CN113686655B - Frictional wear experimental device capable of realizing time-varying positive pressure - Google Patents
Frictional wear experimental device capable of realizing time-varying positive pressure Download PDFInfo
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- CN113686655B CN113686655B CN202111079430.3A CN202111079430A CN113686655B CN 113686655 B CN113686655 B CN 113686655B CN 202111079430 A CN202111079430 A CN 202111079430A CN 113686655 B CN113686655 B CN 113686655B
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a friction and wear experimental device capable of realizing time-varying positive pressure, which comprises a supporting system, a friction pair test piece, an excitation system and a measuring system. The supporting system is used for mounting and connecting each test device. The friction pair test piece comprises a static test piece and a movable test piece, the movable test piece is mounted on the slide rail and can slightly move along the direction of the slide rail, and the static test piece is restrained and fixed on the supporting frame through the hinge device and the universal ball bearing. The excitation system comprises a vibration exciter for providing relative displacement for the dynamic test piece and a piezoelectric actuator for providing normal time-varying positive pressure for the static test piece. The measuring system comprises a laser displacement sensor, an acceleration sensor and three force sensors. The method has the advantages that the loaded state of the contact interface under the service condition can be reproduced, and the method can be used for analyzing the influence rule of time-varying positive pressure on the mechanical property evolution of the friction pair interface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of frictional wear interface characteristic research, and particularly relates to a frictional wear experimental device capable of realizing time-varying positive pressure.
Background
Dry friction and wear phenomena are widely present in mechanical systems with assembled structures. At the connection structures (such as bolts, flanges, etc.) of the mechanical system, at the support and transmission structures (such as gears, bearings, etc.) and on some damping structures (shoulders, shrouds, rim plate dampers, etc.), there are a large number of contact interfaces. These contact surfaces can develop small relative slippage due to vibrations generated by the mechanical system during operation and wear at the contact interface during prolonged operating conditions.
The friction and wear phenomena at the contact interface cause changes in the mechanical properties of the contact surface, such as changes in the surface coefficient of friction, contact stiffness, and contact surface profile. It has been shown that even the change of the mechanical properties of the contact interface caused by the slight friction and wear will have a drastic effect on the dynamic properties of the system, thereby further affecting the integrity and reliability of the mechanical system. Therefore, it is necessary to study the degradation mechanism of the contact interface characteristics caused by the friction wear, so as to accurately predict the evolution law of the system dynamics.
However, in the current research on the evolution mechanism of the mechanical characteristics of the contact interface, a friction and wear test of a friction pair under the action of normal positive pressure is generally adopted to construct a wear model. One of the characteristics of the experiment is to give an assumption that the positive pressure is a constant value, simplify the experiment requirements and carry out preliminary research on the evolution of the interface characteristics under the frictional wear. However, under the service condition, because the contact surface and the structure vibration direction have a certain angle, the positive pressure acting on the contact interface is not always constant but periodically changed. The method leads the loaded state of the interface in the traditional friction and wear test to be deviated from the actual condition, and further leads the established wear model to be difficult to accurately describe the evolution condition of the friction interface.
In summary, a frictional wear experimental apparatus capable of realizing time-varying positive pressure is urgently needed for researching the mechanical property evolution rule of the frictional wear interface in the power machinery system.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the limitation of the conventional frictional wear experimental device, the invention aims to provide the frictional wear experimental device capable of realizing time-varying positive pressure, which can be used for revealing the evolution rule of the mechanical property of a friction pair interface under the service condition.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a can realize frictional wear experimental apparatus of time-varying normal pressure, specifically includes braced frame, quiet test piece module, left side bearing module, right side bearing module and moves the test piece module.
The two supporting frames are provided with iron supports with a plurality of moving grooves and are fixedly arranged on the workbench through bolts.
The static test piece module comprises an adjusting bolt, a transverse mounting frame, an upper sleeve, an adapter, a piezoelectric actuator, a static piece sleeve and a static test piece; the transverse mounting frame is fixedly connected with the support frame through bolts, and the upper sleeve is mounted on the transverse mounting frame through bolts; the adjusting bolt is connected with the upper sleeve in a matched manner through threads; the piezoelectric actuator is vertically arranged, the upper end and the lower end of the piezoelectric actuator are respectively connected with the upper adapter and the lower adapter through threads, and the piezoelectric actuator penetrates through the upper sleeve and then is tightly sleeved and press-fitted with the adjusting bolt positioned above and the static part positioned below; the lower part of the static piece sleeve is fixedly connected with the static test piece through threads.
The left supporting module comprises a pre-tightening bolt, a left longitudinal mounting frame, a left sleeve, a left pull-press type force sensor and a hinge device; the left longitudinal mounting frame is fixedly connected with the supporting frame through a bolt; the left sleeve is installed on the left longitudinal installation rack through a bolt; the pre-tightening bolt is connected with the left sleeve in a threaded fit manner; the left and right sides of the left pulling and pressing type force sensor are provided with bolts which are respectively connected with a left sleeve on the left side and a hinge device on the right side; the top end of the ejector rod on the right side of the hinge device is provided with threads and is in threaded fit connection with the static part sleeve.
The right supporting module comprises a right longitudinal mounting frame, a right sleeve, a right tension-compression type force sensor and a universal ball bearing; the right longitudinal mounting frame is fixedly connected with the supporting frame through a bolt, and the right sleeve is mounted on the right longitudinal mounting frame through a bolt; the left side and the right side of the right tension-compression type force sensor are provided with bolts which are respectively connected with a right sleeve and a universal ball bearing; the left side of the universal ball bearing is in tight pressure contact with the surface of the static part sleeve.
The movable test piece module comprises a movable test piece, a movable test base, a sliding rail assembly, a vibration exciter, a downward pull-down pressure type force sensor, an I-shaped support, an adjustable clamp, a laser displacement sensor and an acceleration sensor; the I-shaped bracket and the clamp are arranged on the workbench through bolts; the sliding rail assembly is fixed on the I-shaped bracket through a bolt; the lower part of the movable piece base is fixedly connected with the sliding rail assembly through a bolt, the side surface of the movable piece base is fixedly connected with the vibration exciter through a thread, and the upper part of the movable piece base is fixedly connected with the pull-down pressure type force sensor through a bolt; the upper part of the lower pull-down pressure type force sensor is in threaded connection with the movable test piece; the acceleration sensor is tightly attached to the movable test piece; the laser displacement sensor is arranged on the adjustable clamp, and the position of the laser displacement sensor is reasonably adjusted to enable the laser to just penetrate through the right longitudinal mounting rack and irradiate on the movable test piece.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention can provide the normal positive pressure with time varying period through the piezoelectric actuator, and realizes the experimental study on the evolution rule of the characteristics of the frictional wear interface under the time varying positive pressure;
(2) The invention realizes the accurate measurement of the displacement and acceleration of the fretting slip of the friction wear test piece;
(3) The invention realizes the reliable restraint of the friction wear test piece, ensures the transmission path of the load in the experimental device, and enables the force sensor to effectively and accurately measure the stress condition of the friction wear test piece;
(4) The friction wear test piece has a simple structure and is of a detachable structure, so that the friction wear test piece is convenient to replace and measure in an experiment;
(5) The supporting frames are provided with a plurality of moving grooves, so that the test piece is ensured to have higher adjustability during installation; the supporting structure can be integrally disassembled and replaced, and is simple to install and strong in operability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the whole friction and wear test device of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of different structural modules of the frictional wear test device.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the static test piece module of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the left support module of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the right support module of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the dynamic test piece module according to the invention.
In the figure:
a-static test piece module B-left support module C-right support module D-dynamic test piece module
1-supporting frame 2-workbench 3-adjusting bolt 4-transverse mounting rack
5-upper sleeve 6-upper adapter 7-piezoelectric actuator 8-lower adapter
9-static piece sleeve 10-static piece 11-pretightening bolt 12-left longitudinal installation rack
13-left sleeve 14-left pull-press type force sensor 15-hinge device 16-universal ball bearing
17-right tension and compression type force sensor 18-right sleeve 19-right longitudinal mounting rack 20-movable test piece
21-vibration exciter 22-I-shaped support 23-sliding rail assembly 24-movable piece base
25-lower pull-down pressure type force sensor 26-adjustable clamp 27-laser displacement sensor 28-acceleration sensor
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the experimental apparatus of the present invention generally includes a support frame (1), a static test piece module (a), a left bearing module (B), a right bearing module (C), and a dynamic test piece module (D).
The supporting frame (1) is a frame structure provided with an upper beam, a middle beam and a lower beam, and each beam is provided with a moving groove with the width of 16 mm; and the cross beam at the lower end of the support frame (1) is fixedly connected with the workbench (2) through an M16 bolt.
As shown in fig. 3, the static test piece module (a) includes an adjusting bolt (3), a transverse mounting frame (4), an upper sleeve (5), an upper adapter (6), a piezoelectric actuator (7), a lower adapter (8), a static test piece sleeve (9) and a static test piece (10). Wherein the adjusting bolt (3) is an M20 bolt and is tightly matched with the upper sleeve (5) through threads. The transverse mounting frame (4) is of a plate-shaped support structure with a through groove in the center, two sides of the transverse mounting frame are fixedly connected with a cross beam at the upper end of the supporting frame (1) through 4M 16 bolts, and the position of the transverse mounting frame in the x direction can be adjusted in a moving groove of the cross beam. The upper sleeve (5) can adjust the position in the y direction in the central through groove of the transverse mounting frame (4) and is fixedly connected with the transverse mounting frame through an M6 bolt. An upper adapter (6) is installed at the upper end of the piezoelectric actuator (7), a lower adapter (8) is installed at the lower end of the piezoelectric actuator, and the upper adapter and the lower adapter are installed in the upper sleeve (5) in a vertical mode; the upper adapter (6) is in pressing contact with the adjusting bolt (3) located above, the lower adapter (8) is in pressing contact with the static sleeve (9) located below, the two adapters can only transmit z-direction pressure but not x-direction shearing force, the piezoelectric actuator (7) is prevented from bearing shearing stress, and pre-pressure is guaranteed to be transmitted only along the z direction. The static piece sleeve (9) is of a block structure with threaded holes formed in the left side and the lower side, and is used for facilitating installation and replacement of a static test piece and facilitating transmission of force along the x direction and the z direction. The static test piece (10) is a block body with a screw rod on the upper part and is assembled below the static piece sleeve (9) through threads.
As shown in fig. 4, the left support module (B) includes a pre-tightening bolt (11), a left longitudinal mounting frame (12), a left sleeve (13), a left pull-press type force sensor (14), and a hinge (15). Wherein the pre-tightening bolt (3) is an M12 bolt and is tightly matched with the left sleeve (13) through threads. The left longitudinal mounting frame (12) is a plate-shaped support structure with a moving groove in the center, the two sides of the plate-shaped support structure are fixedly connected with a beam in the middle of the supporting frame (1) through 2M 16 bolts, and the position of the left longitudinal mounting frame in the x direction can be adjusted in the moving groove of the beam; the left sleeve (13) can realize fine adjustment of the installation position in the z direction in a moving groove of the left longitudinal installation rack (12) and is fixedly connected with the left longitudinal installation rack through 2M 8 bolts. The left pulling and pressing type force sensor (14) is a screw force sensor, and the left side and the right side are respectively in threaded connection with the left sleeve (13) and the hinge device (15). The right side of the hinge device (15) is provided with a mandril, and the top end of the mandril is fixedly connected with the static part sleeve (9) through threads. The hinge arrangement (15) ensures that only a pre-stress in the z-direction is provided on the static test piece (10) while avoiding any shearing or bending moment in the x-direction.
As shown in fig. 5, the right support module (C) includes a universal ball bearing (16), a right pull-press type force sensor (17), a right sleeve (18), and a right longitudinal mounting frame (19). The right longitudinal mounting rack (19) is also a plate-shaped support structure with a moving groove in the center, the two sides of the plate-shaped support structure are fixedly connected with a middle cross beam of the supporting frame (1) through 2M 16 bolts, and the position of the x direction can be adjusted in the moving groove of the cross beam; the right sleeve (18) can realize fine adjustment of the installation position in the z direction in a moving groove of the right longitudinal installation rack (19) and is fixedly connected with the right longitudinal installation rack through 2M 8 bolts. The right tension-compression type force sensor (17) is a screw force sensor, and the left side and the right side are respectively in threaded connection with a right sleeve (18) and a universal ball bearing (16). The left side of the universal ball bearing (16) is in pressed contact with the static part sleeve (9) through a ball, and the right force sensor (17) is ensured to only detect the x-direction force acting on the static part.
As shown in fig. 6, the movable test piece module (D) includes a movable test piece (20), a vibration exciter (21), an i-shaped bracket (22), a slide rail assembly (23), a movable base (24), a lower pull-down pressure type force sensor (25), an adjustable clamp (26), a laser displacement sensor (27), and an acceleration sensor (28). Wherein the vibration exciter (21), the I-shaped bracket (22) and the adjustable clamp (26) are fixedly connected with the workbench (2) through M16 bolts. The sliding rail assembly (23) comprises two rails, and each rail is fixedly connected with the I-shaped support (22) through 7M 5 bolts; a sliding seat is arranged on the track and is fixedly connected with a movable piece base (24) through 4M 4 bolts. The movable piece base (24) is fixedly connected with the ejector rod of the vibration exciter (21) through threads. The vibration exciter (21) provides exciting force to the movable piece base (24) to realize reciprocating micro motion of the movable piece base along the x direction. The lower pull-down pressure type force sensor (25) is a screw force sensor, and the upper side and the lower side of the lower pull-down pressure type force sensor are fixedly connected with the movable test piece (20) and the movable base (24) through threads respectively and used for measuring the magnitude of the positive pressure in the z direction on the static test piece. The movable test piece (20) is of a cylindrical structure with an internal threaded hole arranged below, a tangent plane is turned on the right side, and the acceleration sensor (28) is tightly attached to the tangent plane. The adjustable clamp (26) is composed of a clamp seat, a longitudinal support and a mounting bracket. A through groove is arranged in the center of the clamp seat and is fixedly connected with the workbench (2) through an M16 bolt; and mounting edges are arranged on two sides of the clamp seat and are fixedly connected with the longitudinal support through M5 bolts. The longitudinal support is provided with a longitudinal channel, and the mounting bracket can adjust the position in the z direction in the channel and is fixed through an M5 bolt. The laser displacement sensor (27) is fixedly connected with the mounting bracket through 2M 5 bolts. The laser displacement sensor (27) is fixedly connected with the adjustable clamp (26) through 2M 5 bolts.
The experimental device aims at the fact that the object is made of high-temperature alloy materials, and the static test piece (10) and the dynamic test piece (20) can be made of single-crystal high-temperature alloys such as DD6 or GH 3536. In the experimental process, the lower surface of the static test piece (10) and the upper surface of the dynamic test piece (20) generate time-varying positive pressure with the average amplitude of 50N to 1000N under the action of the piezoelectric actuator (7), and the frequency is 50Hz to 400 Hz; the vibration exciter (21) acts on the movable test piece (20) to make the movable test piece (20) generate micro displacement of 10-50 mu m, and the vibration exciting frequency is between 50Hz and 400 Hz; the static test piece (10) is kept still all the time, so the contact surface of the static test piece (10) and the dynamic test piece (20) generates friction and abrasion due to high-frequency reciprocating micro motion. The acceleration sensor (28) is connected to the movable test piece (20) and used for measuring the acceleration condition of the movable test piece (20); the laser displacement sensor (27) penetrates through a through hole in the right longitudinal mounting rack (19) to measure the tiny displacement change of the movable test piece (20); the left tension-compression type force sensor (14) and the right tension-compression type force sensor (19) measure the magnitude of the x-direction friction force borne by the static test piece (10), and the lower tension-compression type force sensor (25) measures the magnitude of the z-direction positive pressure force borne by the dynamic test piece (20). After the data of the relative displacement and the friction force of each period are obtained, friction and wear interface parameters such as a tangential stiffness coefficient, a normal stiffness coefficient, a friction coefficient and the like can be obtained through drawing hysteresis loops under different positive pressures. Finally, the influence rule of the time-varying positive pressure on the mechanical property evolution of the friction pair interface is obtained.
The specific installation and use process of the invention is as follows:
the supporting frame (1), the vibration exciter (21), the I-shaped bracket (22) and the adjustable clamp (26) are placed at proper positions and fixedly connected with the workbench (2) through M16 bolts.
Furthermore, two rails of the sliding rail assembly (23) are fixedly connected with the I-shaped support (22) through M5 bolts.
Further, the movable piece base (24) is in threaded connection with a mandril of the vibration exciter (21).
Further, a sliding seat on the sliding rail assembly (23) is fixedly connected with a movable piece base (24) through an M4 bolt. To this end, the vibration exciter (21) can provide an exciting force for the movable base (24) to enable the movable base to realize reciprocating displacement along the direction of the slide rail.
Furthermore, a movable piece base (24) is in threaded connection with a lower pull-down pressure type force sensor (25), and the upper part of the lower pull-down pressure type force sensor (25) is in threaded connection with a movable test piece (20).
Furthermore, an acceleration sensor (28) is closely attached to a tangent plane on the right side of the movable test piece (20) to measure the acceleration condition of the movable test piece (20) in the experiment.
Furthermore, the left longitudinal mounting frame (12) is mounted on a middle cross beam of the support frame (1) through an M16 bolt, and the left sleeve (13) is fixedly connected with the left longitudinal mounting frame (12) through an M8 bolt.
Furthermore, a pre-tightening bolt (11) and a left pulling and pressing type force sensor (14) are installed into the left sleeve (13) from the left side and the right side respectively.
Furthermore, the hinge (15) is in threaded connection with the static part sleeve (9), and the hinge (15) is in threaded connection with the left pull-press type force sensor (14).
Furthermore, the static test piece (10) is fixedly connected with the static piece sleeve (9) through threads, the screwing length of the static test piece (10) is adjusted, and the installation height of the left sleeve (13) is adjusted, so that the static test piece (10) is in surface-to-surface contact with the just-moving test piece (20).
Furthermore, a right longitudinal mounting frame (19) is mounted on a middle cross beam of the supporting frame (1) through an M16 bolt, a right sleeve (18) is fixedly connected with the right longitudinal mounting frame (19) through an M8 bolt, and then the right tension-compression type force sensor (17) is connected with the universal ball bearing (16) through threads in sequence.
Furthermore, the screwing length of the pre-tightening bolt (11) is adjusted, so that the static sleeve (9) is in press fit with the universal ball bearing (16) and provides larger pre-pressure.
Further, the transverse mounting frame (4) is mounted on the upper end cross beam of the support frame (1) through an M16 bolt, and the upper sleeve (5) is fixedly connected with the transverse mounting frame (4) through an M8 bolt.
Further, an upper adapter (6) and a lower adapter (8) are mounted on both sides of the piezoelectric actuator (7) and are mounted into the upper sleeve (5) in a vertical manner.
Further, the screwing length of the adjusting bolt (3) is adjusted, so that the static sleeve (9) is in press fit with the lower adapter (8) and provides a specified positive pressure value. The positive pressure value is measured by a pull-down pressure type force sensor (25).
Furthermore, the laser displacement sensor (27) is fixedly connected with the clamp (26) through 2M 5 bolts, and the position of the clamp (26) is adjusted, so that the laser displacement sensor (27) can measure the tiny displacement change of the movable test piece (20) in an experiment through a through hole in the clamping device (19).
The static test piece (10) and the dynamic test piece (20) adopt single crystal high temperature alloy such as DD6 or GH3536 as experimental objects. In the experimental process, the vibration exciter (21) is fixed on the workbench, and x-direction exciting force is provided for the movable piece base (24), so that the movable piece (20) follower base (24) generates reciprocating micro motion of about 10-50 mu m, and the exciting frequency is between 50Hz and 400 Hz; the static piece sleeve (9) and the static piece (10) are fixed above the dynamic piece (20) through a static piece module (A), a left support module (B) and a right support module (C) and are in friction surface contact with the dynamic piece (20); the static test piece (10) generates time-varying positive pressure with the average amplitude of 50N to 1000N under the action of the piezoelectric actuator (7), and the frequency is 50Hz to 400 Hz; the hinge device (15) and the universal ball bearing (16) ensure that the x-direction friction force and the x-direction pretightening force borne on the static test piece (10) are only transmitted along a complete transmission chain tangential conduction of a pretightening bolt (11) → left sleeve (13) → left tension and compression type force sensor (14) → hinge (15) → static sleeve (9) → universal ball bearing (16) → right tension and compression type force sensor (17) → right sleeve (18); the upper adapter (6) and the lower adapter (8) ensure that the z-direction pretightening force provided by the adjusting bolt (3) and the z-direction periodic time-varying positive pressure provided by the piezoelectric actuator (7) are conducted normally along a complete transfer chain of the adjusting bolt (3) → the upper sleeve (5) → the upper adapter (6) → the piezoelectric actuator (7) → the lower adapter (8) → the static piece sleeve (9) and the static piece (10) → the dynamic piece (20) → the pull-down type force sensor (25).
By changing the screwing lengths of the adjusting bolt (3) and the pre-tightening bolt (11) and adjusting the output settings of the piezoelectric actuator (7) and the vibration exciter (21), the evolution rule of friction wear interface parameters under periodic time-varying positive pressure and the influence of the evolution rule on the friction damping effect under different working conditions can be realized. Compared with a common friction and wear tester, the invention has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient adjustment and more real working condition simulation, and can be used for the design and research of related friction and wear structures in different power machines.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a frictional wear experimental apparatus that can realize time-varying positive pressure which characterized in that: the device comprises a supporting frame, a static test piece module, a left bearing module, a right bearing module and a dynamic test piece module; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the supporting frame is an iron bracket provided with a plurality of moving grooves and is fixedly arranged on the workbench through bolts;
the static test piece module comprises an adjusting bolt, a transverse mounting frame, an upper sleeve, an adapter, a piezoelectric actuator, a static piece sleeve and a static test piece; the transverse mounting frame is fixedly connected with the support frame through bolts, and the upper sleeve is mounted on the transverse mounting frame through bolts; the adjusting bolt is connected with the upper sleeve in a matched manner through threads; the piezoelectric actuator is vertically arranged, the upper end and the lower end of the piezoelectric actuator are respectively connected with the upper adapter and the lower adapter through threads, and the piezoelectric actuator penetrates through the upper sleeve and then is tightly sleeved and press-fitted with the adjusting bolt positioned above and the static part positioned below; the lower part of the static piece sleeve is fixedly connected with the static test piece through threads;
the left supporting module comprises a pre-tightening bolt, a left longitudinal mounting frame, a left sleeve, a left pull-press type force sensor and a hinge device; the left longitudinal mounting frame is fixedly connected with the supporting frame through a bolt; the left sleeve is installed on the left longitudinal installation rack through a bolt; the pre-tightening bolt is connected with the left sleeve in a threaded fit manner; the left and right sides of the left pull-press type force sensor are provided with bolts which are respectively connected with a left sleeve on the left side and a hinge device on the right side; the top end of the ejector rod on the right side of the hinge device is provided with threads and is in threaded fit connection with the static part sleeve;
the right supporting module comprises a right longitudinal mounting frame, a right sleeve, a right tension-compression type force sensor and a universal ball bearing; the right longitudinal mounting frame is fixedly connected with the supporting frame through a bolt, and the right sleeve is mounted on the right longitudinal mounting frame through a bolt; the left side and the right side of the right tension-compression type force sensor are provided with bolts which are respectively connected with a right sleeve and a universal ball bearing; the left side of the universal ball bearing is in tight pressure contact with the surface of the static part sleeve;
the dynamic test piece module comprises a dynamic test piece, a dynamic test base, a sliding rail assembly, a vibration exciter, a downward pull-down pressure type force sensor, an I-shaped support, an adjustable clamp, a laser displacement sensor and an acceleration sensor; the I-shaped support and the clamp are arranged on the workbench through bolts; the sliding rail assembly is fixed on the I-shaped bracket through a bolt; the lower part of the movable piece base is fixedly connected with the sliding rail assembly through a bolt, the side surface of the movable piece base is fixedly connected with the vibration exciter through a thread, and the upper part of the movable piece base is fixedly connected with the pull-down pressure type force sensor through a bolt; the upper part of the lower pull-down pressure type force sensor is in threaded connection with the movable test piece; the acceleration sensor is tightly attached to the movable test piece; the laser displacement sensor is arranged on the adjustable clamp, and the position of the laser displacement sensor is reasonably adjusted to enable the laser to just penetrate through the right longitudinal mounting rack and irradiate on the movable test piece.
2. The frictional wear experimental device capable of realizing the time-varying positive pressure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the supporting frame is of a frame structure provided with an upper beam, a middle beam and a lower beam, and each beam is provided with a moving groove with the width of 16 mm; and the cross beam at the lower end of the supporting frame is fixedly connected with the workbench through an M16 bolt.
3. The frictional wear experimental device capable of realizing the time-varying positive pressure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the adjusting bolt is an M20 bolt; the transverse mounting frame is of a plate-shaped support structure with a through groove in the center, two sides of the transverse mounting frame are fixedly connected with a cross beam at the upper end of the supporting frame through 4M 16 bolts, and the position in the x direction is adjusted in a moving groove of the cross beam; the upper sleeve adjusts the position in the y direction in the central through groove of the transverse mounting frame and is fixedly connected with the upper sleeve through an M6 bolt.
4. The frictional wear experimental device capable of realizing the time-varying positive pressure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the static piece sleeve is of a block structure with threaded holes formed in the left side and the lower side, and the static piece is a block with a screw rod arranged above.
5. The frictional wear experimental device capable of realizing the time-varying positive pressure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the adapter can only transmit z-direction pressure but not x-direction shearing force, so that the piezoelectric actuator is prevented from bearing shearing stress, and pre-pressure is ensured to be transmitted only along the z-direction.
6. The frictional wear experimental device capable of realizing the time-varying positive pressure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the pre-tightening bolts are M12 bolts, the left longitudinal mounting frame is of a plate-shaped support structure with a moving groove in the center, the two sides of the left longitudinal mounting frame are fixedly connected with a middle cross beam of the supporting frame through 2M 16 bolts, and the position in the x direction can be adjusted in the moving groove of the cross beam; the left sleeve achieves fine adjustment of the installation position in the z direction in the moving groove of the left longitudinal installation frame and is fixedly connected with the left sleeve through 2M 8 bolts; the hinge device ensures that the piezoelectric actuator only provides z-direction pre-pressure on the static test piece, and avoids the static test piece from being subjected to any shearing force or bending moment.
7. The frictional wear experimental device capable of realizing the time-varying positive pressure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the right longitudinal mounting frame is of a plate-shaped support structure, the center of the right longitudinal mounting frame is provided with a moving groove, two sides of the right longitudinal mounting frame are fixedly connected with a middle cross beam of the supporting frame through 2M 16 bolts, and the position of the right longitudinal mounting frame in the x direction can be adjusted in the moving groove of the cross beam; the right sleeve achieves fine adjustment of the installation position in the z direction in the moving groove of the right longitudinal installation frame and is fixedly connected with the right sleeve through 2M 8 bolts.
8. The frictional wear experimental device capable of realizing the time-varying positive pressure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the sliding rail assembly comprises two rails, and each rail is fixedly connected with the I-shaped support through 7M 5 bolts; a sliding seat is arranged on the track and fixedly connected with the movable piece base through 4M 4 bolts; the vibration exciter provides an exciting force for the movable piece base to realize reciprocating micromotion along the x direction; the movable test piece is of a cylindrical structure with an internal threaded hole at the lower part, a tangent plane is turned on the right side, and the acceleration sensor is tightly attached to the tangent plane; the adjustable clamp consists of a clamp seat, a longitudinal support and a mounting bracket; a through groove is formed in the center of the clamp seat and is fixedly connected with the workbench through an M16 bolt; mounting edges are arranged on two sides of the clamp seat and fixedly connected with the longitudinal support through an M5 bolt; and a longitudinal channel is arranged on the longitudinal support, and the mounting bracket adjusts the position in the z direction in the channel and is fixed through an M5 bolt.
9. A frictional wear test device capable of realizing positive pressure with time varying according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, characterized in that: the experimental device aims at that the object is made of high-temperature alloy material, and a DD6 or GH3536 single-crystal high-temperature alloy is adopted for a static test piece and a dynamic test piece; in the experimental process, the lower surface of the static test piece and the upper surface of the dynamic test piece generate time-varying positive pressure with the average amplitude of 50N to 1000N under the action of the piezoelectric actuator, and the frequency is 50Hz to 400 Hz; the vibration exciter acts on the movable test piece to enable the movable test piece to generate micro displacement of 10-50 microns, and the vibration exciting frequency is 50-400 Hz; the static test piece is kept still all the time, so that the contact surface of the static test piece and the dynamic test piece generates friction abrasion due to high-frequency reciprocating micromotion; the acceleration sensor is connected to the movable test piece and used for measuring the acceleration condition of the movable test piece; the laser displacement sensor penetrates through a through hole in the right longitudinal mounting frame to measure the tiny displacement change of the movable test piece; the left tension-compression type force sensor and the right tension-compression type force sensor measure the magnitude of the x-direction friction force borne by the static test piece, and the lower tension-compression type force sensor measures the magnitude of the z-direction positive pressure force borne by the dynamic test piece; after the data of the relative displacement and the friction force of each period are obtained, friction and wear interface parameters are obtained through drawing hysteresis loops under different positive pressures, and finally, the influence rule of the time-varying positive pressure on the mechanical property evolution of the friction pair interface is obtained.
10. The frictional wear experimental device capable of realizing the time-varying positive pressure as claimed in claim 9, wherein: the hinge device and the universal ball bearing ensure that the x-direction friction force and the x-direction pre-tightening force borne by the static test piece are only tangentially conducted along a complete transmission chain of the pre-tightening bolt → the left sleeve → the left pull-press type force sensor → the hinge → the static test piece sleeve → the universal ball bearing → the right pull-press type force sensor → the right sleeve; the upper adapter and the lower adapter ensure that the z-direction pretightening force provided by the adjusting bolt and the z-direction periodic time-varying positive pressure provided by the piezoelectric actuator are only conducted normally along a complete transmission chain of the adjusting bolt → the upper sleeve → the upper adapter → the piezoelectric actuator → the lower adapter → the static sleeve and the static test piece → the dynamic test piece → the lower pull-down pressure type force sensor.
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