CN113691239B - Magnetic switch pulse generator for electric pulse rock breaking - Google Patents
Magnetic switch pulse generator for electric pulse rock breaking Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
- H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
- H03K3/53—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/14—Drilling by use of heat, e.g. flame drilling
- E21B7/15—Drilling by use of heat, e.g. flame drilling of electrically generated heat
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
- H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
- H03K3/53—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback
- H03K3/57—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback the switching device being a semiconductor device
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
- H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
- H03K3/59—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall effect devices
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Abstract
The invention discloses a magnetic switch pulse generator for breaking rock by electric pulse, which comprises a power supply, a rectifying and filtering module, an energy storage module, a switch module, a transformer, a pre-breakdown module, a magnetic switch module and a load, wherein the power supply is connected with the rectifying and filtering module; the power supply charges the whole pulse generator, and the rectifying and filtering module rectifies and filters the voltage waveform input by the power supply; the switch module adjusts the discharge frequency of the pulse generator; the voltage is boosted by a transformer, and the pre-breakdown module continues to boost and the rising edge steepens the instantaneous high-pulse voltage breakdown load channel; the energy storage module stores energy, and the magnetic switch module controls the energy storage module to inject instant pulse energy into the load after the pre-breakdown module breaks down the load; the magnetic switch module has the function of isolating high voltage and high current at two ends of the load. The invention has the advantages of flexible selection and design according to load types, strong portability, high rock breaking energy consumption efficiency and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of high-energy electric pulse rock breaking tools and energy sources, and particularly relates to a magnetic switch pulse generator for electric pulse rock breaking.
Background
Rock breaking is a problem that needs to be solved in engineering of building, road, bridge, energy (such as coal, petroleum, natural gas and the like) exploration and development and the like. Currently, the most commonly used rock breaking method is the traditional mechanical rock breaking method, but the traditional mechanical rock breaking method has high cost and has a certain influence on the environment, so that the improvement of the rock breaking efficiency is urgently needed. With the advancement of social science and technology, new rock breaking methods, such as high-pressure water jet rock breaking, heat energy rock breaking, firedrill, electron beam rock breaking, laser rock breaking, hot melt drilling, thermal mechanical energy rock breaking (heat engine rock breaking), electric pulse rock breaking technology, laser rock breaking technology and the like, are developed. Compared with other rock breaking technologies, the electric pulse rock breaking technology is widely accepted by the scientific community because of the advantages of environmental protection and easy control of the rock breaking process, but the research thereof still stays in the application exploration stage at home.
The electric pulse rock breaking technology is derived from the lightning principle; the pulse discharge channel is divided into electric rock breaking and hydraulic rock breaking according to the medium in which the pulse discharge channel is positioned. The difference between the electric rock breaking and the liquid rock breaking is the difference of the rising time of the pulse voltage; when the pulse voltage rise time is less than 500ns, a discharge channel is generated inside the rock, and instant collection (about 10-100J/cm 3 ) Will generate high temperature (up to 10 4 DEG C magnitude) and high pressure (up to 1000-10000 MPa magnitude), the final channel generates stress wave under the action of high temperature and high pressure, when the stress wave has effect on the rock exceeding the self strength of the rock, the rock is destroyed, and the rock breaking mode is electric rock breaking. When the rise time of the pulse voltage is more than 500ns, the liquid electric rock breaking can occur, at the moment, the discharge plasma generates a part of instantaneous stress wave in the liquid medium, meanwhile, the collapse of bubbles generated by the liquid medium can generate another part of stress wave, and when the two parts of stress wave exceed the self strength of the rock, the rock is broken. Two rock breaking modes have some common characteristics: firstly, a discharge channel is required to be opened in a medium; (2) After the channel is generated, the electric energy (charge) in the circuit is instantaneously injected into the medium; (3) The rock breaking efficiency and the energy injected into the channel are positively correlated.
In order to accelerate the application and development of the high-voltage pulse rock breaking technology, an electric pulse generating device needs to be designed by combining a specific electric pulse rock breaking process. However, at present, a method for increasing the energy consumption efficiency of the electric pulse generation device is proposed according to a specific electric pulse rock breaking mechanism, so that the designed electric pulse rock breaking device has relatively low efficiency. Therefore, the design of the corresponding electric pulse generating device in combination with the specific process of electric pulse rock breaking is important for the industrial application and popularization of the electric pulse rock breaking technology.
In view of this, the present patent is filed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a magnetic switch pulse generator for breaking rock by electric pulse, which firstly opens up a discharge channel in a load (rock or liquid insulating medium) by instantaneous high-voltage electric pulse, then injects a part of stored energy into the opened discharge channel by adjusting a switch, and finally realizes efficient breaking of the rock.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a magnetic switch pulse generator for electrical pulse rock breaking, comprising:
a power supply for providing a charging voltage as an energy source of the pulse generator;
the rectification filter module is connected to the output end of the power supply and used for rectifying and filtering the charging voltage output by the power supply;
the switch module is connected with the output end of the rectifying and filtering module and used for controlling the discharge frequency of the pulse generator;
the energy storage module is connected with the output end of the rectifying and filtering module, and the energy storage module is charged by the charging voltage rectified and filtered by the rectifying and filtering module, so that the energy storage module stores energy;
the primary winding of the transformer is connected to the output end of the switch module and is connected with the energy storage module in parallel and is used for primarily boosting voltage;
The pre-breakdown module is connected in parallel with the secondary winding of the transformer and is used for continuously boosting and steepening the voltage of the transformer after preliminary boosting;
the load is connected in parallel with the output end of the pre-breakdown module, and the pre-breakdown module provides instantaneous high pulse voltage for breaking down the load and forms a channel in the load;
the magnetic switch module is connected with the output end of the switch module and the load and used for controlling the energy storage module to discharge to the load; the magnetic switch module is opened before the pre-breakdown module breaks down the load, and the magnetic switch module is closed before and after the pre-breakdown module breaks down the load; and the energy storage module discharges to the load through the switch module and the magnetic switch module after the magnetic switch module is closed, so that rock breaking is realized.
Further, the switch module comprises a switch and a trigger circuit connected with the switch, and the trigger circuit controls the on-off of the switch through the quantity and time interval of receiving the trigger signals, so as to control the discharge frequency of the electric pulse generator.
Further, the load is a liquid medium or rock; when the load is a liquid medium, the pulse steepening effect of the pre-breakdown module can be weakened relatively, so that a larger pulse voltage peak value is ensured; when the load is liquid rock, the pre-breakdown module has a strong pulse steepening effect, and a large pulse voltage peak value is ensured.
Further, the magnetic switch module comprises a magnetic switch and a reset circuit connected with the magnetic switch, and the reset circuit controls the magnetic switch to be disconnected after the energy storage module discharges the load.
Further, the rectifying and filtering module and the switch are realized by an insulated gate bipolar transistor driving plate.
Further, the energy storage module is realized by adopting two capacitor groups, wherein one capacitor group is connected to two ends of the power supply; the other capacitor bank is connected between the output of the switch and the primary winding of the transformer.
Further, the transformer is a pulse transformer.
Further, the pre-breakdown module can be realized by an LC circuit and an LC pulse compression circuit, and the inductance in the LC pulse compression circuit adopts a saturable inductance.
Further, the transformer and the pre-breakdown module can be realized by a transformer circuit or a magnetic switch circuit;
the transformer circuit comprises a first adjustable transformer and a second adjustable transformer, wherein a primary winding of the first adjustable transformer is connected with the switch module, a secondary winding of the first adjustable transformer is connected with a primary winding of the second adjustable transformer through a capacitor, and a secondary winding of the second adjustable transformer is connected with a load through a capacitor;
The magnetic switch circuit comprises a third adjustable transformer, a first magnetic switch, a second magnetic switch and a third magnetic switch, wherein a primary winding of the third adjustable transformer is connected with the switch module, a secondary winding of the third adjustable transformer is connected with a first capacitor and a second capacitor in parallel, the second capacitor is connected with the first magnetic switch, a grounding end of the first capacitor is connected with the second magnetic switch, output ends of the first magnetic switch and the second magnetic switch are connected with a third capacitor and a fourth capacitor in parallel, the fourth capacitor is connected with the third magnetic switch, an output end of the third magnetic switch is connected with an inductor and a load, a grounding end of the third capacitor is connected with the inductor, and the load is connected with the inductor in parallel.
Further, the pre-breakdown module can be realized by adopting a plurality of air gap switch circuits connected in parallel, the air gap switch circuits comprise air gap switches, a first boost capacitor, a second boost capacitor, a first protection resistor and a second protection resistor, the first boost capacitor, the first protection resistor, the second boost capacitor and the second protection resistor are connected end to end in sequence, and two ends of each air gap switch are respectively connected with the output ends of the first protection resistor and the second protection resistor;
the trigger circuit comprises a voltage source, a first pulse transformer, a shaping bridge circuit, a buffer circuit, a protection circuit, a silicon controlled rectifier, a second pulse transformer, an IGBT driving plate, a signal delay module and a trigger signal module, wherein the first air gap switch circuit of the pre-breakdown module is connected with the trigger circuit, the voltage source is connected with a primary winding of the first pulse transformer, a secondary winding of the first pulse transformer is connected with the shaping bridge circuit, the buffer circuit is connected with the protection circuit after being connected with the silicon controlled rectifier in parallel, the primary winding of the second pulse transformer is connected with the protection circuit, the secondary winding of the second pulse transformer is connected with the air gap switch, the silicon controlled rectifier, the IGBT driving plate, the signal delay module and the trigger signal module are sequentially connected, and the trigger signal module is further connected with the switch.
The invention combines the specific process and mechanism of electric pulse rock breaking to design the electric pulse generator, has high rock breaking energy consumption efficiency, and can design the specific circuit structure of the electric pulse generator flexibly according to the mode and load type of electric pulse rock breaking. The invention has the advantages of strong pertinence, flexibility, portability and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic switch pulse generator for breaking rock by electric pulse according to the invention; in the figure, 1, a power supply; 2. a rectifying and filtering module; 3. an energy storage module; 4. a switch; 5. a trigger circuit; 6. a transformer; 7. a pre-breakdown module; 8. a magnetic switch; 9. a reset circuit; 10. and (3) loading.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of hysteresis loop of a magnetic material; in the figure, B is the magnetic induction intensity; h is the magnetic field strength; h s Is the saturation value of the magnetic field intensity; b (B) s Saturation value B of magnetic induction intensity s ；B r Is the residual induction intensity; h cm Is coercive force.
FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention; in the figure, U 0 Is a power supply; s is an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) driving plate; c (C) 0 Is an energy storage capacitor; c (C) s The front-end capacitor of the pulse transformer; TP is a pulse transformer; l (L) 1 Is a resonant inductance; c (C) 1 A capacitor is compressed for magnetic pulses; l (L) m Is a saturable inductance; c (C) 2 A capacitor is compressed for magnetic pulses; MS (MS) 0 Is a magnetic switch; i 0 The current source is a reset circuit; l (L) 0 Is a power supply inductance; r is R 0 Is a load.
FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of embodiment 3 of the present invention; in the figure, U 0 Is a power supply; s is an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) driving plate; c (C) 0 Is an energy storage capacitor; c (C) s The front-end capacitor is a transformer; TR (TR) MV1 Is a primary magnetic compression transformer, C 1 A capacitor is compressed for primary magnetic pulse; TR (TR) MV2 Is a secondary magnetic compression transformer; c (C) 2 A capacitor is compressed for a second-level magnetic pulse; MS (MS) 0 Is a magnetic switch; i 0 Is a magnetic switch MS 0 A reset circuit current source of (a); l (L) 0 Is a power supply inductance; r is R 0 Is a load.
FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of embodiment 4 of the present invention; u (U) 0 Is a power supply; s is an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) driving plate; c (C) 0 Is an energy storage capacitor; c (C) s The front-end capacitor of the pulse transformer; TP is a pulse transformer; r is (r) 1 ～r 2n Is a protection resistor; c (C) 1 ～C n Is a boost capacitor; g 2 ～G n Is an air gap switch; g 1 The three-electrode trigger air gap switch is characterized in that k and j are pulse voltage nodes and grounding nodes of trigger electrodes of the three-electrode trigger air gap switch respectively; r is R 0 Is a load; MS (MS) 0 A magnetic switch; i 0 Is a magnetic switch MS 0 A reset circuit current source of (a); l (L) 0 Is a power supply inductance; u (u) 0 Is a trigger circuit voltage source; TR (TR) 1 And TR 2 Is a pulse transformer; d (D) 1 ～D 7 Is a diode; r is R 1 ～R 3 Is a resistor; c 1 ～c 2 Is a capacitor; e (E) 0 Is a silicon controlled rectifier.
FIG. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of embodiment 5 of the present invention; in the figure, U 0 Is a voltage source; s is an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) driving plate; c (C) 0 Is an energy storage capacitor; c (C) s The front-end capacitor is a transformer; TP is a pulse transformer; c (C) 1 ～C 2 A capacitor of the first-stage voltage doubling unit; MS (MS) 1 A magnetic compression switch for the first-stage voltage doubling unit; MS (MS) 2 ～MS 3 The voltage-doubling magnetic switch is a two-stage voltage-doubling unit; c (C) 3 ～C 4 The capacitor is a secondary voltage doubling unit capacitor; MS (MS) 0 Is a magnetic switch; i 0 Is a magnetic switch MS 0 A reset circuit current source of (a); l (L) 0 Is a power supply inductance; r is R 0 Is a load.
In fig. 1, 3-6, a, b, c, and d are low inductance wire nodes; e. f, g and h are high voltage wire nodes.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The magnetic switch pulse generator for breaking rock by electric pulse provided by the embodiment opens up a discharge channel in a load (rock or liquid insulating medium) by instantaneous high-voltage electric pulse, and then injects part of stored energy into the opened discharge channel by an adjusting switch, so that the efficient breaking of the rock is finally realized.
As shown in fig. 1, the magnetic switch pulse generator for breaking rock by electric pulse comprises a power supply, a rectifying and filtering module, an energy storage module, a switch, a trigger circuit, a transformer, a pre-breakdown module, a magnetic switch, a reset circuit and a load, wherein the power supply, the rectifying and filtering module and the energy storage module are sequentially connected end to end, the switch is connected with the output end of the rectifying and filtering module, the trigger circuit is connected with the switch, the primary winding of the transformer is connected with the output end of the switch and the cathode of the power supply, the secondary winding of the transformer, the pre-breakdown module and the load are connected in parallel and then grounded, the output end of the switch is further connected with the magnetic switch, the magnetic switch is connected with the reset circuit, and the output end of the magnetic switch is connected with the load.
The power supply provides energy input for the whole pulse generator, and is realized by a voltage source which outputs voltage waves, and the voltage waves provide working voltage and charging voltage for each module through a circuit; the rectification filter module carries out rectification and filtering treatment on the voltage wave output by the power supply, and the rectification filter module can be realized by adopting a circuit with rectification and filtering functions in the prior art; the rectified and filtered voltage charges an energy storage module, the energy storage module stores energy, and high energy is needed to store energy according to the rock breaking requirement; the rectified and filtered voltage is charged to a transformer through a switch, the transformer carries out primary boosting on the rectified and filtered voltage and then transmits the voltage to a pre-breakdown module, and the pre-breakdown module further carries out continuous boosting and steepening on the boosted voltage to form instantaneous high pulse voltage which can break down a load and form a channel; the voltage output by the switch is also transmitted to the magnetic switch, the magnetic switch is communicated, a large amount of energy stored by the energy storage module can be discharged to the load, and rock breaking is realized, wherein the disconnection and connection of the switch are controlled by the trigger circuit, the trigger circuit is controlled by the quantity and time interval of receiving the trigger signals, and the trigger signals can be optical fiber trigger signals input from the outside.
The magnetic switch realizes the disconnection and the reset of the magnetic switch through a reset circuit, the essence of the magnetic switch is a saturable inductance which has hysteresis effect, and the working principle of the magnetic switch depends on the magnetismHysteresis effects, hysteresis loops of the magnetic material are shown in fig. 2. Starting from a sample of ferromagnetic material (including ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic materials) with a magnetic induction b=0, the magnetic field strength H of the magnetizing field is gradually increased, and the magnetic induction B is then increased along the oab curve in fig. 2 until reaching the magnetic saturation state. Now increasing the magnetic field strength H, the magnetization state of the sample will remain substantially unchanged, so that the straight section bc is almost parallel to the H axis. When the magnetic induction intensity reaches the saturation value B s At the time, the corresponding magnetic field strength H is H s The oab curve is referred to as the initial magnetization curve. If the magnetization field is reduced, the magnetization curve does not return along the original starting magnetization curve from point B, which means that the change in the magnetic induction B lags behind the change in the magnetic field H, a phenomenon known as hysteresis. When the magnetic field strength H decreases to zero, the magnetic induction strength B is not zero but is equal to the residual induction strength B r . To reduce the magnetic induction B to zero, an inverse magnetization field must be applied, and when the inverse magnetization field is increased to-H cm When the magnetic induction intensity B is zero, H cm Referred to as coercivity. If the magnitude of the reverse magnetization field continues to increase to-H s When the sample is magnetized in the opposite direction to reach saturation state e, the corresponding saturation value of magnetic induction intensity is-B s . Points e and b are symmetrical with respect to the origin. After which the reverse magnetization field is reduced to zero and then increased again in the forward direction. The sample magnetization state will return to the forward saturated magnetization state b along the curve egkb. The egkb and bnde curves are also symmetric about the origin o. It can be seen that when the magnetization field is defined by H s to-H s from-H s To H s Upon repeated changes, the magnetization state of the sample changes through the cycling process described by the bdegkb closed loop. Therefore, the curve bndegkb is called a hysteresis loop, and therefore, the magnetic switch of the present embodiment adopts the reset circuit current source of the magnetic switch as the reset circuit, and realizes the reset (turn-off) of the magnetic switch.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a specific implementation circuit of a magnetic switch pulse generator for breaking rock by electric pulse, the circuit schematic diagram of which is shown in figure 3, which comprises a power supply U 0 Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) driving plateS, capacitor C 0 、C s 、C 1 、C 2 Pulse transformer TP and inductor L 1 Saturated inductance L m Load R 0 Magnetic switch MS 0 And a current source I 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Power supply U 0 Providing a charging voltage, capacitor C 0 、C s Form an energy storage module, a capacitor C 0 As an energy storage capacitor, is directly connected with the power supply U 0 On the other hand, since the energy storage module stores large energy, the capacitor C 0 An energy storage capacitor group can be formed by connecting a plurality of capacitors in parallel, and an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) driving plate S forms a rectifying and filtering module and a switch, and the Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) driving plate S and a power supply U 0 The output end of the Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) driving plate S is connected with a capacitor C of the energy storage module s Capacitance C s A capacitor C connected with the primary winding of the pulse transformer TP 1 、C 2 Inductance L 1 And a saturable inductance L m Forming a pre-breakdown module, the capacitor C 1 And inductance L 1 Forms an LC resonance circuit, and can saturate inductance L m And capacitor C 2 A pulse compression circuit is formed; load R 0 For liquid medium or rock, magnetic switch MS 0 Is connected with the output end of an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) driving plate S, and a current source I 0 As a magnetic switch MS 0 Is provided.
The working principle of the present embodiment is explained below: in the initial state, the switch composed of the Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) driving plate S is disconnected, and the capacitor C 0 Charging, capacitor C s And C 1 In a fully discharged state. Subsequently, an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) driving plate S is closed under the control of a trigger signal, and a power supply U 0 The voltage of the auxiliary winding acts on the primary winding of the pulse transformer TP, and the voltage of the auxiliary winding is the voltage of two ends of the primary winding multiplied by the transformation ratio; at this time, the inductance L 1 And capacitor C 1 Forming an LC circuit; capacitance C if parasitics in the circuit are ignored 1 And inductance L 1 The voltage at two ends starts to resonate, and the maximum resonance is equal to the voltage value of the secondary windingMultiple times. During this time, magnetic switch MS 0 The LC circuit is not yet saturated, i.e. it is approximately no load/no damping. By means of a saturable inductance L m And capacitor C 2 In combination with magnetic pulse compression, thereby reducing the load R 0 Rise time of voltage. At inductance L 1 And capacitor C 1 And the voltage rises rapidly under compression with the magnetic pulse. Saturable inductance L m At capacitor C 1 And inductance L 1 Saturation at maximum voltage across the two ends, resulting in smaller pulse leading edge rise time and maximum load R 0 A voltage. Due to the winding direction of the pulse transformer TP, the load voltage starts to rise to the negative direction, so that the magnetic switch MS 0 The voltage is positive, and the magnetic core is magnetized in the positive direction. During the load voltage rise to breakdown, the magnetic switch MS 0 Blocking high pulse voltage, insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) drive plate S and magnetic switch MS 0 The co-planar low-inductance conductor ab in between is approximately just charged to the input voltage. With the load R 0 Breakdown (of rock or liquid medium), load voltage drop sharply, current flowing from pulse transformer TP and C 1 And C 2 The stored energy generates a large amount of thermal plasma in a breakdown channel inside the medium, a pulse transformer TP and a capacitor C 1 And C 2 Inductance L 1 And L m Load R 0 The connecting line efgh between the two is a high-voltage-resistant wire, so that the electric breakdown occurs in the load R 0 Inside. Magnetic switch MS 0 Is still positive, the core of which is further magnetized to the positive direction, realizing a magnetic switch MS 0 Saturation is reached before the arc is extinguished, shortening the breakdown time.
Then, shortly after breakdown, magnetic switch MS 0 Saturated and stores energy capacitor C through Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) driving plate S 0 Connected to a load R 0 Two ends, thereby realizing the load R 0 Conversion of high voltage to high current (high energy) across. The arc is not extinguished during this transition due to the large time constant of the charge in the discharge channel (plasma channel). Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) driving plate S and magnetic switch MS 0 Between and magnetic switchOff MS 0 And a load R 0 The connection between the conductors is formed by coplanar low-inductance conductors ab and cd, thereby ensuring the load R 0 The internal current rises rapidly. Magnetic switch MS 0 After saturation, store in capacitor C 0 And C s The energy in (a) is transferred into the load arc, the plasma channel expands rapidly due to the temperature rise, creating stress waves and eventually achieving rock breaking.
When the capacitor C 0 And C s Is transferred to the load R 0 When in use, the Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) driving plate S is disconnected, and the energy storage capacitor C 0 And recharging, and preparing for the next pulse of the electric pulse generator. During this time, magnetic switch MS 0 At the current source I 0 The reset circuit provided with the power supply is reversely magnetized and reaches a non-saturated state, and one pulse working cycle of the electric pulse generator for breaking the rock is completed.
The circuit can be adjusted, for example, the discharge frequency of the pulse voltage is adjusted by the frequency of the optical fiber trigger signal; the pulse transformer can be composed of multiple stages of transformers, so that higher pulse voltage peaks are realized; magnetic compression circuit (L) in pre-breakdown module m And C 2 ) The transformer can also be composed of a multi-stage transformer, and finally, the purpose of shorter rising time of the pulse voltage front edge is achieved.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a further implementation circuit of a magnetic switch pulse generator for breaking rock by electric pulse, the circuit schematic diagram of which is shown in fig. 4 and comprises a power supply U 0 Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) driving plate S and capacitor C 0 、C s 、C 1 、C 2 Controllable transformer TR MV1 、TR MV2 Load R 0 Magnetic switch MS 0 And a current source I 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein, the power supply U 0 Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) driving plate S and capacitor C 0 、C s Load R 0 Magnetic switch MS 0 And a current source I 0 The function and connection relation of (a) are the same as those of embodiment 2, and this embodiment is not described in detail, unlike embodiment 2, this embodimentAn example provides a new circuit structure of a transformer and a pre-breakdown module, the transformer is composed of a controllable transformer TR MV1 And TR MV1 Composition; controllable transformer TR MV1 And capacitor C 1 Forming a primary voltage transformation and magnetic compression circuit; TR (TR) MV2 And capacitor C 2 Forming a secondary voltage transformation and magnetic compression circuit; the pre-breakdown module 7 is formed by a transformer TR MV1 、TR MV2 Capacitance C 1 And C 2 Together, the controllable transformer TR in this embodiment MV1 And TR MV2 The upper winding is internally provided with a magnetic core.
The working principle of the present embodiment is described below with reference to fig. 4: in the initial state, the Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) driving plate S is disconnected, and the capacitor C 0 Charging, capacitor C s The discharge is in a fully discharged state. Subsequently, an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) driving plate S is closed under the control of a trigger signal, and a power supply U 0 Acting on controllable transformer TR MV1 The voltage of the auxiliary winding is the voltage of the two ends of the primary winding multiplied by the transformation ratio. Controllable transformer TR MV1 The core of the winding is gradually changed from unsaturated state to saturated state, and the capacitor C s Is also slowly charged. Controllable transformer TR MV1 The core of the winding is in transition from unsaturated to saturated, and is connected with the capacitor C 1 In combination with the primary magnetic pulse compression of the voltage, the rise time of the load voltage is reduced. During the first-stage magnetic pulse compression, the controllable transformer TR MV2 The core of the winding is not saturated by adjusting the capacitance C 1 And a transformer TR MV1 The number of turns of the upper coil, the magnetic flux area and other variables enable the transformer TR to be controlled when the primary magnetic compression voltage reaches the peak value MV2 The core of the winding just reaches saturation. Controllable transformer TR MV2 Saturated inductance and capacitance C on winding 2 Combining the two-stage voltage boosting and pulse compression to further increase the peak value of the pulse voltage and reduce the rising front pulse time until the load R 0 The voltage across it rises rapidly until breakdown occurs. At this time, magnetic switch MS 0 The voltage is positive, the magnetic core is magnetized in the positive direction, and the load voltage rises to break downMagnetic switch MS 0 Blocking high pulse voltage, insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) drive plate S and magnetic switch MS 0 The co-planar low-inductance conductor ab in between is approximately just charged to the input voltage. With the load R 0 Breakdown (of rock or liquid medium), load voltage drops sharply, from controllable transformer TR MV1 And TR MV2 Current and capacitance C flowing out 1 And C 2 The energy stored in the energy storage device is stored in the load R 0 A large amount of thermal plasma is generated in the breakdown channel inside the medium. Controllable transformer TR MV1 And TR MV2 Capacitance C 1 And C 2 Load R 0 The connecting line efgh between the two is a high-voltage-resistant wire, so that the electric breakdown occurs in the load R 0 Inside. Magnetic switch MS 0 Is still positive, so that its core is further magnetized in the positive direction.
Shortly after breakdown, magnetic switch MS 0 Saturated and stores energy capacitor C through Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) driving plate S 0 Is connected to both ends of the load to realize the load R 0 Conversion of high voltage to high current (high energy) across. The arc is not extinguished during this transition due to the large time constant of the charge in the discharge channel (plasma channel). Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) driving plate S and magnetic switch MS 0 Between and magnetic switch MS 0 And a load R 0 The connection between the conductors is formed by coplanar low-inductance conductors ab and cd, thereby ensuring the load R 0 The internal current rises rapidly. Magnetic switch MS 0 After saturation, store in capacitor C 0 And C s Is transferred to the load R 0 In the generated arc, the plasma channel expands rapidly due to the temperature rise, generating stress waves and eventually achieving rock breaking.
When the capacitor C 0 And C s Is transferred to the load R 0 When in use, the Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) driving plate S is disconnected, and the energy storage capacitor C 0 And recharging, and preparing for the next pulse of the electric pulse generator. During this time, magnetic switch MS 0 At the current source I 0 Is inverted under the reset circuit for providing powerMagnetized, and brought to an unsaturated state. This completes one pulse duty cycle of the electrical pulse generator to break the rock.
Meanwhile, the circuit can be adjusted, for example, the discharge frequency of the pulse voltage is adjusted by the frequency of the optical fiber trigger signal; the transformer and the magnetic compression circuit with the saturable inductance in the transformer and the pre-breakdown module can also have multiple stages so as to realize higher peak voltage and shorter pulse voltage leading edge rising time.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a further implementation circuit of a magnetic switch pulse generator for breaking rock by electric pulse, the circuit schematic diagram of which is shown in fig. 5 and comprises a power supply U 0 Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) driving plate S and capacitor C 0 、C s Trigger circuit, pre-breakdown module, pulse transformer TP and load R 0 Magnetic switch MS 0 And a current source I 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein, the power supply U 0 Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) driving plate S and capacitor C 0 、C s Load R 0 Pulse transformer TP and magnetic switch MS 0 And a current source I 0 The function and connection relation of the circuit are the same as those of embodiment 2, and this embodiment is not repeated, but different from embodiment 2, this embodiment provides a new trigger circuit and a pre-breakdown module, where the pre-breakdown module is formed by a boost capacitor C 1 ～C n Protection resistor r 1 ～r 2n And air gap switch G 1 ～G n Is composed of two boosting capacitors, two protecting resistors and an air gap switch to form an air gap switch circuit, the first air gap switch circuit is taken as an example, the boosting capacitor C 1 Protection resistor r 1 Boost capacitor C 2 And a protection resistor r 2 Connected end to end in turn, air gap switch G 1 Two ends of (a) are respectively connected with the protection resistor r 1 And r 2 N air gap switch circuits are connected in parallel to form a pre-breakdown module. The trigger circuit is formed by a voltage source u 0 Pulse transformer TR 1 、TR 2 Diode D 1 ～D 7 Resistance R 1 ～R 3 Capacitance c 1 ～c 2 Silicon controlled rectifier E 0 The IGBT driving board, the signal delay module and the trigger signal form, and the voltage source u 0 And pulse transformer TR 1 Is connected with the primary winding of the pulse transformer TR 1 Is composed of diode D and auxiliary winding 1 ～D 4 The formed shaping bridge circuit is connected with a protection resistor R 1 Capacitance c 2 Diode D 7 Protection resistor R 3 Sequentially connected to form a protection circuit, and a protection resistor R 1 Is connected with the shaping bridge circuit to realize the capacitance c 2 Charging; capacitor c 1 Resistance R 1 、R 2 Forms a buffer circuit, the buffer circuit and a silicon controlled rectifier E 0 Connected in parallel and then connected with a protection circuit, and a silicon controlled rectifier E 0 The input end is connected with a diode D 5 、D 6 Silicon controlled rectifier E 0 The output end, the IGBT driving board, the signal delay module and the trigger signal module are sequentially connected, the trigger signal module is also connected with the switch, and the pulse transformer TR 2 The primary winding of which is connected with a protection circuit, and the secondary winding of which is connected with a first air gap switch G in a pre-breakdown module 1 Connected, air gap switch G 1 The three electrodes trigger the air gap switch.
The working principle of the present embodiment is described below with reference to fig. 5: in the initial state, the Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) driving plate S is disconnected, and the capacitor C 0 Charging, capacitor C s The discharge is in a fully discharged state. An Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) driving plate S is closed under the control of a trigger signal, and a power supply U 0 The voltage of the primary winding and the secondary winding acting on the pulse transformer TP is the voltage of the two ends of the primary winding multiplied by the transformation ratio, and the capacitor C s Is also slowly charged. The secondary winding of the pulse transformer TP does not generate a trigger electrical signal due to the signal delay in the trigger circuit. Air gap switch G 1 ～G n The capacitor C is not broken down under the voltage of the secondary winding of the pulse transformer TP 1 ～C n In the parallel state, the voltages at their ends are all approximately equal to the voltage of the secondary winding of the pulse transformer TP. Capacitor C 1 ～C n In being slowly charged.
In the trigger circuit, a voltage source u 0 In pulse transformer TR 1 After transformation, pass through diode D 1 ～D 4 Form a finishing bridge and then pass through a protection resistor R 1 Capacitance c 2 -diode D 7 -a protection resistor R 3 Feed capacitor c 2 And (5) charging. Capacitor c in trigger circuit 1 -resistance R 1 、R 2 The branch is a buffer stage. When the trigger signal is controlled by signal delay, pulse voltage is generated by IGBT driving board to act on the silicon controlled rectifier E 0 The delay control time of the trigger signal is smaller than that of the n-stage boost capacitor C 1 ～C n Is provided. Silicon controlled rectifier E 0 Will change from off to on, capacitor C 2 Through a silicon controlled rectifier E 0 Pulse transformer TR 2 The primary winding is discharged. Pulse transformer TR by electromagnetic induction principle 2 The required high-voltage trigger pulse is output, and the diode is in an off state due to reverse bias, so that the capacitor c cannot be formed 2 Silicon controlled rectifier E 0 -diode D 5 ～D 7 Loop to discharge loop, diode D 7 Only at capacitance c 2 Providing access during charging. Notably the pulse transformer TR 2 The output voltage of (a) is greater than the boost capacitor C in the pre-breakdown module 1 Charging voltage and air gap switch G at two ends 1 Is a breakdown voltage of (a).
When the pulse signal generated by the trigger circuit acts on the three-electrode trigger switch G 1 On the other hand, the switch G is triggered by three electrodes 1 The gas between the air gap nodes kj of (a) is broken down. Post-breakdown air gap switch G 1 Is grounded and boost capacitor C 1 The voltage difference between the two ends cannot be changed suddenly. Air gap switch G 2 The voltage at both ends is due to the boost capacitor C 2 The voltage difference between the two ends cannot be suddenly changed and the resistor r 1 ～r 2 Pulse transformer TP output voltage with isolation function changed to 2 times and air gap switch G 2 The gas in between is then broken down rapidly. Similarly, the gas between the air gap switches of each stage is also broken down by overvoltage in turn, and finally the capacitor C 1 ～C n In series to generate a higher pulse voltage to act on the load R 0 Two ends. If neglecting in loopLoss of electric energy, load R 0 The pulse voltage peak value at both ends is about n times of the output voltage of the pulse transformer TP.
In the above process, the magnetic switch MS 0 The voltage is positive, and the magnetic core is magnetized in the positive direction. During the load voltage rise to breakdown, the magnetic switch MS 0 Blocking high pulse voltage, insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) drive plate S and magnetic switch MS 0 The co-planar low-inductance conductor ab in between is approximately just charged to the input voltage. With the load R 0 Breakdown (of rock or liquid medium), abrupt drop of load voltage, boost capacitance C 1 ～C n The energy in between generates a large amount of thermal plasma in the breakdown channel inside the medium. Boost capacitor C 1 ～C n Protection resistor r 1 ～r 2n Air gap switch G 1 ～G n And a load R 0 The connecting line efgh between the two is a high-voltage-resistant wire, so that the electric breakdown occurs in the load R 0 Inside. Shortly after breakdown, magnetic switch MS 0 Saturated and stores energy capacitor C through Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) driving plate S 0 Connected to a load R 0 Two ends, thereby realizing the load R 0 Conversion of high voltage to high current (high energy) across. The arc is not extinguished during this transition due to the large time constant of the charge in the discharge channel (plasma channel). Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) driving plate S and magnetic switch MS 0 Between and magnetic switch MS 0 And a load R 0 The connection between the conductors is formed by coplanar low-inductance conductors ab and cd, thereby ensuring the load R 0 The internal current rises rapidly. Magnetic switch MS 0 After saturation, store in capacitor C 0 And C s Is transferred to the load R 0 In the arc, the plasma channel expands rapidly due to the temperature rise, generating stress waves and eventually achieving rock breaking.
When the capacitor C 0 And C s Is transferred to the load R 0 When in use, the Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) driving plate S is disconnected, and the energy storage capacitor C 0 And recharging, and preparing for the next pulse of the electric pulse generator.During this time, magnetic switch MS 0 At the current source I 0 The reset circuit provided with the power supply is reversely magnetized and reaches a non-saturated state, and one pulse working cycle of the electric pulse generator for breaking the rock is completed.
Meanwhile, the circuit can be adjusted, for example, the discharge frequency of the pulse voltage is adjusted by the frequency of the optical fiber trigger signal; delay control time of trigger signal is used for giving boost capacitor C 1 ～C n Charging but delay control time of trigger signal can be smaller than n-stage boost capacitor C 1 ～C n Charging time of (a), i.e. boost capacitance C 1 ～C n It is unnecessary to fully charge, which ensures that the designed pulse generator has a shorter pulse voltage leading edge rise time. While loading R 0 The pulse voltage peak value at two ends can be controlled by a protection resistor r in a transformer and a pre-breakdown module 2n-1 ～r 2n Air gap switch G n And boost capacitor C n The basic unit of the composition is adjusted.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a further implementation circuit of a magnetic switch pulse generator for breaking rock by electric pulse, the circuit schematic diagram of which is shown in FIG. 6 and comprises a power supply U 0 Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) driving plate S and capacitor C 0 、C s Pre-breakdown module and controllable transformer TR MV Load R 0 Magnetic switch MS 0 And a current source I 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein, the power supply U 0 Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) driving plate S and capacitor C 0 、C s Load R 0 Magnetic switch MS 0 And a current source I 0 The function and connection relation of (a) are the same as those of embodiment 2, and this embodiment is not described in detail, but is different from embodiment 2 in that this embodiment provides a new circuit of a transformer and a pre-breakdown module, and this embodiment adopts a controllable transformer TR MV Capacitance C 1 ～C 4 Magnetic switch MS 1 ～MS 3 Constitutes a transformer and a pre-breakdown module, and the controllable transformer TR MV Capacitance C 1 、C 2 And magnetic switch MS 1 Forms a primary voltage doubling and magnetic compression unit, and a controllable transformer TR MV Is connected with a capacitor C 1 、C 2 And capacitor C 1 、C 2 Parallel, capacitor C 2 And magnetic switch MS 1 Connecting; magnetic switch MS 2 Capacitance C 3 、C 4 Magnetic switch MS 3 Forms a two-stage voltage doubling and magnetic compression unit and a magnetic switch MS 2 And capacitor C 3 、C 4 Connected with capacitor C 3 、C 4 Parallel, capacitor C 3 And magnetic switch MS 3 Connecting; 1. the two-stage voltage doubling units together form a transformer and a pre-breakdown module. The transformer TR in the present embodiment MV Winding on (a), magnetic switch MS 0 、MS 1 ～MS 3 Is essentially a saturable inductance with hysteresis properties.
The working principle of the present embodiment is described below with reference to fig. 6: in the initial state, the Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) driving plate S is disconnected, and the capacitor C 0 Charging, capacitor C s The discharge is in a fully discharged state. Controllable transformer TR MV The winding core is reset. An Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) driving plate S is closed under the control of a trigger signal, and a power supply U 0 Acting on controllable transformer TR MV The voltage of the primary winding and the voltage of the secondary winding are the voltage of the two ends of the primary winding multiplied by the transformation ratio, and the transformer TR is controlled MV The winding core of (a) is slowly changed from an unsaturated state to a saturated state, and a capacitor C s Is also slowly charged. Capacitor C s Controllable transformer TR after charging MV The magnetic flux density in the winding core of (a) returns to the negative residual induction strength (i.e. -B in fig. 3) r Where) is located. Capacitor C s By means of a controllable transformer TR MV Give electric capacity C 1 And C 2 And (5) charging in parallel. Controllable transformer TR MV The magnetic flux density in the winding core begins to saturate toward the forward induction saturation value (i.e., B in fig. 3 s Where) increases and when the capacitance C 1 And C 2 Controllable transformer TR when charged to maximum MV Is saturated. Controllable transformer TR MV The winding inductance of (a) drops sharply, and the controllable transformer TR MV Auxiliary winding parallelConnected capacitor C 1 By means of an available transformer TR MV The auxiliary winding of the capacitor realizes the rapid voltage polarity inversion, and when the capacitor C 1 When the voltage between the two ends reaches the negative peak value, the capacitor C 2 And magnetic switch MS 1 The voltage at the junction jumps from the original zero potential to a negative peak of about 2 times (if capacitor C 1 And C 2 Equal capacitance of (c), magnetic switch MS 1 Saturation, capacitance C 1 And C 2 The pulse voltage (about 2 times the negative peak value) across the series connection acts on the magnetic switch MS 2 Two ends. The first voltage doubling and pulse compression of the voltage are completed; during the first-stage magnetic pulse compression, magnetic switch MS 2 Unsaturated by adjusting capacitance C 1 ～C 2 And magnetic switch MS 1 The number of turns of the upper coil, the magnetic flux area and other variables enable the magnetic switch MS to be used when the primary magnetic compression voltage reaches the peak value 2 Just reaching saturation. Pulse voltage is transmitted through magnetic switch MS 2 Then pass through capacitor C 3 ～C 4 Magnetic switch MS 3 The secondary boosting and pulse compression are carried out, so that the peak value of the pulse voltage is further improved, and the rising front pulse time is reduced. If the capacitance C 1 And C 2 Is equal in capacitance and capacitance C 3 And C 4 When the capacitances of (a) are equal, the load R 0 The pulse voltage at both ends is about 4 times the controllable transformer TR MV Secondary winding terminal voltage. Then load R 0 The voltage at the end rises rapidly until breakdown occurs.
In the above process, the magnetic switch MS 0 The voltage is positive, and the magnetic core is magnetized in the positive direction. During the load voltage rise to breakdown, the magnetic switch MS 0 Blocking high pulse voltage, insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) drive plate S and magnetic switch MS 0 The co-planar low-inductance conductor ab in between is approximately just charged to the input voltage. With the load R 0 Breakdown (of rock or liquid medium), load voltage drops sharply, from controllable transformer TR MV Current and capacitance C flowing out 1 ～C 4 The stored energy in the medium generates a large amount of thermal plasma in the breakdown channel inside the medium. Capacitor C 1 ～C 4 Is provided with a discharge current direction and an initial charging power thereofThe discharge current in opposite directions is exactly opposite to the controllable transformer TR MV Magnetic switch MS 1 ～MS 3 Is reset by the magnetic core of the (c). Thus in the controllable transformer TR MV Magnetic switch MS 1 ～MS 3 And an additional reset circuit is not needed to be additionally arranged at two ends, so that the circuit is simplified. Controllable transformer TR MV Capacitance C 1 ～C 4 Magnetic switch MS 1 ～MS 3 And a load R 0 The connecting line efgh between the two is a pulse high voltage resistant wire, ensuring that the electric breakdown occurs in the load R 0 Inside. Magnetic switch MS 0 Is still positive, so that its core is further magnetized in the positive direction, ensuring the magnetic switch MS 0 Saturation is reached before the arc is extinguished.
Shortly after breakdown, magnetic switch MS 0 Saturated and stores energy capacitor C through Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) driving plate S 0 Connected to a load R 0 Two ends, thereby realizing the load R 0 Conversion of high voltage to high current (high energy) across. The arc is not extinguished during this transition due to the large time constant of the charge in the discharge channel (plasma channel). Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) driving plate S and magnetic switch MS 0 Between and magnetic switch MS 0 And a load R 0 The connection between the two is formed by coplanar low-induction wires ab and cd, thereby ensuring that the current in the load rises rapidly. Magnetic switch MS 0 After saturation, store in capacitor C 0 And C s Is transferred to the load R 0 In the arc, the plasma channel expands rapidly due to the temperature rise, generating stress waves and eventually achieving rock breaking.
When the capacitor C 0 And C s Is transferred to the load R 0 When in use, the Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) driving plate S is disconnected, and the energy storage capacitor C 0 And recharging, and preparing for the next pulse of the electric pulse generator. During this time, magnetic switch MS 0 At the current source I 0 Is reversely magnetized under the reset circuit for providing power and reaches the unsaturated state, thus completing one pulse work cycle of the electric pulse generator for breaking rockA ring.
It should be noted that the above circuit can be adjusted, for example, the discharge frequency of the pulse voltage is adjusted by the frequency of the optical fiber trigger signal; the transformer and the voltage doubling and magnetic pulse compression circuit containing the saturable inductance winding in the transformer and the pre-breakdown module can also have multiple stages, and finally the purposes of higher peak voltage and shorter rising time of the pulse voltage front edge are realized.
According to the embodiment, the electric pulse generator circuit is designed according to the invention, the specific process and mechanism of electric pulse rock breaking are combined, the rock breaking energy consumption efficiency is high, and meanwhile, the circuit structure of the electric pulse generator can be designed specifically and flexibly according to the mode and load type of electric pulse rock breaking. The invention has strong pertinence, flexibility and portability.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modification and substitution based on the technical scheme and the inventive concept provided by the present invention should be covered in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A magnetic switching pulse generator for electrical pulse rock breaking, comprising:
a power supply for providing a charging voltage as an energy source of the pulse generator;
the rectification filter module is connected to the output end of the power supply and used for rectifying and filtering the charging voltage output by the power supply;
the switch module is connected with the output end of the rectifying and filtering module and used for controlling the discharge frequency of the pulse generator;
the energy storage module is connected with the output end of the rectifying and filtering module, and the energy storage module is charged by the charging voltage rectified and filtered by the rectifying and filtering module, so that the energy storage module stores energy;
the primary winding of the transformer is connected to the output end of the switch module and is connected with the energy storage module in parallel and is used for primarily boosting voltage;
the pre-breakdown module is connected in parallel with the secondary winding of the transformer and is used for continuously boosting and steepening the voltage of the transformer after preliminary boosting;
The load is connected in parallel with the output end of the pre-breakdown module, and the pre-breakdown module provides instantaneous high pulse voltage for breaking down the load to form a channel in the load;
the magnetic switch module is connected with the output end of the switch module and the load and used for controlling the energy storage module to discharge to the load; the magnetic switch module is opened before the pre-breakdown module breaks down the load, and the magnetic switch module is closed before and after the pre-breakdown module breaks down the load; and the energy storage module discharges to the load through the switch module and the magnetic switch module after the magnetic switch module is closed, so that rock breaking is realized.
2. The magnetic switching pulse generator for electric pulse rock breaking of claim 1, wherein: the switch module comprises a switch and a trigger circuit connected with the switch, and the trigger circuit controls the on-off of the switch through the quantity and time interval of receiving the trigger signals, so as to control the discharge frequency of the electric pulse generator.
3. The magnetic switching pulse generator for electric pulse rock breaking of claim 1, wherein: the load is a liquid medium or rock; when the load is a liquid medium, the pulse steepening effect of the pre-breakdown module is relatively weakened, so that a larger pulse voltage peak value is ensured; when the load is liquid rock, the pre-breakdown module has a strong pulse steepening effect, and a large pulse voltage peak value is ensured.
4. The magnetic switching pulse generator for electric pulse rock breaking of claim 1, wherein: the magnetic switch module comprises a magnetic switch and a reset circuit connected with the magnetic switch, and the reset circuit controls the magnetic switch to be disconnected after the energy storage module finishes discharging the load.
5. The magnetic switching pulse generator for electric pulse rock breaking according to claim 2, wherein: the rectification filter module and the switch are realized by an insulated gate bipolar transistor driving plate.
6. The magnetic switching pulse generator for electric pulse rock breaking of claim 1, wherein: the energy storage module is realized by adopting two capacitor groups, wherein one capacitor group is connected to two ends of the power supply; the other capacitor bank is connected between the output of the switch and the primary winding of the transformer.
7. The magnetic switching pulse generator for electric pulse rock breaking of claim 1, wherein: the transformer adopts a pulse transformer.
8. The magnetic switching pulse generator for electric pulse rock breaking of claim 1, wherein: the pre-breakdown module is realized by an LC circuit and an LC pulse compression circuit, and the inductance in the LC pulse compression circuit is a saturable inductance.
9. The magnetic switching pulse generator for electric pulse rock breaking of claim 1, wherein: the transformer and the pre-breakdown module are realized by a transformer circuit or a magnetic switch circuit;
the transformer circuit comprises a first adjustable transformer and a second adjustable transformer, wherein a primary winding of the first adjustable transformer is connected with the switch module, a secondary winding of the first adjustable transformer is connected with a primary winding of the second adjustable transformer through a capacitor, and a secondary winding of the second adjustable transformer is connected with a load through a capacitor;
the magnetic switch circuit comprises a third adjustable transformer, a first magnetic switch, a second magnetic switch and a third magnetic switch, wherein a primary winding of the third adjustable transformer is connected with the switch module, a secondary winding of the third adjustable transformer is connected with a first capacitor and a second capacitor in parallel, the second capacitor is connected with the first magnetic switch, a grounding end of the first capacitor is connected with the second magnetic switch, output ends of the first magnetic switch and the second magnetic switch are connected with a third capacitor and a fourth capacitor in parallel, the fourth capacitor is connected with the third magnetic switch, an output end of the third magnetic switch is connected with an inductor and a load, a grounding end of the third capacitor is connected with the inductor, and the load is connected with the inductor in parallel.
10. The magnetic switching pulse generator for electric pulse rock breaking according to claim 2, wherein: the pre-breakdown module is realized by adopting a plurality of air gap switch circuits which are connected in parallel, the air gap switch circuits comprise air gap switches, a first boost capacitor, a second boost capacitor, a first protection resistor and a second protection resistor, the first boost capacitor, the first protection resistor, the second boost capacitor and the second protection resistor are sequentially connected end to end, and two ends of each air gap switch are respectively connected with the output ends of the first protection resistor and the second protection resistor;
The trigger circuit comprises a voltage source, a first pulse transformer, a shaping bridge circuit, a buffer circuit, a protection circuit, a silicon controlled rectifier, a second pulse transformer, an IGBT driving plate, a signal delay module and a trigger signal module, wherein the first air gap switch circuit of the pre-breakdown module is connected with the trigger circuit, the voltage source is connected with a primary winding of the first pulse transformer, a secondary winding of the first pulse transformer is connected with the shaping bridge circuit, the buffer circuit is connected with the protection circuit after being connected with the silicon controlled rectifier in parallel, the primary winding of the second pulse transformer is connected with the protection circuit, the secondary winding of the second pulse transformer is connected with the air gap switch, the silicon controlled rectifier, the IGBT driving plate, the signal delay module and the trigger signal module are sequentially connected, and the trigger signal module is further connected with the switch.
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