CN113712131A - 一种节能减排型蛋鸡饲料添加剂 - Google Patents
一种节能减排型蛋鸡饲料添加剂 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/189—Enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/28—Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/51—Bifidobacterium
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
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- Microbiology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
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Abstract
一种节能减排型蛋鸡饲料添加剂,属于饲料添加剂的技术领域。包括(按重量份计):植酸酶1份、复合酸化剂5份、益生菌10份(乳杆菌和双歧杆菌各5份)、异麦芽低聚糖10份、非淀粉多糖复合酶5份、膨润土14份。本发明采用复合营养调控技术,全方位提高蛋鸡健康水平和钙磷等利用率,增加蛋壳厚度和蛋壳强度,降低鸡蛋损失成本,缓解产蛋率下降,增加蛋重,提高蛋鸡生产性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于饲料添加剂的技术领域,具体涉及一种节能减排型蛋鸡饲料添加剂。
背景技术
作为一个全球性话题,粮食安全受到国际社会的广泛关注应当说由来已久。早在1976年,联合国粮农组织(FAO)在第一次世界粮食首脑会议上就向全球敲响警钟,首次提出了“食物安全”问题。然而,无论是以国际组织所祈盼的目标来裁减还是实践所收获的效果来衡量,目前全球粮食安全依然没有解除危机,甚至某些指标还在恶化。
我国是人口大国,拥有14亿人口,现用世界上7%的土地养活20%的人口,很显然粮食的压力非常大,中国生产出来的粮食不容浪费。与此同时,秉持“绿水青山就是金山银山”、“坚持人与自然和谐共生”的理念,坚持节约资源和保护环境,推进生态文明建设迈上新台阶,把绿水青山建得更美,把金山银山做得更大,让绿色成为发展最动人的色彩。为此,充分利用好粮食,减少浪费,特别是作为粮食消费主体的养殖业更要进一步提高养殖过程中对饲料的利用率,以降低排放量。
鉴于此,特提出本发明申请。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对上述现有技术的不足,设计一种节能减排型蛋鸡饲料添加剂,属于饲料添加剂领域。
上述解决蛋鸡节能减排饲料添加剂原料包括(按重量份计):
植酸酶0.8-1.2份,复合酸化剂4-6份,益生菌8-12份,异麦芽低聚糖8-12 份,非淀粉多糖复合酶4-6份,膨润土12-16份
进一步地,植酸酶1份、复合酸化剂5份、益生菌10份(乳杆菌和双歧杆菌各5份)、异麦芽低聚糖10份、非淀粉多糖复合酶5份、膨润土14份。
进一步地,植酸酶1份中含900U植酸酶。
更进一步地,复合酸化剂含甲酸、乳酸、丙酸、丁酸和缓冲体系,分别占复合酸化剂重量份的1/5,采用微囊型包被而成。
更进一步地,乳杆菌和双歧杆菌各含1×1010CFU。
更进一步地,非淀粉多糖复合酶含有等量的纤维素酶、半纤维素酶(包括阿拉伯木聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶和甘露聚糖酶等)和果胶酶。
本发明的基本原理和思路:
首先使用植酸酶以降低甚至消除饲料中植酸的负面影响,从而降低其对蛋白质利用的影响,同时促使其释放出较多的磷供蛋鸡吸收和利用;
再使用酸化剂和益生菌,利用两者间的协同效应,改善上消化道的微环境,在抑制有害菌的同时促进有益菌的繁殖;
再使用异麦芽低聚糖为益生菌提供能量,促使其更好地繁殖,成为绝对的优势菌群;
使用非淀粉多糖(NSP)酶降低甚至消除抗营养因子对玉米等能量饲料营养价值的影响,从而更好地达到节能减排的目的;
最后,发挥膨润土的吸附作用,减少甚至消除饲料中的毒素和有害菌。
具体的:
本发明中乳杆菌具有调节肠道菌群、增强免疫力、保护胃黏膜、改善肠道功能、通便、防治腹泻、促进消化等作用。不仅如此,乳杆菌还存在于蛋鸡的生殖道,对调节输卵管健康具有重要作用。双歧杆菌为小肠和大肠的主要益生菌。乳杆菌和双歧杆菌在肠道的数量庞大,相互之间具有协同作用,通过维护整个胃肠道的微生态平衡,起到促进机体健康的作用。
异麦芽低聚糖进入大肠作为双歧杆菌的增殖因子,能有效地促进人体内有益细菌--双歧杆菌的生长繁殖,抑制大肠杆菌等病原微生物的生长,被称为“双歧因子”,也可以促进肠道乳酸菌的增殖,提高营养物质的吸收率,特别是对钙、铁、锌离子的吸收。双歧杆菌和乳杆菌代谢产生的低能脂肪酸可以降低pH值,因而大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌等受到低pH的抑制。
非淀粉多糖复合酶中的纤维素酶、半纤维素酶(包括阿拉伯木聚糖酶、β- 葡聚糖酶和甘露聚糖酶等)和果胶酶可以消除抗营养因子对玉米营养价值的影响。
膨润土具有给霉菌毒素脱毒的功效,能提高饲料利用率的主要原因在于膨润土具有很强的吸附性,能延缓食物在动物消化道内的通过。
本发明采用复合营养调控技术,全方位提高蛋鸡健康水平和钙磷等利用率,增加蛋壳厚度和蛋壳强度,降低鸡蛋损失成本,缓解产蛋率下降,增加蛋重,提高蛋鸡生产性能。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,事实上,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
组分配比
本发明节能减排型蛋鸡饲料添加剂含植酸酶1份、复合酸化剂5份、乳杆菌和双歧杆菌各5份、异麦芽低聚糖10份、非淀粉多糖复合酶5份、膨润土14份 (按重量份计)。其中植酸酶1份中含有900U植酸酶;复合酸化剂含甲酸、乳酸、丙酸、丁酸和缓冲体系,分别占其中的1/5,采用微囊型包被而成;乳杆菌和双歧杆菌各1×1010CFU。
值得说明的是,微囊型包被酸制剂稳定性好,可分段释放,如在胃中释放20%,小肠中释放55%-65%。
试验设计:将试验分成2个处理组,分别为对照组和试验组,其中对照组使用蛋鸡饲养标准和海兰褐蛋鸡饲养标准配制饲粮,其营养水平见表1,试验组代谢能由11.5MJ/kg降至11.01MJ/kg,将粗蛋白质水平由16.5%降至15%,钙由3.5%降至3.0%,有效磷由0.39%降至0.28%(表2),其他营养物质含量(包括矿物元素和维生素)均相同。
使用以上2种饲料饲喂50周龄的海兰褐蛋鸡,每组6个重复,每个重复30 只蛋鸡,预试期6天,正试期6周,每周记录产蛋数、采食量和死淘数,在正试期的第6周末每个重复随机取1只鸡,用于开展代谢试验,试验采用全收粪法,试验结束后将鸡粪混合均匀后采用1/4法取鸡粪样,60℃烘干至恒重,用于测定鸡粪中的营养物质含量,计算饲料利用率。
随后,将试验鸡屠宰,取盲肠食糜,用于测定大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和乳酸菌含量。在饲养试验结束时,每个重复随机取5个鸡蛋(剔除沙壳蛋、软壳蛋),用于测定蛋品质。结果用SPSS18.0进行方差分析,采用独立样本t检验进行平均值的比较。结果以平均数±标准差表示。
表1对照组试验鸡饲粮组成和营养水平
组成 | 含量(%) | 项目 | 营养水平(%) |
玉米 | 60.8 | 代谢能(MJ/kg) | 11.5 |
豆粕 | 26.45 | 粗蛋白质 | 16.5 |
磷酸氢钙 | 1.19 | 钙 | 3.5 |
食盐 | 0.3 | 总磷 | 0.6 |
豆油 | 1.5 | 有效磷 | 0.39 |
蛋氨酸 | 0.1 | 赖氨酸 | 0.85 |
氯化胆碱 | 0.16 | 蛋氨酸 | 0.35 |
石粉 | 8.5 | ||
预混料<sup>1)</sup> | 1 | ||
合计 | 100 |
注:1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供VA 7 500IU,VD3 2 500IU,VE 35mg,VK3 1mg,VB11.5mg,VB2 4mg, VB6 2mg,VB12 0.02mg,烟酸30mg,叶酸0.55mg,泛酸10mg,生物素0.16mg,氯化胆碱420mg,锰30mg,铁60mg,铜6mg,锌45mg,硒0.3mg,碘0.4mg。
表2试验组试验鸡饲粮组成和营养水平
组成 | 含量(%) | 项目 | 营养水平(%) |
玉米 | 62.08 | 代谢能(MJ/kg) | 11.01 |
豆粕 | 19.9 | 粗蛋白质 | 15 |
磷酸氢钙 | 0.66 | 钙 | 3.0 |
食盐 | 0.3 | 总磷 | 0.52 |
小麦麸 | 8.15 | 有效磷 | 0.28 |
蛋氨酸 | 0.15 | 赖氨酸 | 0.72 |
氯化胆碱 | 0.16 | 蛋氨酸 | 0.37 |
石粉 | 7.6 | ||
预混料<sup>2)</sup> | 1 | ||
合计 | 100 |
注:2)预混料为每千克饲粮提供VA 7 500IU,VD3 2 500IU,VE 35mg,VK3 1mg,VB11.5mg,VB2 4mg,VB6 2mg,VB12 0.02mg,烟酸30mg,叶酸0.55mg,泛酸10mg,生物素0.16mg,氯化胆碱420mg,锰30mg,铁60mg,铜6mg,锌45mg,硒0.3mg,碘0.4mg。
结果与分析:
1、不同饲粮处理对蛋鸡生产性能的影响
由表3可以看出,试验组和对照组鸡的产蛋率、死淘率和平均蛋重均较为接近,两组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。总体上,试验组鸡的产蛋率和平均蛋重均有一定程度提高,死淘率有一定程度降低。
表3不同饲粮处理对蛋鸡生产性能的影响
组别 | 产蛋率(%) | 死淘率(%) | 平均蛋重(g) |
对照组 | 90.34±4.33 | 0.58±1.26 | 62.87±2.08 |
试验组 | 90.42±1.91 | 0.45±1.52 | 63.15±1.73 |
注:同列肩标不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01),标不同小写字母表示差异显著 (P<0.05),标相同字母和未标注字母的表示差异不显著(P>0.05),下表同。
2、不同饲粮处理对鸡蛋品质的影响
由表4可知,试验组鸡蛋的蛋壳强度显著大于对照组(P<0.05),蛋壳厚度和蛋白虽有一定差异,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。
表4不同饲粮处理对鸡蛋品质的影响
组别 | 蛋壳强度(kg/cm<sup>2</sup>) | 蛋壳厚度(mm) | 蛋白高度(mm) | 蛋形指数 |
对照组 | 4.28±0.08<sup>b</sup> | 0.39±0.01 | 7.54±0.19 | 1.30±0.01 |
试验组 | 4.39±0.07<sup>a</sup> | 0.40±0.01 | 7.55±0.17 | 1.30±0.01 |
3、不同饲粮处理对饲料利用率的影响
由表5可知,不同饲粮处理提高了蛋鸡饲粮干物质、粗蛋白质、钙和磷的利用率,且试验组对饲粮营养物质的利用率均极显著大于对照组(P<0.01),分别高了11.49%、27.26%、6.30%和14.77%。
表5不同饲粮处理对饲粮利用率的影响(%)
组别 | 干物质 | 粗蛋白质 | 钙 | 磷 |
对照组 | 71.25±2.99<sup>B</sup> | 62.25±2.10<sup>B</sup> | 65.43±0.95<sup>B</sup> | 51.52±4.29<sup>b</sup> |
试验组 | 79.44±2.35<sup>A</sup> | 79.22±2.22<sup>A</sup> | 69.55±0.86<sup>A</sup> | 59.13±5.10<sup>a</sup> |
4、不同饲粮处理对鸡粪中矿物元素含量的影响
由表6可知,不同饲粮处理降低了鸡粪中矿物元素的含量,其中钙、磷、铁、锌基本都达到差异显著或极显著水平(P<0.01,P<0.05),且分别减低了12.67%、 15.59%、10.39%和13.73%。
表6不同饲粮处理对鸡粪中矿物元素含量的影响(%)
组别 | 钙 | 磷 | 铁 | 锰 | 铜 | 锌 |
对照组 | 8.92±0.45<sup>A</sup> | 17.32±0.95<sup>A</sup> | 2108±109<sup>a</sup> | 90±7.2 | 25.2±3.8 | 102±8.6<sup>a</sup> |
试验组 | 7.79±0.39<sup>B</sup> | 14.62±1.01<sup>B</sup> | 1889±89<sup>b</sup> | 88±7.3 | 24.1±3.7 | 88±7.5<sup>b</sup> |
5、不同饲粮处理对鸡粪中营养物质含量的影响
由表7可知,试验组蛋鸡盲肠中大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌含量均极显著小于对照组(P<0.01),试验组蛋鸡盲肠中乳酸杆菌含量极显著大于对照组(P<0.01)。
表7不同饲粮处理对蛋鸡盲肠菌群的影响(lg(CFU/g))
组别 | 大肠杆菌 | 沙门氏菌 | 乳酸杆菌 |
对照组 | 6.60±0.25<sup>A</sup> | 6.31±0.12<sup>A</sup> | 5.36±0.25<sup>B</sup> |
试验组 | 5.25±0.18<sup>B</sup> | 5.36±0.21<sup>B</sup> | 7.36±0.32<sup>A</sup> |
Claims (8)
1.一种节能减排型蛋鸡饲料添加剂,其特征是,包括以下重量份的各组分制成:植酸酶0.8-1.2份,复合酸化剂4-6份,益生菌8-12份,异麦芽低聚糖8-12份,非淀粉多糖复合酶4-6份,膨润土12-16份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种节能减排型蛋鸡饲料添加剂,其特征是,所述益生菌为乳杆菌和双歧杆菌。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种节能减排型蛋鸡饲料添加剂,其特征是,包括以下重量份的各组分制成:植酸酶1份,复合酸化剂5份,乳杆菌5份,双歧杆菌5份,异麦芽低聚糖10份,非淀粉多糖复合酶5份,膨润土14份。
4.根据权利要求1或3所述的一种节能减排型蛋鸡饲料添加剂,其特征是,1重量份的植酸酶中含900U植酸酶。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种节能减排型蛋鸡饲料添加剂,其特征是,所述复合酸化剂包括等量的甲酸、乳酸、丙酸、丁酸和缓冲体系,采用微囊型包被而成。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种节能减排型蛋鸡饲料添加剂,其特征是,所述乳杆菌和双歧杆菌各含1×1010CFU。
7.根据权利要求3所述的一种节能减排型蛋鸡饲料添加剂,其特征是,所述非淀粉多糖复合酶含有等量的纤维素酶、半纤维素酶和果胶酶。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种节能减排型蛋鸡饲料添加剂,其特征是,所述半纤维素酶包括阿拉伯木聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶和甘露聚糖酶。
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