CN113685817A - Three-section type waste incineration system and method - Google Patents

Three-section type waste incineration system and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113685817A
CN113685817A CN202110919229.5A CN202110919229A CN113685817A CN 113685817 A CN113685817 A CN 113685817A CN 202110919229 A CN202110919229 A CN 202110919229A CN 113685817 A CN113685817 A CN 113685817A
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chamber
pyrolysis
grate
gas
gasification
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CN113685817B (en
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陆鹏
岑超平
叶绿萌
闫显辉
陈雄波
方平
陈定盛
陈冬瑶
唐志雄
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South China Institute of Environmental Science of Ministry of Ecology and Environment
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South China Institute of Environmental Science of Ministry of Ecology and Environment
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/002Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor characterised by their grates
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F23G5/165Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber arranged at a different level
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/442Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G5/444Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50Control or safety arrangements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23JREMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/022Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23JREMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J7/00Arrangement of devices for supplying chemicals to fire

Abstract

A three-section garbage incineration system comprises a pyrolysis chamber, a mixed gasification chamber, a gas-phase burnout chamber and a solid-phase burnout chamber, wherein a first reciprocating grate is arranged in the pyrolysis chamber, a second reciprocating grate is arranged in the mixed gasification chamber, a third reciprocating grate is arranged in the solid-phase burnout chamber, the first reciprocating grate, the second reciprocating grate and the third reciprocating grate are sequentially connected, the upper area of the second reciprocating grate and the upper area of the third reciprocating grate are communicated with the gas-phase burnout chamber, a second exhaust structure is arranged on the gas-phase burnout chamber, a first exhaust structure is arranged on the pyrolysis chamber, the three-section garbage incineration method adopts the three-section garbage incineration system, domestic garbage firstly enters the pyrolysis chamber for pyrolysis and then enters the gasification mixed chamber for gasification, and the generated gasified gas and gasified residues respectively enter the gas-phase burnout chamber and the solid-phase burnout chamber for combustion, the three-section garbage incineration system has good treatment effect on the garbage, is not easy to generate dioxin and high-temperature corrosion of the heating surface in the furnace, can realize deep dechlorination, and belongs to the field of environmental engineering.

Description

Three-section type waste incineration system and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of environmental engineering, in particular to a three-section type waste incineration system and a three-section type waste incineration method.
Background
With the rapid development of economy and the continuous acceleration of urbanization process, the production amount of solid wastes is rapidly increased, and the domestic wastes become a key factor restricting social development, so that the domestic wastes not only occupy a large amount of land, but also cause great harm to the ecological environment and human health.
The incineration is used as a main mode for disposing the municipal solid waste, the volume reduction and weight reduction effects are obvious, and the energy utilization can be realized. However, the domestic garbage contains a large amount of chlorine-containing components, such as plastics, kitchen waste, rubber, leather, electronic waste and the like, and the mass content of chlorine is between 0.05 and 0.25 percent. In the case of an imperfect garbage classification collection and disposal system, a large amount of chlorine-containing components still enter the garbage incinerator together with other components. Chlorine released in the incineration process mainly enters flue gas in the form of HCl, so that not only can incineration equipment be corroded and soil and water bodies be polluted, but also generation of dioxin which is a highly toxic substance can be caused. Due to the fact thatTherefore, attention must be paid to the control and emission reduction of chlorine in the incineration process of the household garbage. The chlorine of the household garbage incinerator is mainly controlled by two modes of pre-furnace dechlorination and post-furnace dechlorination, the pre-furnace dechlorination depends on perfect garbage classification and scientific sorting, the realization difficulty is high, post-furnace dechlorination needs to be matched with treatment facilities such as a deacidification tower and the like, the operation and maintenance cost is high, and the problems of high-temperature corrosion of a heating surface and dioxin generation caused by chlorine are difficult to avoid. Spraying limestone, slaked lime or CaO, Ca (OH) into the incinerator2The slurry method can also remove HCl in the incineration process, but has the problems of low dechlorination efficiency, complex pulping process, large medicament consumption and the like, and the problem of high-temperature corrosion of a heating surface caused by inorganic chlorine sources such as NaCl and KCl still exists.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention aims to: provides a three-stage garbage incineration system and a three-stage garbage incineration method which are used for incinerating municipal solid wastes and are not easy to generate dioxin and cause high-temperature corrosion of a heating surface in a furnace.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a syllogic waste incineration system, includes the pyrolysis chamber, the mixed gasification chamber, gaseous phase burns the cinder chamber, solid phase burns the cinder chamber, is equipped with first reciprocal grate in the pyrolysis chamber, is equipped with the reciprocal grate of second in the mixed gasification chamber, is equipped with the reciprocal grate of third in the solid phase burns the cinder chamber, and first reciprocal grate, the reciprocal grate of second and the reciprocal grate of third connect gradually, and the top region of the reciprocal grate of second and the top region of the reciprocal grate of third all communicate gaseous phase and burn the cinder chamber, are equipped with second exhaust structure on the gaseous phase burns the cinder chamber, are equipped with first exhaust structure on the pyrolysis chamber.
Preferably, the three-section waste incineration system further comprises a heat exchanger and a flue gas bypass pipe, the second exhaust structure is connected with the heat exchanger through the flue gas bypass pipe, a valve is arranged on the flue gas bypass pipe, and the heat exchanger is connected with the pyrolysis chamber and supplies heat to the pyrolysis chamber.
Preferably, the inclination angles of the first reciprocating grate, the second reciprocating grate and the third reciprocating grate are all in the range of 5-10 degrees.
A three-section type garbage incineration method adopts the three-section type garbage incineration system, and comprises the following steps:
s1, the household garbage is sent into a pyrolysis chamber for pyrolysis, and gas generated by pyrolysis is sent out through a first exhaust structure and is introduced into a deacidification tower for treatment;
s2, the household garbage after pyrolysis is sent into a mixed gasification chamber through the movement of a first reciprocating grate, and combustible solid waste is added into the mixed gasification chamber to be mixed with the household garbage and gasified, so that gasified gas and gasified residues are generated;
and S3, conveying the gasification residues into the solid-phase burn-out chamber for combustion through the movement of the second reciprocating grate to generate flue gas and ash, introducing the flue gas and the gasification gas into the gas-phase burn-out chamber for combustion, spraying an adsorbent into the gas-phase burn-out chamber by using a spray gun, and discharging the burn-out flue gas generated by combustion in the gas-phase burn-out chamber through the second exhaust structure.
Preferably, the household garbage is fed into the pyrolysis chamber by using a screw feeder in step S1, and the combustible solid waste is fed into the mixed gasification chamber by using a screw feeder in step S2.
Preferably, in step S1, the pyrolysis temperature of the pyrolysis chamber is controlled within the range of 250 ℃ to 320 ℃.
Preferably, in step S2, the gasification temperature of the mixed gasification chamber is controlled within the range of 650-800 ℃.
Preferably, in step S2, the equivalent air ratio of the gasification process is controlled to be between 0.5 and 0.8.
Preferably, in step S3, the adsorbent is CaO or CaCO3、Ca(OH)2、MgO、 MgCO3One or more of dolomite, calcite, magnesite and olivine.
The principle of the three-stage refuse incineration dechlorination system and the method is as follows.
The dechlorination reaction in the pyrolysis chamber mainly aims at the organic chlorine source in the household garbage. As an organic chlorine source, PVC plastic is a main source of chlorine element in household garbage, and can release most of chlorine in the form of HCl after pyrolysis at a lower temperature (250-320 ℃) (formula 1)) Therefore, the main chlorine source in the household garbage can be effectively removed by the pyrolysis chamber, the generated HCl is discharged through the first exhaust structure of the pyrolysis chamber, and does not enter the mixed gasification chamber and the burn-out chamber, so that the generation amount of dioxin in the furnace and the tail flue is greatly reduced. In addition, other flammable volatiles (e.g., H) in the range of 250-320 deg.C2、CH4CO, etc.) is less precipitated and does not cause loss of combustible components. The required temperature of the pyrolysis section is lower, and the heat exchange can be provided by the flue gas generated after incineration.
PVC→HCl+de-HCl PVC (1)
de-HCl PVC is the residue of dechlorinated PVC.
In the mixed gasification chamber, the household garbage and the combustible solid waste are mixed and gasified, the combustible solid waste is a low-chlorine material, and the mixed gasification process mainly aims at inorganic chlorine sources (mainly NaCl and KCl) in the household garbage. NaCl and KCl are heated to volatilize and deposit on the high-temperature heating surface, the corrosion effect on the heating surface is obviously stronger than that of HCl, and therefore the NaCl and KCl content in the deposit on the high-temperature heating surface needs to be reduced. The components such as Al, Si, Ca, Fe, S, P and the like in the combustible solid waste with low chlorine content can react with the chlorine salt to generate stable and nonvolatile compounds (formula 2 and formula 3), so that the content of NaCl and KCl in the high-temperature heating surface sediment is reduced, and the risk of high-temperature corrosion of the heating surface is greatly reduced.
Al2Si2O5OH4→Al2O3·2SiO2+2H2O (2)
Al2O3·2SiO2+2MCl→M2O·Al2O3·2SiO2+2HCl (3)
Wherein M may be K or Na.
And (3) spraying an adsorbent into the gas phase burnout chamber to perform chemical reaction (for example, formula 4 and formula 5) with the residual chlorine in the gas phase, so that the content of chlorine in the flue gas is greatly reduced, and deep dechlorination is realized.
CaO+2HCl→CaCl2+H2O (4)
MgO+2HCl→MgCl2+H2O (5)
In summary, the present invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, a three-stage waste incineration system with pyrolysis dechlorination reaction, low-chlorine material mixing, gasification and fixation and adsorbent adsorption in the burning process is adopted, deep dechlorination in the furnace is realized, organic chlorine, inorganic chlorine and residual chlorine are respectively treated in a targeted manner at different stages, the dechlorination efficiency is over 95%, and the problems of dioxin generation and high-temperature corrosion of a heating surface caused by chlorine are effectively avoided.
2. In the invention, combustible solid waste such as sludge, biomass, algae residue and the like is mixed and gasified, so that the synergistic treatment of the combustible solid waste is realized; most chlorine is removed in the dechlorination reaction in the pyrolysis process, so that deep dechlorination can be realized only by adding a small amount of adsorbent in the burning process, the using amount and cost of the medicament are reduced, and the amount of the produced bottom slag is greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a three-stage garbage incineration system.
Wherein, 1 is the pyrolysis chamber, 2 is the mixed gasification chamber, 3 is the solid phase burn-out room, 4 is the gaseous phase burn-out room, 5 is end sediment collection device, 6 is the heat exchanger, 7 is screw feeder, 8 is hydraulic drive device, 9 is the flue gas bypass pipe.
A first reciprocating grate is shown at 11 and a first exhaust structure is shown at 12. 21 is a second reciprocating grate and 22 is a second air inlet. 31 is a third reciprocating grate and 32 is a third air inlet. Burner 41, first air inlet 42 and lance 43.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Example one
As shown in figure 1, a syllogic waste incineration system, including pyrolysis chamber 1, mix gasification chamber 2, gaseous phase after-combustion chamber 4, solid phase after-combustion chamber 3, be equipped with first reciprocal grate 11 in the pyrolysis chamber, be equipped with the reciprocal grate 21 of second in the mix gasification chamber, be equipped with the reciprocal grate 31 of third in the solid phase after-combustion chamber, first reciprocal grate, the reciprocal grate of second and the reciprocal grate of third connect gradually, the top region of the reciprocal grate of second and the top region of the reciprocal grate of third all communicate gaseous phase after-combustion chamber, be equipped with second exhaust structure on the gaseous phase after-combustion chamber, be equipped with first exhaust structure 12 on the pyrolysis chamber.
The utility model provides a syllogic msw incineration system still includes heat exchanger 6, flue gas bypass pipe 9, and the second exhaust structure passes through the flue gas bypass pipe and connects the heat exchanger, is equipped with the valve on the flue gas bypass pipe, and the pyrolysis chamber is connected and for the pyrolysis chamber heat supply to the heat exchanger.
The inclination angles of the first reciprocating grate, the second reciprocating grate and the third reciprocating grate are all in the range of 5-10 degrees.
The gas phase burn-out chamber is provided with a first air inlet 42, the bottom of the second reciprocating grate is provided with a second air inlet 22, the bottom of the third reciprocating grate is provided with a third air inlet 32, and hot air is blown into the first air inlet, the second air inlet and the third air inlet by using blowers respectively during use.
The gas phase ember chamber is provided with a burner 41.
And a bottom slag collecting device 5 is arranged at an outlet of the third reciprocating grate, and bottom slag generated by combustion in the solid-phase combustion chamber enters the bottom slag collecting device. The three-section type garbage incineration method further comprises a screw feeder 7 which is driven by a driving motor to feed, and the first reciprocating grate, the second reciprocating grate and the third reciprocating grate are driven by a hydraulic driving device 8 to operate.
A three-section type garbage incineration method adopts the three-section type garbage incineration system, and comprises the following steps:
s1, the household garbage is sent into a pyrolysis chamber for pyrolysis, and gas generated by pyrolysis is sent out through a first exhaust structure and is introduced into a deacidification tower for treatment;
s2, the household garbage after pyrolysis is sent into a mixed gasification chamber through the movement of a first reciprocating grate, and combustible solid waste is added into the mixed gasification chamber to be mixed with the household garbage and gasified, so that gasified gas and gasified residues are generated;
and S3, conveying the gasification residues into the solid-phase burn-out chamber for combustion through the movement of the second reciprocating grate to generate flue gas and ash, introducing the flue gas and the gasification gas into the gas-phase burn-out chamber for combustion, spraying an adsorbent into the gas-phase burn-out chamber by using the spray gun 43, and discharging the burn-out flue gas generated by combustion in the gas-phase burn-out chamber through the second exhaust structure.
In step S1, the household garbage is fed into the pyrolysis chamber by using the screw feeder, and in step S2, the combustible solid waste is fed into the mixing and gasifying chamber by using the screw feeder.
In step S1, the pyrolysis temperature of the pyrolysis chamber is controlled within the range of 250 ℃ to 320 ℃. The temperature of the pyrolysis chamber can be controlled by controlling the amount of high-temperature flue gas introduced into the heat exchanger. In the temperature range of 250 ℃ and 320 ℃, HCl can be mostly separated out, and other combustible volatile matters are less separated out.
In step S2, the vaporization temperature of the mixing vaporization chamber is controlled within the range of 650-800 ℃. By controlling the amount of air introduced through the second air inlet, the temperature of the gasification chamber can be controlled.
In step S2, the equivalent air ratio of the gasification process is controlled to be between 0.5 and 0.8.
In step S3, the adsorbent is CaO or CaCO3、Ca(OH)2、MgO、MgCO3One or more of dolomite, calcite, magnesite and olivine. The spray gun sprays the adsorbent to adsorb residual chlorine in the gas-phase burn-out chamber, so that deep dechlorination in the furnace is realized.
In this example, the adsorbent is specifically CaO.
Example two
In this example, the adsorbent is specifically dolomite, a natural mineral.
The embodiment is not described in the first embodiment.
EXAMPLE III
In this example, the adsorbents are specifically CaO and MgO.
The embodiment is not described in the first embodiment.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a syllogic waste incineration system which characterized in that: including pyrolysis chamber, mixed gasification chamber, gaseous phase burn-out chamber, solid phase burn-out chamber, be equipped with first reciprocal grate in the pyrolysis chamber, be equipped with the reciprocal grate of second in the mixed gasification chamber, be equipped with the reciprocal grate of third in the solid phase burn-out chamber, first reciprocal grate, the reciprocal grate of second and the reciprocal grate of third connect gradually, the top region of the reciprocal grate of second and the top region of the reciprocal grate of third all communicate gaseous phase burn-out chamber, be equipped with second exhaust structure on the gaseous phase burn-out chamber, be equipped with first exhaust structure on the pyrolysis chamber.
2. A three-stage waste incineration system according to claim 1, wherein: still include heat exchanger, flue gas bypass pipe, the second exhaust structure passes through the flue gas bypass pipe and connects the heat exchanger, is equipped with the valve on the flue gas bypass pipe, and the pyrolysis chamber is connected and supplies heat for the pyrolysis chamber to the heat exchanger.
3. A three-stage waste incineration system according to claim 1, wherein: the inclination angles of the first reciprocating grate, the second reciprocating grate and the third reciprocating grate are all in the range of 5-10 degrees.
4. A three-stage refuse incineration method using the three-stage refuse incineration system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, the household garbage is sent into a pyrolysis chamber for pyrolysis, and gas generated by pyrolysis is sent out through a first exhaust structure and is introduced into a deacidification tower for treatment;
s2, the household garbage after pyrolysis is sent into a mixed gasification chamber through the movement of a first reciprocating grate, and combustible solid waste is added into the mixed gasification chamber to be mixed with the household garbage and gasified, so that gasified gas and gasified residues are generated;
and S3, conveying the gasification residues into the solid-phase burn-out chamber for combustion through the movement of the second reciprocating grate to generate flue gas and ash, introducing the flue gas and the gasification gas into the gas-phase burn-out chamber for combustion, spraying an adsorbent into the gas-phase burn-out chamber by using a spray gun, and discharging the burn-out flue gas generated by combustion in the gas-phase burn-out chamber through the second exhaust structure.
5. A three-stage refuse incineration method according to claim 4, characterized in that: in step S1, the household garbage is fed into the pyrolysis chamber by using the screw feeder, and in step S2, the combustible solid waste is fed into the mixing and gasifying chamber by using the screw feeder.
6. A three-stage refuse incineration method according to claim 4, characterized in that: in step S1, the pyrolysis temperature of the pyrolysis chamber is controlled within the range of 250 ℃ to 320 ℃.
7. A three-stage refuse incineration method according to claim 4, characterized in that: in step S2, the combustible solid waste is one or more of sludge, biomass, and algae residue.
8. A three-stage refuse incineration method according to claim 4, characterized in that: in step S2, the vaporization temperature of the mixing vaporization chamber is controlled within the range of 650-800 ℃.
9. A three-stage refuse incineration method according to claim 4, characterized in that: in step S2, the equivalent air ratio of the gasification process is controlled to be between 0.5 and 0.8.
10. A three-stage refuse incineration method according to claim 4, characterized in that: in step S3, the adsorbent is CaO or CaCO3、Ca(OH)2、MgO、MgCO3One or more of dolomite, calcite, magnesite and olivine.
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