CN105043976A - Test device for dynamically measuring fretting pair frictional coefficient during fretting fatigue process and test method - Google Patents
Test device for dynamically measuring fretting pair frictional coefficient during fretting fatigue process and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105043976A CN105043976A CN201510451693.0A CN201510451693A CN105043976A CN 105043976 A CN105043976 A CN 105043976A CN 201510451693 A CN201510451693 A CN 201510451693A CN 105043976 A CN105043976 A CN 105043976A
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Abstract
The invention provides a test device for dynamically measuring fretting pair frictional coefficient during the fretting fatigue process. A frictional coefficient measurement component realizes the fretting working condition and dynamically measures the frictional coefficient of a fretting pair formed by the cooperation of a fretting section and a fretting pad of a test piece during the fretting fatigue process; a normal force loading component realizes load applying in the horizontal direction; an upper-end fixing component realizes the fixing of the test piece and a clamp body; the horizontal direction loading in the fretting fatigue test is realized by adopting a hydraulic system; the loading system adopts a closed force system frame structure; the piston rods of hydraulic cylinders pushes the fretting pad to clamp a sliding block to move in a sliding groove in the clamp body; the frictional coefficient measurement component is fixed on the upper-end fixing component through a pin bolt; in the vertical direction, except the own gravity and the gravity of the hydraulic cylinder, the frictional coefficient measurement component only receives the frictional force produced due to fretting action between the test piece and the fretting pad; by adhering a strain piece to the working section of the clamp body and calibrating, dynamic monitoring of the frictional coefficient of the fretting pair during the fretting fatigue test process is realized.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to test unit and the test method of the secondary friction factor of fine motion in a kind of kinetic measurement fretting fatigue process, it belongs to material and structural member life appraisal experimental technique field.
Background technology:
Aeromotor is the heart of aircraft, complex structure, all there is fretting fatigue in sizable a part of parts, wherein some is key component, as connecting of pneumatic plant and the turbine disk and blade, the connection etc. of dish and axle, for the component of some high life, due to the impact of fretting fatigue, the life-span can decline more than 30%, if underestimate this phenomenon, the root that accident produces just may be become.Fretting fatigue belongs to contact problems, and the principal element affecting the fretting fatigue life-span has: slippage amplitude, contact, load frequency, gaseous environment and humidity, outer year size and type, Frotteurism etc.If friction factor is zero, fine motion surface does not have the transmission of friction force, and also just do not have fretting damage, this fully shows the impact of Frotteurism on the fretting fatigue life-span is huge.In fretting fatigue life prediction, other major influence factors are subject to concern and the research of numerous scholars, but its Frotteurism all supposes that it remains unchanged, but in whole fretting fatigue process, its Frotteurism changes.So measurement is carried out to the secondary friction factor of fine motion in fretting fatigue process and can predict the fretting fatigue life-span more accurately, significant.
Comparatively difficulty is measured to the secondary friction factor of fine motion in fretting fatigue process, main because the technical matters of three aspects:
(1) fretting fatigue is non-proportional loading problem, and conventional friction coefficient measurement instrument cannot provide fretting fatigue operating mode as: ball disk-type friction is secondary, reciprocating friction is secondary, can only measure the friction factor between Conventional contact pair.
(2) in order to obtain size and the situation of change thereof of the secondary friction factor of fine motion in fretting fatigue process, need omnidistance to its monitoring, this requires that the measurement of friction factor and fretting fatigue testing carry out and omnidistance record simultaneously, and this point implements has difficulty.
(3) in order to ensure the validity of the data recorded, must ensure carry out measuring while fretting fatigue testing carries out and fretting fatigue operating mode can not be affected, the collection of friction force can not be disturbed conversely.
In the prior art, the Biaxial Fatigue machine just involved great expense at last can not all meet above requirement, existing cooperation single shaft fatigue testing machine carries out the charger of fretting fatigue testing, many employings stress loop structure, loaded by bolt, but screw thread loading scheme driving force is little, and easily cause being threaded loosening owing to vibrating in fatigue process, thus cause loading normal force and change.In order to reduce experimentation cost and reach test objective, the measurement for the secondary friction factor of fine motion in fretting fatigue process is needed to carry out the design of clamping device.
Summary of the invention:
The invention provides test unit and the test method of the secondary friction factor of fine motion in a kind of kinetic measurement fretting fatigue process, it coordinates common single shaft repeated tension and compression test machine, carry out biaxial loadings fretting fatigue testing, the friction factor in kinetic measurement fretting fatigue process between testpieces and fine motion pad.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme: the test unit of the secondary friction factor of fine motion in a kind of kinetic measurement fretting fatigue process, comprises friction coefficient measurement assembly, normal direction charging assembly and upper end fixation kit, wherein:
Friction coefficient measurement assembly comprises clamp body, M6 hold-down bolt, fine motion pad clamping slide block, be fixed on the fine motion pad in fine motion pad clamping slide block, and the first holddown plate be assemblied on fine motion pad clamping slide block upper surface and the second holddown plate, described clamp body comprise be located thereon end and alternate the first suspended portion that separates in left and right and the second suspended portion, the first working portion formed respectively to downward-extension from the lower end of the first suspended portion and the lower end of the second suspended portion and the second working portion, base for supporting below the first working portion and the second working portion and extending and groove between the first working portion and the second working portion through the vertical direction of base for supporting upper and lower surface, in described groove, testpieces is installed, described base for supporting comprises stage portion and is positioned at the installation portion on stage portion upper surface, described installation portion is positioned at the groove left and right sides and is respectively equipped with a chute, described fine motion pad clamping slide block is arranged in chute and can moves in the horizontal direction left and right,
Normal force charging assembly comprises hydraulic cylinder, be welded in hydraulic cylinder together with flange, the hydraulic cylinder piston rod be arranged in hydraulic cylinder, flange pull bar and the M12 nut that flange pull bar is fixed on flange, the end of described hydraulic cylinder piston rod extends beyond outside flange and the end of hydraulic cylinder piston rod is resisted against to provide normal load on fine motion pad clamping slide block, and the lower surface of described flange is supported in stage portion;
Upper end fixation kit comprises tuning fork, pin and M14 nut, tuning fork, upper clamp body and testpieces is installed on together after described pin is arranged in tuning fork, upper clamp body and testpieces by described M14 nut.
Further, the two sides, front and back of described first working portion and the second working portion symmetry are pasted with foil gauge respectively.
Further, the front surface of described base for supporting offers one in order to observe the view window whether testpieces be arranged in groove has crackle to occur.
Further, described installation portion is positioned at the threaded hole matched with M6 hold-down bolt that the position on the right side of the first suspended portion and the position be positioned on the left of the second suspended portion are formed with two fore-and-aft directions arrangements respectively.
Further, described fine motion pad clamping slide block offers the draw-in groove being used for fixing fine motion pad.
Further, described first suspended portion and the second suspended portion are formed with a circular hole respectively.
Further, described tuning fork comprises gripping section and is positioned at the linkage section below gripping section, described linkage section includes alternate the first linkage section of separating and the second linkage section, first linkage section and the second linkage section are formed with a perforation respectively, described testpieces comprises connecting portion and is positioned at the fine motion section below connecting portion, connecting portion is formed a perforate, and described perforation, circular hole and perforate align in left and right, are carried tightly after described pin is arranged in perforation, circular hole and perforate by M14 nut.
The present invention also adopts following technical scheme: the test method of the test unit of the secondary friction factor of fine motion in a kind of kinetic measurement fretting fatigue process, it comprises the steps:
A () pastes foil gauge respectively on the first working portion of clamp body and the two sides, front and back of the second working portion symmetry, and access strainmeter, be used for surveying work section occur distortion, together with by pin and M14 nut tuning fork, clamp body and testpieces being installed on, the upper end of tuning fork and fatigue tester upper grip are connected as a single entity;
B the fine motion pad clamping slide block that fine motion pad is housed is filled in clamp body left and right chute in the horizontal direction by (), symmetrically respectively fill in one, be positioned over by flange in the stage portion of clamp body, normal direction pull bar is connected on flange by M12 nut;
C () regulates the position of fatigue tester entablature, testpieces lower end is made to fall in fatigue tester lower chuck, first fatigue tester load sensor is reset, eliminate the initial load that the weight of charger own causes, then lower chuck is clamped the lower end of testpieces, testing machine control program is set as load control mode, applies initial load but lower than fatigue load minimum value;
D () slowly regulates the pressure regulator valve of horizontal direction hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic cylinder piston rod is slowly stretched out and is compacted on fine motion pad clamping slide block, make two fine motion pad clamping slide blocks simultaneously to central motion, until the fine motion pad be installed in fine motion pad clamping slide block supports to the both sides testing part, observe precision pressure meter reading, increase pressure gradually, until predetermined load value;
E the applying of () normal load terminates after, by M6 hold-down bolt, the first holddown plate and the second holddown plate are assembled on clamp body, compress the upper surface of the fine motion pad clamping slide block of the left and right sides;
(f) Control experiment machine servo actuator, fatigue tester piston is moved downward, initial tensile force is applied to testpieces, observe load sensor reading, stop when being loaded on the average of fatigue load, the fatigue program module of Control experiment machine control program, sets average and the amplitude of fatigue load, starts to carry out fretting fatigue testing;
G () makes fine motion pad and clamp body be connected as a single entity by the first holddown plate and the second holddown plate, due to moving up and down of testing machine piston, testpieces is caused to move up and down, Relative sliding is by a small margin produced between the surface of contact of testpieces and fine motion pad, after certain cycle index, fretting fatigue cracks can be there is, after starting test, strainmeter record be strain because friction force between testpieces and fine motion pad causes, in advance clamp body first working portion and the second working portion are demarcated, just corresponding friction force size can be calculated according to the strain size of strainmeter record, in process of the test, horizontal direction magnitude of load remains unchanged, the size of the secondary friction factor of fine motion in fretting fatigue experimentation can be calculated by Coulomb friction law.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) the present invention can carry out fretting fatigue testing under the cooperation of single shaft repeated tension and compression test machine, does not need to introduce biaxial fatigue test machine again, reduces experimentation cost;
(2) fastening by the hexagon socket head cap screw of 4 M6 after holddown plate and fine motion pad clamping slide block upper surface interference fit, prevent the toppling over and the stress raisers that cause in the horizontal direction of fine motion pad in process of the test, improve the reliability of test findings;
(3) horizontal direction hydraulic loading system adopts confining force system framed structure, horizontal direction exports without external force, the loading of the fatigue tester of vertical direction can not be had influence on, the normal direction pretightning force of horizontal direction applies to adopt hydraulic loading system to realize, hydraulic loaded can provide the stable load continued, load than plain bolt and larger driving force can be provided, and will imposed load be caused due to vibration to change in fatigue process;
(4) clamp body not only provides fine motion operating mode, also has active section, can be measured by the mode of pasting foil gauge monitor strain in fretting fatigue process due to microstrain that friction force between testpieces and fine motion pad causes, and then draw friction force, calculate friction factor, implementation is simple, and cost is low;
(5) by the omnidistance record of strainmeter, the present invention can monitor size and the situation of change thereof of friction factor in whole fretting fatigue testing process from start to end, the measurement of friction factor and fretting fatigue testing carry out simultaneously, test findings is reliable, for predicting that the fretting fatigue life-span provides safeguard more accurately.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is the integral installation distribution structure schematic diagram of the test unit of the secondary friction factor of fine motion in kinetic measurement fretting fatigue process of the present invention.
The test unit that Fig. 2 is the secondary friction factor of fine motion in the fretting fatigue of kinetic measurement shown in Fig. 1 process is at the cut-open view of the front and back plane of symmetry.
Fig. 3 is the structural drawing of tuning fork.
Fig. 4 is the structural drawing of clamp body.
Fig. 5 is the structural drawing of slide block.
Fig. 6 is the structural drawing of hydraulic cylinder.
Fig. 7 is the structural drawing of fine motion pad.
Fig. 8 is the structural drawing of testpieces.
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of the normal force hydraulic system be connected with normal force charging assembly.
Figure 10 is T-shaped element structure figure.
Figure 11 is that fixture demarcates assembly structure figure.
Wherein:
1-friction coefficient measurement assembly; 2-normal direction charging assembly; 3-upper end fixation kit; 11-clamp body; 12-first holddown plate; 13-second holddown plate; 14-M6 hold-down bolt; 15-fine motion pad clamping slide block; 16-fine motion pad; 110-first suspended portion; 111-first working portion; 112-chute; 113-base for supporting; 1130-stage portion; 1131-installation portion; 114-groove; 115-view window; 116-threaded hole; 117-second suspended portion; 118-second working portion; 119-circular hole; 2-normal force charging assembly; 21-hydraulic cylinder; 210-first hydraulic cylinder; 211-second hydraulic cylinder; 22-flange pull bar; 23-M12 nut; 24-hydraulic cylinder piston rod; 240-first hydraulic cylinder piston rod; 241-second hydraulic cylinder piston rod; 25-flange; 250-first flange; 251-second flange; 31-tuning fork; 310-gripping section; 311-linkage section; 3110-first linkage section; 3111-second linkage section; 3112-bores a hole; 32-pin; 33-M14 nut; 34-testpieces; 341-connecting portion; 340-fine motion section; 342-perforate.
Embodiment:
Please refer to shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 8, in kinetic measurement fretting fatigue process of the present invention, the test unit of the secondary friction factor of fine motion comprises friction coefficient measurement assembly 1, normal force charging assembly 2 and upper end fixation kit 3.
Friction coefficient measurement assembly 1 comprises clamp body 11, be installed on the first holddown plate 12 on clamp body 11 and the second holddown plate 13, M6 hold-down bolt 14, fine motion pad clamping slide block 15 and fine motion pad 16.Wherein clamp body 11 comprise be located thereon end and alternate the first suspended portion 110 and the second suspended portion 117 separated in left and right, from the first working portion 111 and the second working portion 118 that the lower end of the first suspended portion 110 and the lower end of the second suspended portion 117 are formed respectively to downward-extension, base for supporting 113 below the first working portion 111 and the second working portion 118 and extending and groove 114 between the first working portion 111 and the second working portion 118 through the vertical direction of base for supporting 113 upper and lower surface.First suspended portion 110 and the second suspended portion 117 are formed with a circular hole 119 respectively.By pasting foil gauge on the first working portion 111 and the second working portion 118, before test, clamp body 11 being demarcated, namely calculating the size of corresponding friction force by strain size.Base for supporting 113 comprises stage portion 1130 and is positioned at the installation portion 1131 on stage portion 1130 upper surface, installation portion 1131 is positioned at groove 114 left and right sides and is respectively equipped with a chute 112, fine motion pad clamping slide block 15 is arranged in chute 112 and can moves in left and right horizontal direction, wherein left and right chute 12 is symmetric along axis, bottom, in same level position, ensures the symmetry that experiment loads.Whether the front surface of base for supporting 113 view window 115, observing by this view window 115 testpieces 34 be arranged in groove 114 has crackle to occur if offering.Installation portion 1131 is positioned at the threaded hole 116 that the position on the right side of the first suspended portion 110 and the position be positioned on the left of the second suspended portion 117 are formed with two fore-and-aft directions arrangements respectively, fine motion pad clamping slide block 15 offers the draw-in groove 150 being used for fixing fine motion pad 16, it is fastening by the hexagon socket head cap screw of 4 M6 after first holddown plate 12 and the second holddown plate 13 clamp the upper surface interference fit of slide block 15 with fine motion pad, prevent fine motion pad 16 in experimentation from toppling in the horizontal direction, first holddown plate 12 and the second holddown plate 13 just assemble to get on to compress after normal load is loaded into default operating mode, can ensure that horizontal direction load applying is unaffected.
The flange 25 that normal force charging assembly 2 comprises hydraulic cylinder 21, flange pull bar 22, M12 nut 23, hydraulic cylinder piston rod 24 and is welded as a whole with hydraulic cylinder 21.Hydraulic cylinder 21 comprises the first hydraulic cylinder 210 and the second hydraulic cylinder 211 being positioned at stage portion 1130 left and right sides, wherein the right end of the first hydraulic cylinder 210 and the left-end point of the second hydraulic cylinder 211 are welded with the first flange 250 and the lower surface of the second flange 251, first flange 250 and the lower surface of the second flange 251 respectively and are supported in respectively in the stage portion 1130 of installation portion 1131 both sides.Hydraulic cylinder piston rod 24 comprises the first hydraulic cylinder piston rod 240 be arranged in the first hydraulic cylinder 210 and the second hydraulic cylinder piston rod 241 be arranged in the second hydraulic cylinder 211, wherein the axis of the first hydraulic cylinder piston rod 240 and the second hydraulic cylinder piston rod 241 in the horizontal direction, and pass through the assembly center of testpieces 34 and fine motion pad 16.Normal direction pull bar 22 includes four of to be connected to by M12 nut 23 on first flange 250 and the second flange 251, wherein every root normal direction pull bar 22 wears all simultaneously and is connected on the first flange 250 and the second flange 251, and screws respectively at left and right two end of every root normal direction pull bar 22 and be provided with a M12 nut 23.In the present invention, normal force is loaded by normal force charging assembly 2, it can provide continual and steady comparatively large driving force, horizontal direction normal force is loaded on fine motion pad clamping slide block 15, its reacting force is passed to flange by hydraulic cylinder, finally be delivered on four root flange pull bars, the confining force system framed structure that formation one is complete in the horizontal direction, exports without external force, and hydraulic pressure is by selecting special hydraulic cylinder, it is convenient to measure.
Refer to Fig. 9, the hydraulic lock control element that the normal force hydraulic system of normal force charging assembly 2 is consisted of remote pressure regulating valve, piloted reducer, three-position four-way electromagnetic directional valve, superposition hydraulic control one-way valve and superposition one-way throttle valve controls, can ensure that in hydraulic cylinder 21, A chamber oil pressure is stablized, externally can provide continual and steady load, compare in conventional threads load mode, screw thread load driver power can be overcome little, and the phenomenon that in fatigue process, vibration causes the loosening load that is threaded to decline.
When being loaded by normal force charging assembly 2 in the horizontal direction, in order to ensure that horizontal loading apparatus can not produce the additional force in horizontal direction to clamp body 11, adopt 4 root flange pull bars 22 to be directly connected by M12 nut 23 with the second flange 251 by first flange 250, hydraulic cylinder 21, flange 25, hydraulic cylinder piston rod 24 and flange pull bar 22 entirety forms a closed power system framed structure.Therefore, the horizontal thrust that the first hydraulic cylinder 210 in whole confining force system framed structure and the second hydraulic cylinder 211 are subject to will be shared by four root flange pull bars 22, every root flange pull bar two ends will be subject to equal-sized horizontal pull effect and keep equilibrium state, ensure that the normal load that hydraulic cylinder provides stably is applied on fine motion pad clamping slide block 15, export without external force in the horizontal direction simultaneously.
Upper end fixation kit 3 comprises tuning fork 31, pin 32, M14 nut 33 and testpieces 34, tuning fork 31 comprises the gripping section 310 be directly held on common single shaft fatigue testing machine upper grip and the linkage section 311 be positioned at below gripping section 310, linkage section 311 includes alternate the first linkage section 3110 and the second linkage section 3111 separated, and the first linkage section 3110 and the second linkage section 3111 are formed with a perforation 3112 respectively.Testpieces 34 comprises connecting portion 341 and is positioned at the thinner fine motion section 340 below connecting portion 341, and connecting portion 341 is formed a perforate 342.Testpieces 34 is arranged in groove 114, perforate 342, circular hole 119 and perforation 3112 are aligned in the lateral direction, carried tightly by M14 nut 33 after pin 32 right-to-left is arranged in perforation 3112, circular hole 119 and perforate 342, and then tuning fork 31, clamp body 11 and testpieces 34 are carried tightly in together.The gripping section 310 of tuning fork 31 is directly held on common single shaft fatigue testing machine upper grip, can be elevated with testing machine entablature in the vertical direction, is convenient in experimentation its mounting or dismounting or adjustment position; Testpieces 34 lower end is held on testing machine lower chuck.
Please refer to shown in Fig. 1 to Figure 11, the test method of the test unit of the secondary friction factor of fine motion in kinetic measurement fretting fatigue process of the present invention, concrete steps are as follows:
A () pastes foil gauge respectively on the first working portion 111 of clamp body 11 and the two sides, front and back of the second working portion 118 symmetry, and access strainmeter, be used for surveying work section occur distortion, the gripping section 310 of tuning fork 31 is held on the upper grip of fatigue tester, first suspended portion 110 and the second suspended portion 117 are positioned between the first linkage section 3110 and the second linkage section 3111, pin 32 right-to-left or (from left to right) are arranged in tuning fork 31, tightened by M14 nut 33 after clamp body 11, by pin 32, clamp body 11 is fixed on tuning fork 31, be connected as a single entity with testing machine upper grip, and can be elevated along with fatigue tester entablature, the T1 section of the T-shaped component being used for demarcating is passed in the left and right chute 112 in the horizontal direction of clamp body 11, T2 section is arranged in T1 section via the vertical groove 114 of clamp body 11 and extends out downwards and be held on testing machine lower chuck, start fatigue tester, enter static test, load on rate, the record registration of 4 foil gauges and the load value of correspondence, clamp body 11 is demarcated, obtain calibration curve,
B () takes off T-shaped component, assembling test part 34, fine motion pad 16 is put into the draw-in groove 150 of fine motion pad clamping slide block 15, then towards interior, the fine motion pad clamping slide block 15 that fine motion pad 16 is housed is filled in clamp body 11 left and right chute 112 in the horizontal direction with F, symmetrically respectively fill in one, by the first flange 250 of the first hydraulic cylinder 210 and the symmetrical stage portion 1130 being positioned over clamp body 11 of the second flange 251 of the second hydraulic cylinder 211, normal direction pull bar 22 is connected on the first flange 250 and the second flange 251 by M12 nut 23, every root normal direction pull bar two ends will be subject to equal-sized horizontal pull effect and keep equilibrium state, ensure that the normal load that hydraulic cylinder provides stably is applied on fine motion pad clamping slide block 15, export without external force in the horizontal direction simultaneously,
C () regulates the position of fatigue tester entablature, testpieces lower end is made to fall in fatigue tester lower chuck, first fatigue tester load sensor is reset, eliminate the initial load that the weight of charger own causes, then lower chuck is clamped the lower end of testpieces, testing machine control program is set as load control mode, applies initial load but lower than fatigue load minimum value;
D () slowly regulates the pressure regulator valve of horizontal direction hydraulic cylinder, the first hydraulic cylinder piston rod 240 in first hydraulic cylinder 210 and the second hydraulic cylinder piston rod 241 in the second hydraulic cylinder 211 are slowly stretched out and is compacted on fine motion pad clamping slide block, make two fine motion pad clamping slide blocks to central motion, until the fine motion pad be installed in fine motion pad clamping slide block is positioned at the both sides of testpieces, as shown in Figure 2, observe precision pressure meter reading, increase pressure gradually, until predetermined load value;
Step (d) is specific as follows: hydraulic cylinder is compressed knob and rotate to pressing position, the valve port that three-position four-way electromagnetic directional valve is connected with the A chamber of hydraulic cylinder 21 is opened, the oil-in of hydraulic system is communicated with A chamber, superpose hydraulic control one-way valve hydraulic system oil return opening is connected with hydraulic cylinder B chamber simultaneously, such A chamber oil-feed, the oil return of B chamber, hydraulic cylinder piston rod 24 Hui Xiang moves at center, the remote pressure regulating valve of slow adjustment normal force charging assembly, control the pressure of piloted reducer, make to continue oil-filled and supercharging in the A chamber of the first hydraulic cylinder 210 and the second hydraulic cylinder 211, hydraulic cylinder piston rod 24 slowly stretches out and compresses the outer face of fine motion pad clamping slide block 15, examine the precision pressure meter reading be communicated with A chamber.Owing to have employed the superposing control element of three-position four-way electromagnetic directional valve and superposition hydraulic control one-way valve and superposition one-way throttle valve composition, in the process of pressurization, A cavity pressure oil is uniflux, when namely not commutating, A cavity pressure only increases, so pressure regulation process must slowly and evenly, until be adjusted to predetermined pressure, keep 1 to 2 minute, observe precision pressure meter reading, guarantee that pressure keeps continual and steady.Owing to adopting three-position four-way electromagnetic directional valve and the combination superposing hydraulic control one-way valve, the unidirectional oil-feed in A chamber in pressure process, the unidirectional oil return in B chamber, and superposition hydraulic control one-way valve can suppress the refluence of hydraulic oil, so just can ensure the stable of A cavity pressure, A cavity pressure can not be caused due to the interference of extraneous vibration to fluctuate, can ensure that horizontal direction applies constant load.Need superposition one-way throttle valve to be adjusted in horizontal direction hydraulic loaded process as far as possible little, the movement velocity of hydraulic control cylinder piston rod, keep horizontal left and right directions hydraulic cylinder loading synchronous, ensure that hydraulic cylinder piston rod moves to center with same speed, make left and right fine motion pad 16 be depressed into testpieces 34 fine motion section 340.The reacting force that horizontal direction first hydraulic cylinder 210 and the second hydraulic cylinder 211 produce when applying pressure load, is offset by middle four root flange pull bars 22, forms confining force system framed structure.This loading system does not have acting force in clamp body 11 horizontal direction, vertical direction only exists the load because the weight of hydraulic cylinder own produces, this load is delivered to clamp body 11 by base for supporting 113, finally be passed to testing machine upper grip, the load sensor load reading that only weight need be caused before torture test starts resets.
E the applying of () normal load terminates after, by M6 hold-down bolt 14, first holddown plate 12 and the second holddown plate 13 are assembled on clamp body 11, compress the upper surface U of the fine motion pad clamping slide block 15 of the left and right sides, prevent fine motion pad in process of the test from toppling in the horizontal direction and then causing stress raisers;
F () Control experiment machine servo actuator, makes fatigue tester piston move downward, apply initial tensile force to testpieces, observes load sensor reading, stops when being loaded on the average of fatigue load; The fatigue program module of Control experiment machine control program, sets average and the amplitude of fatigue load, starts to carry out fretting fatigue testing;
G () as seen from Figure 2: clamp body 11 upper end is fixed, compressed by holddown plate, fine motion pad and clamp body 11 are connected as a single entity, due to moving up and down of testing machine piston, cause testpieces to move up and down, produce Relative sliding by a small margin between the mating surface of testpieces and fine motion pad, i.e. fretting wear, after certain cycle index, fretting fatigue cracks can be there is; On vertical direction, clamp body 11 is except being subject to self gravitation and hydraulic cylinder gravity, only be put to the test the friction force produced by relative motion between part and fine motion pad, to during fatigue load average, strainmeter is reset applying initial tensile force to testpieces, the impact on strain of hydraulic cylinder gravity and clamp body gravity can be eliminated; After starting test, strainmeter record be strain because friction force between testpieces and fine motion pad causes, in advance clamp body first working portion 111 and the second working portion 118 are demarcated, just corresponding friction force F size can be calculated according to the strain size of strainmeter record, in process of the test, horizontal direction magnitude of load P remains unchanged, and according to Coulomb friction law μ=F/P, just can calculate size and the situation of change thereof of the secondary coefficientoffrictionμ of fine motion in fretting fatigue experimentation.
In fatigue process, the bang path of vertical direction fatigue load is:
Testing machine applies drag load: when the servo actuator of testing machine moves downward, downward pulling force is applied to lower chuck, load is delivered on pin 32 by testpieces 34, pin 32 coordinates with tuning fork 31, load is delivered to tuning fork 31 by mating surface, and the upper grip of testing machine is delivered to by tuning fork 31 gripping section 310, upper grip is connected with load sensor, and be all fixed on entablature, namely entablature to be locked in about testing machine on two root posts after adjusting position, servo actuator moves downward the drag load caused, finally born pressure to offset by middle two root posts, namely in fatigue process, vertical direction is formed confining force architecture.
Friction coefficient measurement assembly 1 upper end hangs on tuning fork 31 by pin 32, and in process of the test, tuning fork 31 is fixed on testing machine upper grip and keeps motionless, and namely friction coefficient measurement assembly 1 upper end is fixed, due to moving up and down of testing machine piston, testpieces 34 is caused to move up and down, Relative sliding is by a small margin produced between the mating surface of testpieces 34 and fine motion pad 16, produce interactional friction force, fine motion pad 16 and fine motion pad clamp slide block 15 interference fit, friction force reaches fine motion pad by mating surface by fine motion pad 16 surface and clamps slide block 15, compressed by holddown plate, make fine motion pad clamp slide block 15 to be connected as a single entity with clamp body 11, namely friction force clamps slide block 15 by fine motion pad and reaches clamp body 11, what clamp body 11 adopted is suspension solutions, upper end is only had to fix, so friction force is just upwards passed to testing machine upper grip.Clamp body 11 designs the first working portion 111 and the second working portion 118, this section of size is thinner, under friction force effect, produce foil gauge can micrometer strain, by demarcating the first working portion 111 and the second working portion 118 in advance, the size F of the friction force of microstrain numerical values recited that friction force causes and correspondence can be measured.Because normal load P remains unchanged, according to Coulomb friction law, μ=F/P just can calculate size and the situation of change thereof of friction factor in fretting fatigue experimentation.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, can also make some improvement under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, and these improvement also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the test unit of the secondary friction factor of fine motion in kinetic measurement fretting fatigue process, comprises friction coefficient measurement assembly (1), normal direction charging assembly (2) and upper end fixation kit (3), it is characterized in that:
Friction coefficient measurement assembly (1) comprises clamp body (11), M6 hold-down bolt (14), fine motion pad clamping slide block (15), be fixed on the fine motion pad (16) in fine motion pad clamping slide block (15), and be assemblied in fine motion pad clamping slide block (15) upper surface on the first holddown plate (12) and the second holddown plate (13), described clamp body (11) comprise be located thereon end and alternate the first suspended portion (110) that separates in left and right and the second suspended portion (117), the first working portion (111) formed respectively to downward-extension from the lower end of the first suspended portion (110) and the lower end of the second suspended portion (117) and the second working portion (118), be positioned at the base for supporting (113) of the first working portion (111) and the second working portion (118) below and extend and the groove (114) be positioned between the first working portion (111) and the second working portion (118) through the vertical direction of base for supporting (113) upper and lower surface, testpieces (34) is installed in described groove (114), described base for supporting (113) comprises stage portion (1130) and is positioned at the installation portion (1131) on stage portion (1130) upper surface, described installation portion (1131) is positioned at groove (114) left and right sides and is respectively equipped with a chute (112), described fine motion pad clamping slide block (15) is arranged in chute (112) and can moves in the horizontal direction left and right,
Normal force charging assembly (2) comprises hydraulic cylinder (21), flange (25) together with being welded in hydraulic cylinder (21), be arranged at the hydraulic cylinder piston rod (24) in hydraulic cylinder (21), flange pull bar (22) and the M12 nut (23) flange pull bar (22) is fixed on flange (25), the end of described hydraulic cylinder piston rod (24) extends beyond outside flange (25) and the end of hydraulic cylinder piston rod (24) is resisted against on fine motion pad clamping slide block (15) to provide normal load, the lower surface of described flange (25) is supported in stage portion (1130),
Upper end fixation kit (3) comprises tuning fork (31), pin (32) and M14 nut (33), and described pin (32) is arranged in tuning fork (31), upper clamp body (11) and testpieces (34) and tuning fork (31), upper clamp body (11) and testpieces (34) is installed on together by described M14 nut (33) afterwards.
2. the test unit of the secondary friction factor of fine motion in kinetic measurement fretting fatigue process as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the two sides, front and back of described first working portion (111) and the second working portion (118) symmetry are pasted with foil gauge respectively.
3. the test unit of the secondary friction factor of fine motion in kinetic measurement fretting fatigue process as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: on the front surface of described base for supporting (113), offer one in order to observe the view window (115) being arranged in the testpieces (34) in groove (114) and whether having crackle to occur.
4. the test unit of the secondary friction factor of fine motion in kinetic measurement fretting fatigue process as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: the position described installation portion (1131) being positioned at the first suspended portion (110) right side and the position being positioned at the second suspended portion (117) left side are formed with the threaded hole (116) matched with M6 hold-down bolt (14) of two fore-and-aft directions arrangements respectively.
5. the test unit of the secondary friction factor of fine motion in kinetic measurement fretting fatigue process as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: described fine motion pad clamping slide block (15) offers the draw-in groove (150) being used for fixing fine motion pad (16).
6. the test unit of the secondary friction factor of fine motion in kinetic measurement fretting fatigue process as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: on described first suspended portion (110) and the second suspended portion (117), be formed with a circular hole (119) respectively.
7. the test unit of the secondary friction factor of fine motion in kinetic measurement fretting fatigue process as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: described tuning fork (31) comprises gripping section (310) and is positioned at the linkage section (311) of gripping section (310) below, described linkage section (311) includes alternate the first linkage section (3110) of separating and the second linkage section (3111), first linkage section (3110) and the second linkage section (3111) are formed with a perforation (3112) respectively, described testpieces (34) comprises connecting portion (341) and is positioned at the fine motion section (340) of connecting portion (341) below, connecting portion (341) is formed a perforate (342), described perforation (3112), circular hole (119) and perforate (342) align in left and right, described pin (32) is arranged in perforation (3112), circular hole (119) and perforate (342) are carried tightly by M14 nut (33) afterwards.
8. the test method of the test unit of the secondary friction factor of fine motion in kinetic measurement fretting fatigue process, is characterized in that: comprise the steps
A () pastes foil gauge respectively on first working portion (111) of clamp body (11) and the two sides, front and back of the second working portion (118) symmetry, and access strainmeter, be used for surveying work section occur distortion, by pin (32) and M14 nut (33), tuning fork (31), clamp body (11) and testpieces (34) are installed on together, the upper end of tuning fork (31) and fatigue tester upper grip are connected as a single entity;
B fine motion pad clamping slide block (15) that fine motion pad (16) is housed is filled in clamp body (11) left and right chute (112) in the horizontal direction by (), symmetrically respectively fill in one, be positioned over by flange (25) in the stage portion (1130) of clamp body (11), normal direction pull bar (22) is connected on flange (25) by M12 nut (23);
C () regulates the position of fatigue tester entablature, testpieces (34) lower end is made to fall in fatigue tester lower chuck, first fatigue tester load sensor is reset, eliminate the initial load that the weight of charger own causes, then lower chuck is clamped the lower end of testpieces, testing machine control program is set as load control mode, applies initial load but lower than fatigue load minimum value;
D () slowly regulates the pressure regulator valve of horizontal direction hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic cylinder piston rod (24) is slowly stretched out and is compacted on fine motion pad clamping slide block (15), make two fine motion pads clamping slide block (15) simultaneously to central motion, until the fine motion pad (16) be installed in fine motion pad clamping slide block (15) supports to the both sides testing part (34), observe precision pressure meter reading, increase pressure gradually, until predetermined load value;
E the applying of () normal load terminates after, by M6 hold-down bolt (14), the first holddown plate (12) and the second holddown plate (13) are assembled on clamp body (11), compress the upper surface of fine motion pad clamping slide block (15) of the left and right sides;
(f) Control experiment machine servo actuator, fatigue tester piston is moved downward, initial tensile force is applied to testpieces (34), observe load sensor reading, stop when being loaded on the average of fatigue load, the fatigue program module of Control experiment machine control program, sets average and the amplitude of fatigue load, starts to carry out fretting fatigue testing;
G () makes fine motion pad (16) and clamp body (11) be connected as a single entity by the first holddown plate (12) and the second holddown plate (13), due to moving up and down of testing machine piston, testpieces (34) is caused to move up and down, Relative sliding is by a small margin produced between the surface of contact of testpieces (34) and fine motion pad (16), after certain cycle index, fretting fatigue cracks can be there is, after starting test, strainmeter record be strain because friction force between testpieces (34) and fine motion pad (16) causes, in advance clamp body first working portion (111) and the second working portion (118) are demarcated, just corresponding friction force size can be calculated according to the strain size of strainmeter record, in process of the test, horizontal direction magnitude of load remains unchanged, the size of the secondary friction factor of fine motion in fretting fatigue experimentation can be calculated by Coulomb friction law.
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