CN113697961A - Method for modifying artificial wetland of pond water body - Google Patents
Method for modifying artificial wetland of pond water body Download PDFInfo
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- CN113697961A CN113697961A CN202110947615.5A CN202110947615A CN113697961A CN 113697961 A CN113697961 A CN 113697961A CN 202110947615 A CN202110947615 A CN 202110947615A CN 113697961 A CN113697961 A CN 113697961A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for modifying a pond water body constructed wetland, which comprises the following steps: dividing the water body of the pond into a plurality of artificial wet areas; adding a bottom mud modifier; putting multiple varieties of fry; setting an ecological floating island; the method comprises the following steps of planting in the pond water body by adopting the combination of floating plants, submerged plants and emergent aquatic plants: the floating-leaf plant comprises: water lily and phoenix tail lotus, wherein the water lily plants are 5-20 cm high above the water surface, and the planting density is 1-3 heads/m2The height of the water surface of the water hyacinth planting plants is 20-50 cm, and the planting density is 8-10 plants/m2(ii) a The submerged plants have a planting density of 60-70 plants/m2Tape grass, myriophyllum viridis and hydrilla verticillata; the emergent aquatic plants comprise yellow flag, tatarian representation and canna; and a water passing port is arranged at the bottom of the water baffle between the emergent aquatic plants and the floating-leaf plants. The method has small floor area and strong adaptability to environment, can effectively remove pollutants in water body, and the effluent reaches IV-class water standard of surface waterThe method is accurate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wetland ecological restoration, in particular to a method for improving artificial wetland of pond water body.
Background
The wetland is an ecosystem with the most abundant biodiversity, plays an irreplaceable role in the aspects of preserving species resources, maintaining biodiversity and regional ecological balance, and the artificial wetland is derived from a natural wetland by simulating the mutual configuration of wetland soil, plants and various microorganisms. Wetland pollutant removal mechanisms are complex and generally involve biological, chemical and physical processes such as deposition, adsorption, filtration, plant absorption and microbial assimilation. Compared with a highly mechanized artificial sewage treatment system, the artificial wetland has stronger tolerance and stronger pollutant removal capability to pollutants, and consumes less energy and has lower maintenance cost.
However, most artificial wetlands are influenced by factors such as low-temperature environment, insufficient oxygen content of the wetlands, poor hydraulic performance and the like, the occupied area is large, insects and flies are easy to breed, and the problem of substrate blockage is easy to occur in the subsurface flow type artificial wetlands.
Therefore, in order to solve the problems of large occupied area, poor environmental adaptability, easy blockage of filter materials and the like of the artificial wetland, a method for modifying the artificial wetland of the pond water body is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for transforming a constructed wetland of a pond water body, which has small floor area and strong adaptability to the environment, can effectively remove pollutants in the water body, thereby avoiding blockage, effectively improving the ecological utilization of a waste pond, leading the effluent to reach the IV-class water standard of surface water, and simultaneously improving the landscape ornamental value.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a method for modifying an artificial wetland of a pond water body, which comprises the following steps:
dividing the water body of the pond into a plurality of artificial wet areas; each artificial wet area is managed as follows:
stirring the pond bottom mud and adding a bottom mud modifier;
putting various fish fries into the pond water body;
arranging an ecological floating island in the pond water body;
the method comprises the following steps of planting in the pond water body by adopting the combination of floating plants, submerged plants and emergent aquatic plants:
the floating-leaf plant comprises: water lily and phoenix tail lotus, wherein the water lily plants are 5-20 cm high above the water surface, and the planting density is 1-3 heads/m2The height of the water surface of the water hyacinth planting plants is 20-50 cm, and the planting density is 8-10 plants/m2；
The submerged plants comprise tape grass, green armyworm algae and hydrilla verticillata, wherein the planting density of the tape grass, the green armyworm algae and the hydrilla verticillata is 60-70 strains/m2；
The emergent aquatic plants comprise yellow flag, tatarian representation and canna; wherein the height of the calamus flavus plants is more than or equal to 50cm, and the planting density is 10-20 plants/m2The height of the mullet plants is more than or equal to 60cm, and the planting density is 10-15 plants/m2The height of the canna plants is more than or equal to 80cm, and the planting density is 20-25 plants/m2；
And a water baffle is arranged in each artificial wet area, the water baffle sequentially penetrates through the emergent aquatic plants, the floating leaf plants and the submerged plants, a water passing opening is formed in the bottom of the water baffle between the emergent aquatic plants and the floating leaf plants, the height of the water passing opening exceeds that of the floating leaf plants, and the height of the water baffle between the floating leaf plants and the submerged plants is lower than the water surface.
Further, stirring the pond sediment and adding the sediment modifier, comprising:
depth of water>Adding 0.8-1.5 kg/m of river bed section with the diameter of 1m2A bottom mud modifier;
adding 0.3-0.6 kg/m of riverbed section with water depth less than or equal to 1m2A bottom sediment modifier.
The addition is carried out once every other week and is carried out twice in total.
Further, the bottom sediment modifier comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of an oxygen increasing agent, 15-25 parts of a coagulant A, 20-25 parts of a coagulant B and 5-10 parts of a chelating agent.
Furthermore, the planting depth of emergent aquatic plants is 0.3-0.5 m, the planting depth of floating-leaf plants is 0.5-0.8 m, and the planting depth of submerged plants is 0.8-1.3 m.
Further, the fry includes filter-feeding fishes, herbivorous fishes, omnivorous fishes, carnivorous fishes, and benthonic animals.
Further, the filter feeding fishes comprise chubs and bighead carps, and the feeding proportion of the chubs is as follows: bighead carp 3: 1, feeding 50-100 g/tail of an individual, and feeding the density of 15-25 g/m3；
The herbivorous fishes comprise grass carps and bream, 40-80 g/tail of each individual is put in, and the putting density is 6-10 g/m3；
The omnivorous fishes comprise carps, 50-100 g/tail of each individual is put in the fish, and the putting density is 5-9 g/m3；
The carnivorous fishes, namely the black carps and the snakeheads, are thrown in an individual amount of 40-120 g/tail, and the throwing density is 4-10 g/m3；
The benthonic animals comprise macrobrachium, quadruped periwinkle and freshwater mussels, wherein the macrobrachium is 20-30 g in individual and the feeding density is 4-8 g/m3(ii) a 10-20 g of square ring arris snail bodies and 5-10 g/m of throwing density3(ii) a 30-50 g of freshwater mussel individuals, and the throwing density is 5-10 g/m3。
Further, the ecological floating island comprises:
emerging plants;
biological fillers;
the floating carrier is provided with a planting cavity and a filter material cavity, the planting cavity is internally seeded with the emergent aquatic plants, and the filter material cavity is filled with the ecological filler.
Further, the emergent aquatic plants comprise canna, redroot flowers and yellow iris, and each plant is cross-mixed and planted to form a three-dimensional plant space.
One or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages:
the invention provides a method for modifying a pond water body artificial wetland,
(1) stirring the pond sediment, adding a sediment modifier, activating indigenous microorganisms, and reconstructing an ecological system;
(2) putting various fish fries into the pond water body, increasing food chains in the pond, increasing the length of biological chains, ensuring the diversity of organisms and improving the stability of an ecological system;
(3) arranging an ecological floating island in the pond water body to adsorb more microorganisms and purify sewage; because plant root system area is limited, the biofilm carrier is strung together bottom the emergent aquatic plant chinampa, increases microorganism attachment area, and microorganism total number variety and functional bacteria abundance improve, improve chinampa's purification efficiency, and be difficult to take place to block up, convenient the change.
(4) The combination planting of the floating plants, the submerged plants and the emergent plants is adopted in the pond water body, the combination of the floating plants, the submerged plants and the emergent plants of specific types is adopted, and the planting density of the invention is adopted, so that the floating plants, the submerged plants and the emergent plants can achieve the maximum synergistic effect, the detection indexes of the part of the polluted water source are converted into the standard water quality in 2 months, all indexes basically reach the standard in 5 months, and the purification effect is good and stable.
(5) The bottom of the water baffle between the emergent aquatic plants and the floating-leaf plants is provided with a water passing opening with proper size, and the height of the water passing opening exceeds the floating-leaf plants by a proper distance. A water gap is not arranged between the water baffles between the floating plants and the submerged plants, and the height of the water gap is lower than the water surface. The water flow direction passes through the rhizome of the emergent aquatic plant, fully contacts the leaves of the floating-leaf plant and then contacts the submerged plant. The method is favorable for changing the water flow direction, preventing the aquatic plants from flooding, increasing the contact area of water quality and the roots, the stems and the leaves of the aquatic plants, realizing the comprehensive treatment of emerging plant leafy floating plants and submerged plants in the same area, saving the occupied area and improving the treatment efficiency.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a plant subarea in a method for modifying a constructed wetland of a pond water body, provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an ecological floating island in the method for improving the artificial wetland of the pond water body;
labeled as:
1-a water inlet; 2-emergent aquatic plant a; 3-water baffle; 4-floating leaf plants; 5-submerged plants; 6-ecological floating island; 7-water outlet; 8-emergent aquatic plant B; 9-an ecological floating bed; 10-biological filter material A; 11-biological filter material B.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and examples, and the advantages and various effects of the present invention will be more clearly apparent therefrom. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that these specific embodiments and examples are for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Throughout the specification, unless otherwise specifically noted, terms used herein should be understood as having meanings as commonly used in the art. Accordingly, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. If there is a conflict, the present specification will control.
Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be obtained by an existing method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the general idea of the embodiment of the application is as follows:
according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a palm-shaped ganoderma lucidum bonsai, as shown in fig. 1-2, the method comprising:
dividing the water body of the pond into a plurality of artificial wet areas; each artificial wet area is managed as follows:
s1, stirring the pond sediment and adding a sediment modifier;
the step S1 specifically includes:
the bottom mud modifier comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of an oxygen increasing agent, 15-25 parts of a coagulant A, 20-25 parts of a coagulant B and 5-10 parts of a chelating agent.
The bottom sediment modifier contains an oxygen increasing agent, a coagulant and other chelating agents, so that the high cost caused by directly removing the bottom sediment can be reduced, indigenous microorganisms are activated, and an ecological system is reconstructed.
When the bottom sediment modifier is added, the concrete operation is as follows:
depth of water (>1m) of the river bed section surface, stirring the bottom mud of the pond by adopting a rubber boat with a power system and a paddle hanging machine, and simultaneously adding a special bottom mud modifier, wherein the adding amount is 0.8-1.5 kg/m in depth of water2The feed is added once every other week and is added twice in total;
the operation mode of combining machinery and manpower is adopted on the river bed section with shallow water (less than or equal to 1m), and the staff flushes the river channel sediment by a high-pressure water gun to form a sediment modifying agent with a certain concentration and then adds the sediment modifying agent. The amount of the additive is 0.3-0.6 kg/m when the water is shallow2The feed is added once every other week and is added twice in total.
The bottom sediment modifier has poor improvement effect when the adding amount of the bottom sediment modifier is too small, the pH of the water body is influenced when the adding amount of the bottom sediment modifier is too large, the ideal medicament effect cannot be achieved, and the medicament waste and other adverse effects can be caused;
s2, putting various fish fries into the pond water body;
in the step S2, the fry includes filter-feeding fish, herbivorous fish, omnivorous fish, carnivorous fish and benthonic animals; specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
the filter feeding fishes comprise chubs and bighead carps, and the feeding proportion is that the chubs: bighead carp 3: 1, feeding 50-100 g/tail of an individual, and feeding the density of 15-25 g/m3；
The herbivorous fishes comprise grass carps and bream, 40-80 g/tail of each individual is put in, and the putting density is 6-10 g/m3；
The omnivorous fishes comprise carps, 50-100 g/tail of each individual is put in the fish, and the putting density is 5-9 g/m3；
The carnivorous fishes, namely the black carps and the snakeheads, are thrown in an individual amount of 40-120 g/tail, and the throwing density is 4-10 g/m3；
The benthonic animals comprise macrobrachium, quadruped periwinkle and freshwater mussels, wherein the macrobrachium is 20-30 g in individual and the feeding density is 4-8 g/m3(ii) a 10-20 g of square ring arris snail bodies and 5-10 g/m of throwing density3(ii) a 30-50 g of freshwater mussel individuals, and the throwing density is 5-10 g/m3。
The fish fry is thrown to prolong the food chain of the pond, and the length of the biological chain is increased by throwing filter feeding fishes, herbivorous fishes, omnivorous fishes, carnivorous fishes and benthonic animals of specific types and proportions, so that the diversity of organisms can be ensured, and the stability of an ecological system can be improved. If the adding proportion or adding density is in the range of the embodiment of the invention, the stability of the ecological system is not improved;
step S3, arranging an ecological floating island in the pond water body;
the ecological floating island comprises:
emerging plants; the emergent aquatic plants comprise canna, thalictrum floribundum and irises floribunda, and each plant is crossed and mixed to be planted to form a three-dimensional plant space;
biological fillers; the first biological filler 10 and the second biological filler 11 are selected from one or more of porous rotary spheres, fiber spheres and MBBR biological fillers, and the first biological filler 10 and the second biological filler 11 are mixed, matched and hung in a crossed manner;
the floating carrier is provided with a planting cavity and a filter material cavity, the planting cavity is internally seeded with the emergent aquatic plants, and the filter material cavity is filled with the ecological filler.
Because plant root system area is limited, the biofilm carrier is strung together bottom the emergent aquatic plant chinampa, increases microorganism attachment area, and microorganism total number variety and functional bacteria abundance improve, improve chinampa's purification efficiency, and be difficult to take place to block up, convenient the change.
Step S4, planting the combination of floating plants, submerged plants and emergent plants in the pond water body:
the floating-leaf plant comprises: water lily and phoenix tail lotus, wherein the water lily plants are 5-20 cm high above the water surface, and the planting density is 1-3 heads/m2The height of the water surface of the water hyacinth planting plants is 20-50 cm, and the planting density is 8-10 plants/m2；
The submerged plants comprise tape grass, green armyworm algae and hydrilla verticillata, wherein the planting density of the tape grass, the green armyworm algae and the hydrilla verticillata is 60-70 strains/m2；
The emergent aquatic plants comprise yellow flag, tatarian representation and canna; wherein the height of the calamus flavus plants is more than or equal to 50cm, and the planting density is 10-20 plants/m2The height of the mullet plants is more than or equal to 60cm, and the planting density is 10-15 plants/m2The height of the canna plants is more than or equal to 80cm, and the planting density is 20-25 plants/m2；
Emergent aquatic plants have the functions of absorbing and assimilating and intercepting and filtering pollutants, have longer life cycle than submerged plants and floating-leaf plants, and can improve the number of microorganisms in the whole wetland ecosystem;
the floating-leaf plants can degrade COD and BOD and enrich heavy metals;
the submerged plants have the effect of sensitization inhibition, the growth of phytoplankton is inhibited, the plant division is carried out, the space utilization rate of the artificial wetland is favorably improved, the sewage purification capacity is improved, and the landscape aesthetic feeling is improved.
The inventor of the application discovers through experiments that the floating leaf plants, the submerged plants and the emergent plants of specific types can achieve the maximum synergistic effect by adopting the planting density of the invention, partial detection indexes of the polluted water source are changed into the standard water quality in 2 months, all indexes basically reach the standard in 5 months, and the purification effect is good and stable.
And 5, arranging a water baffle in each artificial wet area, wherein the water baffle sequentially penetrates through the emergent aquatic plants, the floating leaf plants and the submerged plants, a water passing opening is formed in the bottom of the water baffle between the emergent aquatic plants and the floating leaf plants, the height of the water passing opening exceeds that of the floating leaf plants, and the height of the water baffle between the floating leaf plants and the submerged plants is lower than the water surface.
Set up like this and can effectual control rivers direction, prevent to lead to the plant to flood not well clearance along with the growth of plant is bred, and sewage passes from emerging plant root.
In conclusion, the invention can effectively solve the problem that the existing artificial wetland occupies a large area, effectively improve the ecological utilization of the waste pond, ensure that the effluent reaches the IV-class water standard of surface water, and simultaneously improve the landscape ornamental value.
The method for modifying the artificial wetland of the pond water body is described in detail below by combining the examples, comparative examples and experimental data.
Example 1
A waste pond of 500m area2When the water depth is 1.2m, the water quality is reduced due to unsmooth flow of the pond water, lack of dissolved oxygen and residual animal and plant residues, and the water quality is in a poor V-class water quality state, so that the water service function is reduced. NH (NH)3The N concentration is 8.53mg/L, the TP concentration is 2.19mg/L, the DO concentration is 0.2mg/L, and the COD concentration is 123mg/L, so that the water quality of the pond is improved by adopting the constructed wetland reconstruction technology of the water body of the pond.
Stirring pond sediment on the river bed section by using a rubber boat with a power system and a paddle hanging machine, and simultaneously adding a special sediment modifier with the adding amount of 1.0kg/m2. The addition is carried out once every other week. The addition is carried out twice.
Planting emergent aquatic plants 2, acorus calamus, saxifrage and canna in an area with the depth of less than 0.5m close to the bank, wherein the height of the acorus calamus plants is 55cm, and the planting density is 15 plants/m2The height of the saxifrage plants is 70cm, and the planting density is 12 plants/m2The canna plants are 90cm high and 20 plants/m dense2The root system is developed, the sewage interception capability of the water inlet is ensured, and the load of nutrient elements flowing into the pond can be effectively reduced; set up breakwater 3 between emergent aquatic plant and floating leaf plant, the breakwater bottom sets up the mouth of a river of crossing of appropriate size, highly surpasss the appropriate distance of floating leaf plant, can effectual control water flow direction, prevent to lead to the plant to flood not well clearance along with the growth and the reproduction of plant, floating leaf plant 4 is planted in the region of depth of water 0.5 ~ 0.8m, select water lily and water hyacinth that have the landscape nature, water lily plants 10cm on the high surface of water of plant, planting density is 2/m2The height of the water surface of the water hyacinth planting plant is 20cm, and the planting density is 8 plants/m2The landscape beauty is improved, and the self-purification capacity of the water body can be improved; planting submerged plants 5 in an area with the water depth of more than 0.8m, selecting tape grass, hydrilla verticillata and watercress, and planting density of 60-70 plants/m2The submerged plant has the sensitization inhibition effect, can inhibit the growth of phytoplankton, has good removal effect on ammonia nitrogen in water, and can effectively remove suspended substances in water.
Composite ecological chinampa of plant filter material adopts emergent aquatic plant 8 that is fit for the water planting, selects canna and power flower again, and the first biofilm carrier 10 and the second biofilm carrier 11 of light in weight, large specific surface area, high porosity are strung at emergent aquatic plant chinampa bottom, and preferably, porous rotatory sphere and fibre ball are used for the biofilm formation, can adsorb more microorganism, purification sewage.
Putting a plurality of fish fries in the pond, mainly adding filter-feeding fishes, namely chubs and bighead carps, and auxiliary animals, namely herbivorous fishes, omnivorous fishes, carnivorous fishes and benthic fishes, and adding 50kg of aquatic animals in total; can inhibit the growth of spirogyra which is a competitor of the submerged plant, is beneficial to the growth and recovery of the submerged plant, and has important effect on maintaining the stability of a water ecological system.
The decaying and decaying plant residues are trimmed in time to avoid the increase of the organic matter content in the water due to the decay of the plants. The overground part of the harvested aquatic plant can effectively remove nutrient elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus absorbed by the plant.
The treatment effect is as follows: by using the technical method, five months of treatment are carried out, the purification of the pond water body is realized through the interception of plants and the adsorption and decomposition of microorganisms, the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen, COD and TP are respectively 92%, 83% and 90%, and the dissolved oxygen reaches the III-class water standard, thereby achieving a good expected effect.
Example 2
A shallow water pond with the area of 800m at a certain place of Dongguan2The water depth is 1.0m, the water quality of the pond is seriously eutrophicated in summer, and the self-purification capacity of the water body is reduced. Feed water NH3The concentration of N is 5.13mg/L, the concentration of TP is 1.89mg/L, the concentration of DO is 0.4mg/L, the concentration of COD is 87mg/L, and in order to purify the water quality of the pond and beautify the environment of the pond, the artificial wetland reconstruction technology of the water body of the pond is adopted.
Adding a bottom sediment modifier into the pond, adopting an operation mode of combining machinery and manpower, flushing river channel sediments by a high-pressure water gun, and then mixing and adding the bottom sediment modifier. The dosage is 1.2kg/m2. The addition is carried out once every other week. The addition is carried out twice.
Planting emergent aquatic plants 2 in the region with the depth of less than 0.5m near the bank, selecting yellow flag, mullet and canna with landscape property, wherein the height of the yellow flag is 50cm, and the planting density is 15 plants/m2The height of the saxifrage plants is 70cm, and the planting density is 12 plants/m2The height of canna plants is 95cm, and the planting density is 25 plants/m2(ii) a A water baffle 3 is arranged between the emergent aquatic plants and the floating-leaf plants, the bottom of the water baffle is provided with a water outlet with proper size, and the height of the water outlet exceeds the proper distance of the floating-leaf plants; planting a floating-leaf plant 4 in an area with the water depth of 0.5-0.8 m, selecting water lily and phoenix tailstocks, wherein the height of the water lily planted plants is 10cm above the water surface, and the planting density is 3 heads/m2The height of the water surface of the water hyacinth planting plant is 30cm, and the planting density is 10 plants/m2(ii) a Planting submerged plants 5 in an area with the water depth of more than 0.8m, selecting tape grass, hydrilla verticillata and watercress, and planting density of 60-70 plants/m2。
A plant filter material composite ecological floating island is characterized in that emergent aquatic plants 8 suitable for water culture, canna and thalictrum ramosissimum are adopted, two kinds of aquatic plants are alternately mixed and planted, a first biological filler 10 and a second biological filler 11 which are light in weight, large in specific surface area and high in porosity are strung at the bottom of the emergent aquatic plant floating island, and an MBBR biological filler and a fiber ball are selected for film formation.
Putting a plurality of fish fries in the pond, mainly adding filter-feeding fishes, namely chubs and bighead carps, and auxiliary animals, namely herbivorous fishes, omnivorous fishes, carnivorous fishes and benthic fishes, and adding 82kg of aquatic animals in total; and regularly trimming decayed and rotten plant residues and catching aquatic animals.
The treatment effect is as follows: by using the technical method, five months of treatment are carried out, the purification of the pond water body is realized through the interception of plants and the adsorption and decomposition of microorganisms, the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen, COD and TP are respectively 90%, 85% and 87%, the dissolved oxygen reaches the III-class water standard, and a good expected effect is achieved.
By contrast, the expected good effect is achieved through the combined action of the aquatic plants, the animals and the microorganisms.
Comparative example 1
In the comparative example, the method for modifying the artificial wetland of the pond water body is provided, and the steps are the same as those in the example 1 except that the water baffle and the water passing port are not arranged.
Comparative example 2
In the comparative example, the method for modifying the artificial wetland of the pond water body is provided, the water lily is only arranged on the floating-leaf plants, and other steps are the same as those in the example 1.
Comparative example 3
In the comparative example, the method for modifying the artificial wetland of the pond water body is provided, the floating-leaf plants are only provided with the pteris multifida, and other steps are the same as those in the example 1.
Comparative example 4
In the comparative example, the method for modifying the artificial wetland of the pond water body is provided, the planting density is different from that of the embodiment 1 (specifically shown in table 1), and other steps are the same as those of the embodiment 1.
Experimental example 1
For ease of comparison, the process lists for each example and each comparative example are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
The effects of the examples and comparative examples were measured and evaluated as shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
From the data in table 2, it can be seen that:
in the comparative example 1, a water baffle and a water passing port are not arranged, so that the defects of excessive growth of plants, flooding and disaster formation and inconvenience in operation and maintenance exist;
in the comparative example 2, the floating-leaf plants are only provided with the water lily, so that the defects of single plant type, small application range, capability of absorbing specific substances, lack of competition and insufficient adaptability exist;
in the comparative example 3, the floating-leaf plants are only provided with the pteris multifida, so that the defects of single plant type, small application range, capability of absorbing specific substances, lack of competition and insufficient adaptability exist;
in the comparative example 4, the planting proportion of the floating plants, the submerged plants and the emergent plants is out of the range of the embodiment of the invention, and the defects of poor plant vigor, weak aquatic plant synergistic effect and poor water quality purification effect exist;
in the embodiment 1-embodiment 3, five months of treatment are carried out, the purification of pond water is realized through plant interception and microorganism adsorption decomposition, the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen, COD and TP are respectively 90-92%, 83-89% and 87-91%, and the dissolved oxygen reaches the III-class water standard, so that a good expected effect is achieved.
In summary, the present invention has at least the following technical effects:
(1) through the combination of the floating plants, the submerged plants and the emergent plants of specific types and the planting density of the invention, the floating plants, the submerged plants and the emergent plants can achieve the maximum synergistic effect, the detection indexes of the part of the polluted water source are changed into the standard water quality in 2 months, all the indexes reach the standard basically in 5 months, and the purification effect is good and stable;
(2) the bottom of the water baffle 3 between the emergent aquatic plants and the floating-leaf plants is provided with a water passing opening with proper size, and the height of the water passing opening exceeds the floating-leaf plants by a proper distance. A water gap is not arranged between the water baffles between the floating plants and the submerged plants, and the height of the water gap is lower than the water surface. The water flow direction passes through the rhizome of the emergent aquatic plant, fully contacts the leaves of the floating-leaf plant and then contacts the submerged plant. The method is favorable for changing the water flow direction, preventing the aquatic plants from flooding, increasing the contact area of water quality and the roots, the stems and the leaves of the aquatic plants, realizing the comprehensive treatment of emerging plant leafy floating plants and submerged plants in the same area, saving the occupied area and improving the treatment efficiency.
Finally, it should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the equivalent technology of the claims of the present invention, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (8)
1. The method for improving the artificial wetland of the pond water body is characterized by comprising the following steps:
dividing the water body of the pond into a plurality of artificial wet areas; each artificial wet area is managed as follows:
stirring the pond bottom mud and adding a bottom mud modifier;
putting various fish fries into the pond water body;
arranging an ecological floating island in the pond water body;
the method comprises the following steps of planting in the pond water body by adopting the combination of floating plants, submerged plants and emergent aquatic plants:
the floating-leaf plant comprises: water lily and phoenix tail lotus, wherein the water lily plants are 5-20 cm high above the water surface, and the planting density is 1-3 heads/m2The height of the water surface of the water hyacinth planting plants is 20-50 cm, and the planting density is 8-10 plants/m2；
The submerged plants comprise tape grass, green armyworm algae and hydrilla verticillata, wherein the planting density of the tape grass, the green armyworm algae and the hydrilla verticillata is 60-70 strains/m2；
The emergent aquatic plants comprise yellow flag, tatarian representation and canna; wherein the height of the calamus flavus plants is more than or equal to 50cm, and the planting density is 10-20 plants/m2The height of the mullet plants is more than or equal to 60cm, and the planting density is 10-15 plants/m2The height of the canna plants is more than or equal to 80cm, and the planting density is 20-25 plants/m2；
And a water baffle is arranged in each artificial wet area, the water baffle sequentially penetrates through the emergent aquatic plants, the floating leaf plants and the submerged plants, a water passing opening is formed in the bottom of the water baffle between the emergent aquatic plants and the floating leaf plants, the height of the water passing opening exceeds that of the floating leaf plants, and the height of the water baffle between the floating leaf plants and the submerged plants is lower than the water surface.
2. The method for improving the artificial wetland of the pond water body according to claim 1, wherein the stirring of the pond sediment and the addition of the sediment modifier comprises the following steps:
depth of water>Adding 0.8-1.5 kg/m of river bed section with the diameter of 1m2A bottom mud modifier;
adding 0.3-0.6 kg/m of riverbed section with water depth less than or equal to 1m2A bottom sediment modifier.
The addition is carried out once every other week and is carried out twice in total.
3. The method for improving the artificial wetland of the pond water body according to claim 2, wherein the bottom sediment modifier comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of an oxygen increasing agent, 15-25 parts of a coagulant A, 20-25 parts of a coagulant B and 5-10 parts of a chelating agent.
4. The method for improving the artificial wetland of the pond water body according to claim 1, wherein the planting depth of emergent aquatic plants is 0.3-0.5 m, the planting depth of floating-leaf plants is 0.5-0.8 m, and the planting depth of submerged plants is 0.8-1.3 m.
5. The method for reconstructing the artificial wetland in a body of water in a pond of claim 1, wherein the fry comprises filter-feeding fishes, herbivorous fishes, omnivorous fishes, carnivorous fishes and benthonic animals.
6. The method for reconstructing the artificial wetland in a body of water in a pond according to claim 5,
the filter feeding fishes comprise chubs and bighead carps, and the feeding proportion is that the chubs: bighead carp 3: 1, feeding 50-100 g/tail of an individual, and feeding the density of 15-25 g/m3；
The herbivorous fishes comprise grass carps and bream, 40-80 g/tail of each individual is put in, and the putting density is 6-10 g/m3；
The omnivorous fishes comprise carps, 50-100 g/tail of each individual is put in the fish, and the putting density is 5-9 g/m3；
The carnivorous fishes, namely the black carps and the snakeheads, are thrown in an individual amount of 40-120 g/tail, and the throwing density is 4-10 g/m3；
The benthonic animals comprise macrobrachium, quadruped periwinkle and freshwater mussels, wherein the macrobrachium is 20-30 g in individual and the feeding density is 4-8 g/m3(ii) a 10-20 g of square ring arris snail bodies and 5-10 g/m of throwing density3(ii) a 30-50 g of freshwater mussel individuals, and the throwing density is 5-10 g/m3。
7. The method for reconstructing the constructed wetland in the body of pond water as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ecological floating island comprises:
emerging plants;
biological fillers;
the floating carrier is provided with a planting cavity and a filter material cavity, the planting cavity is internally seeded with the emergent aquatic plants, and the filter material cavity is filled with the ecological filler.
8. The palm-shaped ganoderma lucidum bonsai of claim 7, wherein said emergent aquatic plants comprise canna, reshizus, and irish fleur, each of which are cross-mixed to form a three-dimensional plant space.
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| CN117945558A (en) * | 2024-02-05 | 2024-04-30 | 上海园林绿化建设有限公司 | Application of aquatic plants in water purification and method thereof |
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