deviated design route, and returning to the design route by finely adjusting the direction of a guide cylinder ring edge, so that the accuracy of tunnel excavation is improved, the tunnel is stopped after reaching the set excavation depth, primary spray supporting is carried out, and tunnel settlement is prevented; sequentially and circularly excavating until the excavation is finished;
G. and (5) after excavation is finished, detaching the device.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. after the drilling rod passes the trompil, the guide cylinder of establishing through the drilling rod overcoat can be to the soil body that need handle not cutting, plays the effect of temporary lining surrounding rock, prevents that the tunnel from subsiding the emergence, improves the uniformity of experimental accuracy and test result, avoids installing a plurality of location section of thick bamboo in the model box in advance simultaneously, and it is more to cause the hole between the adjacent location section of thick bamboo, and the later stage is difficult to the problem of handling.
2. The spiral baffle is arranged on the drill rod main body, the spiral baffle is provided with a cutting edge, and the cut spiral baffle on the drill rod main body can not only cut up soil blocks, but also convey soil bodies to the outside of a tunnel hole along the baffle, so that a construction site is clean and construction in the next step is facilitated.
3. The drilling rod tip sets firmly the blade disc of quadrangular pyramid shape, and the cross-section of blade disc is cross, and the drill rod drives the blade disc rotation relatively in the most advanced of drilling rod tip setting among the prior art, and four cutting edges have been seted up to the blade disc, can promote the drilling rod to the cutting efficiency of the soil body, have accelerated the excavation progress greatly.
4. The drill rod is detachably arranged on the electric drilling machine, the position of the drill rod can be adjusted along with the change of the position of the tunnel model, the lifting drilling machine is used for providing rotary power required by soil excavation, and the advancing/retreating gear control device is provided with two gears for controlling the advancing or retreating of the drill rod and the guide cylinder, so that manual excavation is replaced, the labor is saved, and the working efficiency is improved to a great extent.
5. The guide cylinder is a circular hollow cylinder body with two unclosed ends, soil bodies convenient to cut are sent out from the tail end of the guide cylinder along the threaded baffle, a blade ring is arranged at one end part close to the soil bodies, the rotary soil breaking is convenient to rotate, the guide effect is achieved, and connecting columns are welded on the front section, the middle section and the tail section of the cylinder wall respectively, so that the connection structure of the guide cylinder and the drill rod is more stable.
6. In the excavation process, the sensitization disk is used for receiving the laser that the laser lamp sent, plays the effect of drilling rod and trompil location, and whether the real-time supervision excavation route squints, if laser light skew preset position, then finely tune the direction of direction cylinder circle sword immediately to setting for the route, improves the precision of excavation in the at utmost, ensures that the excavation route is accurate.
7. Simple structure makes things convenient for preparation and installation, and positioner is connected fixed mode simple with the proof box, and applicable most tunnel model proof box also can utilize after simple repacking for existing model proof box.
Drawings
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a tunnel excavation device for a tunnel model test according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the construction of the rig apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the construction of the guide cylinder according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the screw and cutter head of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the mold box of the present invention.
Reference numerals
The device comprises a model box (1), an opening (2), a baffle (3), a drill rod (4), a guide cylinder (5), a blade ring (501), a connecting column (502), a spiral baffle (6), a cutter head (7), a lifting drilling machine device (8), a drilling machine support (801), a lifting mechanism (802), an electric drilling machine (803), a crossed plum blossom-shaped interface (804), a laser positioning device (9) and a photosensitive device (10).
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, as generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, could be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present application without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention are usually placed in when used, and are only used for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements that are referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 5.
A tunnel model test tunnel excavation device comprises a model box 1 filled with similar materials inside, a positioning device and a drilling device, wherein the model box 1 is a non-capping cube box and comprises a test box frame and a transparent baffle 3 arranged on the test box frame, the model box 1 is filled with the similar materials, two cylindrical openings 2 are formed in opposite side plates on the model box 1, the positions of the cylindrical openings 2 are provided with the baffle 3 for blocking, the baffle is detachably connected to the side surface of the model test box, the installation position of the baffle is adjustable, the drilling device comprises a drill rod 4 capable of penetrating through the openings 2, the drill rod 4 is used for excavating a tunnel face, in order to improve the cutting efficiency of the drill rod 4 on a soil body, the excavation progress is greatly accelerated, a spiral baffle 6 is arranged on the drill rod 4 main body, a blade is formed on the spiral baffle 6, a quadrangular-cone-shaped cutter 7 is rigidly welded at the end part of the drill rod 4, the cross section of the cutter 7 is cross-shaped, the spiral baffle 3 and the cutter 7 with the blade formed on the drill rod 4 main body can not only cut soil blocks but also convey the baffle 3 to the outside a tunnel, so that the hole can be constructed cleanly along a construction site; in order to solve the problem that the tunnel that exists among the prior art sinks the error that leads to too big, can 4 external fixation cover of drilling rod is equipped with a guide cylinder 5, guide cylinder 5 plays the effect of temporary lining surrounding rock at the excavation in-process, prevents that the tunnel from subsiding and takes place.
In the above embodiment, the guide cylinder 5 is a circular hollow cylinder with two unclosed ends, the size of the guide cylinder 5 needs to be customized according to the actual size of a tunnel, the outer wall of the cylinder plays a role of temporarily lining surrounding rocks during excavation for soil bodies needing to be processed, tunnel settlement is prevented, the end portion of the cylinder is provided with the blade ring 501, the inner wall of the cylinder is fixedly provided with a plurality of connecting columns 502, the number of the connecting columns 502 is preferably 6, the 6 connecting columns 502 are welded at the front section, the middle section and the tail section of the drill rod 4 and the cylinder wall in a distributed manner, the guide cylinder 5 is a circular hollow cylinder with two unclosed ends, soil bodies which are convenient to cut are sent out from the tail end of the guide cylinder 5 along the threaded baffle 3, the blade ring 501 is arranged at one end portion close to the soil bodies, the rotary soil breaking function of guiding is convenient, the connecting columns 502 are welded at the front section, the middle section and the tail section of the cylinder wall respectively, and the connecting structure of the guide cylinder 5 and the drill rod 4 is more stable.
In the above embodiment, the guide cylinder 5 and the drill rod 4 are coaxially arranged, the diameter of the drill rod 4 is 1/3 of the diameter of the guide cylinder 5, and the distance between the spiral baffle 6 and the wall of the guide cylinder 5 is 1-2mm.
In the above embodiment, the distance between the cutter head 7 and the spiral baffle 3 and the inner wall of the cylinder body is 2mm.
In the above embodiment, the material of the baffle 3 may be selected according to actual requirements, and is preferably made of wood, steel, or the like.
In the above embodiment, the model test box is steel structure frame, adopts toughened glass baffle 3, can provide sufficient intensity and can conveniently observe the test process again, and model test box structural design can be used to most tunnel model tests, and the commonality is strong.
The specific implementation mode of the detachable connection of the baffle and the model box 1 is that a plurality of L-shaped fixed seats are symmetrically and fixedly arranged on two sides of the opening of the model box 1, and a horizontal baffle rod is arranged on each L-shaped fixed seat and used for pressing the baffle 3 on the opening 2 of the model box 1, so that the baffle and the opening 2 are sealed.
In the above embodiment, the lifting drilling machine device 8 is further included, the lifting drilling machine device 8 includes a drilling machine support 801, a lifting mechanism 802 and an electric drilling machine 803, the lifting mechanism 802 is a vertically arranged sliding rail, the electric drilling machine 803 can adjust the position of the electric drilling machine 803 up and down along the lifting mechanism 802 and lock the electric drilling machine 803, the interface of the electric drilling machine 803 is a cross plum blossom interface 804, the end of the drilling rod 4 is a cross connecting bolt, the cross plum blossom interface 804 is matched with the cross connecting bolt to enable the drilling rod 4 to be detachably installed on the electric drilling machine 803, so that the rotary power can be provided for excavating soil, the lifting drilling machine can provide rotary power for the drilling rod 4, is a mature prior art, the drilling rod 4 is detachably installed on the electric drilling machine 803, the position of the drilling rod 4 can be adjusted along with the change of the position of a tunnel model, the lifting drilling machine is used for providing rotary power required for excavating soil, and is provided with ' advancing/retreating ' two gear controls the advancing or retreating ' of the drilling rod 4 and the guiding cylinder 5, manual excavation is replaced, manpower is saved, and the working efficiency is greatly improved.
It should be noted that the lifting drilling machine is an existing public device, is not a creative point to be protected by the technical scheme of the present invention, and the working principle and the specific structure thereof are not described in detail in the present invention.
In the above embodiment, the positioning device includes a laser positioning device 9 disposed on the electric drilling machine 803 and a photosensitive device 10 correspondingly disposed around the opening 2 on the model box 1, the laser positioning device 9 is four laser lamps annularly disposed on the electric drilling machine 803, the photosensitive device 10 is a photosensitive wafer annularly disposed on the circumference of the opening 2, the photosensitive wafer is disposed according to a position on the model box 1 irradiated by the laser lamps, and the photosensitive wafer is used for receiving laser emitted by the laser lamps, so as to position the drill rod 4 and the opening 2. The distance interval between the adjacent photosensitive wafers is a quarter circular arc, the laser lamps emit laser beams which are parallel to the holes and are respectively arranged at the upper side, the lower side, the left side and the right side of the holes, the light beams are positioned to the quarter circular arc boundary line of the tunnel opening 2, whether the excavation path deviates can be monitored in real time in the excavation process, if the laser beams deviate from the preset position, the direction of the 5 ring edges of the guide cylinder is immediately finely adjusted to the set path, the excavation precision is improved to the maximum degree, and the accuracy of the excavation path is ensured.
A construction method of a tunnel model test tunnel excavation device comprises the following construction steps:
A. according to the survey data, calculating the similarity ratio of the tunnel model to obtain similar geometric dimensions and similar materials;
B. cutting tunnel holes according to design requirements and installing a baffle 3;
C. filled with a similar material. Sealing the open pore 2 of the model box 1 by using a baffle 3, and filling and paving prepared similar materials layer by layer and compacting the materials;
D. after the similar materials are filled, a jack is used for jacking the top plate of the die mould box 1 for 24 hours, so that the similar materials reach a stable state;
E. debugging an excavation device, after similar materials are stable, starting to install a lifting drilling machine device 8, and moving an electric drilling machine 803 machine body up and down to ensure that the electric drilling machine 803 can be adjusted according to the position of the opening 2 on the model box 1; starting the electric drilling machine 803, selecting a gear of the electric drilling machine 803 according to the set excavation speed, and providing sufficient excavation power for the guide cylinder 5 and the auger stem 4; fixing the welded customized guide cylinder 5 and the spiral drill rod 4 at the interface of the drilling machine through a cross connecting bolt, and ensuring that the central axes of the drilling machine, the drill rod 4, the guide cylinder 5 and the cutter head 7 are superposed at the moment; the distance between the cutter head 7 and the spiral baffle 3 and the cylinder wall is about 2mm; the circle of edges of the guide cylinder 5 is tightly attached to the hole of the model box 1, the height of the electric drilling machine 803 is adjusted at the same time, the auger stem 4, the guide cylinder 5 and the axis of the tunnel hole are overlapped, a laser lamp is turned on, the photosensitive wafer is attached to the position of the light on the model box 1, and the debugging of the device is finished;
F. and (3) excavating the tunnel, starting a lifting drilling machine device 8, rotationally excavating along the hole by the circle of blades of the guide cylinder 5 under the excavating power provided by the electric drilling machine 803, simultaneously cutting soil in the guide cylinder 5 by the cutter head 7, conveying the soil out of the tunnel opening 2 through the spiral baffle 3, and cutting up the soil blocks cut by the cutter head 7 again and conveying out. If the photosensitive wafer is not bright in the tunneling process, the deviated design route of tunnel excavation is indicated, the large-motion lifting drilling machine is forbidden, the design route is returned by finely adjusting the direction of the 5-ring edge of the guide cylinder, and the accuracy of tunnel excavation is greatly improved. When the excavation reaches the set footage, the motor is suspended, primary supporting is carried out in time at the stage of excavation to prevent tunnel settlement, at the moment, the wall of the guide cylinder 5 supports surrounding rocks by the temporary lining of the excavation section, the error of tunnel settlement is reduced to the maximum extent, the excavation supporting is circulated to the tunnel excavation, and the excavation is efficient, safe and convenient.
G. And (5) after excavation is finished, detaching the device.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the specific embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical idea of the present application, several changes and modifications can be made, which are all within the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. A tunnel model test tunnel excavation device comprises a model box (1) filled with similar materials inside, a positioning device and a drilling device, and is characterized in that two openings (2) are formed in opposite side plates of the model box (1), the drilling device comprises a drill rod (4) capable of penetrating through the openings (2), a guide cylinder (5) is fixedly sleeved outside the drill rod (4), and the guide cylinder (5) is used for temporarily lining surrounding rocks to prevent tunnel settlement; the guide cylinder (5) is a circular hollow cylinder body with two unclosed ends, the end part of the guide cylinder is provided with a blade ring (501), the inner wall of the guide cylinder is fixedly provided with 6 connecting columns (502), and the guide cylinder (5) is welded with the drill rod (4) through the connecting columns (502); 6 connecting columns (502) are respectively welded on the front section, the middle section and the tail section of the drill rod (4) and the cylinder wall.
2. The tunnel excavation device for the tunnel model test according to claim 1, wherein a spiral baffle (6) is arranged on the drill rod (4) body, and a cutting edge is formed on the spiral baffle (6).
3. The tunnel excavation device for the tunnel model test according to claim 2, wherein a quadrangular pyramid-shaped cutter head (7) is fixedly arranged at the end of the drill rod (4).
4. The tunnel model test tunnel excavation device of claim 1, further comprising a lifting drilling machine device (8), wherein the lifting drilling machine device (8) comprises a drilling machine support (801), a lifting mechanism (802) and an electric drilling machine (803), the electric drilling machine (803) can adjust the position of the electric drilling machine (803) up and down along the lifting mechanism (802) and lock the electric drilling machine, and the drill rod (4) is detachably mounted on the electric drilling machine (803) and can provide rotating power for the drill rod (4).
5. The tunnel excavation device for the tunnel model test according to claim 4, wherein the interface of the electric drilling machine (803) is a cross plum blossom interface (804), the end of the drill rod (4) is a cross connecting bolt, and the cross plum blossom interface and the cross connecting bolt are matched to enable the drill rod (4) to be meshed and connected with the electric drilling machine (803).
6. The tunnel excavation device for the tunnel model test according to claim 1, wherein the guide cylinder (5) and the drill rod (4) are coaxially arranged, the diameter of the drill rod (4) is 1/3 of the diameter of the guide cylinder (5), and the distance between the spiral baffle plate (6) and the wall of the guide cylinder (5) is 1-2mm.
7. The tunnel model test tunnel excavation device of claim 1, characterized in that, the positioner includes laser positioner (9) that sets up on electric drill (803) and corresponds photosensitive device (10) that sets up around trompil (2) on mold box (1).
8. A construction method of a tunnel excavation device for a tunnel model test comprises the following construction steps:
A. according to the survey data, calculating the similarity ratio of the tunnel model to obtain similar geometric dimensions and similar materials;
B. cutting tunnel holes according to design requirements and installing a baffle (3);
C. after the model boxes (1) are arranged, filling similar materials in layers according to requirements and compacting layer by layer;
D. after filling similar materials, covering a steel plate, and carrying out static pressure for 24 hours by using a jack to ensure that the filling materials are compacted;
E. the baffle (3) is disassembled after static pressure, the drill rod (4) is installed on a lifting drilling machine device (8), a laser positioning device (9) and a photosensitive device (10) are started to be positioned, the center line of the drill rod (4) is kept to be coincident with the axis of the tunnel hole, and the device is debugged;
F. excavating a tunnel, starting drilling, keeping constant-speed excavation, stopping when reaching an excavation set advance rule, and performing primary injection support to prevent tunnel settlement; sequentially and circularly excavating until the excavation is finished;
G. and (5) after excavation is finished, detaching the device.
9. The construction method of the tunnel model test tunnel excavation device according to claim 8, wherein during the tunneling process, if the photosensitive device (10) is found not to receive the signal, the tunnel excavation deviates from the designed route, and at the moment, the direction of the edge ring (501) at the end of the guide cylinder (5) is finely adjusted to enable the designed route to return, so that the accuracy of the tunnel excavation is improved.
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| CN101446798A (en) * | 2007-11-26 | 2009-06-03 | 北京美联华新测控技术有限公司 | Method and device for fabricating transient 3D image |
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| CN104389583B (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2016-11-02 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of five drill auger miners creep into declination control Apparatus and method for |
| CN111764888B (en) * | 2020-07-01 | 2021-03-16 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Visual device for simulating tunnel excavation |
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