CN113708082A - 3D printing broadband line-circular polarization converter with polarization selection characteristic - Google Patents
3D printing broadband line-circular polarization converter with polarization selection characteristic Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a 3D printing broadband line-circular polarization converter with polarization selection characteristics, which comprises M x N polarization conversion units which are periodically arranged, wherein each polarization conversion unit comprises a dielectric block which is realized through 3D printing and has a T-shaped cross section, each dielectric block comprises a transverse dielectric plate and a longitudinal dielectric plate connected with the upper surface of the transverse dielectric plate, the plate surface of each transverse dielectric plate is square, and a plurality of metal strips parallel to any diagonal line of the plate surface of each transverse dielectric plate are sprayed on the lower surface of each transverse dielectric plate to select incident waves in different polarization directions, so that the defect of low anti-interference performance in the prior art is overcome; the converter with a simple structure is realized by adopting a 3D printing technology, the characteristics of short processing period and low cost are realized, and the converter is more suitable for the trend of miniaturization and integration of the current communication system through the conformal design on a plane and a curved surface, so that the application scene is wider.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwaves, relates to a linear-circular polarization converter, and particularly relates to a 3D printing broadband linear-circular polarization converter with polarization selection characteristics.
Background
The electromagnetic wave of space propagation is divided into linear polarization wave, elliptical polarization wave and circular polarization wave according to the polarization mode, and in the electromagnetic wave propagation process, compare the wave of other polarization forms, circular polarization wave has the rotation direction orthogonality, can restrain rain and fog interference and anti multipath effect, reduces signal transmission loss to the influence of the polarization distortion that the circular polarization wave can eliminate by ionosphere Faraday rotation effect produces. In recent years, with the development of wireless communication technology, antennas with characteristics of low profile, polarization selection, switching, high gain, and sufficient bandwidth will become a trend and demand for the development of communication systems. However, at present, antennas in the field of mobile communication are basically linear polarization antennas, and in order to meet development requirements in the aspects of communication, radar, remote sensing, astronomy and the like, a linear-circular polarization converter is designed to convert linear polarization waves into circular polarization waves, so that the linear-circular polarization converter has wide application value. However, previous research has focused primarily on planar structures and has not met current aerodynamic requirements.
With the increase of communication system functions, for many wireless communication platforms, such as satellites and airplanes, a large number of antennas with different types are required to be installed to meet the requirements of communication, the loaded weight of the antennas is increased, and due to the space limitation of the loaded platforms, the installation of a plurality of antennas influences the characteristics of each antenna and even the operating characteristics of the whole system. Under such a background and environment, the application scenario of conforming the polarization converter to the antenna system can reduce the weight and complexity of the antenna system, and can improve the security of the antenna system. But the conventional PCB technology is not suitable for curved surfaces or large-curvature spherical surfaces. 3D printing is one potential technique to address the issue of contemporary conformal processing. It allows manufacturing on any surface, thus simplifying the manufacturing process and reducing costs. Some dielectric antennas have adopted 3D printing technology, however, the prior art is all studied on a flat surface. Conformal structures have a wider range of applications in communication systems than other line-to-circular polarization converters.
The linear-circular polarization converter generally requires that an included angle between a polarization direction of a linearly polarized incident wave and the polarization converter is 45 degrees, so that impedance difference between two perpendicular directions is introduced to realize conversion from linear polarization to circular polarization. The existing polarization converter focuses more on the polarization conversion capability of electromagnetic waves, but neglects the problems of placement errors in practical application scenes and interference in electromagnetic environments. However, in many practical applications, not only the characteristics of the reflected wave and the transmitted wave need to be controlled, but also the incident wave needs to be modulated. In a reflective or transmissive array antenna, electromagnetic waves incident from a feed source need to be modulated to obtain a required far-field mode or polarization characteristics, and the anti-interference performance is realized, so that the polarization converter with the polarization selection function has wide application value in the aspects of satellite communication, remote sensing and the like.
In 2020, Jianfeng Zhu et al published in IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION journal VOL.68, No.6, JUNE 2020 ON "3-D Printed Planar Dielectric Linear-to-Circular Polarization Conversion and Beam-Shaping legs Using Coding Polarizer" a 3D Printed line-Circular Polarization converter was proposed. The main array surface is composed of a plurality of three-layer converter coding units with the same shape and different sizes, and the functions of conversion from linear polarization to circular polarization and phase focusing are realized simultaneously. The linear-circular polarization conversion device realizes the linear-circular polarization conversion function within 27GHz-32GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 16.9%. The angle between the incident wave polarization direction and the linear-circular polarization conversion unit is 45 degrees by manually adjusting the feed source placing direction, so that the conversion from linear polarization to circular polarization is realized. The converter has narrow bandwidth and no polarization selection capability on incident beams, and does not consider the problems of direction errors in practical application and interference in an electromagnetic environment.
Patent application with publication number CN 112928489 a entitled "a broadband high efficiency transmission type polarization converter", discloses a broadband high efficiency transmission type polarization converter. The polarization converter includes four layers of dielectric substrates and periodic cells. The included angle between the polarization converter and the polarization direction of the linearly polarized incident wave can be adjusted through mechanical rotation, the incident wave can be converted into various transmission wave characteristics of left-hand circular polarization, right-hand circular polarization or linear polarization respectively, the problems of complex structure and high loss of the electrically-tunable polarization converter are solved, the four-layer dielectric plate is sequentially hot-pressed by insulating bonding materials from top to bottom or fixed by using dielectric screws to form an upper-lower laminated structure, the multilayer structure can effectively widen the working bandwidth of the polarization converter, the circularly polarized wave transmission is realized in a frequency band of 8.6 GHz-10.6 GHz, and the axial ratio bandwidth is 20.8%. However, the mechanical rotation mode cannot avoid human errors and electromagnetic interference problems in practical application scenarios, and meanwhile, the multilayer laminated structure of the invention also limits the application scenarios.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a 3D printing broadband linear-circular polarization converter with polarization selection characteristics, aiming at realizing the polarization selection characteristics and widening the axial ratio bandwidth.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
A3D printing broadband line-circular polarization converter with polarization selection characteristics comprises M x N polarization conversion units which are periodically arranged, wherein M is larger than or equal to 3, N is larger than or equal to 3, the polarization conversion units comprise dielectric blocks 1 which are realized through 3D printing and have T-shaped cross sections, each dielectric block 1 comprises a transverse dielectric plate 11 and a longitudinal dielectric plate 12 connected with the upper surface of the transverse dielectric plate, the surface of each transverse dielectric plate 11 is square, a plurality of metal strips 2 parallel to any diagonal line of the surface of each transverse dielectric plate 11 are sprayed on the lower surface of each transverse dielectric plate 11, and the lower surfaces of the M x N transverse dielectric plates 11 which are periodically arranged can be conformal with a plane or a curved surface;
according to the wave polarization principle, when the electromagnetic wave parallel to the central normal of the transverse dielectric plate 11 irradiates the lower surface of the transverse dielectric plate 11, the polarization conversion unit forms full transmission to the electromagnetic wave with the polarization direction parallel to the lower surface of the transverse dielectric plate 11 and perpendicular to the plurality of metal strips 2 sprayed on the lower surface of the transverse dielectric plate 11, forms reflection to the electromagnetic wave with the polarization direction orthogonal to the electromagnetic wave, and generates different responses to the electromagnetic wave in two directions perpendicular to each other by adjusting the thickness of the longitudinal dielectric plate 12 and the period of M multiplied by N polarization conversion units, so that the incident wave is converted into the transmission wave with two polarization directions orthogonal to each other; when the polarization conversion unit has inductive effect on the component in one direction and capacitive effect on the component in the other direction, two transmitted waves with equal amplitude, orthogonal polarization directions and 90-degree phase difference are formed.
In the 3D printed wideband linear-circular polarization converter with polarization selection characteristics, the surface of the longitudinal dielectric slab 12 is perpendicular to the upper surface of the transverse dielectric slab 11, and the longitudinal dielectric slab 12 is located on a connecting line of midpoints of a group of opposite sides of the transverse dielectric slab 11.
In the 3D printed wideband linear-circular polarization converter with polarization selection characteristics, the plate surface of the longitudinal dielectric plate 12 is rectangular, and the length of the plate surface of the longitudinal dielectric plate 12 is equal to the side length of the plate surface of the transverse dielectric plate 11.
The 3D printing broadband line-circular polarization converter with the polarization selection characteristic is characterized in that the curved surface is a conical surface, a cylindrical surface or a spherical surface.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the lower surface of the transverse dielectric plate of the T-shaped dielectric block is sprayed with a plurality of metal strips parallel to any diagonal line of the surface of the transverse dielectric plate, when electromagnetic waves parallel to the central normal line of the transverse dielectric plate irradiate the lower surface of the transverse dielectric plate, the polarization conversion unit forms full transmission on the electromagnetic waves of which the polarization directions are parallel to the lower surface of the transverse dielectric plate and are perpendicular to the plurality of metal strips sprayed on the lower surface of the transverse dielectric plate, and forms reflection on the electromagnetic waves orthogonal to the polarization directions of the electromagnetic waves, so that the polarization selection characteristic of incident waves is realized, the incidence of interference electromagnetic waves is effectively inhibited, the influence on the feed source performance is reduced, the problems that the traditional polarization converter cannot accurately regulate and select the incident waves and is easily influenced by a complex electromagnetic environment are solved, and a good anti-interference effect is realized.
2. The invention adopts the 3D printing technology to realize the conformal design of the linear-circular polarization converter on the plane and the curved surface, solves the problem that the overall performance of an antenna system is influenced due to space limitation in various application scenes such as an aircraft, effectively reduces the processing difficulty of a circular polarization converter, shortens the processing period and reduces the processing cost; the polarization converter is formed by periodically arranging T-shaped dielectric block units, the unit size is small, more units can be arranged in a limited size, the bandwidth is widened, and the influence on the feed source is small.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a polarization conversion unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of reflection coefficient as a function of frequency for an incident wave of different polarization in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of transmission coefficients and phase differences of different polarized transmitted waves varying with frequency according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of axial ratio as a function of frequency for the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1 and 2, the present embodiment includes 10 × 10 polarization conversion units arranged periodically, where the polarization conversion units include a dielectric block 1 implemented by 3D printing and having a T-shaped cross section, the dielectric block 1 includes a transverse dielectric plate 11 and a longitudinal dielectric plate 12 connected to an upper surface of the transverse dielectric plate 11, a surface of the transverse dielectric plate 11 is square, a carrier conformal to a lower surface of the transverse dielectric plate is a plane, and a plurality of metal strips 2 parallel to any one diagonal line of the surface of the transverse dielectric plate 11 are sprayed on the carrier. The T-shaped medium block 1 is made of future 8000 resin, the relative dielectric constant of the T-shaped medium block is 2.63, and the future 8000 resin can be processed by adopting a 3D printing technology.
The longitudinal dielectric slab 12 may be an elliptic cylinder or a polygonal prism, in this embodiment, a rectangular column structure is adopted, a slab surface of the longitudinal dielectric slab is perpendicular to an upper surface of the transverse dielectric slab 11, the longitudinal dielectric slab 12 is located on a connecting line of midpoints of a group of opposite sides of the transverse dielectric slab 11, a length l of the longitudinal dielectric slab is equal to a side length w of the transverse dielectric slab 11, and a width s and a height l of the longitudinal dielectric slab are 1.2mm and 30mm, respectively. The bottom metal strips 2 are parallel to a diagonal line AA' of the surface of the transverse dielectric plate 11 by adopting a conductive paint spraying technology, the widths of the metal strips 2 are the same, are 0.2mm and are distributed at equal intervals of 0.88mm, and the metal strips are used for ensuring that the incident wave polarization direction is parallel to the lower surface of the transverse dielectric plate 11 and is perpendicular to the metal strips 2 sprayed on the lower surface of the transverse dielectric plate 11, so that the polarization selection characteristic is realized. Incident waves are converted into two transmission waves with equal orthogonal amplitudes and 90-degree phase difference through the dielectric block 1, and the conversion from linear polarization to circular polarization is realized.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
referring to fig. 4(a), the metal strip is disposed along the u-axis direction, and when a u-polarized incident wave is perpendicularly incident to the lower surface of the line-circular polarization converter along the-z direction and has a polarization direction parallel to the lower surface of the transversal dielectric plate 11 and parallel to the metal strip 2, the u-polarized incident wave exhibits a total reflection state due to the polarization of the wave; referring to fig. 4(b), the metal strip 2 is disposed along the u-axis direction, and when a v-polarized incident wave is vertically incident to the lower surface of the linear-circular polarization converter along the-z direction, and the polarization direction of the v-polarized incident wave is parallel to the lower surface of the transversal dielectric plate 11 and is perpendicular to the metal strip 2, the v-polarized incident wave is in a full transmission state, and the polarization selection characteristic of the metal strip 2 is effectively embodied. Thus, when an electromagnetic wave is perpendicularly incident on the lower surface of the polarization converter in the-z direction, the incident electric field can be expressed as:
wherein
Is the amplitude of the incident electromagnetic wave,
is the unit vector in the v direction, and k is the wave number in free space. When the electromagnetic wave is transmitted by the linear-circular polarization converter, one part of the v-polarized electromagnetic wave is converted into a v-polarized wave, and the other part of the v-polarized electromagnetic wave is cross-polarized and converted into a u-polarized wave, so that the transmitted electromagnetic wave can be written as:
wherein:
wherein, | Tvv|、
Amplitude and phase of transmission coefficient from v-polarized wave to v-polarized wave, | Tuv|、
The amplitude and phase of the transmission coefficient of the v-polarized wave to the u-polarized wave, respectively. By adjusting the thickness of the longitudinal dielectric slab 12 and the period of M × N polarization conversion units, the polarization conversion units generate different responses to electromagnetic waves in two directions perpendicular to each other, so that incident waves are converted into transmitted waves with two polarization directions orthogonal to each other, when the polarization conversion units exhibit an inductive effect on a component in one direction and exhibit a capacitive effect on a component in the other direction, two formed transmitted waves have equal amplitudes, orthogonal polarization directions and a phase difference of 90 °, that is:
|Tuv|＝|Tvv|
According to a theoretical calculation formula of the circularly polarized axial ratio AR:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
according to the theory of circular polarization, it can be known that when the AR is less than 3dB, the electromagnetic wave is a circular polarized wave. The above formula shows that the transmitted wave is circularly polarized, so that the conversion from linear polarization to circular polarization is realized.
Example 2:
the size of the dielectric block of this embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment. Referring to fig. 3, the carrier conformal with the lower surfaces of the 10 × 10 periodically arranged transverse dielectric slabs 11 is a cylindrical surface having a radius of 80 mm. The units are longitudinally arranged in parallel with the axis of the cylindrical surface, and the unit period of the transverse arrangement is 0.0625rad of rotation around the central shaft of the cylindrical surface 5. The bottom metal strips 2 adopt a conductive paint spraying technology, are parallel to the diagonal line of the surface of the transverse dielectric slab 11, are 0.2mm in width and are distributed at equal intervals of 0.88mm, and are used for ensuring that the incident wave polarization direction is perpendicular to the metal strips and realizing the polarization selection characteristic. Incident waves are converted into two orthogonal transmission waves with equal amplitude and 90-degree phase difference through the dielectric block, and the conversion from linear polarization to circular polarization is realized.
The technical effects of the present invention will be described again by simulation experiments.
1. Simulation environment and content:
the invention uses three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software ANSYS 2020 to measure the reflection coefficient R of the polarization selection characteristic of the inventionuuAnd RvvSimulation analysis was performed, and the results are shown in fig. 5; transmission coefficient T for v-polarized to v-polarized transmitted wave of the present inventionvvTransmission coefficient T of v-polarized to u-polarized transmitted waveuvThe phase difference between the polarized transmitted waves and the two perpendicular directions is subjected to frequency domain simulation, and the result is shown in fig. 6; finally, the frequency domain simulation was performed on the transmitted wave axis ratio of the present invention, and the result is shown in fig. 7.
2. And (3) analyzing an experimental result:
referring to fig. 5, when u and v polarized electromagnetic waves are incident to the lower surface of the linear-circular polarization converter having the polarization selection characteristic, u-polarized wave reflection coefficient RuuThe total reflection state is close to 0dB in a frequency band of 16 GHz-28 GHz; v polarized wave reflection coefficient RvvThe frequency band of 16 GHz-28 GHz is less than-9 dB, and the full transmission state is presented, so that the invention can be seen to form full transmission to the electromagnetic wave of which the polarization direction is parallel to the lower surface of the transverse dielectric plate 11 and is vertical to the plurality of metal strips 2 sprayed on the lower surface of the transverse dielectric plate 11, and has excellent polarization selection characteristic.
Referring to fig. 6, the polarization conversion unit generates different responses to electromagnetic waves with two orthogonal polarization directions, converts incident waves into transmitted waves with two orthogonal polarization directions, and introduces impedance difference to two directional component electromagnetic waves, and as can be seen from the figure, in a frequency band of 18.28GHz to 26.23GHz, when a v-polarized wave is incident, the amplitude difference of transmission coefficients in the v-polarized direction to the u-polarized direction and the v-polarized direction is within 3dB, and the phase difference is near 90 degrees, so that the conversion unit realizes good amplitude and phase regulation performance of the transmitted waves.
Referring to fig. 7, in the frequency band of 18.28GHz to 26.23GHz, the axial ratio of the transmitted wave is less than 3dB, and the relative bandwidth reaches 35.7%.
Claims (4)
1. A3D printing broadband line-circular polarization converter with polarization selection characteristics comprises M x N polarization conversion units which are periodically arranged, wherein M is larger than or equal to 3, and N is larger than or equal to 3, and the 3D printing broadband line-circular polarization converter is characterized in that the polarization conversion units comprise dielectric blocks (1) which are realized by 3D printing and have T-shaped cross sections, each dielectric block (1) comprises a transverse dielectric plate (11) and a longitudinal dielectric plate (12) connected with the upper surface of the transverse dielectric plate, the surface of each transverse dielectric plate (11) is square, a plurality of metal strips (2) which are parallel to any diagonal line of the surface of each transverse dielectric plate (11) are sprayed on the lower surface of each transverse dielectric plate (11) which is periodically arranged, and the lower surfaces of the M x N transverse dielectric plates (11) can be conformal with a plane or a curved surface;
according to the polarization principle of waves, when electromagnetic waves parallel to the central normal of a transverse dielectric slab (11) irradiate the lower surface of the transverse dielectric slab (11), a polarization conversion unit fully transmits the electromagnetic waves of which the polarization directions are parallel to the lower surface of the transverse dielectric slab (11) and are vertical to a plurality of metal strips (2) sprayed on the lower surface of the transverse dielectric slab (11), and reflects the electromagnetic waves of which the polarization directions are orthogonal to the polarization directions of the electromagnetic waves, and the polarization conversion unit generates different responses to the electromagnetic waves in two mutually perpendicular directions by adjusting the thickness of a longitudinal dielectric slab (12) and the period of M multiplied by N polarization conversion units, so that incident waves are converted into transmission waves of which the two polarization directions are orthogonal to each other; when the polarization conversion unit has inductive effect on the component in one direction and capacitive effect on the component in the other direction, two transmitted waves with equal amplitude, orthogonal polarization directions and 90-degree phase difference are formed.
2. The 3D printed wideband line-circular polarization converter with polarization selection feature of claim 1, wherein the longitudinal dielectric plate (12) has a plate surface perpendicular to the upper surface of the transverse dielectric plate (11), and the longitudinal dielectric plate (12) is located on the line connecting the midpoints of a set of opposite sides of the transverse dielectric plate (11).
3. The 3D printed wideband line-circular polarization converter with polarization selection characteristics according to claim 2, wherein the longitudinal dielectric plate (12) has a rectangular plate surface shape, and the dimension of the plate surface length of the longitudinal dielectric plate (12) is equal to the side length of the plate surface of the transverse dielectric plate (11).
4. The 3D printed wideband line-circular polarization converter with polarization selective properties of claim 1, wherein the curved surface is a cone, a cylinder, or a sphere.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114156665A (en) * | 2022-02-08 | 2022-03-08 | 华南理工大学 | Broadband circularly polarized transmission array antenna based on dielectric structure |
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| CN105190997A (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2015-12-23 | 凯萨股份有限公司 | Polarization converting dielectric plate |
| CN110518366A (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2019-11-29 | 西安电子科技大学 | Circularly polarized dielectric reflector element and reflective array antenna based on 3D printing technique |
| CN112928489A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-06-08 | 中国人民解放军91206部队 | Broadband high-efficiency transmission type polarization converter |
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