CN113701163A - Fly ash high temperature melting processing system - Google Patents

Fly ash high temperature melting processing system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113701163A
CN113701163A CN202111082410.1A CN202111082410A CN113701163A CN 113701163 A CN113701163 A CN 113701163A CN 202111082410 A CN202111082410 A CN 202111082410A CN 113701163 A CN113701163 A CN 113701163A
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China
Prior art keywords
melting
fly ash
pipe
feeding
melting furnace
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Granted
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CN202111082410.1A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN113701163B (en
Inventor
陈成广
陈伟杰
范双刚
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Zhejiang Eno Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
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Zhejiang Eno Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202111082410.1A priority Critical patent/CN113701163B/en
Publication of CN113701163A publication Critical patent/CN113701163A/en
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Publication of CN113701163B publication Critical patent/CN113701163B/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/006—General arrangement of incineration plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/12—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating using gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G5/444—Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
    • F23J15/027—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using cyclone separators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
    • F23G2202/103—Combustion in two or more stages in separate chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
    • F23G2204/10—Supplementary heating arrangements using auxiliary fuel
    • F23G2204/103—Supplementary heating arrangements using auxiliary fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
    • F23G2206/10—Waste heat recuperation reintroducing the heat in the same process, e.g. for predrying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
    • F23J2217/40—Intercepting solids by cyclones

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a fly ash high-temperature melting treatment system, relates to the technical field of environmental protection, and aims to solve the problem of fly ash resource recycling, and the technical scheme key points are as follows: the system comprises a melting system, a feeding system and a waste gas treatment system, wherein the melting system comprises a melting furnace, a water-cooling fence is arranged at the lower part of the melting furnace, a melting section is arranged at the upper part of the water-cooling fence, a combustion section is arranged at the lower part of the melting furnace, a slag groove is arranged at the bottom of the melting furnace, a melting liquid outlet groove with an overflow groove is arranged at one side of the slag groove, and the slag groove and the melting liquid outlet groove are communicated through liquid outlet holes; a plurality of natural gas nozzles distributed in an annular array are arranged on the outer side of the combustion section, and the natural gas nozzles are obliquely downward and eccentrically arranged; the upper part of the melting furnace is provided with a flue gas pipe and a feed inlet. The invention adopts natural gas for combustion heating, the incineration melting is efficient, the pollution impurities in the tail gas after fly ash incineration are less, and the integral fly ash resource utilization rate is higher.

Description

Fly ash high temperature melting processing system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to a fly ash high-temperature melting treatment system.
Background
In the industrial production process, fly ash with extremely fine particle size is generated, and the particle size is generally between 1 and 100 mu m; during the treatment, it can be melt-processed together with the composition modifier to consolidate the heavy metals in the fly ash. The device used for the melting treatment can be a high-temperature melting furnace, the high-temperature melting furnace generally adopts coal for heating and calcining, and the furnace temperature can only reach about 1300 ℃. Other harmful substances are generated in the combustion heat supply process of coal, so that the environmental pollution is influenced; and aiming at the situation that the melting point of part of high-melting-point ash reaches 1500 ℃, the efficiency of melting the fly ash is low at the furnace temperature of 1300 ℃, even the fly ash can not be completely melted, a large amount of fly ash impurities still exist in the discharged tail gas, and finally the ideal effect of treating the fly ash can not be achieved.
Therefore, a new solution is needed to solve this problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve the above problems and provide a high temperature melting treatment system for fly ash, which has the advantages of high efficiency of melting by incineration, less pollution impurities in tail gas after fly ash incineration, and higher overall utilization rate of fly ash resources.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a fly ash high-temperature melting treatment system comprises a melting system, a feeding system and a waste gas treatment system, wherein the melting system comprises a melting furnace, a water-cooling fence is arranged at the lower part of the melting furnace, the upper part of the water-cooling fence is a melting section, the lower part of the water-cooling fence is a combustion section, a slag groove is arranged at the bottom of the melting furnace, a melting liquid outlet groove with an overflow groove is arranged at one side of the slag groove, and the slag groove and the melting liquid outlet groove are communicated through liquid outlet holes; a plurality of natural gas nozzles distributed in an annular array are arranged on the outer side of the combustion section, and the natural gas nozzles are obliquely downward and eccentrically arranged; and the upper part of the melting furnace is provided with a flue gas pipe and a feeding hole.
The invention is further provided that the water-cooling fence comprises a plurality of hollow carbon steel water pipes, and the carbon steel water pipes are communicated with a cooling liquid source to realize circulating cooling.
The invention is further provided with a safety hole at the upper end of the melting furnace, a safety valve for plugging the safety hole is arranged at the upper part of the safety hole, a sliding rod is connected at the upper part of the safety valve, the sliding rod is supported by a supporting frame in a sliding manner, and a spring is elastically pressed between the supporting frame and the safety valve.
The feeding system comprises a feeding platform, a feeding device and a pressing device, wherein a feeding hopper is arranged on the upper side of the feeding platform, the feeding platform is connected with a feeding port and inclines downwards towards one side of the feeding port, the lower end of the feeding device is connected with the pressing device, the upper end of the feeding device is connected with the feeding hopper, a pushing rod is arranged on the upper portion of the feeding platform, a pushing plate is arranged at the output end of the pushing rod, and the pushing plate is used for pushing materials into the feeding port.
The invention is further provided with a feeding device for plugging at the feeding hole, the upper side of the feeding device is rotatably connected with the feeding hole, a fixed plate is fixed at the outer side of the upper part of the feeding hole, and a tension spring is connected between the fixed plate and the striker plate.
The waste gas treatment system further comprises a cyclone dust removal device and a secondary system, wherein the upper side of the cyclone dust removal device is communicated with the melting furnace through a flue gas pipe, the upper end of the cyclone dust removal device is connected with a discharge pipe, the lower end of the cyclone dust removal device is communicated with the melting section of the melting furnace through a return pipe, a mixer is arranged between the return pipe and the melting furnace, the secondary system comprises a settling bin, a heating bin and a secondary bin which are connected from bottom to top, and the tail end of the discharge pipe is communicated with the outer side of the settling bin.
The invention is further set that the diameter of the heating bin is smaller than that of the sedimentation bin and the secondary bin, a plurality of heating guns are arranged outside the heating bin, a first mixing net is arranged inside the sedimentation bin, a second mixing net is arranged inside the secondary bin, the sedimentation bin comprises an inclined plane back to the joint of the discharge pipe, a funnel-shaped heat recovery cover with a large upper part and a small lower part is arranged inside the secondary bin, the lower end of the heat recovery cover is connected with a heat recovery pipe, the lower end of the heat recovery pipe sequentially penetrates through the heating bin and the sedimentation bin, extends out from the lower end of the sedimentation bin and is connected with an air return pipe, and the other end of the air return pipe is communicated with the melting section; and the air return pipe is provided with a fan.
The invention is further arranged in such a way that air return pipes are connected to the front end and the rear end of the mixer, a throat pipe with two large ends and a small middle end is arranged in the mixer, the injection end and the output end of the throat pipe are respectively connected with the inner wall of the mixer, an annular mixing cavity is formed between the throat pipe and the peripheral wall of the mixer, an air supply pipe is connected to the outer side of the mixing cavity and is used for being connected with an external air source, and a plurality of mixing holes are formed in the middle section of the throat pipe.
The invention is further arranged in such a way that a necking pipe is fixed in the middle of one side of the injection end of the throat pipe, the inner diameter of the necking pipe is of a structure with a small middle and two large ends, a backflow hole is arranged in the middle section of the necking pipe, and the outer side of the backflow hole is connected with a backflow pipe.
The invention is further arranged in such a way that a preheating device is arranged in the melting section, the preheating device comprises a preheating cover with the outer diameter slightly smaller than that of the melting section, a necking section is arranged at the upper end of the preheating cover, an expanding section is arranged at the upper end of the necking section, a gas guide pipe is sleeved in the preheating cover, a preheating gap is formed between the gas guide pipe and the preheating cover, a plurality of preheating rings distributed from top to bottom are arranged in the preheating gap, and the return pipe extends into the melting section and is communicated with the preheating gap;
the invention is further arranged in a way that the lower end of the preheating cover is fixedly connected with a fixed sieve plate, the upper part of the fixed sieve plate is rotatably connected with a movable sieve plate and is driven to rotate by a rotating device, and a plurality of corresponding sieve holes are arranged on the fixed sieve plate and the movable sieve plate; the edge of the fixed sieve plate is also provided with a material sieving hole, the middle of the movable sieve plate is of a bulge-shaped structure, and a gap is formed between the upper part of the movable sieve plate and the lower end of the gas guide pipe;
the invention is further provided that the rotating device comprises a hollow rotating cavity, a rotating paddle is rotatably connected in the rotating cavity, one side of the rotating cavity is connected with an eccentrically arranged water pipe, the water pipe is used for circularly conveying water and driving the rotating paddle to rotate, the upper end of the rotating paddle is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft, and the upper end of the rotating shaft extends out of the rotating cavity and is fixedly connected with the movable sieve plate.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the melting system is heated by natural gas, and the flame sprayed by the natural gas nozzle forms spiral heating flame to carry out high-temperature incineration on fly ash, so that the incineration efficiency is high, and compared with coal combustion, the melting system can reduce harmful pollutants generated in the combustion process and has a higher environment-friendly effect; a waste gas treatment system is connected behind the melting furnace, solid powder in the tail gas and combustion tail gas can be separated through a cyclone dust collector, the cyclic recovery of fly ash can be realized, the subsequent pollution is reduced, the combustion tail gas is further combusted through a secondary combustion system to eliminate organic pollution such as dioxin, and the subsequent tail gas treatment is carried out, the flue gas purification and emission are higher than the national standard, and the international high standard is achieved; the fly ash melting system can be used for stably treating and feeding the fly ash melting material, a safety structure can be ensured to carry out closed protection on a feeding hole in the feeding process, tempering is prevented, and the safety of the melting system is ensured; and the top of melting stove sets up pressure release structure, can control the pressure of melting stove, avoids melting stove to produce the detonation danger.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fly ash high temperature melting treatment system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the configuration of the natural gas nozzle within the combustion section of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a secondary fuel system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a mixer of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a feeding platform of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of a melting furnace of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a preheating apparatus according to the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotating device of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1. a melting furnace; 2. water-cooling the fence; 3. a melting section; 4. a combustion section; 5. a slag groove; 6. a natural gas nozzle; 7. a molten liquid outlet groove; 8. a liquid outlet hole; 9. overflowing out of the groove; 10. a feed inlet; 11. a feeding platform; 12. a feeding device; 13. a pressing device; 14. a feed hopper; 15. a cyclone dust removal device; 16. a flue gas pipe; 17. a discharge pipe; 18. a return pipe; 19. a mixer; 20. a gas supplementing pipe; 21. an air return pipe; 22. settling a bin; 23. a heating chamber; 24. a secondary fuel tank; 25. an exhaust gas pipe; 26. an air return pipe; 27. a first mixing net; 28. an inclined surface; 29. a heating gun; 30. a second mixing net; 31. a heat recovery hood; 32. a heat recovery tube; 33. a throat; 34. an injection end; 35. an output end; 36. a mixing chamber; 37. a mixing hole; 38. a return orifice; 39. a necking pipe; 40. a material pushing rod; 41. a material pushing plate; 42. a striker plate; 43. a fixing plate; 44. a tension spring; 45. a safety vent; 46. a safety valve; 47. a support frame; 48. a slide bar; 49. a spring; 50. a preheating device; 51. a preheating hood; 52. a necking section; 53. a flared section; 54. an air duct; 55. preheating the gap; 56. preheating a ring; 57. fixing the sieve plate; 58. a movable sieve plate; 59. sieving holes; 60. a rotating device; 61. a rotating shaft; 62. a water pipe; 63. a rotating chamber; 64. rotating the paddle; 65. a fan.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example one
The present embodiment discloses a fly ash high-temperature melting treatment system, please refer to fig. 1-6, which includes a melting system, a feeding system, and an exhaust gas treatment system, wherein the system supplies fly ash material to the melting system through the feeding system, and then burns the fly ash material at high temperature through the melting system, so that the material burns to form molten vitreous body, and then carries out recovery processing; and the waste gas generated in the incineration process of the melting system is treated by a waste gas treatment system to realize waste gas treatment.
The melting system comprises a melting furnace 1, a water-cooling fence 2 is arranged at the lower part of the melting furnace 1, the lower end of the melting furnace 1 is divided into an upper melting section 3 and a lower combustion section 4 by the water-cooling fence 2, a slag groove 5 is formed at the bottom of the melting furnace 1, one side of the slag groove 5 is connected with a melting liquid groove 7, the slag groove 5 and the melting liquid groove 7 are communicated through a liquid outlet 8, an overflow groove 9 is formed at the upper side of the melting liquid groove 7, the melting furnace 1 supports fly ash materials in the melting section 3, the fly ash materials are burnt at high temperature in the melting section 3, the melting furnace 1 starts to heat from the inner lower side, the fly ash materials at the upper part of a gas supplementing pipe 20 are burnt to about one thousand six hundred degrees centigrade, the fly ash is melted, vitreous body residues fall from the gap of the water-cooling fence 2 to fall into the slag groove 5, and impurities at the lower layer are precipitated to the lower layer, the cleaner vitreous body of upper strata flows to the middle of melting drain tank 7 from going out liquid hole 8, then overflows groove 9 output from the upside of melting drain tank 7, processes the vitreous body, and accessible centrifugal production forms the heat preservation cotton.
As shown in fig. 2, four to six natural gas nozzles 6 are arranged outside the combustion section 4, the natural gas nozzles 6 are distributed in an annular array, each natural gas nozzle 6 is in a fifteen-degree state, the positions of the natural gas nozzles 6 are eccentric, natural gas flames ejected from the natural gas nozzles 6 form a vortex-shaped structure to form annular airflow of the flames, the fly ash material on the upper layer of the water-cooling fence 2 can be rapidly heated and incinerated, the annular heating airflow forms annular heating in the melting section 3, and the heating time and the heating uniformity of the fly ash material by the airflow can be prolonged.
In order to realize the safety of high-temperature incineration of a melting system, a safety pressure relief structure is arranged at the upper end of the melting furnace 1, and pressure relief can be performed when the pressure in the melting furnace 1 suddenly rises, so that the safety of the melting furnace 1 is improved; the upper end of the melting furnace 1 is provided with a safety hole 45 with a pressure relief opening, the upper part of the safety hole 45 is provided with a lifting movable safety valve 46, the upper part of the safety valve 46 is fixedly connected with a sliding rod 48 and supported by a supporting frame 47, the sliding rod 48 extends into the supporting frame 47 to form a lifting sliding structure, a spring 49 is elastically pressed between the supporting frame 47 and the safety valve 46, and the spring 49 can push the safety valve 46 downwards through elastic pressure to block the pressure relief opening on the closed safety hole 45; the safety valve 46 can be lifted up by a phenomenon that natural gas is detonated during combustion or ignition by a spring against pressure generated by combustion inside the melting furnace 1, and the pressure can be removed, thereby ensuring stability of the pressure inside the melting furnace 1 and maintaining safety of the melting furnace 1.
Because the temperature can be increased violently in the high-temperature incineration process, in order to ensure the structural stability and the strength of the water-cooling fence 2, the water-cooling fence 2 can adopt a plurality of hollow carbon steel water pipes, a gap of about 5cm is formed between adjacent carbon steel water pipes, and the upper part of the water-cooling fence 2 can bear fly ash material particles; and the two ends of the carbon steel water pipe are communicated with a cooling liquid source, and the circulation of the cooling liquid is realized by conveying through a circulating pump, so that the carbon steel water pipe is cooled to avoid the over-high temperature of the water-cooling fence 2 from melting and damaging.
During the medium-high temperature incineration and melting of the melting furnace 1, on one hand, a downward falling glass fluid is formed, and on the other hand, burned flue gas is formed, so that a flue gas pipe 16 is connected to one side of the upper part of the melting furnace 1 for discharging the flue gas, and then the flue gas enters a waste gas treatment system for treating the flue gas; and the other side of the upper part of the melting furnace 1 is provided with a feeding hole 10, a feeding system is arranged outside the feeding hole 10, fly ash material particles are conveyed into the melting furnace 1 through the feeding system, and then the materials are incinerated at high temperature.
The feeding system can process and convey fly ash materials, and then the fly ash materials are input into the melting furnace 1 from the upper part of the feeding platform 11; as shown in fig. 5, the feeding system includes a feeding platform 11, a feeding device 12 and a pressing device 13, and the pressing device 13 can mix the fly ash waste and other raw materials and extrude the mixture to form particles of fly ash material; the feeding device 12 can obliquely convey the fly ash material particles upwards and convey the fly ash material particles to the feeding platform 11; a feed hopper 14 is arranged on the upper side of the feeding platform 11, and the materials conveyed upwards from the feeding device 12 fall onto the feeding platform 11 from the feed hopper 14 and then fall into the melting furnace 1 from the feed inlet 10;
the height of the feeding platform 11 is basically consistent with that of the feeding hole 10, the feeding platform is inclined downwards towards one side of the feeding platform 11, and the inclined downwards side of the feeding platform is communicated with the feeding hole 10; the material on the upper part of the feeding platform 11 is pushed by a pushing mechanism, the pushing mechanism comprises a pushing rod 40 and a pushing plate 41, the pushing plate 41 is fixedly arranged at the output end of the pushing rod 40, the pushing rod 40 is erected on the upper part of the feeding platform 11, the lower end of the pushing rod is close to the upper surface of the feeding platform 11, the pushing rod 40 can drive the pushing plate 41 to move back and forth through the extension and retraction of the pushing rod 40, and the fly ash material particles on the feeding platform 11 are pushed into the melting furnace 1 from the feeding port 10; and because the inclination about fifteen degrees of feeding platform 11 one-tenth to the fly ash material granule that feeding platform 11 slided into to feed inlet 10 becomes certain inclination and throws into, and has certain initial velocity, thereby can fall into the central point of melting furnace 1 and put, most material can throw the position placed in the middle on the water-cooling fence 2, and make natural gas nozzle 6 can carry out even abundant heating to fly ash material granule at the intermediate position of burning zone 4, thereby ensure high temperature incineration's homogeneity and validity.
Because a negative pressure state is formed in the melting furnace 1 in the burning process of the melting furnace 1, in order to avoid the blockage generated from the feed inlet 10, the feed inlet 10 can be blocked through the material baffle plate 42, and the safety of the feed inlet 10 is kept; the upper side of the feeding device 12 is rotatably connected with the side edge of the feeding hole 10, a fixing plate 43 is fixed on the outer side of the upper part of the feeding hole 10, and a tension spring 44 is connected between the fixing plate 43 and the striker plate 42; in the process that the material pushing rod 40 is produced each time and drives the material pushing plate 41 to push the material on the feeding platform 11 to enter the feeding hole 10, the material pushing plate 41 can push the material blocking plate 42 open, the material blocking plate 42 rotates and swings towards the inner side of the feeding hole 10 to open the feeding hole 10, so that fly ash material particles can fall into the melting furnace 1 from the feeding hole 10; then the material pushing rod 40 drives the material pushing plate 41 to retract, the tension spring 44 elastically returns, the position of the material blocking plate 42 is restored, the feed port 10 is plugged again, and therefore the safety and stability of the feed port 10 are kept.
The waste gas treatment system comprises a cyclone dust removal device 15 and a secondary system, wherein an air inlet at the upper side of the cyclone dust removal device 15 is connected with a flue gas pipe 16, the lower end of the cyclone dust removal device 15 is communicated with the melting furnace 1 through a return pipe 18, and a discharge port at the upper side of the cyclone dust removal device 15 is connected with the secondary system through a discharge pipe 17; the flue gas discharged from the flue gas pipe 16 generates rotary motion in the cyclone dust collector 15, and the flue gas rotates from top to bottom along the inner wall of the cyclone dust collector 15; the dust particles which are not completely melted in the smoke are separated from the airflow under the action of centrifugal force, fall into an ash hopper along the wall under the action of gravity, are discharged from an ash discharge port at the lower end of the cyclone dust removal device 15, flow back to the melting section 3 of the melting furnace 1 again from the return pipe 18, and are subjected to high-temperature burning again through the high temperature in the melting section 3, so that the burning and melting are more sufficient; the gas separated by the particles can rotate along the discharge pipe and is discharged upwards from the discharge port, and then is discharged into a secondary combustion system from the discharge pipe 17, and the flue gas is subjected to high-temperature treatment again, so that harmful substances such as dioxin and the like in the flue gas are eliminated.
Among the waste gas treatment systems, the secondary combustion system mainly comprises a sedimentation bin 22, a heating bin 23 and a secondary combustion bin 24 which are connected from bottom to top, a discharge pipe 17 which is contacted with a discharge port on the upper side of a cyclone dust removal device 15 is communicated with the outer side of the sedimentation bin 22, gas discharged from the upper side of the cyclone dust removal device 15 is input into the sedimentation bin 22, then the flue gas rises from top to bottom from the inside of the sedimentation bin 22, and high-temperature heating treatment is continued through high temperature in the rising process, so that harmful substances in the gas are eliminated;
the first mixing net 27 is arranged in the settling bin 22, the second mixing net 30 is arranged in the second combustion bin 24, and the first mixing net 27 and the second mixing net 30 both have large surface areas and can fully heat gas when the gas passes through, so that the high-temperature treatment efficiency of the gas is improved; an inclined plane 28 is arranged on one side of the connection part of the interior of the settling bin 22 back to the discharge pipe 17, smoke enters the settling bin 22 from the discharge pipe 17, generates a spray pile with the inclined plane 28, and is directly upwards input into the heating bin 23 and the secondary combustion bin 24, so that the circulation path of the smoke in the settling bin 22 can be improved;
the diameter of the heating bin 23 is smaller than that of the settling bin 22 and the secondary combustion bin 24, a plurality of heating guns 29 are arranged outside the heating bin 23, and the flue gas in the heating bin 23 can be further heated through the heating guns 29, so that high-temperature treatment is performed on dioxin in the flue gas, and harmful substances in the flue gas are further eliminated; the diameter of the secondary combustion chamber 24 connected with the upper part of the heating chamber 23 is larger than that of the settling chamber 22, the top of the secondary combustion chamber 24 is connected with an exhaust gas pipe 25 which directly discharges the flue gas to a subsequent treatment system, a heat recovery cover 31 is arranged in the secondary combustion chamber 24, the heat recovery cover 31 is of a leak-shaped structure, the upper end of the heat recovery cover is open, the mixing net II 30 covers the outer side of the heat recovery cover 31, and the flue gas can enter from the inner part of the secondary combustion chamber 24; the lower end of the heat recovery cover 31 is connected with a heat recovery pipe 32, the lower end of the heat recovery pipe 32 sequentially penetrates through the heating bin 23 and the settling bin 22, extends out of the lower end of the settling bin 22 and is connected with an air return pipe 21, and the other end of the air return pipe 21 is communicated with the melting section 3; the blower 65 is installed on the air return pipe 21, the blower 65 can drive the air in the air return pipe 21 to flow to the melting section 3 for conveying, the heat recovery cover 31 re-pumps the high-temperature air in the secondary combustion chamber 24 into the melting section 3, and the high-temperature air is re-supplemented into the melting section 3 for high-temperature heating, so that the treatment efficiency and the sufficient degree of dioxin are improved.
The gas return pipe 21 and the return pipe 18 are communicated through the mixer 19 and then communicated with the outer wall of the melting furnace 1, so that the circulating reflux of the flue gas is realized; the mixer 19 is of a tubular structure which is penetrated in the front and back, the front end and the back end of the mixer 19 are connected into the air return pipe 21, and the other end of the air return pipe 21 is connected to the outer peripheral wall of the melting furnace 1 to form a main pipeline which circulates into the melting furnace 1; a throat pipe 33 with two large ends and a small middle part is arranged in the mixer 19, an injection end 34 and an output end 35 of the throat pipe 33 are respectively connected with the inner wall of the mixer 19, an annular mixing cavity 36 is formed between the throat pipe 33 and the peripheral wall of the mixer 19, a plurality of mixing holes 37 are arranged on the periphery of the middle section of the throat pipe 33, an air supplement pipe 20 is connected to the outer side of the mixing cavity 36, and the air supplement pipe 20 is used for being connected with an external air source; when the circulating flue gas in the return pipe 21 is input into the mixer 19 and flows in the throat 33 in the mixer 19, the throat 33 is in a reducing shape, the diameter of the middle pipe is reduced, the flow velocity of the gas at the small diameter position of the throat 33 is increased, the pressure is reduced along with the flow velocity, inward negative pressure is generated in the mixing cavity 36 at the periphery of the throat 33, so that the air is sucked into the throat 33 through the air supplementing pipe 20 connected with the mixing cavity 36, the oxygen content in the flue gas is increased, the air is preheated in advance through the circulating flue gas in the throat 33, and then the circulating flue gas is input into the melting section 3 of the melting furnace 1 from the tail end of the return pipe 21 to supplement the air for burning the fly ash;
a throat pipe 39 is fixed in the middle of one side of the injection end 34 of the throat pipe 33, the front end and the rear end of the throat pipe 39 are open, and the direction of the throat pipe 39 is consistent with that of the mixer 19; the inner diameter of the necking pipe 39 is a structure with a small middle part and two large ends, a return hole 38 is arranged at the small diameter part of the middle section of the necking pipe 39, the outer side of the return hole 38 is connected with the return pipe 18, and the other end of the return pipe 18 passes through the outer wall of the mixer 19 to be connected with a discharge port at the lower end of the cyclone dust removal device 15; the circulating flue gas flowing at high speed in the mixer 19 can generate airflow in the mixer 19, when the gas flows through the middle section of the mixer 19, the pipe diameter is reduced, then the pressure in the mixer 19 is reduced, the fly ash residue in the pipeline of the return pipe 18 is sucked into the mixing net II 30 at an accelerated speed, the fly ash residue is mixed and scattered along with the circulation of the circulating flue gas, and the fly ash residue sequentially passes through the mixer 19 along the circulation of the circulating flue gas and then is input into the melting furnace 1 through the return pipe 21, and the circulating incineration treatment is carried out on the flue gas particles at the position, so that the fly ash can be fully incinerated and melted; in the process that the fly ash residues and the flue gas flow into the throat 33, air is sucked from the air supply pipe 20 to form radial flow, the air, the circulating flue gas and the fly ash residue particles are further uniformly mixed, so that the air, the circulating flue gas and the fly ash residue particles are fully exchanged in temperature to form circulating fluid with uniform temperature, and then the circulating fluid is circularly injected into the melting furnace 1 to be burned in the melting furnace;
the tail end of the air return pipe 21 can be directly connected to the position of the melting section 3, in order to improve that the circulating flue gas input from the air return pipe 21 can be fully circulated and burnt in the melting furnace 1, the tail end of the air return pipe 21 can also be connected to the outer side of the melting furnace 1 and is introduced into the combustion section 4, the temperature in the combustion section 4 is higher, and the path which the fly ash passes through in the high-temperature burning process can also be further improved, so that the burning sufficiency of the fly ash is improved.
Example two
The embodiment discloses a fly ash high-temperature melting treatment system, which is based on the first embodiment and shown in fig. 7 and 8, and further optimizes the circulating reflux incineration treatment of flue gas in a melting furnace 1;
a preheating device 50 is fixed in the melting section 3 of the melting furnace 1, the preheating device 50 is of a cylindrical structure, specifically, the preheating device 50 comprises a preheating cover 51 with an outer diameter slightly smaller than that of the melting section 3, the preheating cover 51 is fixed on the inner wall of the melting section 3 through a support frame, a reducing section 52 with a gradually reduced diameter is formed at the upper end of the preheating cover 51, and a flaring section 53 with a slightly enlarged diameter is connected at the upper end of the reducing section 52; the air duct 54 is sleeved in the preheating cover 51, and the air duct 54 is fixed on the inner wall of the preheating cover 51 through a support frame; a preheating gap 55 is formed between the gas guide pipe 54 and the preheating cover 51, the return pipe 18 extends into the melting section 3 and is communicated with the preheating gap 55, the circulating flue gas in the return pipe 21 can be input into the preheating gap 55, and sufficient high-temperature heating is carried out in the preheating gap 55; a plurality of preheating rings 56 are arranged in the preheating gap 55 from top to bottom, the preheating rings 56 can perform sufficient air heat exchange in the preheating gap 55, are blocked by the necking section 52 in the rising process, continuously fall from the lower end of the preheating gap 55, and fall onto the water-cooled fence 2 for incineration, so that the incineration melting effect of fly ash is improved;
the fly ash material particles heated from the feed inlet 10 at the upper side of the melting furnace 1 fall from the center of the upper part of the flared section 53 and then pass through the air duct 54; a fixed sieve plate 57 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the preheating hood 51 to support the fly ash material particles, a movable sieve plate 58 is rotatably connected to the upper part of the fixed sieve plate 57, and the movable sieve plate 58 is driven to rotate by a rotating device 60; a plurality of sieve material holes 59 are formed in the corresponding positions of the fixed sieve plate 57 and the movable sieve plate 58, and the sieve material holes 59 can be penetrated by fly ash material particles; the edges of the fixed sieve plates 57 are also provided with sieve material holes 59, the middle of the movable sieve plates 58 is of a bulge-shaped structure, in the process that the rotating device 60 drives the movable sieve plates 58 to rotate, the fly ash material particles on the upper sides of the movable sieve plates 58 can move outwards towards the edges of the movable sieve plates 58, so that the fly ash material particles can be uniformly dispersed downwards from the sieve material holes 59 and then uniformly fall to the upper layer of the water-cooling fence 2, a gap is formed between the upper parts of the movable sieve plates 58 and the lower ends of the gas guide pipes 54, in the process of further moving outwards, part of the fly ash material particles can fall from the gap and then fall from the sieve material holes 59 on the outer sides of the fixed sieve plates 57, uniform high-temperature incineration can be carried out on the upper layer of the water-cooling fence 2, and the uniformity of high-temperature incineration at the melting section 3 is improved.
The movable sieve plate 58 is driven to rotate by the rotating device 60, the rotating device 60 comprises a hollow rotating cavity 63, a rotating paddle 64 is rotatably connected in the rotating cavity 63, the upper end of the rotating paddle 64 is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft 61, the upper end of the rotating shaft 61 extends out of the rotating cavity 63 and is fixedly connected with the movable sieve plate 58, and the extending position of the rotating shaft 61 is sealed by a high-temperature-resistant sealing element, so that the rotating paddle 64 and the movable sieve plate 58 can be kept to rotate synchronously; one side of the rotating cavity 63 is connected with an eccentrically arranged water pipe 62, cooling water can be circularly input into the water pipe 62, and the rotating paddle 64 is pushed to rotate through the cooling water, so that the movable sieve plate 58 is driven to rotate, and fly ash material particles on the upper side of the movable sieve plate 58 can be uniformly dispersed; the cooling liquid can cool the whole rotating device 60 in the driving process, and the scattering uniformity of the fly ash material particles can be improved in the driving process of the rotating device 60.
EXAMPLE III
The embodiment discloses a fly ash high-temperature melting recycling treatment process, which is characterized in that a fly ash high-temperature melting treatment system in the embodiment is adopted for processing, fly ash waste can be incinerated at high temperature to form a molten glass body, then a solution is processed into fibers through centrifugal processing, and the fibers are solidified and processed into heat-insulating cotton to form waste recycling of the fly ash waste;
(1) fly ash granulation: mixing fly ash raw material and silicate cement by semi-wet stirring, pressing into fly ash material particles with particle size of 80-100mm, and naturally drying in the shade for 3-5 days for later use;
(2) high-temperature melting: conveying the fly ash material particles dried in the shade to a melting furnace body through a feeding system, and adding the fly ash material particles into a closed structure passing through a feed inlet before and after the fly ash material particles are added, so that the feed inlet is kept safely closed and tempering is prevented; then burning and melting the fly ash in the melting furnace body through natural gas; controlling the melting temperature in the melting furnace body to be 1600-1700 ℃, so that the fly ash is melted to form a melt, and impurities in the fly ash material particles are combusted to form dust tail gas; controlling the filling coefficient of the material amount of the melting section of the melting furnace body to be less than 70% in the incineration process;
(3) reprocessing treatment: discharging a melt formed in the high-temperature melting process, centrifuging the melt into fibers through a centrifugal machine, and preparing heat-insulating cotton through a cotton collecting pendulum, solidification treatment and cutting to realize the recycling of fly ash;
(4) tail gas treatment: separating the dust tail gas discharged from the upper end of the melting furnace through a cyclone dust removal device to form solid fly ash residue powder and combustion tail gas, and discharging the fly ash residue powder into the melting furnace again for circulating incineration; the combustion tail gas enters a secondary combustion system, organic pollutants such as dioxin and the like in the combustion tail gas are further incinerated and removed through continuous heating, and then other pollutants in the tail gas are treated through dry denitration process treatment, cloth bag dust removal treatment and washing tower deacidification treatment.
In the combustion high-temperature melting process, the heat balance calculation is carried out at the following 1t/h, and the control parameters are as follows:
(1) working environment conditions of the high-temperature melting furnace:
a: average atmospheric pressure: po ═ 101.6 kpa;
b: average annual air temperature: 16.2 ℃, ambient temperature: 25 ℃;
c: the furnace temperature of the high-temperature melting furnace body is as follows: 1600 ℃ -1700 ℃, temperature in the secondary combustion system: the residence time of the flue gas in the secondary combustion system is about 3-10s at 1100-1200 ℃, and the design is adopted to ensure that the removal rate of the dioxin in the hazardous waste is more than 99.99 percent.
(2) High temperature melting fly ash case:
a: treatment amount: m is 835 Kg/h;
b: chemical composition design value of high-temperature melt: CaO: 49.69 percent; SiO 22：5.59％；Al2O3：1.31％；Cl：26.23％；Fe2O3: 1.10 percent; MgO: 0.86 percent; and others: 15.22 percent.
(3) Heat balance and main technical parameters of the system:
air amount, flue gas amount, excess oxygen amount and flue gas resistance at different temperatures and the same excess air coefficient (residual oxygen of 6%):
thermodynamic calculation result of high-temperature melting furnace body
Figure BDA0003264445860000141
And (3) carrying out tail gas treatment on the discharged tail gas after the secondary combustion system, and treating various pollutants in the tail gas through dry denitration process treatment, cloth bag dust removal treatment and washing tower deacidification treatment.
Thermal calculation results of dry processor
Figure BDA0003264445860000142
Figure BDA0003264445860000151
Bag-type dust collector (aeration area 400 m)2) Result of thermal calculation
Inlet temperature of flue gas 190℃ Concentration of outlet dust 14mg/Nm3
Flue gas outlet temperature 175℃ Dust removal efficiency More than 99.9 percent
Resistance of flue gas 2000Pa Amount of outlet flue gas 4400Nm3/h
Dust concentration at inlet 120mg/Nm3 Ash discharge amount 0.79Kg/h
Thermodynamic calculation result of washing tower
Inlet temperature of flue gas 165℃ Concentration of outlet dust 20mg/Nm3
Flue gas outlet temperature 80℃ Efficiency of deacidification More than 95 percent
Resistance of flue gas 1200Pa Amount of outlet flue gas 4400Nm3/h
Dust concentration at inlet 14mg/Nm3 Superficial velocity 1.2m/s
Amount of circulating water 70t/h Consumption of water 350Kg/h
Diameter of washing tower 4.2m Effective height 10m
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The fly ash high-temperature melting treatment system is characterized by comprising a melting system, a feeding system and a waste gas treatment system, wherein the melting system comprises a melting furnace (1), a water-cooling fence (2) is arranged at the lower part of the melting furnace (1), a melting section (3) is arranged at the upper part of the water-cooling fence (2), a combustion section (4) is arranged at the lower part of the water-cooling fence, a slag groove (5) is arranged at the bottom of the melting furnace (1), a melting liquid outlet groove (7) with an overflow groove (9) is arranged at one side of the slag groove (5), and the slag groove (5) and the melting liquid outlet groove (7) are communicated through a liquid outlet hole (8); a plurality of natural gas nozzles (6) distributed in an annular array are arranged on the outer side of the combustion section (4), and the natural gas nozzles (6) are obliquely downward and eccentrically arranged; the upper part of the melting furnace (1) is provided with a flue gas pipe (16) and a feeding hole (10).
2. A fly ash high temperature melting treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the water cooling fence (2) comprises a plurality of hollow carbon steel water pipes, and the carbon steel water pipes are communicated with a cooling liquid source to realize circulation cooling.
3. A fly ash high temperature melting treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the melting furnace (1) is provided with a safety hole (45) at the upper end, a safety valve (46) for blocking the safety hole (45) is arranged at the upper part of the safety hole (45), a slide rod (48) is connected to the upper part of the safety valve (46), the slide rod (48) is slidably supported by a support frame (47), and a spring (49) is elastically pressed between the support frame (47) and the safety valve (46).
4. A fly ash high temperature melting treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the feeding system comprises a feeding platform (11), a feeding device (12) and a pressing device (13), a feeding hopper (14) is arranged on the upper side of the feeding platform (11), the feeding platform (11) is connected with the feeding port (10) and inclines downwards towards one side of the feeding port (10), the lower end of the feeding device (12) is connected with the pressing device (13), the upper end of the feeding device is connected with the feeding hopper (14), a material pushing rod (40) is arranged on the upper portion of the feeding platform (11), a material pushing plate (41) is arranged on the output end of the material pushing rod (40), and the material pushing plate (41) is used for pushing materials into the feeding port (10).
5. A fly ash high-temperature melting treatment system according to claim 4, wherein a feeding device (12) for blocking is arranged at the feeding hole (10), the upper side of the feeding device (12) is rotatably connected with the feeding hole (10), a fixing plate (43) is fixed on the outer side of the upper part of the feeding hole (10), and a tension spring (44) is connected between the fixing plate (43) and the baffle plate (42).
6. The high-temperature melting treatment system for fly ash according to claim 1, wherein the waste gas treatment system comprises a cyclone dust removal device (15) and a secondary system, the upper side of the cyclone dust removal device (15) is communicated with the melting furnace (1) through a flue gas pipe (16), the upper end of the cyclone dust removal device (15) is connected with a discharge pipe (17), the lower end of the cyclone dust removal device is communicated with the melting section (3) of the melting furnace (1) through a return pipe (18), a mixer (19) is arranged between the return pipe (18) and the melting furnace (1), the secondary system comprises a settling bin (22), a heating bin (23) and a secondary bin (24) which are connected from bottom to top, and the tail end of the discharge pipe (17) is communicated with the outer side of the settling bin (22).
7. The high-temperature melting treatment system for fly ash according to claim 6, wherein the diameter of the heating bin (23) is smaller than that of the settling bin (22) and the secondary bin (24), a plurality of heating guns (29) are arranged outside the heating bin (23), a first mixing net (27) is arranged inside the settling bin (22), a second mixing net (30) is arranged inside the secondary bin (24), the settling bin (22) comprises an inclined plane (28) facing away from the joint of the discharge pipe (17), a heat recovery cover (31) with a funnel shape with a large upper part and a small lower part is arranged inside the secondary bin (24), the lower end of the heat recovery cover (31) is connected with a heat recovery pipe (32), the lower end of the heat recovery pipe (32) sequentially penetrates through the heating bin (23) and the settling bin (22), extends out of the lower end of the settling bin (22) and is connected with an air return pipe (21), the other end of the air return pipe (21) is communicated with the melting section (3); the air return pipe (21) is provided with a fan (65).
8. The high-temperature melting treatment system for fly ash according to claim 7, wherein the front end and the rear end of the mixer (19) are connected to a return pipe (21), a throat (33) with two large ends and a small middle is arranged inside the mixer (19), the injection end (34) and the output end (35) of the throat (33) are respectively connected with the inner wall of the mixer (19), an annular mixing cavity (36) is formed between the throat (33) and the peripheral wall of the mixer (19), the outer side of the mixing cavity (36) is connected with an air supplement pipe (20), the air supplement pipe (20) is used for being connected with an external air source, and the middle section of the throat (33) is provided with a plurality of mixing holes (37).
9. A fly ash high-temperature melting treatment system according to claim 8, wherein a throat pipe (39) is fixed in the middle of one side of the injection end (34) of the throat pipe (33), the inner diameter of the throat pipe (39) is a structure with a small middle and two large ends, a return hole (38) is arranged in the middle section of the throat pipe (39), and the return pipe (18) is connected to the outer side of the return hole (38).
10. The high-temperature melting treatment system for fly ash according to claim 9, wherein a preheating device (50) is arranged inside the melting section (3), the preheating device (50) comprises a preheating cover (51) with an outer diameter slightly smaller than that of the melting section (3), a necking section (52) is arranged at the upper end of the preheating cover (51), an expanding section (53) is arranged at the upper end of the necking section (52), a gas guide pipe (54) is sleeved inside the preheating cover (51), a preheating gap (55) is formed between the gas guide pipe (54) and the preheating cover (51), a plurality of preheating rings (56) are arranged inside the preheating gap (55) from top to bottom, and the return pipe (18) extends into the melting section (3) and is communicated with the preheating gap (55).
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CN114777507A (en) * 2022-04-26 2022-07-22 浙江伊诺环保科技股份有限公司 Fly ash jetting circulating combustion system
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