CN113710879A - Valve stem seal - Google Patents
Valve stem seal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113710879A CN113710879A CN202080028494.8A CN202080028494A CN113710879A CN 113710879 A CN113710879 A CN 113710879A CN 202080028494 A CN202080028494 A CN 202080028494A CN 113710879 A CN113710879 A CN 113710879A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- spring
- elastic body
- spring holder
- body portion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000800 acrylic rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/08—Valves guides; Sealing of valve stem, e.g. sealing by lubricant
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/10—Connecting springs to valve members
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
- F16J15/32—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings
- F16J15/3204—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings with at least one lip
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
- F16J15/32—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings
- F16J15/3248—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings provided with casings or supports
- F16J15/3252—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings provided with casings or supports with rigid casings or supports
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Sealing With Elastic Sealing Lips (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a valve stem seal which has high durability and can be easily manufactured. The valve stem seal has: a reinforcement ring (2) disposed around the valve stem (31); an elastic body part (3) which comprises a sealing lip (16a) contacting with the side peripheral surface of the valve rod (31) and is covered by the reinforcing ring (2); and an annular flat plate-shaped spring holder (4) that supports an end portion of a valve spring (33) disposed radially outside the elastic body portion (3), wherein the spring holder (4) is separate from the reinforcing ring (2), and the reinforcing ring (2) and the spring holder (4) are connected via the elastic body portion (3).
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a valve stem seal.
Background
In an engine for a vehicle or the like, a valve stem seal for closing an annular space between a valve stem of a reciprocating intake/exhaust valve and a valve guide is provided. The valve rod sealing member supplies lubricating oil for smoothly sliding the valve rod between the valve rod and the valve guide, and prevents the lubricating oil from flowing into the port and the cylinder.
Fig. 3 is a schematic sectional view of the invention of patent document 1. As shown in fig. 3, the stem seal 100 of patent document 1 is mainly configured by a cylindrical reinforcing ring 114 disposed radially outward of the stem 140 and the valve guide 124, an elastic body portion 118 including a seal lip 138 contacting a side circumferential surface of the stem 140 and covering a part of the reinforcing ring 114, and a spring member 172 disposed on an outer periphery of one side (a cam side) in an axial direction of the elastic body portion 118.
A bent portion 135 and a flange portion 136 extending radially outward from the bent portion 135 are formed on the other axial side (cylinder side) of the reinforcement ring 114. The flange 136 is a portion serving as a spring retainer that supports an end portion of the valve spring 132 disposed radially outward of the valve guide 124. In the stem seal 100, the flange 136 is provided with the grooves 150a and 150b extending in the circumferential direction, and flexibility is imparted to the flange 136, whereby the flange 136 can be maintained flat, and the concentration of stress on the bent portion 135 during axial contraction of the valve spring 132 can be reduced.
Documents of the prior art
Patent document
Patent document 1: japanese patent laid-open No. 5185979
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved by the invention
In the invention of patent document 1, it is difficult to control the precision of the bending process when forming the bent portion 135. Further, further improvement in durability is desired for the valve stem seal.
From such a viewpoint, an object of the present invention is to provide a stem seal which has high durability and can be easily manufactured.
Means for solving the technical problem
In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides a stem seal for sealing between a valve guide and a stem reciprocally inserted into the valve guide, the stem seal comprising: a reinforcement ring disposed around the stem; an elastic body portion including a seal lip in contact with a side peripheral surface of the valve stem and covering the reinforcing ring; and an annular flat plate-shaped spring holder that supports an end portion of the valve spring disposed radially outside the elastic body portion, wherein the spring holder is separate from the reinforcing ring, and the reinforcing ring and the spring holder are coupled via the elastic body portion.
According to the present invention, the spring retainer is provided in an annular and flat plate shape, and the reinforcing ring formed separately is coupled to the spring retainer via the elastic body portion. In the present invention, unlike the invention of patent document 1, since the flange portion is not provided via the bent portion, the stress at the time of axial contraction of the valve spring can be dispersed in the flat plate-shaped spring holder. This can prevent stress concentration and improve durability. Further, since the bent portion is not included as in the invention of patent document 1, the flatness of the spring holder can be maintained for a long period of time. In addition, since the bending process for providing the spring holder is not required, the manufacturing can be facilitated.
Preferably, the reinforcing ring has a flange portion extending radially outward. Thus, the rigidity of the reinforcement ring can be improved, and the adhesive strength between the reinforcement ring and the elastic body portion can be improved.
The spring holder has a covering portion that covers the elastic body portion and a support portion that supports an end portion of the valve spring, and a surface of the support portion that contacts the end portion of the valve spring is formed with a step so as to be positioned closer to a cylinder head side through which the valve rod is inserted than a surface of the covering portion. Thus, interference between the valve spring and the elastic body portion can be prevented.
Effects of the invention
The valve stem seal according to the present invention has high durability and can be easily manufactured.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a valve stem seal of an embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a modification of the valve stem seal of the embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic sectional view of the invention of patent document 1.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the stem seal 1 of the present embodiment seals between a valve guide 32 and a stem 31 reciprocally inserted into the valve guide 32. The valve stem seal 1 mainly has: a reinforcing ring 2 disposed around the stem 31; an elastic body portion 3 having a seal lip 16a in contact with a side peripheral surface of the stem 31 and covered with the reinforcing ring 2; and an annular flat plate-like spring holder 4 that supports an end portion of the valve spring 33 disposed radially outside the elastic body portion 3.
The spring holder 4 and the reinforcing ring 2 are disposed separately and apart from each other, and the reinforcing ring 2 and the spring holder 4 are coupled via the elastic body portion 3.
Unlike patent document 1, the stem seal 1 does not include a flange portion that supports the load of the valve spring 33 via the bent portion 135 shown in fig. 3, and the load of the valve spring 33 is supported by the flat spring holder 4 that is separate from the reinforcing ring 2. This can disperse the stress generated when the valve spring 33 contracts in the axial direction in the flat plate-shaped spring holder 4, and thus can reduce the concentrated stress acting on the spring holder 4. Therefore, the durability of the valve stem seal 1 can be improved.
Further, since the spring holder 4 is disposed separately and separately from the reinforcing ring 2, the flatness of the portion on which the load of the valve spring 33 acts can be maintained for a long period of time. In addition, since the bending process for providing the spring holder 4 is not required, the manufacturing can be easily performed. The following describes embodiments in detail.
As shown in fig. 1, the valve stem seal 1 according to the present embodiment is used in a valve train of an internal combustion engine such as an automobile, and seals between a valve stem 31 for communicating and blocking a valve between a cylinder and a port and a valve guide 32 through which the valve stem 31 is inserted. One end of the valve guide 32 faces the cam side and the other end faces the cylinder head 30 side.
For convenience of explanation, one side of the axis X of the valve rod 31 is referred to as a cam side (cam side a), and the other side is referred to as a cylinder side (cylinder side B). In the direction orthogonal to the axis X, a direction toward the axis X is an inner circumferential side, and a direction away from the axis X is an outer circumferential side. The direction orthogonal to the axis X is also referred to as "radial".
As shown in fig. 1, the stem seal 1 is mainly composed of a reinforcing ring 2, an elastic body portion 3, a spring holder 4, and a spring member 5. The reinforcing ring 2 is a member disposed around the stem 31 and has a cylindrical shape. The reinforcing ring 2 is composed of a reinforcing ring main body 11, a flange portion 12, and an end wall 13. The reinforcement ring 2 is made of, for example, metal, and is formed by press working or forging. Note that the flange portion 12 may be omitted.
The reinforcement ring body 11 is provided to extend along the axis X, and has a cylindrical or substantially cylindrical shape. The flange portion 12 extends from the other end (cylinder side B) of the reinforcement ring body 11 toward the outer peripheral side. The end wall 13 extends from one end (the cam side a) of the reinforcement ring main body 11 toward the inner circumferential side.
The elastic body portion 3 is composed of a main body portion 14, a base portion 15, and a sealing portion 16. The elastic body portion 3 is made of a rubber material such as a fluorine rubber or an acrylic rubber. The main body 14 is cylindrical and covers the entire reinforcement ring 2. One side (cam side a) of the body portion 14 protrudes toward the inner peripheral side so as to cover the entire end wall 13. The other side (cylinder side B) of the body 14 is expanded in diameter to cover the entire flange 12. A tapered surface 14a whose diameter increases toward the other side is formed on the other side of the body 14. The inner peripheral surface of the body portion 14 is fitted to the side peripheral surface of the valve guide 32. The end surface 32a of the valve guide 32 is separated from the main body portion 14.
The base portion 15 is a cylindrical portion that connects the reinforcing ring 2 and the spring holder 4. One side of the base portion 15 is continuous with the other side of the body portion 14. The other side of the base portion 15 covers the inner peripheral side of the spring holder 4 over the circumferential direction. In the present embodiment, a part of the inner peripheral side of the base portion 15 is formed to contact the cylinder head 30.
The seal portion 16 is continuous with one side (the cam side a) of the main body portion 14, and has a ring shape having a substantially rectangular cross section. The seal portion 16 includes a seal lip 16a protruding toward the inner peripheral side. The seal lip 16a has a wedge shape in cross section projecting toward the inner peripheral side. The seal lip 16a is slidably in contact with the side peripheral surface of the valve rod 31.
The spring holder 4 is annular and flat. The inner and outer peripheries of the spring holder 4 are circular. The material of the spring holder 4 is not particularly limited, but is metal in the present embodiment. The spring holder 4 is separated from the reinforcing ring 2 in the axial direction of the valve stem 31. A covering portion 21 that covers the base portion 15 is formed on the inner peripheral side of the spring holder 4. The covering portion 21 is bonded with the elastic body portion 3. A support portion 22 that supports the other end portion of the valve spring 33 is formed on the outer peripheral side of the spring holder 4.
One end (cam side a) of the valve spring 33 abuts against the back surface of the spring holder 34, and the other end (cylinder side B) abuts against the front surface 22a of the support portion 22. The back surface 22b of the support portion 22 contacts the cylinder head 30. The inner peripheral side end of the spring holder 4 is covered with the base portion 15 in the present embodiment, but may be exposed.
The spring member 5 is disposed on the outer peripheral side of the seal portion 16. The spring member 5 is for example a garter spring. The spring member 5 applies a pressing force to the seal portion 16. The spring member 5 may be omitted.
The reinforcing ring 2, the elastic body portion 3, and the spring holder 4 are integrally molded by cross-linking (vulcanization) molding. In this cross-linking molding, the reinforcing ring 2 and the spring holder 4 disposed in the molding die are cross-linked and bonded to the elastic body portion 3, and the reinforcing ring 2, the elastic body portion 3, and the spring holder 4 are integrally formed.
Next, the operational effects of the stem seal 1 of the present embodiment will be described. As shown in fig. 1, the spring holder 4 receiving the load of the valve spring 33 is annular and flat, and the reinforcement ring 2 and the spring holder 4 are coupled via the elastic body portion 3. That is, in the present embodiment, since the bent portion (the bent portion 135 in fig. 3) of the invention of patent document 1 is not included, the stress at the time of the axial contraction of the valve spring 33 can be dispersed in the flat plate-shaped spring holder 4. This prevents stress concentration in the spring holder 4, and improves durability.
In the invention of patent document 1 in fig. 3, stress is concentrated on the curved portion 135, and for example, the outer peripheral side of the flange portion 136 may be lifted from the cylinder head 30. However, in the present embodiment, since the bent portion (the bent portion 135 in fig. 3) of the invention of patent document 1 is not included, the spring holder 4 can be prevented from being deformed, and the flatness of the spring holder 4 can be maintained for a long period of time.
In addition, in the invention of patent document 1 in fig. 3, it is difficult to control the accuracy of the bending process of the bending portion 135. However, in the present embodiment, since the bending process for forming the spring holder 4 is omitted, the manufacturing can be facilitated, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
Further, by providing the flange portion 12 that extends radially outward and is covered with the elastic body portion 3 on the reinforcement ring 2, the adhesion strength between the reinforcement ring 2 and the elastic body portion 3 can be increased. Further, the provision of the flange portion 12 can increase the rigidity of the reinforcing ring 2 (stem seal 1).
Further, by providing the end wall 13 that protrudes radially inward and is covered with the elastic body portion 3 on the reinforcement ring 2, the adhesion strength between the reinforcement ring 2 and the elastic body portion 3 can be increased. Further, the end wall 13 can increase the rigidity of the reinforcement ring 2 (stem seal 1).
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above as examples, the present invention can be modified as appropriate without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a modification of the valve stem seal of the embodiment. In the stem seal 1A shown in fig. 2, the shape of the spring holder 4A is different from that of the above-described embodiment 1.
A covered portion 21 is formed on the inner peripheral side of the spring holder 4A, and a support portion 22 is formed on the outer peripheral side. The surface 22a of the support portion 22 is formed with a step at a position (cylinder head 30 side) lower than the surface 21a of the cover portion 21. The end of the valve spring 33 abuts the surface 22 a. The elastic body portion 3 is in contact with the covering portion 21 but not in contact with the support portion 22.
According to this modification, when the valve spring 33 expands and contracts in the axial direction, the valve spring 33 is less likely to move toward the elastic body portion 3 due to the step provided in the spring holder 4A. This can prevent interference between the valve spring 33 and the elastic body portion 3. More specifically, the valve spring 33 can be prevented from interfering with the bonded portion of the boundary between the elastic body portion 3 and the spring holder 4A.
For example, both the reinforcement ring 2 and the spring holder 4(4A) or only the spring holder 4(4A) may be subjected to surface treatment for improving the strength. When the surface treatment is performed only on the spring holder 4(4A), the number of manufacturing steps can be reduced.
For example, a back pressure lip may be provided on the other side (cylinder side B) of the elastic body portion 3 than the seal lip 16a, and the back pressure lip may be formed to be inclined toward the other side and slidably contact the stem seal 31. The back pressure lip is a portion that reduces the back pressure applied to the seal lip 16a by the exhaust gas receiving the pressure (back pressure) from the cylinder side, suppresses deformation by the back pressure of the seal lip 16a, and stabilizes the supply amount of the lubricating oil by the seal lip 16 a.
Description of the reference numerals
1 valve stem seal
2 reinforcing ring
3 elastomer part
4 spring retainer
12 flange part
16 sealing part
16a sealing lip
21 coating part
21a surface
22 support part
22a surface
Side A (cam side)
B another side (working cylinder side)
Claims (3)
1. A stem seal for sealing between a valve guide and a stem inserted into the valve guide so as to be able to reciprocate, the stem seal comprising:
a reinforcement ring disposed around the stem;
an elastic body portion including a seal lip in contact with a side peripheral surface of the valve stem and covering the reinforcing ring; and
an annular flat plate-like spring holder supporting an end portion of the valve spring disposed radially outside the elastic body portion,
the spring retainer is separate from the reinforcement ring,
the reinforcement ring and the spring holder are coupled via the elastic body portion.
2. The valve stem seal of claim 1,
the reinforcing ring has a flange portion extending radially outward.
3. The valve stem seal of claim 1 or 2,
the spring holder has: a covering portion covering the elastic body portion; and a support portion supporting an end portion of the valve spring,
the surface of the support portion that contacts the end portion of the valve spring is formed with a step so as to be positioned closer to the cylinder head side through which the valve rod is inserted than the surface of the coated portion.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2019090389 | 2019-05-13 | ||
JP2019-090389 | 2019-05-13 | ||
PCT/JP2020/017314 WO2020230557A1 (en) | 2019-05-13 | 2020-04-22 | Valve stem seal |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN113710879A true CN113710879A (en) | 2021-11-26 |
Family
ID=73289421
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202080028494.8A Pending CN113710879A (en) | 2019-05-13 | 2020-04-22 | Valve stem seal |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP7303293B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN113710879A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2020230557A1 (en) |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3326562A (en) * | 1963-01-18 | 1967-06-20 | Goetzewerke | Valve-shaft seal for internal combustion engines |
JPS59173510A (en) * | 1983-03-19 | 1984-10-01 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Valve stem seal of four-cycle internal-combustion engine |
JPH0261167U (en) * | 1988-10-28 | 1990-05-07 | ||
CN1159506A (en) * | 1995-11-14 | 1997-09-17 | 卡尔·弗罗伊登伯格公司 | Improved two-piece valve stem seal |
JP2004176881A (en) * | 2002-11-29 | 2004-06-24 | Nok Corp | Sealing device |
EP1633957A1 (en) * | 2003-06-05 | 2006-03-15 | Carl Freudenberg KG | Valve stem seal for internal combustion engines |
EP2236776A1 (en) * | 2009-03-17 | 2010-10-06 | Carl Freudenberg KG | Valve stem seal |
CN104612851A (en) * | 2013-11-04 | 2015-05-13 | 科尔科斯意大利埃克斯特纳工业有限合伙公司 | A gasket for a valve of an internal-combustion engine |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5930503U (en) * | 1982-08-19 | 1984-02-25 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Internal combustion engine valve oil seal |
US4928644A (en) * | 1989-07-30 | 1990-05-29 | Travis Gilbert E | Lubrication control |
JPH04117107U (en) * | 1991-03-29 | 1992-10-20 | エヌオーケー株式会社 | valve stem seal |
-
2020
- 2020-04-22 JP JP2021519334A patent/JP7303293B2/en active Active
- 2020-04-22 CN CN202080028494.8A patent/CN113710879A/en active Pending
- 2020-04-22 WO PCT/JP2020/017314 patent/WO2020230557A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3326562A (en) * | 1963-01-18 | 1967-06-20 | Goetzewerke | Valve-shaft seal for internal combustion engines |
JPS59173510A (en) * | 1983-03-19 | 1984-10-01 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Valve stem seal of four-cycle internal-combustion engine |
JPH0261167U (en) * | 1988-10-28 | 1990-05-07 | ||
CN1159506A (en) * | 1995-11-14 | 1997-09-17 | 卡尔·弗罗伊登伯格公司 | Improved two-piece valve stem seal |
JP2004176881A (en) * | 2002-11-29 | 2004-06-24 | Nok Corp | Sealing device |
EP1633957A1 (en) * | 2003-06-05 | 2006-03-15 | Carl Freudenberg KG | Valve stem seal for internal combustion engines |
EP2236776A1 (en) * | 2009-03-17 | 2010-10-06 | Carl Freudenberg KG | Valve stem seal |
CN104612851A (en) * | 2013-11-04 | 2015-05-13 | 科尔科斯意大利埃克斯特纳工业有限合伙公司 | A gasket for a valve of an internal-combustion engine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2020230557A1 (en) | 2021-12-02 |
WO2020230557A1 (en) | 2020-11-19 |
JP7303293B2 (en) | 2023-07-04 |
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