CN113684426B - High-tungsten steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

High-tungsten steel and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN113684426B
CN113684426B CN202111016200.2A CN202111016200A CN113684426B CN 113684426 B CN113684426 B CN 113684426B CN 202111016200 A CN202111016200 A CN 202111016200A CN 113684426 B CN113684426 B CN 113684426B
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tungsten
tungsten steel
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CN113684426A (en
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不公告发明人
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Beijing Yuding Additive Manufacturing Research Institute Co ltd
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Beijing Yuding Zengcai Manufacture Research Institute Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/64—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/04—Hardening by cooling below 0 degrees Celsius
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/001—Austenite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

The invention discloses high-tungsten steel and a preparation method thereof, and the high-tungsten steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.15-0.2% of C, 3.8-4.0% of Cr, 0.9-1.1% of V, 28.0-31.0% of W, 3.0-3.3% of Mo, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The high-tungsten steel of the invention adopts a mode of simultaneously scanning double laser beams to prepare and form materials, can effectively regulate and control the shape and distribution condition of tungsten in the steel, and enables the tungsten to be uniformly and dispersedly distributed in a matrix. Meanwhile, the technological parameters of laser additive manufacturing are reasonably controlled, so that the structure and the performance of the high-tungsten steel are optimized. The invention also provides a heat treatment system for manufacturing the high-tungsten steel YDS013 by the additive, and the heat treatment system adopts a mode of quenching treatment and deep cooling treatment to reduce the content of residual austenite, improve the form of martensite and obtain the optimal performance. The invention provides a feasible method for manufacturing the high-tungsten steel cutting tool and the die part with complex structures.

Description

High-tungsten steel and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for manufacturing alloy steel by using a laser material, in particular to a laser additive manufacturing method of high-tungsten steel.
Background
The high tungsten steel has the characteristics of high hardness, high toughness, high wear resistance and high red hardness, and is widely used for manufacturing high-speed cutting tools, high-load dies and the like. At present, high-tungsten steel parts are mainly manufactured by smelting and casting, and because the solidification speed is slow, a large amount of segregation of carbon and alloy elements is formed before crystallization, so that an intercrystalline carbide network is formed, and the performance of the high-tungsten steel parts is greatly reduced. Meanwhile, when parts with complex shapes and special structures are manufactured, complex machining is often required, the cost is high, and the yield is low.
The metal additive manufacturing technology is an advanced manufacturing technology combining a rapid prototyping technology and a metal cladding technology. In the additive manufacturing process, a high-energy heat source continuously forms a tiny molten pool, and metal raw materials in the tiny molten pool perform metallurgical reaction, so that the preparation of high-performance materials and the manufacturing of complex components can be completed in one step. The high-flexibility characteristic of the additive manufacturing technology can realize the manufacturing of high-performance non-equilibrium materials and complex structures, and the formed member has a rapid solidification non-equilibrium structure without macrosegregation and compact component uniform structure, and has excellent comprehensive mechanical properties. The additive manufacturing technology for directly manufacturing metal parts by utilizing a high-energy heat source is widely applied to the rapid manufacturing or repairing of high-performance key parts in the technologies of aviation, aerospace and national defense. At present, an additive manufacturing technology is already used for preparing formed pieces of materials such as high-temperature alloy, titanium alloy, high-strength steel, metal matrix composite, intermetallic compounds and the like, so that the additive technology such as laser additive is applied to the forming preparation of the high-tungsten steel, and the problems of segregation and low yield existing for a long time in the preparation process of the high-tungsten steel are hopefully solved.
However, the traditional high-tungsten steel has high carbon content, is easy to crack in the solidification process, is difficult to increase materials and manufacture, has low yield, and introduces other forming problems. For this purpose, it is conceivable to reduce the carbon content of the high-tungsten alloy steel and to increase the tungsten content of the alloy steel. However, the excessive tungsten content makes it difficult to efficiently prepare spherical powder, so that the powder feeding requirement required by laser additive manufacturing cannot be met, and the laser additive manufacturing process is difficult to successfully apply.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide high-tungsten steel and a preparation method thereof, which simultaneously realize material preparation and forming by using an additive manufacturing technology.
The invention provides high-tungsten steel, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.15-0.2% of C, 3.8-4.0% of Cr, 0.9-1.1% of V, 28.0-31.0% of W, 3.0-3.3% of Mo, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Further preferably, the high-tungsten steel comprises, by mass: 0.17-0.19% of C, 3.8-3.9% of Cr, 0.95-1.05% of V, 30.5-31.0% of W, 3.15-3.2% of Mo, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Further preferably, the structure of the high-tungsten steel consists of tempered martensite, fine carbides and tungsten in a dispersed manner, and the microhardness is at least 1000 HV.
Secondly, the invention also provides a preparation method of the high-tungsten steel, which comprises the following steps:
1) preparing pre-alloy powder and pure tungsten powder so that the proportion of the pre-alloy powder and the pure tungsten powder meets the component requirement of the high-tungsten steel;
2) adopting double laser beams to scan simultaneously to perform additive manufacturing of the high-tungsten steel, specifically, respectively corresponding the pre-alloy powder and the pure tungsten powder to one laser beam for powder feeding; the laser beam for feeding the pre-alloyed powder is positioned in front of the laser beam for feeding the pure tungsten powder, and the power of the former laser beam is greater than that of the latter laser beam;
3) and performing heat treatment after the laser additive manufacturing is finished.
Further preferably, the pre-alloyed powder comprises, by mass: 0.2-0.26% of C, 4.9-5.2% of Cr, 1.2-1.4% of V, 3.0-3.3% of W, 4.0-4.5% of Mo, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Preferably, the two laser beams are symmetrically distributed relative to the vertical line and form an included angle alpha with the vertical line respectively, wherein the alpha is 10-15 degrees; the sizes of the light spots of the two laser beams are the same; under the condition that the two laser heads do not interfere, the light spot of the latter laser beam is close to the light spot of the former laser beam but does not overlap.
It is further preferred that the power of the latter laser beam is 30-35% of the power of the former laser beam.
Further preferably, the minor axis length of the laser beam is 2-3mm, the laser scanning speed is 300-: 3, the scanning lapping rate is 40-45%.
More preferably, the heat treatment is specifically that the high-tungsten steel after laser additive manufacturing is heated to 1200 ℃ along with a furnace and is kept warm for 1h to enable the high-tungsten steel to be completely austenitized, then quenching is carried out, the quenching is carried out by adopting high-speed low-temperature nitrogen for cooling, then the part is subjected to subzero treatment for 0.75h at-75 ℃ by adopting liquid nitrogen and alcohol, the martensite transformation is further promoted, the residual austenite content is reduced, and then three times of tempering at 560 ℃ are carried out.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, the invention adopts the special double laser beam scanning and double powder feeding process, effectively solves the problems of higher carbon content and additive manufacturing and forming of the traditional high-tungsten steel, realizes a novel additive manufacturing method of the high-tungsten steel, and obtains the novel high-tungsten steel with excellent organization and performance.
Secondly, the additive forming of the high-tungsten steel can be better controlled by controlling the power of the double laser beams.
And thirdly, the structure and the performance of the high-tungsten steel are optimized by optimizing the manufacturing process parameters of laser additive.
Fourthly, the high-tungsten steel after additive manufacturing is subjected to special heat treatment, the structure of the high-tungsten steel is optimized, and the hardness and the wear resistance of the high-tungsten steel are improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a double laser head with double light beam scanning and a molten pool formed correspondingly.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the heat treatment process of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a photograph showing the microstructure of the high tungsten steel obtained in example 1.
FIG. 4 is a photograph showing the microstructure of the high tungsten steel obtained in comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
As mentioned above, the traditional high-tungsten steel has high carbon content, is easy to crack in the solidification process, is difficult to increase and manufacture, and has low yield, the invention aims to develop a novel high-tungsten steel YDS013, the components of which are shown in Table 1, wherein, Cr is added to improve the hardenability and the corrosion resistance to a certain degree, V of about 1% is added to improve the grinding performance, Mo is added to form special secondary hardening carbide which is dispersed and distributed during tempering to improve the wear resistance, Co and Mo are added simultaneously to improve the stability of the alloy martensite thermal decomposition, improve the red hardness of the steel, and prolong the service life of parts. Because the content of carbon is reduced, the content of carbide in steel is reduced, which greatly influences the hardness and wear resistance of the steel, so that the content of tungsten is increased to about 30 percent when the steel composition is designed, and tungsten not only forms carbide in the steel, but also is dispersed and distributed in a matrix. Because the tungsten content of target high-tungsten steel YDS013 is very high, and the solubility of W in molten steel in the traditional metallurgical process is very low, excessive W sinks to the bottom of liquid metal under the action of gravity in the form of W simple substance or WC, so that the W is very unevenly distributed in an ingot after casting; and spherical powder for additive manufacturing cannot be prepared. Therefore, the invention specially designs and prepares spherical prealloyed powder YDS014 (the components are shown in Table 2) with uniform particle size and good surface state, wherein the tungsten content is reduced to 3%, and then adopts a laser additive manufacturing technology to add tungsten powder into a tiny molten pool for in-situ metallurgical preparation.
TABLE 1 YDS013 chemical composition (% by mass)
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002A
TABLE 2 spherical powder YDS014 chemical composition (% by mass)
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
As shown in figure 1, the method adopts a mode of simultaneously scanning double laser beams to perform additive manufacturing on the high-tungsten steel, two laser processing heads are symmetrically distributed on two sides of a vertical line in tandem along a scanning direction and form a certain included angle with the vertical line, the inclined included angle alpha is generally 10-15 degrees, the laser heads are ensured not to interfere, and the angle is reduced as much as possible to improve the laser utilization rate and the stability of a molten pool. While avoiding interference of the laser processing head, the spot of the latter laser beam was brought close to the spot of the former laser beam without overlapping to form two molten pools as shown in fig. 1, YDS014 powder was fed into the former molten pool, and tungsten powder having an average particle diameter of 5 μm was fed into the latter molten pool. The invention adopts double laser beams and double powder feeding instead of single laser beam, because if YDS014 and tungsten powder are fed into the same molten pool at the same time, because YDS014 needs to be ensured to be completely melted, the laser adopts high power, the temperature of the molten pool is high, and the tungsten powder is easy to melt and gather at the bottom of the molten pool under the condition of high power to form coarse dendrite, thereby seriously affecting the performance of parts. The former laser beam adopts high power to ensure that YDS014 powder is completely melted, the latter laser beam is close to the former laser beam, the former molten pool still has higher temperature, the latter laser beam adopts lower power to maintain the molten pool to be melted and is fed with tungsten powder, so that the tungsten powder can be ensured to be dispersed and distributed in the matrix and form good metallurgical bonding, and the tungsten powder is prevented from being greatly melted and aggregated, so that excellent performance can be obtained. In order to ensure the processing precision and reduce the processing amount of the machine, a small laser spot is adopted, and the length of the minor axis of the spot is selected to be 2-3 mm. Meanwhile, the two laser beams keep the same spot size and the same scanning speed, and the scanning speed is selected from 300-; the power of the former laser is selected to be 1200W-1800W, and is in direct proportion to the length of the minor axis of the light spot; the powder feeding amount of YDS014 powder is generally 300-500g/h, the ratio of the powder feeding amount of tungsten powder to the YDS014 powder is 3:10, and the YDS013 components designed according to the target can be obtained basically and well according to the ratio; the lapping rate is selected to be 40-45%, and when the lapping rate is too high, tungsten can be greatly melted in a lapping zone and a large number of dendritic crystals are formed.
Specifically, in this embodiment, α is 10 °, the scanning speed is 320mm/min, the previous laser power is 1500W, the subsequent laser power is 500W, the YDS014 powder feed amount is 410g/h, and the overlapping ratio is 40%.
The high-tungsten steel part after the laser additive manufacturing needs to be subjected to heat treatment, and the heat treatment system is shown in figure 2. Firstly, heating the part to 1200 ℃ along with a furnace, preserving heat for 1h to ensure that the high-tungsten steel is completely austenitized, and then quenching, wherein the quenching is to cool the part by adopting high-speed low-temperature nitrogen, so that compared with the traditional oil quenching and water quenching, the quenching device can reduce the cracking and deformation of the part to a greater extent, and simultaneously maintains a greater cooling speed and promotes the martensitic transformation. Because the martensitic transformation of the quenching treatment is still incomplete, the cryogenic treatment of the part for 0.75h at-75 ℃ is carried out by adopting liquid nitrogen and alcohol, the martensitic transformation is further promoted, and the content of residual austenite is reduced. And then carrying out three times of tempering at 560 ℃, wherein the three times of tempering can avoid coarsening of the carbide, so that the carbide is finely and dispersedly distributed in the matrix, and the hardness and the wear resistance of the part are improved.
In fig. 3, 3a is a photograph of a low-magnification microstructure of YDS013 high-tungsten steel obtained by laser additive manufacturing in this embodiment, and in fig. 3b is a photograph of a high-magnification microstructure of YDS013 high-tungsten steel obtained by laser additive manufacturing in this embodiment, it can be seen from the photographs that the structure of the high-tungsten steel is composed of tempered martensite, fine carbides and tungsten in a dispersed manner, and the microstructure has an average micro hardness of 1000HV after being tested.
Example 2
If the material is not added according to the process parameters provided by the invention, for example, alpha is selected to be 10 degrees, the scanning speed is selected to be 320mm/min, the former laser power is selected to be 1500W, the latter laser power is selected to be 1000W, the powder feeding amount of YDS014 powder is selected to be 410g/h, and the lap joint rate is selected to be 40%, the defects such as micro-cracks, air holes and the like are formed due to insufficient metallurgical conditions of a molten pool in the forming process, and the forming quality is poor, such as the tissue morphology shown in FIG. 4.
Example 3
If the heat treatment is not performed according to the parameters given in the present invention, for example, the heat treatment is performed according to the heat treatment systems of 3-1, 3-2 and 3-3, respectively, the potential for the precipitation phase strengthening of the high W content steel cannot be sufficiently exhibited. Insufficient solid solution conditions can cause high content of precipitated phases, low content of precipitated phases and weakened strengthening effect; improper tempering conditions can result in low precipitated phase content, or precipitated phase growth, and can also reduce alloy strength and hardness. Table 3 shows the hardness test results of the high tungsten steel after the heat treatment process schedules of example 1 and example 3 were performed.
TABLE 3 hardness test results of high tungsten steels after heat treatment process schedule of each example
Serial number Heat treatment System microhardness/HV
1 Deep cooling at 1200 deg.c/1 hr; 560 ℃ per 1h X3 times 1000±15
3-1 1200 ℃/1h, and WQ is adjusted to room temperature; 560 ℃ per 1h X3 times 950±12
3-2 Deep cooling at 1100 deg.c/1 hr; 560 ℃ per 1h X3 times 940±10
3-3 Deep cooling at 1200 deg.c/1 hr; 560 ℃ C/3 h X1 times 900±20
In conclusion, the invention innovatively adopts a mode of simultaneously scanning double laser beams to prepare and form the material, can effectively regulate and control the shape and distribution condition of tungsten in steel, and enables the tungsten to be uniformly and dispersedly distributed in a matrix. Meanwhile, the technological parameters of laser additive manufacturing are reasonably controlled, so that the structure and the performance of the high-tungsten steel are optimized. The invention also provides a heat treatment system for manufacturing the high-tungsten steel YDS013 by the additive, and the heat treatment system adopts a mode of quenching treatment and deep cooling treatment to reduce the content of residual austenite, improve the form of martensite and obtain the optimal performance. The invention provides a feasible method for manufacturing the high-tungsten steel cutting tool and the die part with complex structures.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. A high-tungsten steel is characterized by comprising, by mass, 0.15-0.2% of C, 3.8-4.0% of Cr, 0.9-1.1% of V, 28.0-31.0% of W, 3.0-3.3% of Mo, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
2. The high tungsten steel according to claim 1, comprising, by mass, 0.17 to 0.19% of C, 3.8 to 3.9% of Cr, 0.95 to 1.05% of V, 30.5 to 31.0% of W, 3.15 to 3.2% of Mo, and the balance Fe and inevitable impurities.
3. The high tungsten steel according to claim 1, wherein the structure of the high tungsten steel consists of tempered martensite, fine carbides and dispersed tungsten, and the microhardness is at least 1000 HV.
4. A method for manufacturing a high tungsten steel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
1) preparing pre-alloy powder and pure tungsten powder so that the proportion of the pre-alloy powder and the pure tungsten powder meets the component requirement of the high-tungsten steel;
2) adopting double laser beams to scan simultaneously to perform additive manufacturing of the high-tungsten steel, specifically, respectively corresponding the pre-alloy powder and the pure tungsten powder to one laser beam for powder feeding; the laser beam for feeding the pre-alloyed powder is positioned in front of the laser beam for feeding the pure tungsten powder, and the power of the former laser beam is greater than that of the latter laser beam;
3) and performing heat treatment after the laser additive manufacturing is finished.
5. The method of manufacturing a high tungsten steel according to claim 4, wherein the pre-alloyed powder is composed of, by mass, 0.2 to 0.26% of C, 4.9 to 5.2% of Cr, 1.2 to 1.4% of V, 3.0 to 3.3% of W, 4.0 to 4.5% of Mo, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
6. The preparation method of the high-tungsten steel according to claim 5, wherein the two laser beams are symmetrically distributed relative to a vertical line and form an included angle alpha with the vertical line, wherein alpha is 10-15 degrees; the sizes of the light spots of the two laser beams are the same; under the condition that the two laser heads do not interfere, the light spot of the latter laser beam is close to the light spot of the former laser beam but does not overlap.
7. The method for preparing high tungsten steel according to claim 6, wherein the power of the subsequent laser beam is 30 to 35% of the power of the previous laser beam.
8. The method for producing a high-tungsten steel as claimed in claim 7, wherein the laser beam has a spot minor axis length of 2 to 3mm, a laser scanning speed of 300 to 400mm/min, a previous laser power of 1200W to 1800W, a powder feeding amount of the pre-alloy powder of 300 to 500g/h, and a ratio of the powder feeding amount of the tungsten powder to the powder feeding amount of the pre-alloy powder of 10: 3, the scanning overlap ratio is 40% -45%, and the pre-alloyed powder comprises, by mass, 0.22% -0.25% of C, 4.9% -5.05% of Cr, 1.25% -1.3% of V, 3.0% -3.1% of W, 4.2% -4.45% of Mo, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
9. The method for preparing the high-tungsten steel according to claim 4, wherein the heat treatment is specifically that the high-tungsten steel after laser additive manufacturing is heated to 1200 ℃ along with a furnace and is kept warm for 1h, so that the high-tungsten steel is completely austenitized, then quenching is carried out, the quenching is carried out by adopting high-speed low-temperature nitrogen for cooling, then the part is subjected to cryogenic treatment for 0.75h at-75 ℃ by adopting liquid nitrogen and alcohol, the martensite transformation is further promoted, the residual austenite content is reduced, and then three times of tempering at 560 ℃.
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