CN113696292A - 一种环保无毒型的木材防腐剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种环保无毒型的木材防腐剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种环保无毒型的木材防腐剂的制备方法,将淀粉加入到去离子水中搅拌分散均匀,然后加入三乙胺三氟化氢和六氟磷酸铵,在室温下超声搅拌10~20min,在搅拌过程中加入淀粉酶,然后静置3~6h进行乳化,备用;将收集来的蛇床子进行粉碎,干燥后过150~200目网晒,然后将其置于浓度为75~85%的乙醇溶液中,磁力搅拌1.5~3h,置于超声循环提取机中,超声处理40~60min,过滤,收集滤液和固体物,然后用滤液对固体进行醇提6~9h,旋蒸除去溶剂,将提取固体置于真空干燥箱中80~85℃下干燥得到提取物;将改性乳化后的淀粉和提取物加入到醇类溶剂中,35~40℃下搅拌45~60min,然后加热搅拌过程中加入碱式碳酸铜和碱式碳酸锌,温度升至50~60℃继续搅拌2~4h得到防腐剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于防腐剂技术领域,具体涉及一种环保无毒型的木材防腐剂的制备方法。
背景技术
木材是四大材料中唯一可再生的结构材料,具有无毒、无污染、美观、易加工等特点,是深受人们喜爱的绿色天然产物。但是木材的主要成分为木素、纤维素和半纤维素,在温度、水分、湿度、酸碱度适宜的情况下,容易受到虫、菌侵蚀而腐朽,导致木材的使用寿命缩短。据统计,防腐处理后的木材的使用寿命可以延长5~6倍。因此,对木材进行防腐处理,是延长木材使用寿命、提高木材利用水平、节约木材资源的重要途径和手段。
木材防腐剂是一种化学药剂,在采用某种办法将它注入木材后,可以增强木材抵抗菌腐、虫害、海生钻孔动物侵蚀等的作用。有以下几种:水载型(水溶性)防腐剂:就是能溶于水,以水为载体的木材防腐剂。如CCA、ACQ、CA-B、CB-A、ACZA、ACC、CC等。有机溶剂(油载型、油溶型)防腐剂:一种含有杀虫剂、杀菌剂或者二者的复合物,并溶解于有机溶剂中的木材防腐剂,如五氯酚、百菌清、环烷酸铜等、8-羟基喹啉酸铜;油类防腐剂:防腐油、煤焦油、蒽油。
当今世界通用的木材防腐剂主要是铜、铬、砷(CCA),铜胺(氨)季铵盐(ACQ)和铜唑(CA)等,由于CCA中的砷、铬是有毒物质,易对人体造成损害,尤其是室内使用时,对人体的危害更大。现有技术中,已开始由ACQ、CA等高效低毒环保防腐剂来替代CCA,现有技术中的木材防护剂都是杀菌防护成分加氨或胺类溶剂配制而成,杀菌成分和溶剂(胺、氨)配制而成,为达到溶解铜化物并达到杀菌防护效果,氨或胺类溶剂是必不可少,这样不仅要消耗大量的溶剂,而且因为胺或氨类溶剂容易挥发而对环境造成污染。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的木材防护剂都是杀菌防护成分加氨或胺类溶剂配制而成,杀菌成分和溶剂(胺、氨)配制而成,为达到溶解铜化物并达到杀菌防护效果,氨或胺类溶剂是必不可少,这样不仅要消耗大量的溶剂,而且因为胺或氨类溶剂容易挥发而对环境造成污染的问题,本发明的目的是提供一种环保无毒型的木材防腐剂的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将淀粉加入到去离子水中搅拌分散均匀,然后加入三乙胺三氟化氢和六氟磷酸铵,在室温下超声搅拌10~20min,在搅拌过程中加入淀粉酶,然后静置3~6h进行乳化,备用;其中淀粉、三乙胺三氟化氢和六氟磷酸铵的质量比为(2~4):(0.42~0.65):(0.13~0.21)。
步骤二:将收集来的蛇床子进行粉碎,干燥后过150~200目网晒,然后将其置于浓度为75~85%的乙醇溶液中,磁力搅拌1.5~3h,置于超声循环提取机中,超声处理40~60min,过滤,收集滤液和固体物,然后用滤液对固体进行醇提6~9h,旋蒸除去溶剂,将提取固体置于真空干燥箱中80~85℃下干燥得到提取物。
步骤三:将改性乳化后的淀粉改性乳化后的淀粉和步骤二中的提取物加入到醇类溶剂中,35~40℃下搅拌45~60min,然后加热搅拌过程中加入碱式碳酸铜和碱式碳酸锌,温度升至50~60℃继续搅拌2~4h得到防腐剂。
作为优选方案,上述所述的淀粉为绿豆淀粉、木薯淀粉、甘薯淀粉、红薯淀粉、马铃薯淀粉或玉米淀粉中的任意一种。
作为优选方案,上述所述的醇类溶剂为1,3-丙二醇、1,2-乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、异戊醇或正戊醇中的任意一种。
作为优选方案,上述所述的步骤一中改性乳化后的淀粉、步骤二中的提取物、碱式碳酸铜和碱式碳酸锌的质量比为(3~4):(1.8~2.7):(0.55~0.75):(0.52~0.64)。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明中,采用蛇床子提取物作为防腐剂原料之一,在通过和改性乳化后的淀粉复合,改性乳化后的淀粉在处理木材后会形成一层保护膜,而且通过三乙胺三氟化氢和六氟磷酸铵改性后淀粉也具有防腐抗菌功能,天然抗菌物质蛇床子提取物和金属盐抗菌防腐物质碱式碳酸铜和碱式碳酸锌相互协同抗菌防腐,改性格化淀粉形成的保护膜防止外部真菌物质接触木材,同时还能够保护防腐剂中的抗菌防腐物质流失,进而起到更好的防腐抗菌效果。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例作具体详细的说明,本实施例在本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
一种环保无毒型的木材防腐剂的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将淀粉加入到去离子水中搅拌分散均匀,然后加入三乙胺三氟化氢和六氟磷酸铵,在室温下超声搅拌10min,在搅拌过程中加入淀粉酶,然后静置3h进行乳化,备用;其中淀粉、三乙胺三氟化氢和六氟磷酸铵的质量比为2:0.42:0.13。
步骤二:将收集来的蛇床子进行粉碎,干燥后过150目网晒,然后将其置于浓度为75%的乙醇溶液中,磁力搅拌1.5h,置于超声循环提取机中,超声处理40min,过滤,收集滤液和固体物,然后用滤液对固体进行醇提6h,旋蒸除去溶剂,将提取固体置于真空干燥箱中80℃下干燥得到提取物。
步骤三:将改性乳化后的淀粉改性乳化后的淀粉和步骤二中的提取物加入到1,3-丙二醇溶剂中,35℃下搅拌45min,然后加热搅拌过程中加入碱式碳酸铜和碱式碳酸锌,温度升至50℃继续搅拌2h得到防腐剂;其中步骤一中改性乳化后的淀粉、步骤二中的提取物、碱式碳酸铜和碱式碳酸锌的质量比为3:1.8:0.55:0.52。
实施例2
一种环保无毒型的木材防腐剂的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将淀粉加入到去离子水中搅拌分散均匀,然后加入三乙胺三氟化氢和六氟磷酸铵,在室温下超声搅拌20min,在搅拌过程中加入淀粉酶,然后静置6h进行乳化,备用;其中淀粉、三乙胺三氟化氢和六氟磷酸铵的质量比为4:0.65:0.21。
步骤二:将收集来的蛇床子进行粉碎,干燥后过200目网晒,然后将其置于浓度为85%的乙醇溶液中,磁力搅拌3h,置于超声循环提取机中,超声处理60min,过滤,收集滤液和固体物,然后用滤液对固体进行醇提9h,旋蒸除去溶剂,将提取固体置于真空干燥箱中85℃下干燥得到提取物。
步骤三:将改性乳化后的淀粉改性乳化后的淀粉和步骤二中的提取物加入到1,2-乙二醇溶剂中,40℃下搅拌60min,然后加热搅拌过程中加入碱式碳酸铜和碱式碳酸锌,温度升至60℃继续搅拌4h得到防腐剂;其中步骤一中改性乳化后的淀粉、步骤二中的提取物、碱式碳酸铜和碱式碳酸锌的质量比为4:2.7:0.75:0.64。
实施例3
一种环保无毒型的木材防腐剂的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将淀粉加入到去离子水中搅拌分散均匀,然后加入三乙胺三氟化氢和六氟磷酸铵,在室温下超声搅拌15min,在搅拌过程中加入淀粉酶,然后静置5h进行乳化,备用;其中淀粉、三乙胺三氟化氢和六氟磷酸铵的质量比为3:0.58:0.19。
步骤二:将收集来的蛇床子进行粉碎,干燥后过180目网晒,然后将其置于浓度为80%的乙醇溶液中,磁力搅拌2h,置于超声循环提取机中,超声处理50min,过滤,收集滤液和固体物,然后用滤液对固体进行醇提8h,旋蒸除去溶剂,将提取固体置于真空干燥箱中82℃下干燥得到提取物。
步骤三:将改性乳化后的淀粉改性乳化后的淀粉和步骤二中的提取物加入到1,4-丁二醇溶剂中,38℃下搅拌50min,然后加热搅拌过程中加入碱式碳酸铜和碱式碳酸锌,温度升至55℃继续搅拌3h得到防腐剂;其中步骤一中改性乳化后的淀粉、步骤二中的提取物、碱式碳酸铜和碱式碳酸锌的质量比为3.6:2.4:0.66:0.59。
对比例1
根据中国专利文献CN111844309A中实施例二所描述的方法进行制备。
实验例
性能测试实验—防霉性能测试:根据标准GB/T 18261-2013标准,评价实施例1~3和对比例1中的防腐剂对木材防霉性能,测试对照彼标准为:
等级0—试样表面无菌丝、霉点,外内部颜色均正常;
等级1—试样表面感染面积<1/4,内部颜色正常;
等级2—试样表面感染面积1/4~1/2,内部颜色正常;
等级3—试样表面感染面积1/2~3/4,或内部变色面积<1/10;
等级4—试样表面感染面积>3/4,或内部变色面积>1/10;其结果如表1所示,
表1.防霉测试结果:
从表1中可以看出,本发明中实施例1~3制备的防腐剂和对比例1中制备的防腐剂相比较,实施例1~3制备防腐剂处理后的试样表面感染面积分别为1/22,1/17,1/20,其测试等级均为1级;而对比例1中防腐及剂处理过的试样表面感染面积为9/20,测试等级为2级,说明本发明防腐剂具有较优异的防霉效果。
性能测试2—抗菌性能测试:根据标准GB/T 13942.1-2009要求选取试样木材和制备,并且使用实施例1~3和对比例1中的防腐剂进行处理测试其抗菌性能,其测试结果如表2所示,
表2.抗菌测试结果:
从表2中可以看出,本发明实施例1~3制备的防腐剂相比较对比例1中的防腐剂具有较优异的抗菌效果,即使100天后对白腐菌、褐腐菌和绿色木菌的抗菌效力均在92%左右。
Claims (4)
1.一种环保无毒型的木材防腐剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将淀粉加入到去离子水中搅拌分散均匀,然后加入三乙胺三氟化氢和六氟磷酸铵,在室温下超声搅拌10~20min,在搅拌过程中加入淀粉酶,然后静置3~6h进行乳化,备用;其中淀粉、三乙胺三氟化氢和六氟磷酸铵的质量比为(2~4):(0.42~0.65):(0.13~0.21);
步骤二:将收集来的蛇床子进行粉碎,干燥后过150~200目网晒,然后将其置于浓度为75~85%的乙醇溶液中,磁力搅拌1.5~3h,置于超声循环提取机中,超声处理40~60min,过滤,收集滤液和固体物,然后用滤液对固体进行醇提6~9h,旋蒸除去溶剂,将提取固体置于真空干燥箱中80~85℃下干燥得到提取物;
步骤三:将步骤一中改性乳化后的淀粉和步骤二中的提取物加入到醇类溶剂中,35~40℃下搅拌45~60min,然后加热搅拌过程中加入碱式碳酸铜和碱式碳酸锌,温度升至50~60℃继续搅拌2~4h得到防腐剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保无毒型的木材防腐剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的淀粉为绿豆淀粉、木薯淀粉、甘薯淀粉、红薯淀粉、马铃薯淀粉或玉米淀粉中的任意一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保无毒型的木材防腐剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的醇类溶剂为1,3-丙二醇、1,2-乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、异戊醇或正戊醇中的任意一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保无毒型的木材防腐剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤一中改性乳化后的淀粉、步骤二中的提取物、碱式碳酸铜和碱式碳酸锌的质量比为(3~4):(1.8~2.7):(0.55~0.75):(0.52~0.64)。
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