CN113718093B - High-speed impact large-area preparation of amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coating and preparation process thereof - Google Patents

High-speed impact large-area preparation of amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coating and preparation process thereof Download PDF

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CN113718093B
CN113718093B CN202111033855.0A CN202111033855A CN113718093B CN 113718093 B CN113718093 B CN 113718093B CN 202111033855 A CN202111033855 A CN 202111033855A CN 113718093 B CN113718093 B CN 113718093B
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plate
composite coating
amorphous
nanocrystalline composite
substrate
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CN113718093A (en
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谢吉林
陈玉华
张体明
王善林
尹立孟
王刚
黄永德
张丽萍
魏明炜
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Nanchang Hangkong University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
    • C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
    • C21D7/06—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by shot-peening or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/18—After-treatment

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material modification, and provides a high-speed impact large-area preparation amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coating and a preparation process thereof, wherein the preparation process comprises the following steps: s1, selecting a base plate and a flying plate; s2, carrying out acid washing and polishing on the surface of the substrate to remove the surface oxide film; and S3, arranging the flying plates below and the substrate above, starting the electromagnetic pulse device to enable current to pass through the electromagnetic coil to generate electromagnetic force, enabling the flying plates to impact the substrate, and enabling the flying plates to generate deformation to form the amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coating. The method realizes the reliable connection of the dissimilar materials of the fly plate and the substrate by utilizing the high-speed impact technology, can effectively inhibit the formation of IMC, improves the surface hardness of the material, obtains the composite coating with high bonding strength and no holes and cracks, can improve the content of the nanocrystalline in the composite coating by adjusting the impact speed and the angle of the fly plate, and further improves the performance of the composite coating.

Description

High-speed impact large-area preparation of amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coating and preparation process thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material modification, and provides a high-speed impact large-area amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coating and a preparation process thereof.
Background
The amorphous alloy has the characteristics of high strength, high hardness, good toughness, good wear resistance and corrosion resistance and the like, and also has good high magnetic conductivity, good magnetism and other excellent material properties, so that the amorphous alloy is widely concerned by researchers at home and abroad, but the amorphous alloy has poor plasticity and is easy to crystallize in the preparation process, so that the amorphous purity is insufficient. At present, the preparation of large-area amorphous is very difficult, so the application of amorphous alloy is generally expanded by preparing an amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coating on the surface of a metal substrate.
The high-speed impact technology is a fast, reliable and economical material solid phase connection technology. When the two plates collide at high speed at a suitable collision angle, the metal deforms to form a jet. At the collision point, the impact stress is greater than the yield stress of the metal, and the jet will propagate along the interface, clearing the oxide layer on the metal surface, leaving two atomically clean surfaces, thereby achieving a reliable connection. This very high impact force enables the surface atoms to come into direct contact, thereby forming a strong metallic bond. The collision process is usually accompanied with severe plastic deformation and mechanical alloying, the severe plastic deformation can cause the ordered structure of the material to be damaged, disordered amorphous is formed, and the amorphous can be crystallized under the action of plastic deformation heat to form fine nano-scale grains. The formation of the amorphous and the nanocrystalline is directly related to the plastic deformation behavior, and the plastic deformation behavior of the material can be effectively regulated and controlled by changing the impact process so as to change the composition of the amorphous and the nanocrystalline.
Efficient use of resources and energy is one of the major challenges facing modern industrial production and product design, and there is an increasing demand for composite materials. However, since the physical properties of dissimilar materials are greatly different, composition segregation is easily formed and brittle IMC is generated in the connection process, which seriously affects the material properties, and in recent years, researchers at home and abroad have made some achievements and progress in forming an amorphous composite coating with excellent properties on the metal surface by using the technologies such as arc spraying, laser cladding and the like. However, when the power of the high-energy beam is low, the composition of the composite coating is not uniform, so that the amorphous formation is not facilitated; when the power is higher, the dilution rate of the composite coating is too high, crystal grains are easy to grow, and the content of the nano-crystals is reduced. Meanwhile, under the influence of an alloy system, the amorphous forming rules are different under different alloy systems, which brings great inconvenience to the process window for preparing the amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coating. Due to the large heat input, canLeading the matrix material to generate crystal grain growth, forming coarse crystal and reducing the overall performance of the material. The high-speed impact technology is a solid phase connection technology, and because the impact force is large and the impact time is short, the interface has insufficient cooling time while local melting occurs, so that crystal grains can not grow normally, and amorphous is formed. In many related studies it has been demonstrated that thin molten layers at the interface have cooling rates in excess of 106K/s (explosive welding can reach 10)6～107K/s) and there is not enough time for atom migration and diffusion to occur, resulting in the formation of a long-range disordered amorphous structure. Therefore, the invention provides a preparation process for preparing an amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coating in a large area by high-speed impact.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-speed impact large-area amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coating and a preparation process thereof, aiming at the defects of the prior art, the high-speed impact technology can be utilized to realize the reliable connection of dissimilar materials, simultaneously can effectively inhibit the formation of IMC (intrinsic mechanical properties), can effectively eliminate the defects of cracks, air holes and the like formed in the high-energy beam cladding or thermal spraying process, and is simple in process, large in preparation area, high in efficiency and suitable for practical production application.
One of the purposes of the invention is to provide a preparation process for preparing an amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coating in a large area by high-speed impact, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a base plate and a flying plate: the thickness of the substrate is more than or equal to 3mm and less than 10mm, and the thickness of the flying plate is more than 0.2mm and less than 1 mm; the flying plate is also provided with a through hole with the diameter less than 0.5 mm;
s2, carrying out acid washing and polishing on the surface of the substrate to remove the surface oxide film, cleaning with absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying;
and S3, arranging the fly plates below and the substrate above, starting the electromagnetic pulse device to enable current to pass through the electromagnetic coil to generate electromagnetic force, changing the speed and the angle of the fly plates impacting the substrate by changing the discharge energy and the initial spacing of the electromagnetic pulse device to enable the fly plates to impact the substrate at high speed, and enabling the fly plates to deform, so that the fly plates and the substrate are connected to form the amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coating.
Preferably, in S1, the substrate is one of a titanium plate, a steel plate, and a copper plate.
Preferably, in S1, the flying board is one of an aluminum board and a magnesium board.
Preferably, in S2, the acid-washing solution is HF or HNO3And H2O mixed solution, wherein the mass fraction of HF is 75%, and HNO3Is 68 percent.
Preferably, in S2, the HF: HNO3：H2The volume ratio of O is 1:3: 5.
Preferably, in S2, the grinding mode is 400-mesh or smaller sand paper grinding.
Preferably, in S2, the roughness of the finish is higher than ra 6.3.
Preferably, in S3, the electromagnetic pulse device has a discharge energy of 24-30kJ, an initial interval of 1.2-1.8mm, and a pulse current frequency of 23.4 kHz.
The other purpose of the invention is to provide the amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coating prepared by the preparation process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention realizes the reliable connection of the composite coating and the base material by utilizing the high-speed impact technology, can effectively inhibit the formation of interface IMC when the composite coating and the base material are connected, can effectively eliminate the defects of cracks, air holes and the like formed in the high-energy beam cladding or thermal spraying process, improves the surface hardness of the material, and obtains the composite coating without holes, cracks and fine grains.
2. The invention has simple process, large preparation area and high efficiency, and is suitable for practical production application.
3. The invention can realize the content of the nanocrystalline in the amorphous composite coating by adjusting the impact process, thereby improving the performance of the composite coating.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a bright field image and an electron diffraction spectrum of a diffusion layer of an amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coating prepared according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a high resolution image of nanocrystals prepared in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the present invention can perform the amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coating preparation process as long as the present invention meets the parameter settings that the electromagnetic pulse device described in the present application can achieve, wherein HF is a concentrated hydrofluoric acid solution, HNO3For concentrated nitric acid solutions, the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, as the various materials, reagents, equipment and equipment used in the following examples of the present invention may be commercially available or prepared by conventional methods unless otherwise specifically indicated.
Example 1
A preparation process for preparing an amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coating in a large area by high-speed impact comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a base plate and a flying plate: the thickness of the titanium plate is 5mm, the thickness of the aluminum plate is 0.5mm, and the aluminum plate is also provided with a through hole with the diameter of 0.3 mm;
s2, adopting HF with the mass fraction of 75% and HNO with the mass fraction of 68% on the surface of the titanium plate3And H2Pickling the mixed solution with the volume ratio of O being 1:3:5, polishing the surface with sand paper with the granularity of less than 400 meshes, wherein the roughness of the polished surface is higher than Ra6.3, polishing to remove an oxide film on the surface, cleaning with absolute ethyl alcohol with the volume fraction of 75%, and drying at room temperature;
s3, clamping an electromagnetic pulse device with an aluminum plate below and a titanium plate above, taking the aluminum plate as a flying plate and the titanium plate as a substrate, starting the electromagnetic pulse device to enable a pulse current to flow through an electromagnetic coil to generate electromagnetic force, wherein the discharge energy of the electromagnetic pulse device is 24kJ, the initial interval is 1.2mm, the frequency of the pulse current is 23.4kHz, when the aluminum plate impacts the titanium plate, the discharge energy generated by the electromagnetic force enables the aluminum plate to generate airflow difference in the high-speed impact process when impacting the titanium plate, the aluminum plate is inclined reversely between intervals of 1.2mm to generate an angle to impact the titanium plate, so that the aluminum plate is deformed, and the aluminum plate and the titanium plate are connected by different materials to form an amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coating.
The ultra-fine grains may be formed by dynamic plastic recrystallization caused by rapid cooling or severe plastic deformation of the liquid jet metal. The fine equiaxed grains formed in the present invention are due to the local melting of the aluminum alloy at the interface after the high-speed collision. The bright field image and the electron diffraction spectrum SAED image of the diffusion layer are shown in fig. 1, and a large number of nanocrystals can be seen in the bright field image, and the SAED pattern is a broadened diffraction ring, which is an amorphous form of metal, and the broadening of the diffraction ring is caused by the formation of small nano-polycrystalline grains.
FIG. 2 is a high resolution image of the nanocrystals observed in FIG. 1, and as can be seen in FIG. 2, several nanocrystals agglomerate and exist in amorphous portions, illustrating the presence of amorphousness; the local temperature rise of the Al/Ti interface during high-speed collision leads to the formation of an amorphous state due to the extremely short collision time and the extremely fast cooling rate. However, because of the low thermal conductivity of titanium alloy, recrystallization grain growth occurs in a part of the region, and the system energy is in an unstable state due to the release of strain energy, resulting in the formation of a part of nanocrystals.
Example 2
A preparation process for preparing an amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coating in a large area by high-speed impact comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a base plate and a flying plate: the thickness of the titanium plate is 3mm, the thickness of the aluminum plate is 0.2mm, and the aluminum plate is also provided with a through hole with the diameter of 0.1 mm;
s2, adopting HF with the mass fraction of 75% and HNO with the mass fraction of 68% on the surface of the titanium plate3And H2Pickling with mixed solution of O in the volume ratio of 1:3:5, polishing with 400-mesh sand paper to obtain surface with roughness higher than Ra6.3, and removing surfaceWashing the surface oxidation film by using 75% volume fraction absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying at room temperature;
s3, clamping an electromagnetic pulse device with an aluminum plate below and a titanium plate above, taking the aluminum plate as a flying plate and the titanium plate as a substrate, starting the electromagnetic pulse device to enable a pulse current to flow through an electromagnetic coil to generate electromagnetic force, wherein the discharge energy of the electromagnetic pulse device is 30kJ, the initial interval is 1.8mm, the frequency of the pulse current is 23.4kHz, when the aluminum plate impacts the titanium plate, the discharge energy generated by the electromagnetic force enables the aluminum plate to generate airflow difference in the high-speed impact process when impacting the titanium plate, the aluminum plate is inclined reversely between the intervals of 1.8mm to generate an angle to impact the titanium plate, so that the aluminum plate is deformed, and the aluminum plate and the titanium plate are connected by different materials to form an amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coating.
The experiment proves that the characterization data of the amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coating obtained in the embodiment has no substantive difference from that of the embodiment 1.
Example 3
A preparation process for preparing an amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coating in a large area by high-speed impact comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a base plate and a flying plate: the thickness of the substrate is 9mm, the thickness of the flying plate is 0.8mm, and a through hole with the diameter of 0.4mm is also processed on the flying plate;
s2, adopting HF with the mass fraction of 75% and HNO with the mass fraction of 68% on the surface of the steel plate3And H2Pickling the mixed solution with the volume ratio of O being 1:3:5, polishing the surface with sand paper with the granularity of less than 400 meshes, wherein the roughness of the polished surface is higher than Ra6.3, polishing to remove an oxide film on the surface, cleaning with absolute ethyl alcohol with the volume fraction of 75%, and drying at room temperature;
s3, clamping an electromagnetic pulse device with an aluminum plate below and a steel plate above, taking the aluminum plate as a flying plate and the steel plate as a substrate, starting the electromagnetic pulse device to enable pulse current to flow through an electromagnetic coil to generate electromagnetic force, wherein the discharge energy of the electromagnetic pulse device is 30kJ, the initial distance is 1.8mm, the pulse current frequency is 23.4kHz, when the aluminum plate impacts the steel plate, the discharge energy generated by the electromagnetic force enables the aluminum plate to impact the steel plate, the aluminum plate generates air flow difference in the high-speed impact process, the aluminum plate is inclined reversely between the distances of 1.8mm to generate an angle to impact the steel plate, the aluminum plate generates a large amount of deformation, and the aluminum plate and the steel plate are connected by different materials to form an amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coating.
Example 4
A preparation process for preparing an amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coating in a large area by high-speed impact comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a base plate and a flying plate: the thickness of the steel plate is 7mm, the thickness of the magnesium plate is 0.3mm, and a through hole with the diameter of 0.1mm is also processed on the magnesium plate;
s2, adopting HF with the mass fraction of 75% and HNO with the mass fraction of 68% on the surface of the titanium plate3And H2Pickling the mixed solution with the volume ratio of O being 1:3:5, polishing the surface with sand paper with the granularity of less than 400 meshes, wherein the roughness of the polished surface is higher than Ra6.3, polishing to remove an oxide film on the surface, cleaning with absolute ethyl alcohol with the volume fraction of 75%, and drying at room temperature;
s3, clamping an electromagnetic pulse device with a magnesium plate below and a steel plate above, taking the magnesium plate as a flying plate and the steel plate as a substrate, starting the electromagnetic pulse device to enable a pulse current to flow through an electromagnetic coil to generate electromagnetic force, wherein the discharge energy of the electromagnetic pulse device is 30kJ, the initial interval is 1.8mm, the frequency of the pulse current is 23.4kHz, when the magnesium plate impacts the steel plate due to the discharge energy generated by the electromagnetic force, the magnesium plate generates airflow difference in the high-speed impact process, the magnesium plate is inclined in the interval of 1.8mm, an angle impact steel plate is generated, and the speed and the angle of the magnesium plate impacting the steel plate are changed; after the magnesium plate impacts the steel plate at a high speed, the magnesium plate generates a large amount of deformation, and the magnesium plate and the steel plate are connected by dissimilar materials to form an amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coating.
The experiment proves that the characterization data of the amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coating obtained in the embodiment has no substantive difference from that of the embodiment 1.
Example 5
A preparation process for preparing an amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coating in a large area by high-speed impact comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a base plate and a flying plate: the thickness of the copper plate is 5mm, the thickness of the aluminum plate is 0.5mm, and the aluminum plate is also provided with a through hole with the diameter of 0.3 mm;
s2, adopting HF with the mass fraction of 75% and HNO with the mass fraction of 68% on the surface of the copper plate3And H2Pickling the mixed solution with the volume ratio of O being 1:3:5, polishing the surface with sand paper with the granularity of less than 400 meshes, wherein the roughness of the polished surface is higher than Ra6.3, polishing to remove an oxide film on the surface, cleaning with absolute ethyl alcohol with the volume fraction of 75%, and drying at room temperature;
s3, clamping an aluminum plate on an electromagnetic pulse device in a mode that the aluminum plate is arranged below and the copper plate is arranged above, using the aluminum plate as a flying plate and the copper plate as a substrate, starting the electromagnetic pulse device to enable pulse current to flow through an electromagnetic coil to generate electromagnetic force, wherein the discharge energy of the electromagnetic pulse device is 24kJ, the initial distance is 1.2mm, the pulse current frequency is 23.4kHz, when the aluminum plate impacts the copper plate at high speed, the discharge energy generated by the electromagnetic force enables the aluminum plate to generate air flow difference in the high-speed impact process, the aluminum plate is inclined reversely between the distances of 1.2mm to generate an angle to impact the copper plate, the aluminum plate generates a large amount of deformation, and the purpose that the dissimilar materials are connected to form the amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coating is achieved.
The experiment proves that the characterization data of the amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coating obtained in the embodiment has no substantive difference from that of the embodiment 2.
It should be noted that, when the present invention relates to a numerical range, it should be understood that two endpoints of each numerical range and any value between the two endpoints can be selected, and since the steps and methods adopted are the same as those in the embodiment, in order to prevent redundancy, the present invention describes a preferred embodiment. While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims (7)

1. A preparation process for preparing an amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coating in a large area by high-speed impact is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting a base plate and a flying plate: the thickness of the substrate is more than or equal to 3mm and less than 10mm, and the thickness of the flying plate is more than 0.2mm and less than 1 mm; the flying plate is also provided with a through hole with the diameter less than 0.5 mm; the flying plate is one of an aluminum plate and a magnesium plate;
s2, carrying out acid washing and polishing on the surface of the substrate to remove the surface oxide film, cleaning with absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying;
s3, arranging the flyplates below and the base plate above, starting the electromagnetic pulse device to enable current to pass through the electromagnetic coil to generate electromagnetic force, changing the speed and the angle of the flyplates impacting the base plate by changing the discharge energy and the initial spacing of the electromagnetic pulse device to enable the flyplates to impact the base plate, and enabling the flyplates to deform, so that the flyplates and the base plate are connected to form the amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coating; the discharge energy of the electromagnetic pulse equipment is 24-30kJ, the initial interval is 1.2-1.8mm, and the pulse current frequency is 23.4 kHz.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein in S1, the substrate is one of a titanium plate, a steel plate and a copper plate.
3. The process for preparing the amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coating with high-speed impact large area according to claim 2, wherein in S2, the acid-washing solution is HF and HNO3And H2O mixed solution, wherein the mass fraction of HF is 75 percent, and HNO3Is 68 percent.
4. The process for preparing the amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coating with high-speed impact large area according to claim 3, wherein the mixed solution HF: HNO3：H2The volume ratio of O is 1:3:5。
5. The process according to claim 4, wherein in S2, the grinding mode is sand paper grinding with a grain size of 400 meshes or less.
6. The process for preparing the amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coating with high-speed impact large area according to claim 5, wherein in S2, the roughness of the grinding is higher than Ra6.3.
7. The preparation process of claim 1 for preparing amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coating.
CN202111033855.0A 2021-09-03 2021-09-03 High-speed impact large-area preparation of amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coating and preparation process thereof Active CN113718093B (en)

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US6689453B2 (en) * 1998-11-24 2004-02-10 Research Foundation Of State University Of New York Articles with nanocomposite coatings
CN1377737A (en) * 2002-05-08 2002-11-06 华北电力大学（北京） Forming process for super fine crystal and nano crystal coating
US7301123B2 (en) * 2004-04-29 2007-11-27 U.I.T., L.L.C. Method for modifying or producing materials and joints with specific properties by generating and applying adaptive impulses a normalizing energy thereof and pauses therebetween
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