CN113708080A - Efficient phase dynamically adjustable reflection super-structure surface - Google Patents
Efficient phase dynamically adjustable reflection super-structure surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN113708080A CN113708080A CN202111030299.1A CN202111030299A CN113708080A CN 113708080 A CN113708080 A CN 113708080A CN 202111030299 A CN202111030299 A CN 202111030299A CN 113708080 A CN113708080 A CN 113708080A
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009774 resonance method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-efficiency phase dynamically adjustable reflection super-structure surface, aiming at solving the problems of high loss and narrow bandwidth of active design. The basic unit structure of the super-structure surface comprises a first metal patch layer, a first medium layer, an air layer, a second metal patch layer, a second medium layer, a third metal patch layer, a third medium layer and a fourth metal patch layer from top to bottom; the first metal patch layer is composed of an I-shaped metal patch, and a switch diode is loaded between two rectangular metal patches with different sizes on the second metal patch layer; the fourth metal patch layer provides an independent bias circuit, and an inductance element is added to isolate alternating current and conduct direct current. By regulating and controlling the working state of the switching diode, the super-structure surface unit can present two electromagnetic responses with the phase difference of 180 degrees in a wider frequency band. The invention can efficiently provide the dynamically adjustable reflection phase within a certain frequency band, and has the advantages of simple structure, easy processing, ultra-thin and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of artificial electromagnetic metamaterial, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency reflecting metamaterial surface with dynamically adjustable phase.
Background
The super-structure surface is an artificial electromagnetic material formed by periodically or non-periodically arranging structural units with sub-wavelength sizes in a two-dimensional plane. Because of its electromagnetic properties that natural materials do not have, it is widely used to regulate and control the fundamental properties of electromagnetic wave, such as amplitude, phase and polarization. However, most of the published works at present adopt passive methods such as geometric phase or propagation phase to realize phase control, so that the functions which can be realized once the surface of the super structure is processed are completely fixed, and the method is not suitable for complicated and variable application scenes.
Recently, scientists have presented a dynamically adjustable electromagnetic response to a nanostructured surface by loading active devices such as liquid crystals, diodes, and photoelectric materials in the nanostructured surface, thereby being applicable to a variety of application scenarios. However, the introduction of active devices typically introduces additional losses, reducing the overall operating efficiency of the device; also, active designs tend to operate only within a narrow frequency band.
Therefore, efficient phase-dynamically tunable reflective superstructure surface design to achieve a certain bandwidth remains a significant challenge.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a high-efficiency phase dynamically adjustable reflection super-structure surface to solve the problems of high loss and narrow bandwidth of active design.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a high-efficiency phase dynamically adjustable reflection super-structure surface comprises a basic unit structure, a first metal patch layer, a first medium layer, an air layer, a second metal patch layer, a second medium layer, a third metal patch layer, a third medium layer and a fourth metal patch layer from top to bottom; the first metal patch layer is formed by an I-shaped structure; the second metal patch layer is composed of two rectangular metal patches with different sizes, a switch diode is loaded between the two rectangular metal patches with different sizes, and the rectangular metal patch with the smaller size is connected with the fourth metal patch layer through a metal through hole; the third metal patch layer serves as an equivalent metal baseplate, the fourth metal patch layer provides an independent bias circuit for each structural unit, and alternating current and direct current are isolated and conducted by adding an inductance element.
Preferably, the I-shaped structure is composed of two metal arms with the same size and a rectangular metal patch, and the working frequency and the reflection coefficient of the surface of the reflecting superstructure can be effectively regulated and controlled by adjusting the length of the metal arms.
Preferably, the two rectangular metal patches on the second metal patch layer have the same width, wherein the length of one rectangular metal patch is slightly smaller than (1-2 mm) the unit side length, the length of the other rectangular metal patch is equal to the unit side length, and the switch diode is arranged at the center of the unit.
Preferably, the fourth metal patch layer is composed of a rectangular metal patch, two connected metal narrow-band lines and a patch inductor connected between the rectangular metal patch and the metal narrow-band lines.
And the length and the width of the metal narrow-band line are adjusted to stagger the line positions, so that an independent bias circuit is provided for each basic unit of the super-structure surface.
The electromagnetic resonance of the first metal patch layer is stronger than that of the second metal patch layer, the surface current is mainly concentrated on the first metal patch layer, and the switch diode is loaded to the second metal patch layer with weaker electromagnetic resonance and smaller surface current, so that the additional loss such as heat loss can be effectively reduced, and then high-efficiency reflection is realized.
By regulating and controlling the working state of the switch diode loaded in the super-structure surface unit, the super-structure surface unit can present two electromagnetic responses with the phase difference of 180 degrees in a designed frequency band, thereby constituting the dynamic regulation and control of the 1-bit reflection phase.
Has the advantages that: the invention combines a switch diode to form a reflection type super-structure surface unit with dynamically adjustable phase. In thatxPolarized electromagnetUnder the incidence of waves, the working state of a switch diode loaded in a super-structure surface unit is regulated and controlled by a Field-programmable Gate Array (FPGA), and two electromagnetic responses with the phase difference of about 180 degrees can be realized in a wider frequency band. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the high-efficiency phase dynamically adjustable reflection metamaterial surface provided by the invention can realize two electromagnetic responses with a phase difference of about 180 degrees at high reflection efficiency in a wider frequency band (2.4 GHz to 2.8 GHz) by regulating and controlling the working state of a loaded switching diode, and has the advantages of ultrathin thickness, simple structure, easy design, low preparation cost, high symmetry and the like.
2. According to the invention, by introducing the electromagnetic resonance method into the first metal patch layer and the second metal patch layer, the working bandwidth of the super-structure surface can be effectively widened.
3. According to the invention, by introducing the patch inductor into the fourth metal patch layer, the influence of two narrow metal band lines in the fourth metal patch layer on the reflection coefficient of the super-structure surface can be effectively eliminated, so that the independent control of each super-structure surface is realized.
4. According to the invention, the surface current in the first metal patch layer is larger than that in the second metal patch layer, and the heat loss brought by the conduction of the switch diode can be effectively reduced by loading the switch diode to the second metal patch layer with smaller surface current, so that the working efficiency of the super-structure surface is improved.
5. The invention can be moved from the microwave band to other target frequency bands by means of equal scaling and the like, and has good frequency band flexibility.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a nanostructured surface according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a basic unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic side view of a basic unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a first metal patch layer and a first dielectric layer in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a second metal patch layer in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a third metal patch layer in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a fourth metal patch layer in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 8 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the embodiment of the invention when the switching diode is turned on.
Fig. 9 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the switching diode when turned off in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a simulation result diagram of reflection amplitudes corresponding to the basic unit according to the embodiment of the present invention when the diode is turned on or off.
Fig. 11 is a simulation result diagram of reflection phases corresponding to the basic unit when the diode is turned on or off according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms, and that there is no intention to limit the invention to the specific embodiments illustrated, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover some exemplary and non-limiting embodiments shown in the attached drawings and described below.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the efficient phase-dynamically adjustable reflection superstructure surface provided by the embodiment of the present invention is formed by periodically extending basic units in an xy two-dimensional plane, where the basic units are sequentially formed by a first metal patch layer 1, a first dielectric layer 2, an air layer, a second metal patch layer 3, a second dielectric layer 4, a third metal patch layer 5, a third dielectric layer 6, and a fourth metal patch layer 7 from top to bottom. The first metal patch layer 1 and the first medium layer 2 are pressed to form a passive structure, and the second metal patch layer 3, the second medium layer 4, the third metal patch layer 5, the third medium layer 6 and the fourth metal patch layer 7 are pressed to form an active structure. In this embodiment, the dielectric layer is made of F4B material with a dielectric constant of 2.65 and a loss tangent of 0.001, and the metal patch is a copper sheet. The thickness of the first medium layer 2 is 1 mm, the thickness of the second medium layer 4 is 4 mm, the thickness of the third medium layer 6 is 0.5 mm, the thickness of the air layer is 2mm, and the side length of the super-structure surface unit is 32 mm.
As shown in fig. 4, the first metal patch layer 1 has an i-shaped structure, the length of each arm is 30 mm, the width of each arm is 1 mm, and the length of the rectangular metal patch connecting the two arms is 10 mm, and the width of the rectangular metal patch connecting the two arms is 1.5 mm.
As shown in fig. 5 to 7, the second metal patch layer 3 is composed of two rectangular patches with different sizes, the two rectangular patches are 15 mm wide and 31 mm and 32 mm long, respectively, a switching diode SMP1320-079LF is loaded between the two rectangular patches, the rectangular metal patch with 31 mm wide is connected with the fourth metal patch layer 7 through a metal via hole, and the rectangular metal patch with 32 mm wide is used as one of the electrodes for supplying power to the switching diode. The third metal patch layer 5 is equivalent to a metal bottom plate to improve the reflection efficiency of the structural unit, and is isolated from the second metal patch layer 3 and the fourth metal patch layer 7 by digging out a circular patch; the fourth metal patch layer 7 is a bias circuit for switching the diode and serves as an electrode for supplying a positive voltage to the diode. The fourth metal patch layer 7 is composed of a rectangular metal patch, two metal narrow-band lines and a patch inductor, alternating current can be effectively isolated and direct current can be conducted by adding an inductance element, and the bias circuit can hardly affect the electromagnetic response of the unit. The purpose of the third dielectric layer 6 is to separate the metal bottom plate from the bias line circuit. The design of the meta-surface element bias lines allows each element to be independently tuned.
As shown in fig. 8, when the diodes SMP1320-079LF are used to conduct, the diodes can be equivalent to a series circuit of a 0.5 Ω resistor and a 0.7 nH inductor.
When the diodes SMP1320-079LF are used to turn off, as shown in fig. 9, the diodes can be equivalent to a series circuit of a 0.24 pF inductor and a 0.7 nH inductor.
The x-polarized electromagnetic wave is incident to the reflective super-structure surface unit, the unit cell is used as the boundary of the x axis and the y axis, the simulation result of the reflection amplitude of the super-structure surface unit when the diode is switched on or switched off is shown in fig. 10, and the reflection amplitudes of the unit in two working states are always kept above 0.95 within the frequency range of 2.4 GHz-2.8 GHz.
The simulation result of the reflection phase corresponding to the metamaterial surface unit when the diode is turned on or off is shown in fig. 11. The phase difference of the two working states of the super-structure surface unit is exactly 180 degrees when the phase difference is 2.6GHz, and the phase difference of the two working states is always kept within 180 degrees +/-37 degrees in the frequency range of 2.4 GHz-2.8 GHz. The relative bandwidth of the unit is 15.4%, and compared with most active super-structure surface designs, the unit has the advantage of wider bandwidth. In the working frequency range, the average reflection amplitude of the unit is higher than 0.97, the average reflection efficiency is higher than 94.1%, and compared with the design of most active super-structure surfaces, the unit has the advantage of high efficiency.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
As described above, only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the same structure can flexibly design the operating frequency band of the reflective nanostructure surface unit with dynamically adjustable phase by scaling the size of the reflective nanostructure surface unit with the high efficiency and dynamically adjustable phase by equal proportion, and can even be directly extended to millimeter wave band, infrared band, terahertz band and visible light band. It will be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art that various modifications and changes in form and detail can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims and the description.
Claims (7)
1. A high-efficiency phase dynamically adjustable reflection super-structure surface is characterized in that a basic unit structure of the super-structure surface comprises a first metal patch layer (1), a first dielectric layer (2), an air layer, a second metal patch layer (3), a second dielectric layer (4), a third metal patch layer (5), a third dielectric layer (6) and a fourth metal patch layer (7) from top to bottom; the first metal patch layer (1) is formed by an I-shaped structure; the second metal patch layer (3) is composed of two rectangular metal patches with different sizes, a switch diode is loaded between the two rectangular metal patches with different sizes, and the rectangular metal patch with the smaller size is connected with the fourth metal patch layer (7) through a metal through hole; the third metal patch layer (5) is used as an equivalent metal baseplate, the fourth metal patch layer (7) provides an independent bias circuit for each structural unit, and alternating current and direct current are isolated and conducted by adding an inductance element.
2. The efficient phase dynamically tunable reflective superstructure surface according to claim 1, wherein said I-shaped structure is formed by two metal arms of equal size and a rectangular metal patch, and by adjusting the length of the metal arms, the operating frequency and the reflection coefficient of the reflective superstructure surface can be adjusted.
3. An efficient phase dynamically tunable reflective metamaterial surface according to claim 1, wherein the width of two rectangular metal patches on the second metal patch layer (3) is the same, wherein the length of one rectangular metal patch is smaller than the unit side length, the length of the other rectangular metal patch is equal to the unit side length, and the switch diode is disposed at the center of the unit.
4. An efficient phase dynamically tunable reflective nanostructured surface according to claim 1, wherein the fourth metal patch layer (7) is composed of a rectangular metal patch, two connected metal narrow strip lines and a patch inductor connected between the rectangular metal patch and the metal narrow strip lines.
5. An efficient dynamically phase-tunable reflective metamaterial surface as claimed in claim 1, wherein individual bias circuits are provided for each of the metamaterial surface base units by adjusting the lengths and widths of the metal narrowband lines to stagger the line locations.
6. The efficient phase dynamically tunable reflective superstructure according to claim 1, wherein the first metal patch layer has stronger electromagnetic resonance than the second metal patch layer, surface current is mainly concentrated in the first metal patch layer, and heat loss is reduced by loading a switching diode to the second metal patch layer having weaker electromagnetic resonance and lower surface current.
7. The efficient phase dynamically tunable reflective metamaterial surface of claim 1, wherein the metamaterial surface units can exhibit two electromagnetic responses with a phase difference of 180 ° within a designed frequency band by adjusting the operating states of switching diodes loaded in the metamaterial surface units, thereby constituting a dynamic adjustment of the 1-bit reflective phase.
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