CN113699600A - 具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品及其制备方法 - Google Patents
具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品及其制备方法,将功能半导体材料与聚合物基体进行复合制得的纤维或者纺织品;所述功能半导体材料为HOF‑101、HOF‑102、NU‑1000、NU‑1000‑PCBA、UiO‑66‑AA和PCN‑222中的一种;所述聚合物基体为聚合物颗粒或者织物。制得的所述防护品对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和甲型H1N1模拟物的灭活率均大于99%,所述防护品对芥子气模拟物CEES的降解率为100%,所述防护品的透气率≥30mm/s;且所述防护品在可见光环境下持续使用3天以上后,性能不下降。本发明的方法操作简单、高效、效用持久,有利于大规模生产,应用前景广阔,产业化可以有效填补国内的同种功能纤维/纺织品制备技术的空白。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于防护品技术领域,涉及一种具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品及其制备方法。
背景技术
生化武器是人类公认的三种大规模杀伤性武器之一,它们可经呼吸道、眼睛和皮肤进入人体,导致人体中毒或神经功能紊乱,严重者当场毙命。而糜烂性毒剂芥子气,对人体存在极大的危害性,但是目前,针对该气体的防护品,主要是以阻隔防护为主,即利用不透气性能对芥子气起到阻隔,如以橡胶材质的二级核生化防护服材料;专利CN103709536A中,以溴化丁基橡胶为基础性组剂,制备出具有优良耐芥子气防护性能的防毒面具,但是其无法克服橡胶材料本身的不透气性。又如专利CN106827735A制备出一种具有芥子气阻隔效果的织物,其虽然相对于橡胶材料具有一定的透气性,但由于各功能织物层依靠胶粘剂连接在一起,仍然存在其透气性较差的问题。透气性差会导致舒适性差,长时间穿戴容易引起皮肤水肿甚至过敏。
近来,在各种需要防护的场景下,多效防护显得越发重要,如新型冠状病毒肆虐等使得防护品不能仅仅只考虑某些单一的防护性能,也不能只考虑只能作为一次性用品的防护品,专利CN113068884A将间歇性消毒装置内置于医用防护服,制备出用于防止使用者感染的防护服,但是这种依赖于内置装置的防护服无法保证长期有效的消毒,一旦装置发生损坏,可能会产生严重后果,装置损坏后的防护服等同于一次性防护服。又如专利CN113068885A将多片单片缝合,并用胶带将缝合处封住,同时设置排气口,制备出兼具高效防渗透兼具透气性的防护服,然而是一次性防护服,且仅仅起到阻隔作用,不具备杀灭病毒的功能,而研究表明新冠病毒等病毒类防护对象在体外存活时间可达3天以上,未及时处理过的口罩和防护服依旧会导致病菌的传播。
因此,研发出一种具有主动防御功能、具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能、透气且可重复使用的防护类产品具有十分重要的意义。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中存在的问题,本发明提供一种具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品及其制备方法。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用的方案如下:
一种具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品的制备方法,将功能半导体材料与聚合物基体进行复合制得的纤维或者纺织品;
所述功能半导体材料为HOF-101、HOF-102、NU-1000、NU-1000-PCBA、UiO-66-AA和PCN-222的一种;
所述聚合物基体为聚合物颗粒或者织物。
所述的功能半导体材料具有良好的热稳定性和化学稳定性,在与聚合物基体复合时,不会受热分解、溶解或降低可见光催化产生单线态氧的功能。所述功能半导体材料的配体中存在如芘、卟啉和光活性乙酰丙酮等能在可见光辐射下本征或和其他配体协同作用引起电荷转移催化生成具有强氧化能力的单线态氧,可破坏细菌的细胞壁和病毒的蛋白质外壳,使其失活,并且不会使其产生耐药性,功能半导体材料在可见光催化下产生的单线态氧亦可对芥子气模拟物2-氯乙基乙基硫醚(CEES)进行氧化解毒,将其转化为无毒的2-氯乙基乙基亚砜(CEESO)。
作为优选的技术方案:
如上所述的一种具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品的制备方法,所述复合是指:将所述功能半导体材料与聚合物颗粒熔融共混,并经熔融纺丝纺制成纤维,再将纤维编织成织物,即具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品;
所述功能半导体材料与所述聚合物颗粒的质量比为0.5~1.5:98.5~99.5;若功能半导体材料与聚合物基体的质量比低于范围,则会降低抗芥子气、抗菌和抗病毒性能,若高于范围,则会导致断丝,无法形成连续化的纺丝过程。
所述聚合物颗粒为熔融纺丝温度低于400℃的聚合物中的一种,可以为聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚酰胺或者聚丙烯。
如上所述的一种具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品的制备方法,熔融共混的温度比聚合物的熔点高30~70℃,熔融纺丝中的卷绕速率为800~900m/min。
融熔纺丝过程中,温度高于聚合物温度30~70℃可以使得聚合物分子链更容易解缠结,利于功能半导体材料和聚合物基体的结合,卷绕速率低于常规融纺的卷绕速率(常规为1500~3000m/min),利于获得较大直径的纤维(30~40μm),功能半导体材料粒径普遍大于10μm使得半导体材料半包覆于纤维基体中,形成紧密相界面结合的同时对功能实现的影响较小,而常规卷绕速率得到的纤维直径过小,纤维基体内包覆功能材料容易形成断丝,导致连续纺丝失败,若卷绕速率低于800m/min,则得到过大直径的纤维,会将半导体材料完全包覆,严重影响其功能实现。
如上所述的一种具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品的制备方法,所述复合是指:将所述功能半导体材料超声分散于溶剂(丙酮、乙醇和水中的一种以上)中获得均匀稳定的分散液,再将分散液喷涂于织物表面经红外照射后还经轧辊挤压和热对流烘干去除溶剂制成纺织品,具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品;
所述分散液中,所述功能半导体材料的质量浓度为15%~30%,且所述纺织品上,所述功能半导体材料的质量为所述织物质量的0.3%~1.2%;分散液中功能半导体材料的质量分数低于范围,则会降低单次喷涂后织物上功能纳米颗粒的负载量,需要提高喷涂次数,降低了织物制备效率,若高于范围,则容易堵塞喷枪喷头,无法形成均匀喷涂。织物表面功能半导体材料负载量低于范围,会降低抗芥子气、抗菌和抗病毒性能,若高于范围,则会导致浪费,并且过高会使得额外的功能半导体材料与织物表面结合较差从而脱落。
所述织物为棉布、涤纶布、麻布或者融喷布。
如上所述的一种具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品的制备方法,所述红外照射时,红外设备功率为250W,光源距离纺织品5~20cm,照射时间为2~5min;所述轧辊挤压时,轧辊的压力为0.4~0.6MPa。
红外辅助喷涂过程中,在短暂的红外照射后,添加了轧辊挤压织物这一工序(区别于常规红外喷涂技术),可以将未挥发溶剂更好的排除,并且在外力作用下,将半导体材料更好的压入织物的纱线单元中,此外,先用红外照射可以使大部分溶剂挥发掉,避免了之后在轧辊挤压过程中由于溶剂量大,挤去溶剂的同时带走大量半导体材料的情况。
如上所述的一种具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品的制备方法,所述复合是指:将所述功能半导体材料与聚合物颗粒配置成静电纺丝原液,并通过静电纺丝工艺制成纳米纤维膜;
所述静电纺丝工艺中,采用气流扰动装置使氮气从上、下、左和右四个方向吹向受电场作用而被牵伸的纤维;
所述静电纺丝原液中,所述功能半导体材料的质量浓度为1%~5%。静电纺丝原液中的功能半导体材料的质量浓度过低会降低纳米纤维膜低抗芥子气、抗菌和抗病毒性能,过高则会降低纳米纤维膜成膜率,使得纤维膜上有毫米级空缺,严重影响性能。
如上所述的一种具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品的制备方法,所述聚合物颗粒为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚丙烯腈或者聚乙烯醇。
如上所述的一种具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品的制备方法,所述静电纺丝工艺中,纺丝环境温度为40~60℃,相对湿度为20~30%,每个方向的氮气流速均为1~5km/h(纺丝成膜过程受氮气流扰动装置调控);所述四个方向均与纺丝针的轴向垂直。
静电纺丝过程中,额外增加的气流扰动装置(区别于常规静电纺丝技术),可以将本该落于外圈的纳米纤维吹向中心,避免形成的纤维膜中间厚,外圈薄的缺陷,使得到的纤维膜整体上缺口少、厚度均匀。
本发明还提供如上所述的一种具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品的制备方法制得的防护品,所述防护品对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和甲型H1N1模拟物的灭活率均大于99%,所述防护品对芥子气模拟物CEES的降解率为100%,所述熔融纺丝后编织和红外辅助喷涂这两种方法制备的防护品的透气率≥75mm/s,静电纺丝制备的防护品的透气率≥30mm/s;
所述防护品在可见光环境下持续使用3天以上后,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和甲型H1N1模拟物的灭活率均大于99%,且对芥子气模拟物CEES的降解率为100%,熔融纺丝后编织和红外辅助喷涂这两种方法制备的防护品的透气率≥75mm/s,静电纺丝制备的防护品的透气率≥30mm/s。
本发明的原理是:
本发明中通过将具备可见光催化产生单线态氧功能的半导体材料与匹配于其温度稳定窗口的一系列易于熔融纺丝的聚合物进行共混熔融纺丝,制备出含有功能半导体材料的复合纤维,或者,通过红外辅助喷涂和轧辊挤压和热对流烘干等技术结合,将功能半导体材料负载于一系列商用织物上,或者,通过将功能能半导体材料与聚合物基体配置成静电纺丝原液,用静电纺丝技术制成纳米纤维膜,实现了对纺织品的有效改性,赋予了普通纺织品抗芥子气、抗菌和抗病毒的功能,功能能半导体材料可自行制备,改性操作简单高效,易于大规模制备,填补了国内多功能主动防御型纺织品的空白。
有益效果
(1)本发明采用的具备可见光催化产生单线态氧功能的半导体材料具有良好的热稳定性和化学稳定性,可按比例与聚合物共混熔融纺丝制成功能纤维,或者配置成静电纺丝原液进行静电纺丝制成纳米纤维膜,利于大规模制备;
(2)本发明采用的功能半导体材料与多种织物的结合性良好,可做涂层材料,利用红外辅助喷涂和轧染等技术直接改性织物;
(3)本发明的方法操作简单、高效、效用持久,有利于大规模生产,应用前景广阔;
(4)本发明制备的具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的纤维/纺织品可有效地应用在口罩、防毒面具、医用防护服、家用纺织品、服装、飞机、高铁等内饰,航天员服饰,军用作战服饰等领域;
(5)本发明的具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的纤维/纺织品的产业化可以有效填补国内的同种功能纤维/纺织品制备技术的空白。
附图说明
图1为本发明中的功能半导体材料(HOF-102)复合聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯纤维的SEM照片。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
实施例1A
一种具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品的制备方法,是按照质量比为1:99,将所述功能半导体材料HOF-102与聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯颗粒熔融共混,并经熔融纺丝纺制成纤维(如图1所示),再将纤维编织成织物,即具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品;
熔融共混的温度为265℃,熔融纺丝中的卷绕速率为850m/min。
制得的防护品对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和甲型H1N1模拟物的灭活率均大于99%,所述防护品对芥子气模拟物CEES的降解率为100%,所述防护品的透气率为82.1mm/s;
所述防护品在可见光环境下持续使用3天以上后,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和甲型H1N1模拟物的灭活率均大于99%,且对芥子气模拟物CEES的降解率为100%,透气率为79.6mm/s。
实施例2A
一种具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品的制备方法,是按照质量比为0.5:99.5,将所述功能半导体材料NU-1000-PCBA与聚酰胺颗粒熔融共混,并经熔融纺丝纺制成纤维,再将纤维编织成织物,即具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品;
熔融共混的温度为285℃,熔融纺丝中的卷绕速率为900m/min。
制得的防护品对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和甲型H1N1模拟物的灭活率均大于99%,所述防护品对芥子气模拟物CEES的降解率为100%,所述防护品的透气率为77.4mm/s;
所述防护品在可见光环境下持续使用3天以上后,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和甲型H1N1模拟物的灭活率均大于99%,且对芥子气模拟物CEES的降解率为100%,透气率为76.9mm/s。
实施例3A
一种具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品的制备方法,是按照质量比为1.5:98.5,将所述功能半导体材料UiO-66-AA与聚丙烯颗粒熔融共混,并经熔融纺丝纺制成纤维,再将纤维编织成织物,即具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品;
熔融共混的温度为260℃,熔融纺丝中的卷绕速率为800m/min。
制得的防护品对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和甲型H1N1模拟物的灭活率均大于99%,所述防护品对芥子气模拟物CEES的降解率为100%,所述防护品的透气率为86.3mm/s;
所述防护品在可见光环境下持续使用3天以上后,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和甲型H1N1模拟物的灭活率均大于99%,且对芥子气模拟物CEES的降解率为100%,透气率为83.3mm/s。
实施例1B
一种具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将所述功能半导体材HOF-101超声分散于丙酮中获得均匀稳定的分散液;
分散液中,所述功能半导体材料的质量浓度为20%;
(2)将分散液喷涂于织物(棉布)表面经红外照射后还经轧辊挤压和热对流烘干去除溶剂制成纺织品,具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品;
其中,红外照射时,红外设备功率为250W,光源距离纺织品10cm,照射时间为3min;
轧辊挤压时,轧辊的压力为0.5MPa;
制得的纺织品上,功能半导体材料HOF-101的质量为所述织物质量的0.8%;且该防护品对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和甲型H1N1模拟物的灭活率均大于99%,所述防护品对芥子气模拟物CEES的降解率为100%,所述防护品的透气率为95.7mm/s;
所述防护品在可见光环境下持续使用3天以上后,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和甲型H1N1模拟物的灭活率均大于99%,且对芥子气模拟物CEES的降解率为100%,透气率为93.4mm/s。
实施例2B
一种具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将所述功能半导体材料NU-1000超声分散于水中获得均匀稳定的分散液;
分散液中,所述功能半导体材料的质量浓度为15%;
(2)将分散液喷涂于织物(涤纶布)表面经红外照射后还经轧辊挤压和热对流烘干去除溶剂制成纺织品,具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品;
其中,红外照射时,红外设备功率为250W,光源距离纺织品5cm,照射时间为2min;
轧辊挤压时,轧辊的压力为0.4MPa;
制得的纺织品上,功能半导体材料NU-1000的质量为所述织物质量的0.3%;且该防护品对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和甲型H1N1模拟物的灭活率均大于99%,所述防护品对芥子气模拟物CEES的降解率为100%,所述防护品的透气率为78.7mm/s;
所述防护品在可见光环境下持续使用3天以上后,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和甲型H1N1模拟物的灭活率均大于99%,且对芥子气模拟物CEES的降解率为100%,透气率为76.3mm/s。
实施例3B
一种具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将所述功能半导体材料UiO-66-AA超声分散于乙醇中获得均匀稳定的分散液;
分散液中,所述功能半导体材料的质量浓度为30%;
(2)将分散液喷涂于织物(麻布)表面经红外照射后还经轧辊挤压和热对流烘干去除溶剂制成纺织品,具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品;
其中,红外照射时,红外设备功率为250W,光源距离纺织品20cm,照射时间为5min;
轧辊挤压时,轧辊的压力为0.6MPa;
制得的纺织品上,功能半导体材料UiO-66-AA的质量为所述织物质量的1.2%;且该防护品对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和甲型H1N1模拟物的灭活率均大于99%,所述防护品对芥子气模拟物CEES的降解率为100%,所述防护品的透气率为115.3mm/s;
所述防护品在可见光环境下持续使用3天以上后,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和甲型H1N1模拟物的灭活率均大于99%,且对芥子气模拟物CEES的降解率为100%,透气率为112.9mm/s。
实施例4B
一种具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将所述功能半导体材料PCN-222超声分散于乙醇中获得均匀稳定的分散液;
分散液中,所述功能半导体材料的质量浓度为20%;
(2)将分散液喷涂于织物(融喷布)表面经红外照射后还经轧辊挤压和热对流烘干去除溶剂制成纺织品,具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品;
其中,红外照射时,红外设备功率为250W,光源距离纺织品10cm,照射时间为3min;
轧辊挤压时,轧辊的压力为0.5MPa;
制得的纺织品上,功能半导体材料PCN-22的质量为所述织物质量的0.6%;且该防护品对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和甲型H1N1模拟物的灭活率均大于99%,所述防护品对芥子气模拟物CEES的降解率为100%,所述防护品的透气率为78.4mm/s;
所述防护品在可见光环境下持续使用3天以上后,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和甲型H1N1模拟物的灭活率均大于99%,且对芥子气模拟物CEES的降解率为100%,透气率为76.5mm/s。
实施例1C
一种具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品的制备方法,
将功能半导体材料HOF-102与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮颗粒配置成均匀稳定的静电纺丝原液,并通过静电纺丝工艺制成纳米纤维膜;
其中,静电纺丝原液中,所述功能半导体材料的质量浓度为3%;
静电纺丝工艺中,纺丝环境温度为50℃,相对湿度为25%,采用气流扰动装置使氮气从从上、下、左和右四个方向吹向受电场作用而被牵伸的纤维,且每个方向的氮气流速均为3km/h;所述四个方向均与纺丝针的轴向垂直。
制得的防护品对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和甲型H1N1模拟物的灭活率均大于99%,所述防护品对芥子气模拟物CEES的降解率为100%,所述防护品的透气率为80.8mm/s;
所述防护品在可见光环境下持续使用3天以上后,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和甲型H1N1模拟物的灭活率均大于99%,且对芥子气模拟物CEES的降解率为100%,透气率为79.4mm/s。
实施例2C
一种具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品的制备方法,
将功能半导体材料NU-1000-PCBA与聚乙烯醇缩丁醛颗粒配置成均匀稳定的静电纺丝原液,并通过静电纺丝工艺制成纳米纤维膜;
其中,静电纺丝原液中,所述功能半导体材料的质量浓度为1%;
静电纺丝工艺中,纺丝环境温度为60℃,相对湿度为20%,采用气流扰动装置使氮气从从上、下、左和右四个方向吹向受电场作用而被牵伸的纤维,且每个方向的氮气流速均为5km/h;所述四个方向均与纺丝针的轴向垂直。
制得的防护品对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和甲型H1N1模拟物的灭活率均大于99%,所述防护品对芥子气模拟物CEES的降解率为100%,所述防护品的透气率为78.6mm/s;
所述防护品在可见光环境下持续使用3天以上后,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和甲型H1N1模拟物的灭活率均大于99%,且对芥子气模拟物CEES的降解率为100%,透气率为77.2mm/s。
实施例3C
一种具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品的制备方法,
将功能半导体材料PCN-222与聚丙烯腈颗粒配置成均匀稳定的静电纺丝原液,并通过静电纺丝工艺制成纳米纤维膜;
其中,静电纺丝原液中,所述功能半导体材料的质量浓度为5%;
静电纺丝工艺中,纺丝环境温度为60℃,相对湿度为30%,采用气流扰动装置使氮气从从上、下、左和右四个方向吹向受电场作用而被牵伸的纤维,且每个方向的氮气流速均为1km/h;所述四个方向均与纺丝针的轴向垂直。
制得的防护品对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和甲型H1N1模拟物的灭活率均大于99%,所述防护品对芥子气模拟物CEES的降解率为100%,所述防护品的透气率为81.9mm/s;
所述防护品在可见光环境下持续使用3天以上后,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和甲型H1N1模拟物的灭活率均大于99%,且对芥子气模拟物CEES的降解率为100%,透气率为80.5mm/s。
实施例4C
一种具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品的制备方法,
将功能半导体材料UiO-66-AA与聚乙烯醇颗粒配置成均匀稳定的静电纺丝原液,并通过静电纺丝工艺制成纳米纤维膜;
其中,静电纺丝原液中,所述功能半导体材料的质量浓度为4%;
静电纺丝工艺中,纺丝环境温度为55℃,相对湿度为20%,采用气流扰动装置使氮气从从上、下、左和右四个方向吹向受电场作用而被牵伸的纤维,且每个方向的氮气流速均为3km/h;所述四个方向均与纺丝针的轴向垂直。
制得的防护品对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和甲型H1N1模拟物的灭活率均大于99%,所述防护品对芥子气模拟物CEES的降解率为100%,所述防护品的透气率为83.2mm/s;
所述防护品在可见光环境下持续使用3天以上后,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和甲型H1N1模拟物的灭活率均大于99%,且对芥子气模拟物CEES的降解率为100%,透气率为82.4mm/s。
Claims (9)
1.一种具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品的制备方法,其特征是:将功能半导体材料与聚合物基体进行复合制得的纤维或者纺织品;
所述功能半导体材料为HOF-101、HOF-102、NU-1000、NU-1000-PCBA、UiO-66-AA和PCN-222中的一种;
所述聚合物基体为聚合物颗粒或者织物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品的制备方法,其特征在于,所述复合是指:将所述功能半导体材料与聚合物颗粒熔融共混,并经熔融纺丝纺制成纤维,再将纤维编织成织物,即具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品;
所述功能半导体材料与所述聚合物颗粒的质量比为0.5~1.5:98.5~99.5;
所述聚合物颗粒为熔融纺丝温度低于400℃的聚合物中的一种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品的制备方法,其特征在于,熔融共混的温度比聚合物的熔点高30~70℃,熔融纺丝中的卷绕速率为800~900m/min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品的制备方法,其特征在于,所述复合是指:将所述功能半导体材料超声分散于溶剂中获得均匀稳定的分散液,再将分散液喷涂于织物表面,经红外照射后还经轧辊挤压和热对流烘干去除溶剂制成纺织品,即为具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品;
所述分散液中,所述功能半导体材料的质量浓度为15%~30%,且所述纺织品上,所述功能半导体材料的质量为所述织物质量的0.3%~1.2%;
所述织物为棉布、涤纶布、麻布或者融喷布。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品的制备方法,其特征在于,所述红外照射时,红外设备功率为250W,光源距离纺织品5~20cm,照射时间为2~5min;所述轧辊挤压时,轧辊的压力为0.4~0.6MPa。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品的制备方法,其特征在于,所述复合是指:将所述功能半导体材料与聚合物颗粒配置成静电纺丝原液,并通过静电纺丝工艺制成纳米纤维膜;
所述静电纺丝工艺中,采用气流扰动装置使氮气从上、下、左和右四个方向吹向受电场作用而被牵伸的纤维;
所述静电纺丝原液中,所述功能半导体材料的质量浓度为1%~5%。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品的制备方法,其特征在于,所述聚合物颗粒为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚丙烯腈或者聚乙烯醇。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品的制备方法,其特征在于,所述静电纺丝工艺中,纺丝环境温度为40~60℃,相对湿度为20~30%,每个方向的氮气流速均为1~5km/h;所述四个方向均与纺丝针的轴向垂直。
9.根据权利要求1~8中任一项所述的一种具有芥子气/细菌/病毒防护功能的防护品的制备方法制得的防护品,其特征在于,所述防护品对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和甲型H1N1模拟物的灭活率均大于99%,所述防护品对芥子气模拟物CEES的降解率为100%,所述防护品的透气率≥30mm/s;
所述防护品在可见光环境下持续使用3天以上后,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和甲型H1N1模拟物的灭活率均大于99%,且对芥子气模拟物CEES的降解率为100%,透气率≥30mm/s。
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