CN113710275A - Lilrb4结合抗体及其使用方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本文中提供了LILRB4结合抗体以及通过施用单独或与其他治疗组合的LILRB4结合抗体来治疗癌症的方法。还提供了包含LILRB4结合抗体的CDR的重组多肽。
Description
相关申请的引用
本申请要求于2019年3月1日提交的美国临时专利申请No. 62/812,700的权益,其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
序列表的引用
本申请包含序列表,其通过EFS-Web以ASCII格式提交并且通过引用整体并入于此。创建于2020年3月2日的所述ASCII拷贝命名为 UTFCP1392WO_ST25.txt,并且大小为7千字节。
背景技术
1.技术领域
本发明总体上涉及免疫学、肿瘤学和医学的领域。更具体地,其涉及抗LILRB4抗体及其使用方法。
2.相关技术的描述
目前的免疫治疗药物已显示在治疗一些癌症方面是有效的,但要完全治愈许多其他癌症仍具有挑战。此外,大量的共受体/共抑制剂在T细胞上表达并且尚未在肿瘤背景下进行研究的事实导致了对新靶标的寻找。 LILRB可抑制许多免疫细胞类型的活性,促进肿瘤免疫逃逸。LILRB4是 Ig样受体家族B(LILRB)的成员,并且具有结合配体和胞内ITIM的胞外Ig样结构域。该家族中存在为LILRB1至LILRB5的5个成员,并且大多数LILRB是灵长类和人特异性的。存在两种小鼠直系同源物:针对 LILRB2/3的配对的免疫球蛋白样受体B(PirB,paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B)和针对LILRB4的gp49B。整联蛋白αvβ3是LILRB4唯一已知的配体,并且已知当通过募集SHP-1与该LILRB4(gp49B)相互作用时抑制肥大细胞活化。LILRB4在单核细胞、巨噬细胞、肥大细胞、B细胞、 NK细胞、T细胞和树突细胞上表达。已表明T细胞上的LILRB4表达在急性病毒模型中调节T细胞功能。LILRB4在髓样群体(myeloid population) 上的表达也可通过间接机制抑制T细胞活化。同样地,LILRB4是单核细胞AML(包括难治性和复发性疾病)的特异性标志物。
发明内容
在某些实施方案中,本公开内容提供了LILRB4结合抗体。在一些方面中,LILRB4结合抗体是分离的单克隆抗体,其中所述抗体与LILRB4 特异性地结合并且包含:(a)为SEQID NO:1(GFMFSSYW)的第一VH CDR; (b)为SEQ ID NO:2(INKDVTTT)的第二VH CDR;(c)为SEQID NO:3 (VRNHGSRYAYFDV)的第三VH CDR;(d)为SEQ ID NO:4(TQHRTFY)的第一VL CDR;(e)为SEQ ID NO:5(VNSDGDQ)的第二VL CDR;和(f) 为SEQ ID NO:6(GVNYESGKQYGYV)的第三VLCDR。在某些方面中,所述抗体包含:(a)为SEQ ID NO:1(GFMFSSYW)的第一VH CDR;(b) 为SEQ ID NO:2(INKDVTTT)的第二VH CDR;(c)为SEQ ID NO:3 (VRNHGSRYAYFDV)的第三VHCDR;(d)为SEQ ID NO:7(NGISVGGKN) 的第一VLCDR;(e)为SEQ ID NO:8(YYSDSDK)的第二VLCDR;和(f) 为SEQ ID NO:9(SIYESNTWV)的第三VLCDR。
在某些方面中,所述抗体包含含有以下的第一对VH和VL结构域: (I)(a)为SEQ IDNO:1(GFMFSSYW)的第一VH CDR;(b)为SEQ ID NO: 2(INKDVTTT)的第二VH CDR;(c)为SEQ IDNO:3(VRNHGSRYAYFDV) 的第三VH CDR;(d)为SEQ ID NO:4(TQHRTFY)的第一VLCDR;(e) 为SEQ ID NO:5(VNSDGSQ)的第二VLCDR;和(f)为SEQ ID NO:6 (GVNYESGKQYGYV)的第三VLCDR;以及含有以下的第二对VH和VL 结构域:(a)为SEQ ID NO:1(GFMFSSYW)的第一VH CDR;(b)为SEQ ID NO:2(INKDVTTT)的第二VH CDR;(c)为SEQ ID NO:3 (VRNHGSRYAYFDV)的第三VHCDR;(d)为SEQ ID NO:4(TQHRTFY) 的第一VLCDR;(e)为SEQ ID NO:5(VNSDGSQ)的第二VLCDR;和(f) 为SEQ ID NO:6(GVNYESGKQYGYV)的第三VLCDR。在一些方面中,所述抗体包含含有以下的第一对VH和VL结构域:(a)为SEQ ID NO:1 (GFMFSSYW)的第一VH CDR;(b)为SEQID NO:2(INKDVTTT)的第二VH CDR;(c)为SEQ ID NO:3(VRNHGSRYAYFDV)的第三VH CDR; (d)为SEQ ID NO:7(NGISVGGKN)的第一VLCDR;(e)为SEQ ID NO: 8(YYSDSDK)的第二VLCDR;和(f)为SEQ ID NO:9(SIYESNTWV) 的第三VLCDR;以及含有以下的第二对VH和VL结构域:(a)为SEQ ID NO:1(GFMFSSYW)的第一VH CDR;(b)为SEQ ID NO:2(INKDVTTT) 的第二VHCDR;(c)为SEQ ID NO:3(VRNHGSRYAYFDV)的第三VH CDR; (d)为SEQ ID NO:7(NGISVGGKN)的第一VLCDR;(e)为SEQ ID NO: 8(YYSDSDK)的第二VLCDR;和(f)为SEQ ID NO:9(SIYESNTWV) 的第三VL CDR。
在一些方面中,所述抗体包含含有以下的第一对VH和VL结构域: (I)(a)为SEQ IDNO:1(GFMFSSYW)的第一VH CDR;(b)为SEQ ID NO: 2(INKDVTTT)的第二VH CDR;(c)为SEQ IDNO:3(VRNHGSRYAYFDV) 的第三VH CDR;(d)为SEQ ID NO:4(TQHRTFY)的第一VLCDR;(e) 为SEQ ID NO:5(VNSDGSQ)的第二VLCDR;和(f)为SEQ ID NO:6 (GVNYESGKQYGYV)的第三VLCDR;以及含有以下的第二对VH和VL 结构域:(II)(a)为SEQ ID NO:1(GFMFSSYW)的第一VH CDR;(b)为 SEQ ID NO:2(INKDVTTT)的第二VH CDR;(c)为SEQ ID NO:3 (VRNHGSRYAYFDV)的第三VH CDR;(d)为SEQ ID NO:7(NGISVGGKN) 的第一VLCDR;(e)为SEQ ID NO:8(YYSDSDK)的第二VLCDR;和(f) 为SEQ ID NO:9(SIYESNTWV)的第三VLCDR。
在一些特定方面中,所述抗体包含与SEQ ID NO:10的VH结构域具有至少约80%(例如,85%、86%、87%、88%、89%、90%、91%、92%、 93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%或99%)同一性的VH结构域和与SEQ ID NO:11的VL结构域具有至少约80%(例如,85%、86%、87%、88%、 89%、90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%或99%) 同一性的VL结构域。在一些方面中,所述抗体包含与SEQ ID NO:10的 VH结构域相同的VH结构域和与SEQ ID NO:11的VL结构域相同的VL结构域。在一些特定方面中,所述抗体包含与SEQ IDNO:10的VH结构域具有至少约80%(例如,85%、86%、87%、88%、89%、90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%或99%)同一性的VH结构域和与SEQ ID NO:12的VL结构域具有至少约80%(例如,85%、86%、87%、88%、 89%、90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%或99%) 同一性的VL结构域。在一些特定方面中,所述抗体包含与SEQ IDNO:10 的VH结构域相同的VH结构域和与SEQ ID NO:12的VL结构域相同的VL结构域。
在一些特定方面中,所述抗体包含与由SEQ ID NO:13的序列编码的 VH结构域具有至少约80%(例如,85%、86%、87%、88%、89%、90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%或99%)同一性的VH结构域和与由SEQ ID NO:14的序列编码的VL结构域具有至少约80%(例如,85%、86%、87%、88%、89%、90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%或99%)同一性的VL结构域。在一些方面中,所述抗体包含与由SEQ ID NO:13的序列编码的VH结构域相同的VH结构域和与由 SEQ ID NO:14的序列编码的VL结构域相同的VL结构域。在一些特定方面中,所述抗体包含与由SEQ ID NO:13的序列编码的VH结构域具有至少约80%(例如,85%、86%、87%、88%、89%、90%、91%、92%、93%、 94%、95%、96%、97%、98%或99%)同一性的VH结构域和与由SEQ ID NO:15的序列编码的VL结构域具有至少约80%(例如,85%、86%、87%、 88%、89%、90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%或 99%)同一性的VL结构域。在一些特定方面中,所述抗体包含与由SEQID NO:13的序列编码的VH结构域相同的VH结构域和与由SEQ ID NO:15 的序列编码的VL结构域相同的VL结构域。
在某些方面中,所述抗体是重组的。所述抗体可以是IgG、IgM、IgA、或其抗原结合片段。所述抗体可以是Fab’、F(ab’)2、单价scFv、二价scFv 或单结构域抗体。在某些方面中,所述抗体是人抗体、人源化抗体或去免疫化抗体。所述抗体可与成像剂、化学治疗剂、毒素或放射性核素缀合。另一个实施方案提供了包含在可药用载体中的一些实施方案的LILRB4结合抗体的组合物。
本文中还提供了分离的多核苷酸分子,其包含编码一些实施方案的 LILRB4结合抗体的核酸序列。在一些特定方面中,所述多核苷酸包含与 SEQ ID NO:13具有至少约80%(例如,85%、86%、87%、88%、89%、 90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%或99%)同一性的序列和与SEQ ID NO:14具有至少约80%(例如,85%、86%、87%、 88%、89%、90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%或 99%)同一性的序列。在一些方面中,所述多核苷酸包含与SEQ ID NO:13 相同的序列和与SEQ ID NO:14相同的序列。在一些特定方面中,所述多核苷酸包含与SEQ ID NO:13具有至少约80%(例如,85%、86%、87%、 88%、89%、90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%或 99%)同一性的序列和与SEQ ID NO:15具有至少约80%(例如,85%、 86%、87%、88%、89%、90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、 98%或99%)同一性的序列。在一些特定方面中,所述多核苷酸包含与SEQ ID NO:13相同的序列和与SEQ ID NO:15相同的序列。
在另一个实施方案中,提供了重组多肽,其包含含有SEQ ID NO:1、 2和3的VH结构域的CDR 1至3的抗体VH结构域以及(I)SEQ ID NO:4、 5和6的VL结构域的CDR 1至3;或(II)SEQ ID NO:7、8和9的VL结构域的CDR 1至3。本文中还提供了分离的多核苷酸分子,其包含编码一些实施方案的多肽的核酸序列。
另一个实施方案提供了宿主细胞,其包含编码一些实施方案的抗体或一些实施方案的重组多肽的一种或更多种多核苷酸分子。在一些方面中,宿主细胞是哺乳动物细胞、酵母细胞、细菌细胞、纤毛虫细胞或昆虫细胞。
本文中还提供了药物组合物,其包含一些实施方案的LILRB4结合抗体以及药用载体。本文中还提供了包含有效量的一些实施方案的LILRB4 结合抗体的组合物用于在对象中治疗癌症。
在另一个实施方案中,提供了包含有效量的一些实施方案的LILRB4 结合抗体的组合物用于在对象中治疗癌症的用途。
本文中还提供了用于在对象中治疗癌症的方法,其包括向对象施用有效量的一些实施方案的LILRB4结合抗体。在一些方面中,癌症是白血病、乳腺癌、黑素瘤、前列腺癌或胰腺癌。
在一些方面中,所述抗体静脉内、皮内、瘤内、肌内、腹膜内、皮下或局部施用。在一些特定方面中,所述抗体静脉内施用。在某些方面中,所述抗体在可药用组合物中。在一些方面中,所述抗体全身性施用。在另一些方面中,所述方法还包括向对象施用至少第二抗癌治疗。在一些方面中,第二抗癌治疗是手术治疗、化学治疗、放射治疗、冷冻治疗、激素治疗、免疫治疗或细胞因子治疗。
从以下详细描述中,本发明的其他目标、特征和优点将变得明显。然而,应理解的是,虽然指示了本发明的一些优选实施方案,但是详细描述和具体实施例仅以举例说明的方式给出,因为对本领域技术人员而言,根据该详细描述,本发明的精神和范围内的多种变化和修改将变得明显。
附图说明
以下附图构成本发明说明书的一部分,并且被包含在内以进一步说明本发明的某些方面。通过参照与本文中呈现的具体实施方案的详细描述组合的这些附图中的一个或更多个可更好地理解本发明。
图1A至D示出了Lilrb4在B16/F10肿瘤模型和黑素瘤患者中表达的nano string分析。(A)和(C)用B16/F10肿瘤攻击小鼠。当肿瘤生长至 1000mm3时,将肿瘤解剖、消化并提取RNA以用于nanostring测定和分析。(B)和(D)从基线黑素瘤患者的肿瘤分离总RNA以用于nanostring 测定和分析。
图2A至B示出了相对于脾T细胞,TIL上的LILRB4表达。用B16/F10 肿瘤攻击小鼠,并且当肿瘤生长至1000mm3时,处死小鼠并分离肿瘤。分离肿瘤浸润性细胞(tumor-infiltrating cell,TIL)和脾细胞(来自同一小鼠),并且将其用流动抗体进行染色并在流式细胞仪中运行。(A)示出了与脾CD4和CD8 T细胞相比,肿瘤浸润性CD4 T细胞和CD8 T细胞上多种抑制性受体的表达(包括LILRB4)的平均荧光强度(mean fluorescence intensity,MFI)倍数提高。(B)与脾CD4 T细胞相比,LILRB4在肿瘤浸润性CD4 T细胞上的表达。
图3A至B示出了肿瘤中多种细胞类型上的LILRB4表达。用B16/F10 肿瘤攻击小鼠,并且当肿瘤生长至1000mm3时,处死小鼠并分离肿瘤。分离肿瘤浸润性细胞(TIL)和脾细胞(来自同一小鼠),并且将其用流动抗体按照指示进行染色并在流式细胞仪中运行。(A)LILRB4在髓样群体中在巨噬细胞上大量表达。(B)在CD4 T细胞中,与Teff(CD4+FoxP3-) 群相比,LILRB4的表达在Treg(CD4+Foxp3+)群上更高。
图4A至D示出了LILRB4在CD11b+肿瘤相关巨噬细胞 (Tumor-associatedmacrophage,TAM)上大量表达并且与已知在抑制性 TAM上表达的标志物相关。(A)覆盖有经颜色编码簇的MC38浸润性 CD45+CD3-细胞的t-SNE图。(B)覆盖有所选标志物表达的浸润性CD45+CD3-细胞的t-SNE图。(C)基于每只小鼠显示的簇的频率。簇编号在x轴上表示。(D)示出了每个簇的归一化标志物表达的热图。
图5A至D示出了LILRB4在Treg和耗竭的CD8 T细胞上大量表达。 (A)覆盖有经颜色编码簇的MC38浸润性T细胞的t-SNE图。(B)覆盖有所选标志物表达的浸润性T细胞的t-SNE图。(C)基于每只小鼠显示的簇的频率。簇编号在x轴上表示。(D)示出了每个T细胞簇的归一化标志物表达的热图。
图6A至B示出了当注射多克隆抗LILRB4抗体时,经B16/F10肿瘤注射的小鼠存活更长时间。(A)用B16/F10细胞在右胁腹上攻击小鼠并如所示给予瘤内处理。(B)监测每个处理组中小鼠的存活。数据是其中每组 7至10只小鼠的2个独立实验的代表。***p<0.001(Mantel-Cox检验)。
图7A至D示出了抗LILRB4抗体处理在肿瘤微环境中提高了CD3 T 细胞、CD8 T细胞、CD4Teff频率并降低了Treg频率。用B16/F10细胞攻击小鼠并给予指定的处理,收获来自肿瘤的细胞并将其用指定的抗体进行染色。来自3个独立实验中2个的作为CD45+细胞的百分比的CD3 T细胞的累积频率(A),作为CD3+T细胞的百分比的CD8 T细胞的累积频率(B),作为CD4+T细胞的百分比的CD4 Teff细胞的累积频率(C)和 (D)作为CD4 T细胞的百分比的CD4 Treg的累积频率。误差棒表示平均值±SD。*p<0.05,**p<0.01,(Student t检验)。
图8A至D示出了抗LILRB4抗体处理在肿瘤微环境中提高了CD8+T 细胞和CD4+Eff二者与Treg的比。用B16/F10细胞攻击小鼠并给予指定的处理,收获来自肿瘤的细胞并将其用指定的抗体进行染色。每组中 B16/F10肿瘤中的(A)CD8/Treg,(B)CD4 Teff/Treg,(C)CD8+Ki67+/Treg 和(D)CD8+GzB+/Treg的比。
图9A至C示出了GP49B(LILRB4)在其他鼠肿瘤模型中的表达。 (A)用B16/F10、mT5、RENCA、4T1、MC38、MB49、TrampC2细胞攻击小鼠。收获来自肿瘤的细胞并将其用指定的抗体进行染色。(B)处死自发性前列腺癌肿瘤模型Tramp(小鼠前列腺的转基因腺癌)小鼠和原初WT小鼠(WT mice),分离其前列腺组织,消化,制备单细胞悬液并将其用指定的抗体进行染色。(C)用TrampC2肿瘤模型在右胁腹上皮下攻击小鼠,分离肿瘤,消化并将其用指定的抗体进行染色。
图10A至C示出了在LILRB4敲除小鼠(B16-F10)中的个体肿瘤生长和存活。用B16/F10肿瘤攻击WT和LILRB4KO小鼠。监测每组中小鼠的肿瘤生长和存活。(A)肿瘤攻击的示意图。每组中小鼠的(B)平均肿瘤生长和(C)存活。数据是其中每组5至10只小鼠的3或4个独立实验的代表。***p<0.001(Mantel-Cox检验)。(针对肿瘤负荷进行Student t 检验)。
图11A至B示出了当用mT5(胰腺肿瘤模型)攻击时,LILRB4敲除小鼠中的肿瘤生长降低和存活提高。用mT5肿瘤攻击WT和LILRB4KO 小鼠。监测每组中小鼠的肿瘤生长和存活。每组中小鼠的(A)个体肿瘤生长和(B)存活。数据是其中每组5至10只小鼠的3或4个独立实验的代表。*p<0.05(针对存活进行Mantel-Cox检验),(针对肿瘤负荷进行 Studentt检验)。
图12示出了与WT小鼠相比,在LILRB4KO中上调的免疫相关基因的表达。用B16/F10肿瘤攻击WT和LILRB4KO小鼠。当肿瘤生长至1000 mm3时将肿瘤解剖,消化,通过ficoll密度梯度旋转分离肿瘤浸润性细胞,并提取RNA以用于nanostring测定和分析。
图13A至B示出了在用抗CD3和抗CD28抗体活化时来自LILRB4 敲除CD8和CD4 T细胞的IFN-γ和TNF-α分泌提高。从LILRB4KO和 WT小鼠分离原初脾(spleen)。从脾制备单细胞悬液,用RBC裂解缓冲液裂解红细胞,并通过细胞过滤器过滤脾细胞。分离原初未接触的总 T细胞,用抗CD3(1.25μg/ml)和抗CD28(1.25μg/ml)抗体在体外刺激72小时。然后用指定的抗体对细胞进行染色。(A)CD8 T细胞和(B) CD4 T细胞。
图14A至B示出了抗LILRB4单克隆抗体与鼠和人LILRB4过表达细胞系的结合。从组织培养板分离细胞,将其用仓鼠抗LILRB4抗体进行染色,并随后用第二抗仓鼠抗体进行染色,并在流式细胞仪上运行。(A)用小鼠LILRB4转染的CHO细胞(CHO-mLILRB4)和CHO-亲本细胞。(B) 用人LILRB4转染的CT59细胞(CT59-hLILRB4)和CT59亲本。
图15A至C示出了在用MC38攻击并用LILRB4单克隆抗体处理的小鼠中存活提高和肿瘤负荷降低。用MC38肿瘤模型在右胁腹上皮下攻击小鼠。如所示给予小鼠抗体的腹膜内处理。(A)肿瘤攻击的示意图。监测每个处理组中的(B)存活和(C)肿瘤负荷。数据是其中每组5至10只小鼠的2至3个独立实验的累积。*p<0.05(针对存活进行Mantel-Cox检验),(针对肿瘤负荷进行Student t检验)。
图16示出了抗LILRB4抗体诱导免疫记忆。对初次MC38攻击中存活并且早期用抗LILRB4抗体进行处理的小鼠用5倍多的MC38细胞进行再攻击并且不进行处理。蓝线表示记忆小鼠的平均肿瘤负荷,而红线表示未进行早期肿瘤攻击或处理的原初小鼠,其用作对照。
图17A至B示出了LILRB4在癌症患者中在肿瘤中的表达。将来自不同肿瘤患者的肿瘤消化物用指定的抗体进行染色,(A)在三名黑素瘤患者中在瘤内CD45+细胞上的LILRB4表达。(B)在肾细胞癌(renal cell carcinoma,RCC)和三阴性乳腺癌细胞的瘤内细胞中的LILRB4表达。FMO (荧光减一(fluorescence minus one))对照:该抗体混合物不具有LILRB4 抗体,但具有所有其他抗体。
图18A至C示出了在人癌症和鼠肿瘤模型(B16/F10)二者中LILRB4+ T细胞表达更高的抑制性受体。将来自不同肿瘤患者的肿瘤消化物用指定抗体进行染色,(A)黑素瘤(B)三阴性乳腺癌。(C)用B16/F10肿瘤攻击小鼠并且当肿瘤生长至1000mm3时,处死小鼠并分离肿瘤。分离肿瘤浸润性细胞(TIL)和脾细胞(来自同一小鼠),并将其用流动抗体按指示进行染色,并在流式细胞仪中运行。
图19A至B两个图均示出了显示通过质谱细胞术(mass cytometry, CyTOF)获得的每个髓样细胞簇中归一化的LILRB4表达的热图。
图20A至B示出了lilrb4与许多抑制性受体(A)和(B)免疫相关基因(TCGA数据库)的高相关性。
图21示出了与健康个体相比,lilrb4在人癌症中具有增强的表达 (TCGA数据库)。BRCA:乳腺癌(Breast Cancer);LUSC:肺鳞状细胞癌(Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma);LUAD:肺腺癌(Lung Adenocarcinoma)。
图22A至B示出了在用抗LILRB4抗体处理之后髓样簇的变化。在用抗LILRB4抗体处理之后频率降低的簇表达了与抑制性巨噬细胞相关的标志物。(A)来自每组并覆盖有经颜色编码簇的相等数目的CD45+ CD3-MC38肿瘤浸润性细胞的t-SNE图。(B)簇频率的条形图和显示每个簇的归一化的标志物表达的热图。簇编号在x轴上表示。
图23A至B示出了在用抗LILRB4抗体处理之后T细胞簇的变化。 CD4+Teff细胞簇的频率提高,而耗竭的CD8 T细胞簇的频率降低。(A) 来自每组并覆盖有经颜色编码簇的相等数目的MC38肿瘤浸润性CD3+T 细胞的t-SNE图。(B)T细胞簇频率的条形图和显示每个簇的归一化的标志物表达的热图。簇编号在x轴上表示。
具体实施方式
在某些实施方案中,本公开内容提供了可例如用于治疗癌症的抗 LILRB抗体。该抗LILRB抗体可以是单克隆抗体。该抗LILRB抗体可与另外的治疗(例如化学治疗和/或免疫检查点抑制剂)组合施用,例如来治疗癌症。在一些方面中,癌症是黑素瘤。在另一些情况下,癌症是白血病,例如AML。本发明方法可靶向LILRB途径以在对象中抑制癌细胞生长和/或刺激抗癌细胞免疫应答。
I.定义
就特定组分而言,本文中使用的“基本上不含”在本文中用于意指没有指定组分被有目的地配制成组合物和/或仅作为污染物或以痕量存在。因此,由组合物的任何非故意污染产生的特定组分的总量远低于0.05%,优选低于0.01%。最优选的是其中用标准分析方法不能检测到特定组分之量的组合物。
本文中说明书中使用的没有数量词修饰的名词可意指一个/种或更多个/种。本文中权利要求书中使用的,当与词语“包含/包括”联合使用时,没有数量词修饰的名词可意指一个/种或多于一个/种。
除非明确地指出仅指替代方案或者替代方案相互排斥,否则权利要求书中术语“或/或者”的使用用于意指“和/或”,但是本公开内容支持指仅替代方案和“和/或”的定义。本文中使用的“另一”可意指至少第二个/种或更多个/种。术语“约”、“基本上”和“大约”通常意指所述值加上或减去5%。
“治疗”疾病或病症是指执行这样的方案,其可包括向患者施用一种或更多种药物,以试图减轻疾病的迹象或症状。可期望的治疗作用包括降低疾病进展的速度、改善或减轻疾病状态,以及缓解或改善预后。减轻可在疾病或病症的迹象或症状出现之前,以及在其出现之后发生。因此,“治疗”可包括“预防”疾病或不期望的病症。另外,“治疗”不需要完全减轻迹象或症状、不需要治愈,并且特别地包括仅对患者具有轻微作用的方案。
贯穿本申请使用的术语“治疗益处”或“治疗有效的”是指就药物治疗该病症而言促进或增强对象健康的任何情况。这包括但不限于疾病的迹象或症状的频率或严重程度的降低。例如,癌症的治疗可涉及,例如,降低肿瘤尺寸、降低肿瘤侵袭力、降低癌症生长速率或阻止转移。癌症的治疗还可指延长患有癌症的对象的存活。
“对象”和“患者”是指人或非人,例如灵长类、哺乳动物和脊椎动物。在一些特定实施方案中,对象是人。
短语“可药用的或药理学上可接受的”是指适当时当施用于动物(例如人)时不产生不良反应、变应性反应或其他不期望反应的分子实体和组合物。根据本公开内容,包含抗体或另外活性成分的药物组合物的制备对于本领域技术人员将是已知的。此外,对于动物(例如,人)施用,应理解,制剂应符合FDA生物学标准办公室(FDA Office of BiologicalStandards) 所要求的无菌性、致热原性(pyrogenicity)、一般安全性和纯度标准。
本文中使用的“可药用载体”包括任何和所有水性溶剂(例如,水、醇/水溶液、盐水溶液、肠胃外载剂(例如氯化钠、林格右旋糖等))、非水性溶剂(例如,丙二醇、聚乙二醇、植物油和可注射有机酯(例如油酸乙酯))、分散介质、包衣、表面活性剂、抗氧化剂、防腐剂(例如,抗细菌剂或抗真菌剂、抗氧化剂、螯合剂和惰性气体)、等张剂、吸收延迟剂、盐类、药物、药物稳定剂、凝胶剂、黏合剂、赋形剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、甜味剂、矫味剂、染料、流体和营养补充剂,这样的类似材料,及其组合,如本领域普通技术人员将已知的。根据公知的参数调节药物组合物中多种组分的pH和精确浓度。
II.LILRB4结合抗体
在某些实施方案中,考虑了与LILRB4的至少一部分结合并抑制 LILRB4活性的抗体或其片段。本文中使用的术语“抗体”旨在泛指任何免疫结合剂,例如IgG、IgM、IgA、IgD、IgE和经遗传修饰的IgG以及包含保留抗原结合活性的抗体CDR结构域的多肽。抗体可选自:嵌合抗体、亲和力成熟抗体、多克隆抗体、单克隆抗体、人源化抗体、人抗体、或抗原结合抗体片段或者天然的或合成的配体。优选地,抗LILRB4抗体是单克隆抗体或人源化抗体。在一些特定方面中,抗LILRB4抗体是具有以下序列的抗体。
包含以下CDR的抗体重链:HCDR1 GFMFSSYW(SEQ ID NO:1); HCDR2 INKDVTTT(SEQID NO:2)和HCDR3 VRNHGSRYAYFDV(SEQ ID NO: 3)。在一些方面中,抗体重链包含SEQ IDNO:10的VH序列:
在另一些方面中,VH序列由SEQ ID NO:13的多核苷酸序列编码:
包含以下CDR的抗体轻链:LCDR1 TQHRTFY(SEQ ID NO:4);LCDR2 VNSDGSQ(SEQ IDNO:5)和LCDR3 GVNYESGKQYGYV(SEQ ID NO:6)。
在一些方面中,抗体轻链包含SEQ ID NO:11的VL序列:
在另一些方面中,VL序列由SEQ ID NO:14的多核苷酸序列编码:
包含以下CDR的抗体轻链:LCDR1 NGISVGGKN(SEQ ID NO:7); LCDR2 YYSDSDK(SEQID NO:8)和LCDR3 SIYESNTWV(SEQ ID NO:9)。
在一些方面中,抗体轻链包含SEQ ID NO:12的VL序列:
在另一些方面中,VL序列由SEQ ID NO:15的多核苷酸序列编码:
因此,一些实施方案的抗体可包含与所提供的VL多肽中的任一者配对的以上提供的VH多肽。在一些方面中,抗体包含一对VH和第一VL 多肽以及第二对VH和第二VL多肽。
因此,通过已知方式并如本文中所述,可产生对LILRB4、一个或更多个其各自表位、或前述任一种的缀合物具有特异性的多克隆或单克隆抗体、抗体片段和结合结构域和CDR(包含前述任一种的经改造形式),无论这样的抗原或表位是从天然来源分离的还是天然化合物的合成衍生物或变体。
适合于本发明实施方案的抗体片段的一些实例包括但不限于:(i)由 VL、VH、CL和CH1结构域组成的Fab片段;(ii)由VH和CH1结构域组成的“Fd”片段;(iii)由单一抗体的VL和VH结构域组成的“Fv”片段;(iv) 由VH结构域组成的“dAb”片段;(v)分离的CDR区;(vi)F(ab’)2片段,即包含两个连接的Fab片段的二价片段;(vii)单链Fv分子(“scFv”),其中VH结构域和VL结构域通过肽接头连接,所述肽接头使得这两个结构域缔合以形成结合结构域;(viii)双特异性单链Fv二聚体(参见美国专利No.5,091,513);和(iX)通过基因融合构建的双抗体、多价或多特异性片段(美国专利申请公开20050214860)。Fv、scFv或双抗体分子可通过并入连接VH和VL结构域的二硫桥来稳定。还可制备包含与CH3结构域连接的scFv的微抗体(minibody)。
在一些实施方案中还考虑了抗体样结合肽模拟物。Liu et al.(2003)描述了“抗体样结合肽模拟物”(antibody like binding peptidomimetic,ABiP),其是这样的肽:用作精简抗体(pared-down antibody)并且具有某些优点(更长的血清半衰期以及更少繁琐的合成方法)。
动物可接种抗原,例如LILRB4多肽或其部分,以产生对LILRB4具有特异性的抗体。通常,抗原与另一分子结合或缀合以增强免疫应答。本文中使用的缀合物是与用于在动物中引发免疫应答的抗原结合的任何肽、多肽、蛋白质或非蛋白质性物质。在动物中响应于抗原接种而产生的抗体包含由多种单独抗体产生B淋巴细胞制备的多种非相同分子(多克隆抗体)。多克隆抗体是抗体物质的混合群体,所述抗体物质各自可识别相同抗原上的不同表位。给定在动物中多克隆抗体产生的正确条件,动物血清中的大多数抗体将识别已对动物进行免疫接种的抗原化合物上的集合表位。这种特异性通过亲和纯化进一步增强,以仅选择识别目的抗原或表位的那些抗体。
单克隆抗体是其中每个抗体分子均识别相同表位的单一种类的抗体,因为所有抗体产生细胞均来源于单一B淋巴细胞细胞系。用于产生单克隆抗体(monoclonal antibody,MAb)的方法通常沿着与用于制备多克隆抗体的那些相同的路线开始。在一些实施方案中,啮齿动物(例如小鼠和大鼠)用于产生单克隆抗体。在一些实施方案中,兔、绵羊或蛙细胞用于产生单克隆抗体。大鼠的使用是公知的并且可提供某些优点。小鼠(例如, BALB/c小鼠)是常规使用的并且通常提供高百分比的稳定融合。
杂交瘤技术涉及将来自先前用LILRB4抗原免疫接种的小鼠的单一B 淋巴细胞与永生性骨髓瘤细胞(通常是小鼠骨髓瘤)融合。该技术提供了使单一抗体产生细胞繁殖无限代的方法,以使得可产生无限量的具有相同的抗原或表位特异性的结构上相同的抗体(单克隆抗体)。
血浆B细胞(CD45+CD5-CD19+)可从经免疫接种的兔的新鲜制备的兔外周血单个核细胞分离并进一步针对LILRB4结合细胞进行选择。在富集抗体产生B细胞之后,可分离总RNA并合成cDNA。可扩增来自重链和轻链二者的抗体可变区的DNA序列,将其构建到噬菌体展示Fab表达载体中,并转化到大肠杆菌(E.coli)中。可通过多轮富集淘选选出LILRB4 特异性结合Fab并进行测序。所选择的LILRB4结合命中物(hit)可在人胚肾(HEK293)细胞(Invitrogen)中使用哺乳动物表达载体系统表达为兔和兔/人嵌合形式的全长IgG,并使用蛋白G树脂用快速蛋白质液相色谱(fast protein liquid chromatography,FPLC)分离单元进行纯化。
在一个实施方案中,抗体是嵌合抗体,例如,包含来自与异源非人、人或人源化序列(例如,框架和/或恒定结构域序列)接枝的非人供体的抗原结合序列的抗体。已经开发出用人来源的类似结构域代替单克隆抗体的轻链和重链恒定结构域而使外来抗体的可变区保持完整的方法。或者,在针对人免疫球蛋白基因转基因的小鼠中产生“完全人”单克隆抗体。还开发了通过重组构建具有啮齿动物(例如小鼠)和人二者氨基酸序列的抗体可变结构域来将单克隆抗体的可变结构域转化为更加人形式的方法。在“人源化”单克隆抗体中,仅高变CDR来源于小鼠单克隆抗体,而框架区和恒定区来源于人氨基酸序列(参见美国专利No.5,091,513和6,881,557)。认为将抗体中啮齿动物特征性的氨基酸序列替换为人抗体中相应位置处存在的氨基酸序列将降低在治疗使用期间不良免疫反应的可能性。也可对杂交瘤或产生抗体的其他细胞进行遗传突变或其他改变,其可改变(或可以不改变)由杂交瘤产生的抗体的结合特异性。
用于在多种动物物种中产生多克隆抗体的方法以及用于产生多种类型(包括人源化、嵌合和完全人)单克隆抗体的方法是本领域公知地并且是高度可预测的。例如,以下美国专利和专利申请提供了对这样的方法的可行描述:美国专利申请No.2004/0126828和2002/0172677;以及美国专利No.3,817,837;3,850,752;3,939,350;3,996,345;4,196,265;4,275,149; 4,277,437;4,366,241;4,469,797;4,472,509;4,606,855;4,703,003;4,742,159; 4,767,720;4,816,567;4,867,973;4,938,948;4,946,778;5,021,236;5,164,296; 5,196,066;5,223,409;5,403,484;5,420,253;5,565,332;5,571,698;5,627,052;5,656,434;5,770,376;5,789,208;5,821,337;5,844,091;5,858,657;5,861,155; 5,871,907;5,969,108;6,054,297;6,165,464;6,365,157;6,406,867;6,709,659; 6,709,873;6,753,407;6,814,965;6,849,259;6,861,572;6,875,434和 6,891,024。本文中及其中引用的所有专利、专利申请出版物和其他出版物均在此通过引用并入本申请。
抗体可从任何动物来源包括鸟类和哺乳动物中产生。优选地,抗体是绵羊的、鼠(例如,小鼠和大鼠)的、兔的、山羊的、豚鼠的、骆驼的、马的或鸡的。另外,更新的技术允许从人组合抗体文库中开发和筛选人抗体。例如,噬菌体抗体表达技术允许在不存在动物免疫接种的情况下产生特异性抗体,如美国专利No.6,946,546中所述,其通过引用并入本文。
完全预期到的是针对LILRB4的抗体将具有中和或抵消LILRB4的作用的能力,而不管动物物种、单克隆细胞系或抗体的其他来源如何。某些动物物种对于产生治疗性抗体可能不太优选,因为它们可能更易于由于通过抗体的“Fc”部分激活补体系统而引起变应性应答。然而,完整抗体可被酶消化为“Fc”(补体结合)片段和具有结合结构域或CDR的抗体片段。去除Fc部分降低了抗原抗体片段将引起不期望的免疫应答的可能性,并因此,不具有Fc的抗体对于预防性或治疗性处理可以是优选的。如上所述,也可将抗体构建成为嵌合的或者部分或完全人的,以降低或消除由于向动物施用已在其他物种中产生或具有来自其他物种的序列的抗体而引起的不良免疫结果。
替换变体通常包含在蛋白质内的一个或更多个位点处一个氨基酸与另一氨基酸的交换,并且可被设计成在丧失或不丧失其他功能或特性的情况下调节多肽的一种或更多种特性。替换可以是保守的,即用具有相似形状和电荷的一个氨基酸替换一个氨基酸。保守替换是本领域公知的并且包括例如以下变化:丙氨酸到丝氨酸;精氨酸到赖氨酸;天冬酰胺到谷氨酰胺或组氨酸;天冬氨酸到谷氨酸;半胱氨酸到丝氨酸;谷氨酰胺到天冬酰胺;谷氨酸到天冬氨酸;甘氨酸到脯氨酸;组氨酸到天冬酰胺或谷氨酰胺;异亮氨酸到亮氨酸或缬氨酸;亮氨酸到缬氨酸或异亮氨酸;赖氨酸到精氨酸;甲硫氨酸到亮氨酸或异亮氨酸;苯丙氨酸到酪氨酸、亮氨酸或甲硫氨酸;丝氨酸到苏氨酸;苏氨酸到丝氨酸;色氨酸到酪氨酸;酪氨酸到色氨酸或苯丙氨酸;以及缬氨酸到异亮氨酸或亮氨酸。或者,替换可以是非保守的,以使得多肽的功能或活性受到影响。非保守变化通常涉及用化学相异的残基替换残基,例如用极性或带电荷的氨基酸替换非极性或不带电荷的氨基酸,并且反之亦然。
蛋白质可以是在体外重组或合成的。或者,非重组或重组蛋白质可从细菌分离。还预期的是,包含这样的变体的细菌可应用于组合物和方法中。因此不需要分离蛋白质。
预期在组合物中,每ml具有约0.001mg至约10mg的总多肽、肽和 /或蛋白质。因此,组合物中蛋白质的浓度可以为约、至少约或至多约0.001、 0.010、0.050、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9、1.0、1.5、 2.0、2.5、3.0、3.5、4.0、4.5、5.0、5.5、6.0、6.5、7.0、7.5、8.0、8.5、 9.0、9.5、10.0mg/ml或更多(或其中可推导出的任何范围)。其中,约、至少约或至多约1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、 16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29、30、31、 32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39、40、41、42、43、44、45、46、47、 48、49、50、51、52、53、54、55、56、57、58、59、60、61、62、63、 64、65、66、67、68、69、70、71、72、73、74、75、76、77、78、79、 80、81、82、83、84、85、86、87、88、89、90、91、92、93、94、95、 96、97、98、99或100%可以是结合LILRB4的抗体。
抗体或优选地抗体的免疫部分可与具有其他蛋白质的融合蛋白化学缀合或表达为具有其他蛋白质的融合蛋白。出于本说明书和所附权利要求书的目的,所有这样的融合蛋白均包含在抗体或抗体的免疫部分的定义中。
一些实施方案提供了针对LILRB4、多肽和肽的与至少一种试剂连接以形成抗体缀合物或载荷(payload)的抗体和抗体样分子。为了提高抗体分子作为诊断剂或治疗剂的效力,常规地与至少一种期望的分子或部分连接或共价结合或复合。这样的分子或部分可以是但不限于至少一种效应分子或报道分子。效应分子包含具有期望活性(例如,细胞毒活性)的分子。与抗体连接的效应分子的一些非限制性实例包括毒素、治疗性酶、抗生素、放射性标记的核苷酸等。相比之下,报道分子被限定为可使用测定进行检测的任何部分。与抗体缀合的报道分子的一些非限制性实例包括酶、放射性标记、半抗原、荧光标记、磷光分子、化学发光分子、生色团、发光分子、光亲和分子、有色颗粒或配体(例如生物素)。
用于使抗体与其缀合物部分连接或缀合的数种方法是本领域已知的。一些连接方法涉及使用金属螯合复合物,其使用例如与抗体连接的有机螯合剂,例如二乙烯三胺五乙酸酐(diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid anhydride,DTPA);亚乙基三胺四乙酸;N-氯-对-甲苯磺酰胺;和/或四氯 -3-6-二苯基甘脲-3。单克隆抗体还可在存在偶联剂(例如戊二醛或高碘酸盐)的情况下与酶反应。具有荧光素标志物的缀合物在存在这些偶联剂的情况下或通过与异硫氰酸酯反应来制备。
III.治疗方法
本发明实施方案的某些方面可用于预防或治疗与LILRB4信号传导相关的疾病或病症。LILRB4的信号传导可通过任何合适的药物来降低以预防癌细胞增殖。优选地,这样的物质将是抗LILRB4抗体。
可使用本发明治疗方法的肿瘤包括任何恶性细胞类型,例如在实体瘤或血液肿瘤中发现的那些。一些示例性实体瘤可包括但不限于选自以下的器官的肿瘤:胰腺、结肠、盲肠、胃、脑、头、颈、卵巢、肾、喉、肉瘤、肺、膀胱、黑素瘤、前列腺和乳房。一些示例性血液肿瘤包括骨髓瘤、T 或B细胞恶性肿瘤、白血病、淋巴瘤、母细胞瘤、骨髓瘤等。可使用本文中提供的方法治疗的癌症的另一些实例包括但不限于:肺癌(包括小细胞肺癌、非小细胞肺癌、肺腺癌和肺鳞癌)、腹膜癌、胃癌(gastric cancer) 或胃癌(stomach cancer)(包括胃肠癌和胃肠间质癌)、胰腺癌、宫颈癌、卵巢癌、肝癌、膀胱癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌、结直肠癌、子宫内膜癌或子宫癌、唾液腺癌、肾癌(kidney cancer)或肾癌(renal cancer)、前列腺癌、外阴癌、甲状腺癌、多种类型的头颈癌、和黑素瘤。在一些特定实施方案中,癌症是乳腺癌。
癌症可具体地是以下组织学类型,尽管其不限于这些:赘生物 (neoplasm),恶性;癌;癌,未分化;巨细胞和梭形细胞癌;小细胞癌;乳头状癌;鳞状细胞癌;淋巴上皮癌;基底细胞癌;毛基质癌;移行细胞癌;乳头状移行细胞癌;腺癌;胃泌素瘤,恶性;胆管癌;肝细胞癌;组合肝细胞癌与胆管癌;小梁腺癌(trabecular adenocarcinoma);腺样囊性癌;腺瘤性息肉中的腺癌;腺癌,家族性结肠息肉病;实体癌;类癌瘤,恶性;支气管肺泡腺癌;乳头状腺癌;嫌色细胞癌;嗜酸性癌;嗜酸性腺癌;嗜碱性粒细胞癌;透明细胞腺癌;颗粒细胞癌;滤泡性腺癌;乳头状和滤泡性腺癌;非包膜硬化性癌;肾上腺皮质癌;子宫内膜样癌;皮肤附属器癌;顶泌腺腺癌;皮脂腺癌;耵聍腺癌;黏液表皮样癌;囊腺癌;乳头状囊腺癌;乳头状浆液性囊腺癌;黏液性囊腺癌;黏液性腺癌;印戒细胞癌;浸润性导管癌;髓样癌;小叶癌;炎性癌;乳房佩吉特病(paget′s disease);腺泡细胞癌;腺鳞癌;腺癌w/鳞状上皮化生;胸腺瘤,恶性;卵巢间质肿瘤,恶性;卵泡膜细胞瘤(thecoma),恶性;颗粒细胞瘤,恶性;雄性母细胞瘤,恶性;塞托利细胞癌(sertoli cell carcinoma);莱迪希细胞瘤(leydig cell tumor),恶性;脂质细胞瘤,恶性;副神经节瘤,恶性;乳房外副神经节瘤(extra-mammaryparaganglioma),恶性;嗜铬细胞瘤;血管球肉瘤(glomangiosarcoma);恶性黑素瘤;无黑素性黑素瘤;浅表扩散性黑素瘤;恶性雀斑样痣黑素瘤(lentigo malignant melanoma);肢端雀斑样痣黑素瘤(acral lentiginous melanoma);结节性黑素瘤;巨大色素痣内恶性黑素瘤;上皮样细胞黑素瘤;蓝痣,恶性;肉瘤;纤维肉瘤;纤维组织细胞瘤,恶性;黏液肉瘤;脂肪肉瘤;平滑肌肉瘤;横纹肌肉瘤;胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤;肺泡横纹肌肉瘤;间质肉瘤;混合瘤,恶性;苗勒管混合瘤(mullerian mixed tumor)肾母细胞瘤;肝母细胞瘤;癌肉瘤;间叶瘤,恶性;布伦纳瘤(brenner tumor),恶性;叶状肿瘤,恶性;滑膜肉瘤;间皮瘤,恶性;无性细胞瘤;胚胎性癌;畸胎瘤,恶性;卵巢甲状腺肿,恶性;绒毛膜癌;中肾瘤,恶性;血管肉瘤;血管内皮瘤,恶性;卡波西肉瘤(kaposi′s sarcoma);血管外皮细胞瘤,恶性;淋巴管肉瘤;骨肉瘤;皮质旁骨肉瘤;软骨肉瘤;成软骨细胞瘤,恶性;间叶性软骨肉瘤;骨巨细胞瘤;尤因肉瘤(ewing′s sarcoma)牙源性肿瘤,恶性;成釉细胞牙肉瘤;成釉细胞瘤,恶性;成釉细胞纤维肉瘤;松果体瘤,恶性;脊索瘤;胶质瘤,恶性;室管膜瘤;星形细胞瘤;原浆性星形细胞瘤;纤维性星形细胞瘤;星形母细胞瘤;胶质母细胞瘤;少突神经胶质瘤;成少突神经胶质细胞瘤;原始神经外胚层;小脑肉瘤;成神经节细胞瘤;成神经细胞瘤;视网膜母细胞瘤;嗅神经源性肿瘤;脑膜瘤,恶性;神经纤维肉瘤;神经鞘瘤,恶性;颗粒细胞瘤,恶性;恶性淋巴瘤;霍奇金病(hodgkin′s disease);霍奇金副肉芽肿;恶性淋巴瘤,小淋巴细胞性;恶性淋巴瘤,大细胞,弥散性;恶性淋巴瘤,滤泡性;蕈样真菌病;其他特定的非霍奇金淋巴瘤;B细胞淋巴瘤;低级/滤泡性非霍奇金淋巴瘤(non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma,NHL);小淋巴细胞性(smalllymphocytic,SL)NHL;中级/ 滤泡性NHL;中级弥散性NHL;高级免疫母细胞性NHL;高级淋巴母细胞性NHL;高级小非分裂细胞NHL;巨大疾病NHL(bulky disease NHL);套细胞淋巴瘤;AIDS相关淋巴瘤;瓦尔登斯特伦巨球蛋白血症 (Waldenstrom′s macroglobulinemia);恶性组织细胞增生症;多发性骨髓瘤;肥大细胞肉瘤;免疫增生性小肠病;白血病;淋巴性白血病;浆细胞白血病;红白血病;淋巴肉瘤细胞白血病;髓性白血病;嗜碱性粒细胞白血病;嗜酸性粒细胞白血病;单核细胞性白血病;肥大细胞白血病;原巨核细胞白血病;髓样肉瘤;毛细胞白血病;慢性淋巴细胞白血病(chronic lymphocytic leukemia,CLL);急性淋巴细胞白血病(acute lymphoblastic leukemia,ALL);急性髓性白血病(acute myeloidleukemia,AML)以及慢性粒细胞白血病。
A.药物组合物
本文中还提供了包含LILRB4结合抗体和可药用载体的药物组合物和制剂。
本文中所述的药物组合物和制剂可通过将具有所期望纯度的活性成分(例如抗体或多肽)与一种或更多种任选的可药用载体混合来制备 (Remington’s PharmaceuticalSciences第22版,2012),呈经冻干的制剂或水性溶液的形式。可药用载体在所使用的剂量和浓度下通常对接受者无毒,并且包括但不限于:缓冲剂,例如磷酸盐、柠檬酸盐和其他有机酸;抗氧化剂,包括抗坏血酸和甲硫氨酸;防腐剂(例如十八基二甲基苄基氯化铵;氯化六甲铵;苯扎氯铵;苄索氯铵;酚、丁醇或苄醇;对羟基苯甲酸烷基酯,例如对羟基苯甲酸甲酯或对羟基苯甲酸丙酯;儿茶酚;间苯二酚;环己醇;3-戊醇;和间甲酚);低分子量(少于约10个残基)多肽;蛋白质,例如血清白蛋白、明胶或免疫球蛋白;亲水性聚合物,例如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;氨基酸,例如甘氨酸、谷氨酰胺、天冬酰胺、组氨酸、精氨酸或赖氨酸;单糖、二糖和另一些碳水化合物,包括葡萄糖、甘露糖或葡聚糖;螯合剂,例如EDTA;糖,例如蔗糖、甘露糖醇、海藻糖或山梨糖醇;成盐反荷离子,例如钠;金属配合物(例如Zn-蛋白质配合物);和/或非离子表面活性剂,例如聚乙二醇(PEG)。本文中的示例性可药用载体还包括间隙(insterstitial)药物分散剂,例如可溶性中性活性透明质酸酶糖蛋白(sHASEGP),例如人可溶性PH-20透明质酸酶糖蛋白,例如 rHuPH20(Baxter International,Inc.)。在一个方面中, sHASEGP与一种或更多种另外的糖胺聚糖酶(例如软骨素酶)组合。
B.组合治疗
在某些实施方案中,本发明实施方案的组合物和方法涉及与至少一种另外的治疗组合的LILRB4结合抗体。另外的治疗可以是放射治疗、手术 (例如,肿块切除术和乳房切除术)、化学治疗、基因治疗、DNA治疗、病毒治疗、RNA治疗、免疫治疗、骨髓移植、纳米治疗(nanotherapy)、单克隆抗体治疗,或前述的组合。另外的治疗可以是辅助或新辅助治疗的形式。
在一些实施方案中,另外的治疗是施用小分子酶抑制剂或抗转移剂。在一些实施方案中,另外的治疗是施用副作用限制剂(例如,旨在降低治疗副作用的发生和/或严重程度的药剂,例如抗恶心剂等)。在一些实施方案中,另外的治疗是放射治疗。在一些实施方案中,另外的治疗是手术。在一些实施方案中,另外的治疗是放射治疗和手术的组合。在一些实施方案中,另外的治疗是γ辐照。在一些实施方案中,另外的治疗是靶向 PBK/AKT/mTOR途径的治疗、HSP90抑制剂、微管蛋白抑制剂、凋亡抑制剂和/或化学预防剂。另外的治疗可以是本领域中已知的化学治疗剂中的一种或更多种。
LILRB4结合抗体可在相对于另外的癌症治疗(例如免疫检查点治疗) 之前、期间、之后或以多种组合来施用。施用以以同时至数分钟至数天至数周的间隔进行。在其中将免疫细胞治疗与另外的治疗剂分开提供给患者的一些实施方案中,通常将确保在每次递送的时间之间相当长的一段时间内不会失效,以使得两种化合物将仍然能够对患者发挥有利的组合作用。在这样的情况下,考虑在彼此相隔约12至24或72小时内,并且更特别地,在彼此相隔约6至12小时内,可以为患者提供抗体治疗和抗癌治疗。在一些情况下,可期望将治疗时间段显著延长,其中分开施用之间间隔数天(2、3、4、5、6或7天)至数周(1、2、3、4、5、6、7或8周)。
可使用多种组合。对于下面的实例,LILRB4结合抗体是“A”,并且抗癌治疗是“B”:
A/B/A B/A/B B/B/A A/A/B A/B/B B/A/A A/B/B/B B/A/B/B
B/B/B/A B/B/A/B A/A/B/B A/B/A/B A/B/B/A B/B/A/A
B/A/B/A B/A/A/B A/A/A/B B/A/A/A A/B/A/A A/A/B/A
考虑到药剂的毒性(如果有的话),向患者施用本发明实施方案的任何化合物或治疗将遵循用于施用这样的化合物的一般方案。因此,在一些实施方案中,存在监测可归因于组合治疗的毒性的步骤。
1.化学治疗
根据本发明实施方案可使用广泛多种的化学治疗剂。化学治疗剂的一些实例包括:烷化剂,例如噻替派和环磷酰胺;烷基磺酸酯类,例如白消安(busulfan)、英丙舒凡(improsulfan)和哌泊舒凡(piposulfan);氮丙啶类,例如苯佐替哌(benzodopa)、卡波醌(carboquone)、美妥替哌 (meturedopa)和乌瑞替哌(uredopa);乙撑亚胺类(ethylenimine)和甲基蜜胺类(methylamelamine),包括六甲蜜胺(altretamine)、三乙撑蜜胺 (triethylenemelamine)、三乙撑磷酰胺(trietylenephosphoramide)、三乙撑硫代磷酰胺(triethiylenethiophosphoramide)和三羟甲蜜胺 (trimethylolomelamine);番荔枝内酯类(acetogenin)(尤其是布拉他辛 (bullatacin)和布拉他辛酮(bullatacinone));喜树碱类(camptothecin) (包括合成类似物拓扑替康(topotecan));苔藓抑素(bryostatin);卡利抑素(callystatin);CC-1065(包括其阿多来新(adozelesin)、卡折来新 (carzelesin)和比折来新(bizelesin)合成类似物);隐藻素类(cryptophycin) (特别是隐藻素1和隐藻素8);海兔毒素(dolastatin);倍癌霉素 (duocarmycin)(包括合成类似物KW-2189和CB1-TM1);艾榴塞洛素 (eleutherobin);水鬼蕉碱(pancratistatin);匍枝珊瑚醇(sarcodictyin);海绵抑素(spongistatin);氮芥类(nitrogen mustard),例如氯丁酸氮芥 (chlorambucil)、萘氮芥(chlornaphazine)、胆磷酰胺(cholophosphamide)、雌氮芥(estramustine)、异磷酰胺(ifosfamide)、双氯乙基甲胺 (mechlorethamine)、盐酸甲氧氮芥(mechlorethamine oxide hydrochloride)、美法仑(melphalan)、新氮芥(novembichin)、苯芥胆甾醇(phenesterine)、泼尼莫司汀(prednimustine)、曲磷胺(trofosfamide)和尿嘧啶氮芥(uracil mustard);硝基脲类(nitrosurea),例如卡莫司汀(carmustine)、氯脲菌素 (chlorozotocin)、福莫司汀(fotemustine)、洛莫司汀(lomustine)、尼莫司汀(nimustine)和雷莫司汀(ranimnustine);抗生素类,例如烯二炔类(enediyne)抗生素(例如,加利车霉素(calicheamicin),尤其是加利车霉素γ1I和加利车霉素ωI1);达内霉素(dynemicin),包括达内霉素A;二膦酸盐类(bisphosphonate),例如氯膦酸盐(clodronate);埃斯波霉素 (esperamicin);以及新抑癌菌素(neocarzinostatin)生色团和相关色蛋白烯二炔类抗生素生色团、阿克拉霉素(aclacinomysin)、放线菌素(actinomycin)、氨茴霉素(authrarnycin)、氮丝氨酸(azaserine)、博来霉素、放线菌素C(cactinomycin)、卡柔比星(carabicin)、洋红霉素 (carminomycin)、嗜癌霉素(carzinophilin)、色霉素(chromomycinis)、放线菌素D(dactinomycin)、柔红霉素(daunorubicin)、地托比星 (detorubicin)、6-二氮-5-氧代-L-正亮氨酸、多柔比星(doxorubicin)(包括吗啉代-多柔比星、氰基吗啉代-多柔比星、2-吡咯代-多柔比星和脱氧多柔比星)、表柔比星(epirubicin)、依索比星(esorubicin)、依达比星 (idarubicin)、麻西罗霉素(marcellomycin)、丝裂霉素(mitomycin)(例如丝裂霉素C)、霉酚酸(mycophenolic acid)、诺加霉素(nogalarnycin)、橄榄霉素(olivomycin)、培洛霉素(peplomycin)、泊非霉素 (potfimromycin)、嘌呤霉素、三铁阿霉素(quelamycin)、罗多比星 (rodorubicin)、链黑菌素(streptonigrin)、链脲霉素(streptozocin)、杀结核菌素(tubercidin)、乌苯美司(ubenimex)、净司他丁(zinostatin)和佐柔比星(zorubicin);抗代谢物类,例如甲氨蝶呤和5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU);叶酸类似物,例如二甲叶酸(denopterin)、蝶罗呤(pteropterin)和三甲曲沙(trimetrexate);嘌呤类似物,例如氟达拉滨(fludarabine)、6-巯基嘌呤、硫咪嘌呤(thiamiprine)和硫鸟嘌呤;嘧啶类似物,例如安西他滨 (ancitabine)、阿扎胞苷(azacitidine)、6-氮尿苷(6-azauridine)、卡莫氟(carmofur)、阿糖胞苷(cytarabine)、二脱氧尿苷(dideoxyuridine)、多西氟尿啶(doxifluridine)、依诺他滨(enocitabine)和氟尿苷;雄激素类,例如卡鲁睾酮(calusterone)、丙酸屈他雄酮(dromostanolone propionate)、表硫雄醇(epitiostanol)、美雄烷(mepitiostane)和睾内酯;抗肾上腺类,例如米托坦(mitotane)和曲洛司坦(trilostane);叶酸补充剂,例如亚叶酸(frolinic acid);醋葡醛内酯(aceglatone);醛磷酰胺糖苷;氨基酮戊酸;恩尿嘧啶(eniluracil);氨苯吖啶(amsacrine);阿莫斯汀(bestrabucil);比生群(bisantrene);依达曲沙(edatraxate);地磷酰胺(defofamine);地美可辛(demecolcine);地吖醌(diaziquone);依氟鸟氨酸(elformithine);醋酸羟吡咔唑(elliptinium acetate);埃博霉素类(epothilone);依托格鲁 (etoglucid);硝酸镓;羟基脲;香菇多糖(lentinan);氯尼达明(lonidainine);美登素生物碱类(maytansinoid),例如美登素(maytansine)和安丝菌素 (ansamitocin);米托胍腙(mitoguazone);米托蒽醌(mitoxantrone);莫哌达醇(mopidanmol);二胺硝吖啶(nitraerine);喷司他丁(pentostatin);苯来美特(phenamet);吡柔比星(pirarubicin);洛索蒽醌(losoxantrone);鬼臼酸(podophyllinic acid);2-乙基酰肼;丙卡巴肼(procarbazine);PSK 多糖复合体;雷佐生(razoxane);根毒素(rhizoxin);西索菲兰(sizofiran);锗螺胺(spirogermanium);细交链孢菌酮酸(tenuazonic acid);三亚胺醌 (triaziquone);2,2’,2”-三氯三乙胺;单端孢霉烯类(trichothecene)(尤其是T-2毒素、疣孢菌素A(verracurinA)、杆孢菌素A(roridinA)和蛇形菌素(anguidine));乌拉坦(urethan);长春地辛(vindesine);达卡巴嗪 (dacarbazine);甘露氮芥(mannomustine);二溴甘露醇;二溴卫矛醇;哌泊溴烷(pipobroman);加西托星(gacytosine);阿糖胞苷(“Ara-C”);环磷酰胺;紫杉烷类,例如紫杉醇和多西他赛(docetaxel);吉西他滨 (gemcitabine);6-硫鸟嘌呤;巯基嘌呤;铂配位复合体,例如顺铂、奥沙利铂(oxaliplatin)和卡铂;长春碱;铂类;依托泊苷(etoposide)(VP-16);异磷酰胺;米托蒽醌;长春新碱(vincristine);长春瑞滨(vinorelbine);诺安托(novantrone);替尼泊苷(teniposide);依达曲沙(edatrexate);柔红霉素;氨基蝶呤;希罗达(xeloda);伊拜膦酸(ibandronate);伊立替康(irinotecan)(例如,CPT-11);拓扑异构酶抑制剂RFS 2000;二氟甲基鸟氨酸(difluorometlhylornithine,DMFO);类视黄醇,例如视黄酸;卡培他滨(capecitabine);卡铂、丙卡巴肼(procarbazine)、普卡霉素 (plicomycin)、吉西他滨(gemcitabien)、诺维本(navelbine)、法呢基蛋白转移酶抑制剂、反铂(transplatinum);以及以上任一种的可药用盐、酸或衍生物。
2.放射治疗
导致DNA损伤并已广泛使用的其他因素包括通常被称为γ射线、X 射线的那些和/或向肿瘤细胞定向递送放射性同位素。还考虑了其他形式的DNA损伤因素,例如微波、质子束辐照和UV辐照。最有可能的是所有这些因素对DNA、DNA前体、DNA的复制和修复以及染色体的组装和维持引起广泛的损害。X射线的剂量范围为从对于延长时间段(3至4 周)的50至200伦琴的日剂量到2000至6000伦琴的单剂量。放射性同位素的剂量范围变化很大,并且取决于同位素的半衰期、放射辐射的强度和类型以及赘生性细胞的摄取。
3.免疫治疗
技术人员将理解,免疫治疗可与一些实施方案的方法组合或结合使用。在癌症治疗的背景下,免疫治疗剂通常依赖于使用免疫效应细胞和分子以靶向并破坏癌细胞。利妥昔单抗就是这样一个实例。免疫效应物可以是例如对肿瘤细胞表面上的一些标志物具有特异性的抗体。抗体单独可用作治疗的效应物,或者其可募集其他细胞以实际影响细胞杀伤。抗体还可与药物或毒素(化学治疗剂、放射性核素、蓖麻毒素A 链、霍乱毒素、百日咳毒素等)缀合并且用作靶向剂。或者,效应物可以是携带与肿瘤细胞靶标直接或间接地相互作用的表面分子的淋巴细胞。多种效应物细胞包括细胞毒性T细胞和NK细胞。
抗体-药物缀合物(antibody-drug conjugate,ADC)包含与细胞杀伤药物共价连接的单克隆抗体(monoclonal antibody,MAb)并且可用于组合治疗。该方法将Mab针对其抗原靶标的高特异性与高效细胞毒性药物组合,产生将载荷(药物)递送至具有丰富抗原水平的肿瘤细胞的“武装”MAb。药物的靶向递送还使其在正常组织中的暴露最小化,导致毒性降低和治疗指数提高。示例性ADC药物包括(维汀-布仑妥昔单抗(brentuximab vedotin))和(曲妥珠单抗美坦新 (trastuzumabemtansine)或T-DM1)。
在免疫治疗的一个方面中,肿瘤细胞必须具有可进行靶向的一些标志物,即,该标志物不存在于大多数其他细胞上。存在许多肿瘤标志物,并且这些肿瘤标志物中的任一种可适合于本发明实施方案的情况中的靶向。常见的肿瘤标志物包括CD20、癌胚抗原、酪氨酸酶(p97)、gp68、TAG-72、 HMFG、唾液酸化的路易斯抗原(Sialyl Lewis Antigen)、MucA、MucB、 PLAP、层黏连蛋白受体、erb B、erb b2和p155。免疫治疗的一个替代方面是将抗癌作用与免疫刺激作用组合。还存在免疫刺激分子,包括:细胞因子,例如IL-2、IL-4、IL-12、GM-CSF、γ-IFN;趋化因子,例如MIP-1、 MCP-1、IL-8;和生长因子,例如FLT3配体。
免疫治疗的一些实例包括免疫佐剂,例如牛分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium bovis)、恶性疟原虫(Plasmodium falciparum)、二硝基氯苯和芳族化合物);细胞因子治疗,例如干扰素α、β和γ;IL-1、GM-CSF和TNF;基因治疗,例如TNF、IL-1、IL-2和p53;以及单克隆抗体,例如抗CD20、抗神经节苷脂GM2和抗p185。考虑一种或更多种抗癌治疗可与本文中所述的抗体治疗一起使用。
在一些实施方案中,免疫治疗可以是免疫检查点抑制剂。免疫检查点调高信号(例如,共刺激分子)或调低信号。可通过免疫检查点阻断而被靶向的抑制性免疫检查点包括腺苷A2A受体(A2A receptor,A2AR)、 B7-H3(也称为CD276)、B和T淋巴细胞衰减剂(B and Tlymphocyte attenuator,BTLA)、细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关蛋白4(cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4,CTLA-4,也称为CD152)、吲哚胺2,3- 双加氧酶(indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase,IDO)、杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白 (killer-cellimmunoglobulin,KIR)、淋巴细胞活化基因-3(lymphocyte activation gene-3,LAG3)、程序性死亡1(programmed death 1,PD-1)、 T-细胞免疫球蛋白结构域和黏蛋白结构域3(T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain 3,TIM-3)和T细胞活化的V结构域Ig抑制物(V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation,VISTA)。特别地,免疫检查点抑制剂靶向PD-1轴和/或CTLA-4。
免疫检查点抑制剂可以是药物,例如小分子、重组形式的配体或受体,或者特别是抗体,例如人抗体。可使用免疫检查点蛋白或其类似物的已知抑制剂,特别是可使用嵌合、人源化或人形式的抗体。如技术人员将知晓的,替代和/或等同名称可用于本公开内容中提及的某些抗体。在本公开内容的上下文中,这样的替代和/或等同名称是可互换的。例如,已知,兰洛利珠单抗(lambrolizumab)也以替代和等同名称MK-3475和派姆单抗(pembrolizumab)而被知晓。
在一些实施方案中,PD-1结合拮抗剂是抑制PD-1与其配体结合配偶体结合的分子。在一个具体方面中,PD-1配体结合配偶体是PDL1和/或 PDL2。在另一个实施方案中,PDL1结合拮抗剂是抑制PDL1与其结合配偶体结合的分子。在一个具体方面中,PDL1结合配偶体是PD-1和/或 B7-1。在另一个实施方案中,PDL2结合拮抗剂是抑制PDL2与其结合配偶体结合的分子。在一个具体方面中,PDL2结合配偶体是PD-1。拮抗剂可以是抗体、其抗原结合片段、免疫黏附蛋白、融合蛋白或寡肽。
在一些实施方案中,PD-1结合拮抗剂是抗PD-1抗体(例如,人抗体、人源化抗体或嵌合抗体)。在一些实施方案中,抗PD-1抗体选自纳武单抗 (nivolumab)、派姆单抗和CT-011。在一些实施方案中,PD-1结合拮抗剂是免疫黏附蛋白(例如,包含与恒定区(例如,免疫球蛋白序列的Fc 区)融合的PDL1或PDL2的胞外部分或PD-1结合部分的免疫黏附蛋白)。在一些实施方案中,PD-1结合拮抗剂是AMP-224。纳武单抗,也称为 MDX-1106-04、MDX-1106、ONO-4538、BMS-936558和是可使用的抗PD-1抗体。派姆单抗,也称为MK-3475、Merck 3475、兰洛利珠单抗、和SCH-900475,是示例性抗PD-1抗体。CT-011,也称为hBAT或hBAT-1,也是抗PD-1抗体。AMP-224,也称为B7-DCIg,是PDL2-Fc融合可溶性受体。
可在本文提供的方法中被靶向的另一种免疫检查点是细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关蛋白4(CTLA-4),也称为CD152。人CTLA-4的完整cDNA 序列的Genbank登记号为L15006。CTLA-4存在于T细胞表面上并且当与抗原呈递细胞表面上的CD80或CD86结合时用作“关闭”开关。CTLA4 是免疫球蛋白超家族的成员,其在辅助性T细胞的表面上表达并向T细胞传递抑制信号。CTLA4与T细胞共刺激蛋白CD28类似,并且这两种分子均与抗原呈递细胞上的CD80和CD86(也分别称为B7-1和B7-2)结合。CTLA4向T细胞传递抑制信号,而CD28传递刺激信号。胞内CTLA4 也存在于调节性T细胞中并且对其功能可能是重要的。通过T细胞受体和 CD28的T细胞活化导致CTLA-4(B7分子的抑制性受体)的表达提高。
在一些实施方案中,免疫检查点抑制剂是抗CTLA-4抗体(例如,人抗体、人源化抗体或嵌合抗体)、其抗原结合片段、免疫黏附蛋白、融合蛋白或寡肽。
可使用本领域中公知的方法来产生适合于用于本发明方法的抗人 CTLA-4抗体(或来源于其的VH和/或VL结构域)。或者,可使用本领域公认的抗CTLA-4抗体。示例性抗CTLA-4抗体是伊匹单抗(ipilimumab) (也称为10D1、MDX-010、MDX-101和)或其抗原结合片段和变体。在另一些实施方案中,抗体包含伊匹单抗的重链和轻链CDR或VR。因此,在一个实施方案中,抗体包含伊匹单抗VH区的CDR1、CDR2和 CDR3结构域,以及伊匹单抗VL区的CDR1、CDR2和CDR3结构域。在另一个实施方案中,抗体与上述抗体竞争与CTLA-4上的相同的表位结合和/或结合至CTLA-4上的相同表位。在另一个实施方案中,抗体与上述抗体具有至少约90%的可变区氨基酸序列同一性(例如,与伊匹单抗具有至少约90%、95%或99%的可变区同一性)。
4.手术
约60%患有癌症的人将经历某种类型的手术,其包括预防性、诊断性或分期、治愈性和姑息性手术。治愈性手术包括其中全部或一部分癌性组织被物理去除、切除和/或破坏的切除术,并且可与其他治疗(例如本发明实施方案的治疗、化学治疗、放射治疗、激素治疗、基因治疗、免疫治疗和/或替代治疗)结合使用。肿瘤切除术是指物理去除肿瘤的至少一部分。除肿瘤切除术之外,通过手术的治疗包括激光手术、冷冻手术、电外科手术和用显微控制的手术(莫氏手术(Mohs’surgery)。
在切除一部分或全部癌性细胞、组织或肿瘤之后,可在体内形成腔。治疗可通过灌注、直接注射或向该区域局部施加另外的抗癌治疗来完成。这样的治疗可例如每1、2、3、4、5、6或7天进行重复,或者每1、2、 3、4和5周进行重复,或者每1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11或12个月进行重复。这些治疗也可使用不同的剂量。
5.另外的药剂
考虑可将另外的药剂与本发明实施方案的某些方面组合使用以提高治疗的治疗效力。这些另外的药剂包括影响细胞表面受体与GAP连接的增量调节的药剂、细胞抑制剂和分化剂、细胞黏附抑制剂、提高过度增殖细胞对凋亡诱导剂之敏感性的药剂,或其他生物药剂。通过提高GAP连接数提高胞间信号传导将提高邻近过度增殖细胞群的抗过度增殖性作用。在另一些实施方案中,细胞抑制剂或分化剂可与本发明实施方案的某些方面组合使用以提高治疗的抗过度增殖性效力。考虑细胞黏附抑制剂以提高本发明实施方案的效力。细胞黏附抑制剂的一些实例是黏着斑激酶(focal adhesion kinase,FAK)抑制剂和洛伐他汀(Lovastatin)。
IV.制品或药盒(Articles of Manufacture or Kits)
本文中还提供了包含LILRB4结合抗体的制品或药盒。制品或药盒可还包含包装插页,所述包装插页包含使用抗体以在个体中治疗癌症或延迟癌症进展或增强患有癌症的个体的免疫功能的说明。本文中所述的任何抗体或组合治疗可包含在制品或药盒中。合适的容器包括例如瓶、小瓶、袋和注射器。容器可由多种材料例如玻璃、塑料(例如聚氯乙烯或聚烯烃) 或金属合金(例如不锈钢或哈氏合金(hastelloy))形成。在一些实施方案中,容器容纳制剂并且容器上或与容器相关的标签可指示使用指导。制品或药盒可还包含从商业和使用者立场来看期望的其他材料,包括另外的缓冲液、稀释剂、过滤器、针、注射器和具有使用说明的包装插页。在一些实施方案中,制品还包含一种或更多种其他药剂(例如,化学治疗剂和抗肿瘤剂)。对于一种或更多种药剂合适的容器包括例如瓶、小瓶、袋和注射器。
V.实施例
包含以下实施例以说明本发明的一些优选实施方案。本领域技术人员应理解,在随后实施例中公开的技术代表本发明人发现的在本发明的实践中工作良好的技术,并因此可被认为构成用于实践本发明的优选模式。然而,本领域技术人员根据本公开内容应理解,可在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,对所公开的一些具体实施方案进行许多改变并且仍然获得相同或类似的结果。
实施例1-LILRB4抗体表征
大量的共受体/共抑制剂在肿瘤浸润性细胞上表达并且尚未在肿瘤背景下进行研究,这导致寻找新的靶标。为了鉴定这样的靶标,采用了转录组学和蛋白质组学方法。在转移性黑素瘤模型B16-F10中在肿瘤微环境 (tumor microenvironment,TME)中通过nanostring分析了许多抑制性受体的RNA表达(图1A)。本发明人的方法鉴定了Lilrb4,其是在肿瘤微环境中高度表达的包含ITIM的受体。在B16黑素瘤小鼠模型中,Lilrb4 基因表达甚至高于pdcd-1基因表达,这表明该受体可能在肿瘤微环境中发挥重要作用。还通过nanostring分析在来自黑素瘤患者的肿瘤中分析了该受体的基因表达。nanostring基因表达数据显示lilrb4在人黑素瘤中相对较高的表达(图1B)。然后采用多色流式细胞术以在B16F10黑素瘤小鼠模型中分析晚期肿瘤浸润性T细胞上抑制性受体组的表达。在肿瘤浸润性 T细胞上观察到LILRB4的高表达并且这种表达与另一种已知的抑制性受体PD-1相当(图2A)。在CD4 T细胞上LILRB4的表达随着肿瘤尺寸的提高而提高,因为发现与B16-F10攻击之后第14天相比,在第22天时 LILRB4在CD4 T细胞上的表达提高(图2B)。这进一步确定了LILRB4 在肿瘤微环境中可能发挥重要作用的假设,因此LILRB4(GP49B)抑制性受体被确定为免疫治疗的潜在靶标,其在肿瘤浸润性细胞上高表达,与 PD-1和CTLA-4相当(图1和2)。该受体的表达还在多种肿瘤浸润性细胞上通过流式细胞术进行了分析,并且分析表明LILRB4在髓样群体内的 CD11b+F-4/80+巨噬细胞上高度表达(图3A)。在CD4+t细胞内,与CD4+FoxP3-T效应物群相比,该受体的表达在CD4+FoxP3+Treg群上相对更多(图3B)。为了进一步深入研究不同细胞亚群水平的肿瘤浸润性细胞中的LILRB4表达,使用了质谱细胞术(Cytof),其中可同时研究多于 30种标志物。开发了髓样组和淋巴样组。在每组中用经金属标记的抗体对从经消化MC38肿瘤获得的肿瘤浸润性细胞进行染色,进行条码化并在 cytof机(Helios)上运行。在Matlab平台上使用Cyt2软件对获得的数据进行分析。髓样组鉴定了频率大于0.5%的总数15个簇,其包括为单核细胞/巨噬细胞(簇1至6和9至12)、DC簇(7、8和13)、嗜酸性粒细胞簇(簇14)和嗜中性粒细胞簇(簇15)的多个群体(图4)。LILRB4在除簇13和14之外的大多数簇上表达。单核细胞/巨噬细胞簇具有最高的 LILRB4表达水平,但是其在不同的簇中是变化的。在LILRB4表达簇中,三个簇具有最高的LILRB4表达。这些簇是簇6(CD11b+F4/80低Arg-1高 CCR2高CX3CR1+Ly6C高簇)、簇10(CD11b+F4/80高Arg1+IDO高CD204高 CD64+CX3CR1高CD206+CCR2+Ly6C+簇)和簇11(CD11b+F4/80低CD68 高CX3CR1低CD163+Arg-1+IDO+CD204+CD64+PDL1高PD1L2高),表明该受体在具有抑制性表型的巨噬细胞上的表达。为了全面表征T细胞群,设计了T细胞亚群标志物(CD4、CD8和FoxP3)、NK1.1、TCRγ-δ和多种抑制性受体标志物的染色组。使用无监督聚类开发了表型限定的肿瘤浸润性T细胞群的高分辨率图谱,并且确定了相对频率大于0.5%的11个簇,其包括三个CD4 Treg簇、两个CD4 Teff簇和三个CD8 T细胞簇(图5)。在T细胞中,LILRB4表达在Treg上最高。存在Treg的三个簇:KLRG1 高ICOS高TGFβ高、KLRG1高ICOS+TGFβ低和KLRG1低ICOS高TGFβ高。LILRB4 的最高表达在KLRG1高ICOS高TGFβ高Treg簇上并且最低表达在KLRG1低 ICOS高TGF高簇上。存在CD4效应T细胞的两个簇:PD-1高LAG3+和PD-1- LAG3-。在CD4效应T细胞的这两个簇中,LILRB4的表达在PD-1高LAG3 高CD4Teff细胞上更高。存在三个独特的CD8 T细胞簇,在这3个簇中, LILRB4仅在PD-1高LAG3高Tim-3高簇上表达。这些结果表明LILRB4表达与其他免疫抑制性受体相关。它们还确定了早前的观察,即LILRB4在具有耗竭表型的CD8 T细胞和调节性T细胞上表达。
为了了解该受体在肿瘤微环境中的作用,在用Bl6/F10攻击小鼠并进一步用针对LILRB4的山羊多克隆抗体和同种型对照的瘤内注射对其进行处理之后分析肿瘤负荷和存活(图6A)。与注射同种型对照(山羊IgG) 和载剂对照的小鼠中的肿瘤生长相比,在注射了针对该受体的抗体的小鼠中,肿瘤生长显著降低(图6B)。在肿瘤浸润性T细胞上评估抗体处理的功能性作用。用B16/F10肿瘤攻击小鼠并将其用抗LILRB4抗体和同种型对照处理。在第14天最后一次处理之后两天,分离肿瘤、消化并制备单细胞悬液。然后用流式细胞术抗体按指示对这些细胞进行染色。为了了解抗LILRB4抗体对TIL的作用,分析了肿瘤内每个T细胞亚群的频率。与同种型对照处理组相比,在抗LILRB4抗体处理组中,肿瘤内CD3+T细胞群的百分比和群体显著提高(图7A)。与同种型对照组相比,在抗 LILRB4处理组中的肿瘤内,CD8T细胞和CD4+FoxP3-Teff百分比也上升(图7B和C)。然而,令人感兴趣地,抗LILRB4处理组中的CD4+FoxP3+ Treg的频率降低(图7D)。在B16黑素瘤模型中,CD8 T细胞和CD4 Teff 与Treg的比可预测治疗的治疗效力。因此,研究这些比例是重要的,并且发现在抗LILRB4抗体处理组中,肿瘤内CD8 T细胞和CD4效应T细胞与Treg的比均显著提高(图8A和B)。在抗LILRB4抗体处理组中, CD8+Ki67+和CD8+GzB+与Treg的比也高,表明在抗LILRB4抗体处理之后CD8 T细胞的增殖以及细胞毒性均提高(图8C和D)。为了进一步确定LILRB4表达不是肿瘤特异性的,在多种已知的鼠肿瘤模型中分析了其表达,所述模型例如mT5(胰腺肿瘤)、RENCA(肾癌)、4T1(乳腺癌)、 MC38(结肠癌)、MB49(膀胱癌)、TrampC2(前列腺癌)。其表达还在自发性前列腺肿瘤小鼠模型TRAMP的前列腺肿瘤浸润性细胞中进行了分析,并将其与来自原初小鼠前列腺的细胞进行了比较。发现LILRB4在所有这些肿瘤模型的肿瘤浸润性CD45+细胞中广泛表达(图9A和B)。还在另一肿瘤模型Tramp-C2中的CD4 T细胞和CD8 T细胞二者中分析了 LILRB4的表达。发现在Tramp-C2模型中LILRB4的相似表达模式,其中与脾CD4和CD8 T细胞相比,LILRB4的表达在肿瘤浸润性CD4 T和CD8 T细胞上更高(图9C)。为了确定LILRB4在抗肿瘤免疫中的作用,用 B16/F10或mT5肿瘤模型攻击LILRB4敲除(LILRB4 KO)小鼠。测量肿瘤负荷和存活并将其与野生型(wild-type,WT)对照进行比较。该结果表明,与野生型(WT)对照相比,在LILRB4敲除小鼠中,肿瘤负荷降低并且存活提高(图10和11)。从用B16/F10细胞攻击的LILRB4 ko和野生型(WT)小鼠分析从肿瘤浸润性细胞提取的mRNA。在LILRB4KO 小鼠中,许多免疫相关细胞差异上调,这与抗肿瘤途径例如CD8a和Gzmb 相关(图12)。还在体外使从LILRB4 ko小鼠和野生型(WT)小鼠分离的脾T细胞活化,并发现与WT T细胞相比,来自LILRB4 ko CD8和CD4 T细胞的IFN-γ和TNF-α的分泌均提高,这进一步确定了LILRB4发挥的抑制性作用(图13)。受山羊多克隆抗体和LILRB4敲除鼠模型的结果的鼓舞,开发了针对小鼠LILRB4的单克隆抗体,并通过流式细胞术鉴定了表现出与LILRB4过表达细胞结合的抗体克隆。该抗体显示出与鼠LILRB4 和人LILRB4过表达细胞二者结合,表明该抗体的交叉反应性(图14A和 B)。在选择杂交瘤候选主细胞(master cell)之后,从该克隆中纯化抗体并在用MC38鼠肿瘤模型攻击小鼠之后将其注射在小鼠中(图15A)。注射了抗LILRB4抗体的小鼠显示出肿瘤负荷显著降低和存活提高(图15B 和C)。将在抗LILRB4抗体注射之后在初次MC38肿瘤攻击中存活的小鼠用五倍剂量的MC38再攻击,并且不进行处理。早期用抗LILRB4抗体处理的小鼠完全排斥更高剂量的肿瘤再攻击(图16)。通过多色流式细胞术在黑素瘤、肾细胞癌和乳腺癌患者的肿瘤样品中分析LILRB4细胞表面蛋白表达。发现在肿瘤浸润性CD45+细胞上高度表达(图17)。LILRB4 在黑素瘤和乳腺癌患者中在淋巴样和髓样区室二者中均表达,并且 LILRB4+CD3+T细胞显示出更耗竭或更功能障碍的T细胞谱,由与 LILRB4-CD3+T细胞相比,CTLA-4、PD-1和LAG-3在这些细胞上的更高表达所示(图18A和B)。类似地,与LILRB4-CD4+T细胞相比,来自经 B16/F10攻击的小鼠之肿瘤的LILRB4+CD4+T细胞显示出许多抑制性受体的表达提高,表明该受体的表达与耗竭表型的关联(图18C)。通过质谱细胞术(CyTOF)分析的黑素瘤患者中LILRB4的细胞表面蛋白质表达数据表明,在髓样群体中,LILRB4在簇6、8和17上高度表达,在簇15 和16上低水平表达(图19)。簇6是CD11b+CD68高CD206高PD1-L1高 PD1-L2高VISTA高CSF-1R高簇,簇8是CD11b+CD68+CD206+PD1-L1高PD1-L2高VISTA+CSF-1R+簇,簇17是CD11b-CD68+CD123高 CD38+VISTA+CD11c+DC亚群。这种表达模式表明人肿瘤中的LILRB4在抑制性肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(TAM)上也高度表达。为了了解LILRB4在不同肿瘤中的表达程度及其与多种其他免疫相关分子的相关性,使用生物信息学方法分析来自癌症基因组图谱数据库(the Cancer Genome Atlas database,TCGA)的不同癌症类型的表达数据,例如膀胱癌(Bladder Cancer,BLCA)、乳腺癌(Breast cancer,BRCA)、肺鳞状细胞癌(Lung squamous cell carcinoma,LUSC)、肺腺癌(Lungadenocarcinoma,LUAD) 和皮肤性皮肤黑素瘤(Skin cutaneous melanoma,SKCM)。LILRB4与不同肿瘤类型中的其他抑制性分子高度相关,特别是PD-1(斯皮尔曼等级相关系数(Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient)(ρ=0.67至0.84))和 TIM-3(HAVCR2)(斯皮尔曼等级相关系数(ρ=0.84至0.95))(图20A)。 LILRB4还与细胞毒性颗粒如颗粒酶(GZMA、GZMB和GZMK)和穿孔素(PRF1)、干扰素-γ(IFNG)以及白介素IL-12(IL-12RB1)和IL-2(IL2RB 和IL2RG)高度相关,表明其在T细胞免疫中的重要功能性作用(图20B)。与正常组织样品相比,在BRCA、LUSC和LUAD肿瘤样品中, LILRB4:CD3ε表达比也显著提高,表明与正常组织相比,LILRB4在宽范围肿瘤中上调(图21)。
还分析了抗LILRB4单克隆抗体处理对肿瘤相关髓样细胞的作用。为此,在不同日用抗LILRB4抗体处理小鼠,将肿瘤解剖,从肿瘤分离细胞并用cytof抗体进行染色并在cytof机(Helios)上运行。使用髓样组在 CD45+CD3-肿瘤相关细胞中鉴定了二十个簇。这些簇被注释为单核细胞/ 巨噬细胞的十四个簇(簇1至8、12、14至16)、四个DC簇(9、11、13 和17)、一个嗜中性粒细胞簇(簇20)和一个嗜酸性粒细胞簇(簇10)(图 22)。在单核细胞/巨噬细胞簇中,在用抗LILRB4单克隆抗体处理之后,簇1、5、6和12的频率下降。簇1是CD11b+F4/80+CCR2高CX3CR1高 Arg1+IDO高CD204高VISTA+LILRB4高PDL1+簇,簇5是CD11b+F4/80低 CCR2高Arg1+CX3CR1+IDO+CD204+LILRB4+Ly6C高簇,簇6是CD11b+F4/80 低CCR2高Arg1高CX3CR1+IDO+CD204+LILRB4高Ly6C高簇,簇12是 CD11b+F4/801+CCR2+Arg1+CX3CR1+IDO+CD204+LILRB4高簇。精氨酸酶1 (Arg-1)、CX3CR1和IDO在这些簇中的表达表明这些簇是抑制性巨噬细胞簇。此外,在抗LILRB4抗体之后频率降低的簇具有CCR2和CX3CR1+ 的高表面表达,这与肿瘤的不良预后相关。簇5和6被鉴定为Ly6C高 CCR2+循环单核细胞簇,其被募集到肿瘤并变成免疫抑制性TAM。在抗 LILRB4单克隆抗体之后提高的单核细胞/巨噬细胞簇包括簇7、8、10、14。簇7是LILRB4低CD11b+F4/80-CD68+ CX3CR1-MHCII+ICAM1+IDO-Arg1-CD11c+簇,簇8是LILRB4低CD11b高F4/80+CD68+iNOS2+Arg1-IDO低PD1-L1高CD14高CD64+CD11c+,簇10是 CD11b+F4/80低Siglec-F高嗜酸性粒细胞。簇14是LILRB4低 MHCII+VISTA+CD14+CD40+,其不表达CD11b或CD11c并且可以是B细胞簇。这些簇不表达与抑制性巨噬细胞相关的表型,并因此令人感兴趣地,如前所述抑制性表型簇水平的降低和上述非抑制性巨噬细胞簇的提高表明在用抗LILRB4单克隆抗体处理之后肿瘤微环境从促肿瘤到抗肿瘤的变化。
使用T细胞组在肿瘤浸润性CD3+T细胞中鉴定了十二个簇。它们被注释为Treg的两个簇(簇1和8)、CD4 Teff细胞的三个簇(簇3、7和 11)、CD8 T细胞的四个簇(簇2、6、9和10)、NKT细胞的两个簇(簇 4和5)和一个γδT细胞簇(簇12)。在Treg簇中,在抗LILRB4抗体处理之后,LILRB4高ICOS高KLRG1高LAP-TGFβ高簇的频率略微下降,而 LILRB4低ICOS+KLRG1+LAP-TGFβ低簇显示出略微提高。在CD4+Foxp3-T 细胞簇中,在抗LILRB4处理之后,所有簇的频率均提高。在CD8簇中,簇2是Tim3+LAG3+PD1+耗竭的CD8+T细胞簇,并且该簇在抗LILRB4 处理之后非常显著的降低。在抗LILRB4处理组中,簇6和9也显示出略微降低并且仅簇10提高。簇6是PD-1-CD127+Eomes+,而簇9是 Tim3+LAG3+PD1+耗竭的CD8+T细胞簇。仅一个CD8簇,簇10提高并且该簇是原初CD127+CD8+簇。这些结果表明,用抗LILRB4抗体进行处理将CD4 T细胞调向更多的效应物表型,而耗竭的CD8 T细胞降低并且原初CD8 T细胞提高。因此,阻断该受体可以是用于癌症免疫治疗的可用方法。
本文中讨论的结果说明了LILRB4可以是用于在人癌症中进行免疫治疗的良好靶标,并且可就其本身或与检查点阻断抗体组合用作针对癌症的治疗干预。
实施例2-材料和方法
小鼠
6至8周龄的C57BL/6野生型小鼠购自Jackson实验室。根据机构指南,所有小鼠均在无特定病原体的条件下饲养。MD安德森癌症中心机构动物护理和使用委员会(MDAnderson Cancer Center’s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee)批准了所有动物实验。
细胞系和试剂
小鼠黑素瘤细胞系B16/F10如前所述维持(参见Van Elsas et al. 1999)。胰腺癌细胞系mT5如前所述维持(参见Boj et al.,2015)。MC38 鼠结肠癌细胞获自N.Restifo(国家癌症研究所(National Cancer Institute)) 并将其在补充有10%FBS和青霉素/链霉素(P/S)的DMEM中培养。将化学诱导的鼠膀胱癌MB49细胞系在具有10%FBS和P/S的DMEM中培养。鼠肾腺癌细胞系RENCA细胞系获自MDACC细胞系核心并将其维持在具有10%FBS和P/S的DMEM中。TRAMP-C2细胞系来源于雄性 TRAMP小鼠的前列腺肿瘤,并由Dr.N.Greenberg提供,并如前所述维持 (参见Foster et al.,1997)。以下抗体用于对肿瘤的流式细胞术分析。抗小鼠CD4(克隆GK1.5)、抗小鼠CD8(克隆53-6.7)、抗小鼠CD45.2(克隆104)、抗小鼠F4/80(克隆BM8)、抗小鼠I-A/I-E(克隆M5/114.15.2)、抗小鼠TNFα、抗小鼠CD11c(N418)、抗小鼠CD19(6D5)、抗小鼠NK1.1 (PK136)、抗小鼠Tim-3、抗小鼠CD160(克隆7H1)均购自Biolegend。抗小鼠CD3(克隆145-2C11)、抗小鼠/人颗粒酶B(克隆GB11)、抗人 CD3、抗人CD45、抗人CTLA4、抗人PD-1均购自BD Biosciences。抗小鼠Foxp3(克隆FJK-16s)、抗小鼠PD-1(克隆J43)、抗小鼠CD272(BTLA)、抗小鼠2B4(244.2)、抗小鼠PD-1H(VISTA)、抗小鼠LAG-3、抗小鼠LILRB4、抗小鼠CD11b(克隆M1/70)、抗小鼠GR-1(克隆1A8)、抗人 CD279(PD-1)、抗人CD223(LAG-3)、抗人LILRB4(ILT3)均购自 eBioscience。功能性抗小鼠CD3e单克隆抗体(克隆500A2)和抗小鼠CD28 单克隆抗体(37.51)也购自eBiosciences。山羊多克隆抗小鼠LILRB4(GP49B)抗体购自Santa Cruz Biotechnology。单克隆抗LILRB4抗体杂交瘤在亚美尼亚仓鼠(Armenian hamster)中产生。选择杂交瘤并通过 ELISA筛选来自所得克隆的上清液并通过FACS筛选其与LILRB4过表达细胞系结合。将所选择的克隆送至BioXcell以用于抗体的大规模纯化。
肿瘤攻击和处理
在第0天在小鼠右胁腹上给予小鼠皮内注射的3×105个B16/F10细胞或皮下注射的1×105个mT5细胞、3×105个MC38细胞、2×105个 MB49细胞、2×105个RENCA细胞和4×105个4T1细胞。然后在第3、 6、9和12天用腹膜内注射单克隆抗LILRB4抗体(250μg)或瘤内注射多克隆抗LILRB4抗体(50μg)对小鼠进行处理。对于再攻击记忆实验,对在初次肿瘤攻击中存活并且早期已用抗LILRB4抗体治疗处理的小鼠用 5倍剂量的肿瘤细胞进行再攻击并且不进行处理。在其中将在第14天处死小鼠以理解机制的实验中,将B16/F10细胞的初始注射加倍至6×105个细胞。在第14天将这些小鼠处死以获得肿瘤并引流淋巴结或分析肿瘤生长。对于肿瘤负荷或存活实验,当肿瘤生长至1000mm3时,小鼠被认为是濒死的并被人道地处死。
肿瘤处理和流式细胞术
对于肿瘤浸润性细胞的表型和功能性分析,如上所述对小鼠进行攻击和处理。在第14天将来自每个处理组的小鼠人道地处死,并且分离它们的肿瘤和脾。将分离的肿瘤称重、机械解剖并随后用DNA酶I和释放酶 TL(Roche)在37℃下消化30分钟,并随后通过70μm尼龙细胞过滤器过滤。将脾通过70μm尼龙细胞过滤器机械解剖,洗涤,使用来自 Sigma-Aldrich的RBC裂解缓冲液在冰上将RBC裂解5分钟。将这些细胞用活/死可固定蓝(Live/Dead fixable blue)(LifeTechnologies)进行染色,以从分析中排除死细胞,然后用细胞表面抗体进行染色。将这些细胞用来自eBioscience的FoxP3 Fix/Perm缓冲液试剂盒根据制造商说明进一步固定和透化,并随后用胞内抗体进行染色以用于通过流式细胞术的进一步分析。在BD LSR II细胞仪上获取数据并通过FlowJo软件进行分析。
人肿瘤分析
将新鲜的肿瘤人工切碎,然后用DMEM中的2mg/mL胶原酶A (Roche,目录号11-088-793-001)和40单位/mL DNA酶I(Sigma-Aldrich,目录号D5025)进行酶消化,并将其在搅拌下在37℃下孵育60分钟。在孵育之后,使消化物通过70μm过滤器以去除残余颗粒。然后使细胞沉淀 (在600g下离心5分钟),在PBS中洗涤,使用台盼蓝(Trypan Blue) 排除生存力染料进行计数,并且再沉淀,然后以约1至5百万个活细胞/mL 最终重悬于包含90%FBS和10%DMSO(Sigma-Aldrich,目录号D2650) 的细胞培养冷冻培养基中。将样品立即进行受控冷冻(CoolCell LX)至-80℃,然后将其移到长期液氮储存器中。
从肿瘤中提取RNA和Nanostring分析
如上所述对小鼠进行攻击和处理,并在第14天将其人道地处死以分离肿瘤。将分离的肿瘤在gentleMACS M管中,在存在Trizol试剂的情况下,通过使用gentleMACS解离器进行解离。使用RiboPure RNA纯化试剂盒,按照试剂盒制造商方案,从解离的组织中进一步提取RNA。对于每个Nanostring测定,将来自肿瘤的总RNA与Nanostring code组混合物在65摄氏度下孵育过夜。然后将Nanostring nCounter准备站装载该反应混合物筒(reactionmix cartridge)以用于结合和洗涤。然后将该筒转移至 Nanostring nCounter数字分析仪以进行扫描和数据收集。
T细胞的体外活化
从LILRB4敲除(KO)和野生型(WT)小鼠中分离原初脾。从脾制备单细胞悬液,通过将其在冰上孵育5分钟,用RBC裂解缓冲液裂解红细胞,并通过细胞过滤器过滤脾细胞。通过使用来自Stemcell technologies 的阴性T细胞分离试剂盒来分离原初未接触的总T细胞。将5至7×104个原初T细胞在96孔圆底板中用抗CD3(1.25μg/ml)和抗CD28(1.25 μg/ml)抗体体外刺激72小时。在刺激的最后4小时期间添加0.5μl/ml 莫能霉素(monensin)(BDBiosciences)和0.5μl/ml布雷菲德菌素A (brefeldin A)(BD Biosciences)。然后对细胞表面进行染色,并用来自 eBioscience的FoxP3 Fix/Perm缓冲液试剂盒根据制造商说明将这些细胞进一步固定和透化,并随后用胞内抗体进行染色以用于通过流式细胞术的进一步分析。
抗LILRB4单克隆抗体的产生
将LILRB4肽-KLH用于免疫接种亚美尼亚仓鼠。在补充有20%FBS、 1mM丙酮酸钠、4mM L-谷氨酰胺、50U/ml青霉素、50μg/ml链霉素、 50μM 2-ME和1%杂交瘤克隆因子的Iscove’s DMEM中进行融合,并通过 HAT(次黄嘌呤-氨基蝶呤-胸苷(hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine))培养基进行选择。筛选杂交瘤上清液的主要方法是使用肽-BSA的Elisa,并随后将选择的杂交瘤用流式细胞术针对与LILRB4过表达细胞结合进行筛选。对于流动筛选,将LILRB4过表达细胞和亲本CHO细胞用LILRB4 抗体或培养上清液在4℃下染色30分钟。将这些细胞用FACS缓冲液洗涤两次,并用与PE缀合的抗亚美尼亚仓鼠二抗在4℃下染色30分钟以用于通过流式细胞术进一步分析。
质谱细胞术抗体
金属缀合抗体购自Fluidigm,或未经标记抗体购自多个供应商并在内部根据制造商方案(Fluidigm)与金属缀合。通过对每种抗体的系列稀释和对相关生物样品进行染色来确定每种抗体的合适稀释度。然后在染色分析之后确定每种抗体的理想稀释度,以使背景最小化并使阳性表达群的检测优化。
质谱细胞术分析
将冷冻保存的黑素瘤肿瘤消化物和鼠肿瘤消化物(如上所述)解冻并通过70μm过滤器捣碎到具有10%FBS和P/S的RPMI-1640中。然后将单细胞悬液以Histopaque-1119(Sigma-Aldrich)不连续梯度进行纯化,在 2000rpm下于室温下离心20分钟。然后将活细胞用FACS缓冲液洗涤两次并确定总浓度。然后将从肿瘤中获得的2.5×106个细胞与包含2%的每种牛、鼠、大鼠、仓鼠和兔血清以及25μg/ml的2.4G2抗体的封闭缓冲液在4℃下孵育10分钟,然后用抗体混合物在4℃下表面染色30分钟。然后将细胞与195Pt顺铂在4℃下孵育1分钟,用FACS缓冲液洗涤两次,并使用钯金属条码化试剂根据制造商方案(Fluidigm)进行条码化。然后使用FoxP3透化试剂盒(eBioscience)将细胞固定和透化,并将其用胞内染色抗体混合物在室温下染色30分钟。然后将这些经染色的细胞用FoxP3 透化缓冲液洗涤两次,并用FACS缓冲液洗涤两次,并在具有铱核酸嵌入剂的1.6%PFA-PBS中孵育过夜。然后将这些细胞用0.5%BSA-PBS洗涤、过滤并用0.1%BSA水洗涤两次,然后进行分析。然后使用Helios质谱细胞仪(mass cytometer)使用Helios6.5.358采集软件(Fluidigm)获取样品。使用归一化软件(Fluidigm)将质谱细胞术数据相对于EQ 4元素珠信号归一化,并使用Debarcoder(Fluidigm)解析质谱标签条码。然后在FlowJo 中对样品的事件长度(eventlength)、活/死辨别、特定群体等人工设门。然后导出数据以用于下游分析和t-SNE(t-分布式随机邻域嵌入 (t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding))降维,并通过使用Cyt工具在MATLAB软件中进行Phonograph聚类分析。
统计学分析
用GraphPad Prism6.0软件程序分析数据。使用Student t检验评估两组之间差异的统计学显著性。使用Kaplan-Meier方法分析存活数据,并使用对数秩(Mantel-Cox)检验来评估不同组之间存活差异的统计学显著性。 P值<0.05被认为在统计学上显著。
***
根据本公开内容,本文中公开和要求保护的所有方法均可在不进行过度实验的情况下做出和执行。虽然已根据一些优选实施方案描述了本发明的组合物和方法,但对于本领域技术人员来说明显的是,可在不脱离本发明的概念、精神和范围的情况下对本文中所述方法以及所述方法的步骤或步骤顺序作出改变。更具体地,将明显的是,在化学和生理学两方面均相关的某些试剂可替代本文中所述的试剂而将实现相同或类似的结果。对本领域技术人员来说明显的是所有这样的类似替代和改变被认为是在由所附权利要求书限定的本发明的精神、范围和概念内。
参考文献
以下参考文献就其提供补充本文中阐述的那些的示例性操作或其他细节而言具体地通过引用并入本文。
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序列表
<110> BOARD OF REGENTS, THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SYSTEM
<120> LILRB4结合抗体及其使用方法
<130> UTFC.P1392WO
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<150> US 62/812,700
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cctggcaagc ggctggagtg ggttggagac attaataaag atgtcactac cacaaactat 180
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gacaaggctc ctaagtatgt gatgaaagtt aatagtgatg gaagtcaata caagggggat 180
gggatccctg atcgcttctc tggctccagt tctggggctc atcgctactt aacaatctcc 240
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gggcctggag tccccaacag agactctgga tccaaagata cctccaaaaa agctgcaaat 240
ttgcagatct ctgagctaca ggtggaggat gaggctgtgt gtttctgttc catctatgaa 300
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Claims (33)
1.分离的单克隆抗体,其中所述抗体与LILRB4特异性地结合并且包含:
(I)
(a)为SEQ ID NO:1(GFMFSSYW)的第一VH CDR;
(b)为SEQ ID NO:2(INKDVTTT)的第二VH CDR;
(c)为SEQ ID NO:3(VRNHGSRYAYFDV)的第三VH CDR;
(d)为SEQ ID NO:4(TQHRTFY)的第一VL CDR;
(e)为SEQ ID NO:5(VNSDGSQ)的第二VL CDR;和
(f)为SEQ ID NO:6(GVNYESGKQYGYV)的第三VL CDR;
或
(II)
(a)为SEQ ID NO:1(GFMFSSYW)的第一VH CDR;
(b)为SEQ ID NO:2(INKDVTTT)的第二VH CDR;
(c)为SEQ ID NO:3(VRNHGSRYAYFDV)的第三VH CDR;
(d)为SEQ ID NO:7(NGISVGGKN)的第一VL CDR;
(e)为SEQ ID NO:8(YYSDSDK)的第二VL CDR;和
(f)为SEQ ID NO:9(SIYESNTWV)的第三VL CDR。
2.权利要求1所述的抗体,其中所述抗体包含:
(I)
(a)为SEQ ID NO:1(GFMFSSYW)的第一VH CDR;
(b)为SEQ ID NO:2(INKDVTTT)的第二VH CDR;
(c)为SEQ ID NO:3(VRNHGSRYAYFDV)的第三VH CDR;
(d)为SEQ ID NO:4(TQHRTFY)的第一VL CDR;
(e)为SEQ ID NO:5(VNSDGSQ)的第二VL CDR;和
(f)为SEQ ID NO:6(GVNYESGKQYGYV)的第三VL CDR。
3.权利要求1所述的抗体,其中所述抗体包含:
(II)
(a)为SEQ ID NO:1(GFMFSSYW)的第一VH CDR;
(b)为SEQ ID NO:2(INKDVTTT)的第二VH CDR;
(c)为SEQ ID NO:3(VRNHGSRYAYFDV)的第三VH CDR;
(d)为SEQ ID NO:7(NGISVGGKN)的第一VL CDR;
(e)为SEQ ID NO:8(YYSDSDK)的第二VL CDR;和
(f)为SEQ ID NO:9(SIYESNTWV)的第三VL CDR。
4.权利要求1所述的抗体,其中所述抗体包含含有以下的第一对VH和VL结构域:
(I)
(a)为SEQ ID NO:1(GFMFSSYW)的第一VH CDR;
(b)为SEQ ID NO:2(INKDVTTT)的第二VH CDR;
(c)为SEQ ID NO:3(VRNHGSRYAYFDV)的第三VH CDR;
(d)为SEQ ID NO:4(TQHRTFY)的第一VL CDR;
(e)为SEQ ID NO:5(VNSDGSQ)的第二VL CDR;和
(f)为SEQ ID NO:6(GVNYESGKQYGYV)的第三VL CDR;以及
含有以下的第二对VH和VL结构域:
(I)
(a)为SEQ ID NO:1(GFMFSSYW)的第一VH CDR;
(b)为SEQ ID NO:2(INKDVTTT)的第二VH CDR;
(c)为SEQ ID NO:3(VRNHGSRYAYFDV)的第三VH CDR;
(d)为SEQ ID NO:4(TQHRTFY)的第一VL CDR;
(e)为SEQ ID NO:5(VNSDGSQ)的第二VL CDR;和
(f)为SEQ ID NO:6(GVNYESGKQYGYV)的第三VL CDR。
5.权利要求1所述的抗体,其中所述抗体包含含有以下的第一对VH和VL结构域:
(II)
(a)为SEQ ID NO:1(GFMFSSYW)的第一VH CDR;
(b)为SEQ ID NO:2(INKDVTTT)的第二VH CDR;
(c)为SEQ ID NO:3(VRNHGSRYAYFDV)的第三VH CDR;
(d)为SEQ ID NO:7(NGISVGGKN)的第一VL CDR;
(e)为SEQ ID NO:8(YYSDSDK)的第二VL CDR;和
(f)为SEQ ID NO:9(SIYESNTWV)的第三VL CDR;以及
含有以下的第二对VH和VL结构域:
(II)
(a)为SEQ ID NO:1(GFMFSSYW)的第一VH CDR;
(b)为SEQ ID NO:2(INKDVTTT)的第二VHCDR;
(c)为SEQ ID NO:3(VRNHGSRYAYFDV)的第三VH CDR;
(d)为SEQ ID NO:7(NGISVGGKN)的第一VL CDR;
(e)为SEQ ID NO:8(YYSDSDK)的第二VL CDR;和
(f)为SEQ ID NO:9(SIYESNTWV)的第三VL CDR。
6.权利要求1所述的抗体,其中所述抗体包含含有以下的第一对VH和VL结构域:
(I)
(a)为SEQ ID NO:1(GFMFSSYW)的第一VH CDR;
(b)为SEQ ID NO:2(INKDVTTT)的第二VH CDR;
(c)为SEQ ID NO:3(VRNHGSRYAYFDV)的第三VH CDR;
(d)为SEQ ID NO:4(TQHRTFY)的第一VL CDR;
(e)为SEQ ID NO:5(VNSDGSQ)的第二VL CDR;和
(f)为SEQ ID NO:6(GVNYESGKQYGYV)的第三VL CDR;以及
含有以下的第二对VH和VL结构域:
(II)
(a)为SEQ ID NO:1(GFMFSSYW)的第一VH CDR;
(b)为SEQ ID NO:2(INKDVTTT)的第二VH CDR;
(c)为SEQ ID NO:3(VRNHGSRYAYFDV)的第三VH CDR;
(d)为SEQ ID NO:7(NGISVGGKN)的第一VL CDR;
(e)为SEQ ID NO:8(YYSDSDK)的第二VL CDR;和
(f)为SEQ ID NO:9(SIYESNTWV)的第三VL CDR。
7.权利要求1所述的抗体,其中所述抗体包含与SEQ ID NO:10的VH结构域具有至少约80%同一性的VH结构域和与SEQ ID NO:11的VL结构域具有至少约80%同一性的VL结构域。
8.权利要求7所述的抗体,其中所述抗体包含与SEQ ID NO:10的VH结构域相同的VH结构域和与SEQ ID NO:11的VL结构域相同的VL结构域。
9.权利要求1所述的抗体,其中所述抗体包含与SEQ ID NO:10的VH结构域具有至少约80%同一性的VH结构域和与SEQ ID NO:12的VL结构域具有至少约80%同一性的VL结构域。
10.权利要求9所述的抗体,其中所述抗体包含与SEQ ID NO:10的VH结构域相同的VH结构域和与SEQ ID NO:12的VL结构域相同的VL结构域。
11.权利要求1至10中任一项所述的抗体,其中所述抗体是重组的。
12.权利要求1所述的抗体,其中所述抗体是IgG、IgM、IgA、或其抗原结合片段。
13.权利要求1至10中任一项所述的抗体,其中所述抗体是Fab’、F(ab’)2、单价scFv、二价scFv或单结构域抗体。
14.权利要求1至12中任一项所述的抗体,其中所述抗体是人抗体、人源化抗体或去免疫化抗体。
15.权利要求1至14中任一项所述的抗体,其中所述抗体与成像剂、化学治疗剂、毒素或放射性核素缀合。
16.组合物,其包含在可药用载体中的权利要求1至15中任一项所述的抗体。
17.分离的多核苷酸分子,其包含编码权利要求1至14中任一项所述抗体的核酸序列。
18.重组多肽,其包含含有SEQ ID NO:1、2和3的VH结构域的CDR1至3的抗体VH结构域以及
(I)SEQ ID NO:4、5和6的VL结构域的CDR 1至3;或
(II)SEQ ID NO:7、8和9的VL结构域的CDR 1至3。
19.分离的多核苷酸分子,其包含编码权利要求18所述多肽的核酸序列。
20.宿主细胞,其包含编码权利要求1至14中任一项所述抗体或权利要求18所述重组多肽的一种或更多种多核苷酸分子。
21.权利要求20所述的宿主细胞,其中所述宿主细胞是哺乳动物细胞、酵母细胞、细菌细胞、纤毛虫细胞或昆虫细胞。
22.药物组合物,其包含权利要求1所述的LILRB4结合抗体以及药用载体。
23.组合物,其包含有效量的权利要求1所述的LILRB4结合抗体,所述组合物用于在对象中治疗癌症。
24.包含有效量的权利要求1所述的LILRB4结合抗体的组合物用于在对象中治疗癌症的用途。
25.用于在对象中治疗癌症的方法,其包括向所述对象施用有效量的权利要求1所述的LILRB4结合抗体。
26.权利要求25所述的方法,其中所述癌症是白血病、乳腺癌、黑素瘤、前列腺癌或胰腺癌。
27.权利要求25所述的方法,其中所述癌症是黑素瘤。
28.权利要求27所述的方法,其中所述乳腺癌是白血病。
29.权利要求25所述的方法,其中所述抗体静脉内、皮内、瘤内、肌内、腹膜内、皮下或局部施用。
30.权利要求25所述的方法,其中所述抗体静脉内施用。
31.权利要求25所述的方法,其还包括向所述对象施用至少第二抗癌治疗。
32.权利要求31所述的方法,其中所述第二抗癌治疗是手术治疗、化学治疗、放射治疗、冷冻治疗、激素治疗、免疫治疗或细胞因子治疗。
33.权利要求31所述的方法,其中所述第二抗癌治疗是化学治疗。
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WO2023209716A1 (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2023-11-02 | Biond Biologics Ltd. | Anti-ilt3 antibodies and use thereof |
WO2023235699A1 (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2023-12-07 | Jounce Therapeutics, Inc. | Antibodies to lilrb4 and uses thereof |
WO2023236891A1 (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2023-12-14 | Antengene (Hangzhou) Biologics Co., Ltd. | Novel anti-lilrb4 antibodies and uses thereof |
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US20070041982A1 (en) * | 2005-06-17 | 2007-02-22 | Tolerrx, Inc. | ILT3 binding molecules and uses therefor |
US20170327591A1 (en) * | 2011-09-02 | 2017-11-16 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer Expressing ILT3 or ILT3 Ligand |
WO2016144728A2 (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2016-09-15 | The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Texas System | Anti-lilrb antibodies and their use in detecting and treating cancer |
WO2018089300A1 (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2018-05-17 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | Ilt3 ligand |
WO2018148494A1 (en) * | 2017-02-09 | 2018-08-16 | Bluefin Biomedicine, Inc. | Anti-ilt3 antibodies and antibody drug conjugates |
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CA3130801A1 (en) | 2020-09-10 |
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