CN113683562A - 一种新型抗溶剂猝灭的近红外二区染料、及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种新型抗溶剂猝灭的近红外二区染料、及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN113683562A
CN113683562A CN202110816673.4A CN202110816673A CN113683562A CN 113683562 A CN113683562 A CN 113683562A CN 202110816673 A CN202110816673 A CN 202110816673A CN 113683562 A CN113683562 A CN 113683562A
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郭志前
吴梦兰
赵紫君
张辽
张玉涛
李娟�
章旖烟
周业坤
朱为宏
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种新型抗溶剂猝灭的近红外二区染料、及其制备方法和应用,是一类新型抗溶剂猝灭的含氮杂环的NIR‑II染料。实验表明本发明的近红外二区染料具有水溶性优异,波长长,抗溶剂猝灭,光稳定性优良,穿透深度深以及蛋白质增强荧光发射等特点,通过尾静脉注射到小鼠中,可以看清小鼠全身的血管及肝脏。此外,染料的结构易于修饰,可以连接多种靶向基团和检测基团,应用范围广泛。本发明结构为式Ⅰ所示:
Figure DDA0003170370050000011

Description

一种新型抗溶剂猝灭的近红外二区染料、及其制备方法和 应用
技术领域
本发明属于精细化工领域,具体涉及一类新型抗溶剂猝灭的近红外二区染料、制备方法及其荧光成像。
背景技术
荧光成像技术在疾病的实时监测、快速诊断以及治疗等方面已经展现出了良好的应用前景。相比于近红外一区(NIRⅠ,650-900nm)荧光成像,新型的近红外二区(NIRⅡ,1000-1700nm)荧光成像技术由于受组织散射和自发荧光的影响小,能实现对更深层组织的高分辨成像,展现了很大的应用潜力。目前,已经发展了近红外二区无机造影剂和有机小分子荧光染料,无机造影剂如碳纳米管、稀土元素纳米粒子和量子点,这些材料由于含有重金属元素,不易于排出体外而存在潜在的生物毒性。近红外二区有机小分子染料由于其化学结构易于修饰、生物相容性高,易于代谢出体外而对生物成像展现出更大的优势。
目前,大多数近红外二区荧光团合成复杂、且由于大的芳香结构导致染料的水溶性差,在生物体系中容易聚集,并且难与目标分子发生相互作用。因此,开发合成简便且成本低、波长长、抗溶剂猝灭的水溶性近红外二区荧光染料对于生物成像具有重要的价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一类合成简便且成本低、波长长、摩尔吸光系数高、抗溶剂猝灭的含氮杂环的近红外二区染料,并对其光物理性能和生物成像进行了研究。在本发明的N原子上引入丙基磺酸基,其最大吸收波长位于995nm,最大发射波长位于1037nm。本发明的染料DQPS在胎牛血清中具有蛋白质增强荧光发射的特点,其吸光度和荧光强度比其在DMSO中的高,吸收波长为1008nm,发射波长为1027nm。该类染料的水溶性优良,将染料的水溶液通过尾静脉注射到小鼠体内,可以立即清晰地观察生物体全身的血管和肝脏,应用前景好。
本发明通过下述方案实现:
一种新型抗溶剂猝灭的近红外二区染料,是一类新型抗溶剂猝灭的含氮杂环的NIR-II染料,其结构为式Ⅰ所示:
Figure BDA0003170370030000011
Figure BDA0003170370030000021
式Ⅰ中;
R1为式Ⅱ所示基团:磺酸基(Ⅱ-1)或N,N,N-三甲基胺盐(Ⅱ-2);
Figure BDA0003170370030000022
R2选自式Ⅲ所示的氯原子或检测基团的任意一种;
Figure BDA0003170370030000023
R3为式Ⅳ所示的氢原子或Ⅳ-2所示的细菌细胞壁靶向单元或Ⅳ-3所示的肿瘤靶向单元;
Figure BDA0003170370030000024
本发明还提出一种新型抗溶剂猝灭的近红外二区染料的通用制备方法:
化合物的合成以4-甲基-2-氯喹啉为原料,通过Suzuki交叉偶联反应、亲核取代反应得到喹啉盐中间体;在以环己酮为原料,通过甲酰化、取代反应得到希夫碱中间体;或者以1、4-环己二醇为原料,通过亲核取代、甲酰化反应、取代反应得到带有炔基的希夫碱中间体;然后喹啉盐中间体和希夫碱中间体经过缩合反应得到对称的七甲川菁染料。反应流程如下:
本发明还提出一种新型抗溶剂猝灭的近红外二区染料的应用,是将制备得到的染料通过Click反应连接靶向基团,通过亲核取代反应连接检测基团得到近红外二区荧光探针,应用于深层组织或血管的成像。
Figure BDA0003170370030000031
附图说明
图1 10μM DQPS在二甲基亚砜、二氯甲烷、乙醇中的紫外吸收光谱图(详见实施例2)。
图2 10μM DQPS在二甲基亚砜、二氯甲烷、乙醇中的荧光发射光谱图,λex=1000nm(详见实施例2)。
图3 10μM DPQS在二甲基亚砜和胎牛血清中的紫外吸收的归一化光谱图(详见实施例3)。
图4 10μM DQPS在二甲基亚砜和胎牛血清中的荧光发射的归一化光谱图(详见实施例3)。
图5 DQPS染料在小鼠上的活体荧光成像应用(详见实施例4)。
具体实施方式
在本发明一个优选的技术方案中:
R1为式Ⅱ所示磺酸基或N,N,N-三甲基胺盐;
R2选自式Ⅲ所示的氯原子或检测基团的任意一种;
R3为式Ⅳ所示的氢原子或任意一种靶向单元;
在进一步的优选的技术方案中,R1为磺酸基;
下面通过实施例对本发明作进一步的阐述,其目的仅在于更好地理解本发明的内容。因此,所举之例并不限制本发明的保护范围:
实施例1
具体合成路线如下:
Figure BDA0003170370030000041
1 2-苯基-4-甲基喹啉的合成
Figure BDA0003170370030000042
250mL三口烧瓶,加2-氯-4-甲基喹啉(1.00g,5.63mmol),Pd(PPh3)2Cl2(197mg,0.281mmol),苯硼酸(755mg,6.19mmol),K2CO3(2.33g,16.89mmol),置换氩气,加45mL四氢呋喃,溶液为黄色。升温至65℃,反应36h。降温,加120mL乙酸乙酯,用50mL水洗3次,有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,旋干。用PE:EA=10:1过柱,得无色油状物1.0376g,产率84%。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ=2.78(s,3H,-CH3),7.44-7.48(m,1H,Phenyl-H),7.51-7.58(m,3H,Phenyl-H),7.73(t,2H,Phenyl-H),8.01(d,J=8.3Hz,1H,Phenyl-H),8.15(s,1H,Phenyl-H),8.16(s,1H,Phenyl-H),8.22(d,J=8.3Hz,1H,Phenyl-H).13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ=19.07,119.81,123.65,126.06,127.27,127.57,128.82,129.23,129.37,130.30,139.83,144.87,148.12,157.10.HRMS(ESI-MS):m/z:calcd for[C16H14N]+:220.1126,found:220.1114.
2 N-丙基磺酸基-2-苯基-4-甲基喹啉的合成
Figure BDA0003170370030000051
在25mL单口烧瓶中分别加入2-苯基-4-甲基喹啉(585mg,2.67mmol)、1,3-环丙基磺内酯(325mg,2.67mmol)、1.67mL二氯苯,油浴加热到150℃反应15h。反应结束后冷却,抽滤,滤饼用二氯甲烷洗涤,真空干燥得紫粉色固体360mg,产率为39%。HRMS(ESI-MS):m/z:calcd for[C16H14N]+:342.1164,found:342.1159.
3 DQPS的合成
Figure BDA0003170370030000052
10mL斯莱克管除水,加N-丙基磺酸基-2-苯基-4-甲基喹啉(100mg,0.293mmol),加希夫碱(48mg,0.133mmol),加3.2mL乙酸酐溶解,加无水NaOAc(33mg,0.399mmol),置换氩气,升温至70℃,反应12小时。降温后,用20mL水溶解,再用10mL二氯甲烷洗三次,水层旋蒸后冻干得53mg固体,产率为48%。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CD3OD,ppm):δ=1.29(t,4H,-CH2),1.78-1.89(m,2H,-CH2),2.10-2.17(m,4H,-CH2),2.58(t,4H,-CH2),4.22-4.42(m,4H,-CH2),6.79-6.59(m,4H,alkene-H),7.52-7.60(m,12H,Phenyl-H),7.71(t,J=7.5Hz,4H,Phenyl-H),7.90(d,J=8.5Hz,2H,Phenyl-H),8.23(d,J=8.5Hz,2H,Phenyl-H).HRMS(ESI-MS):m/z:calcd for[C46H42N2O6S2Cl]+:817.2173,found:817.2167.
实施例2
DQPS染料的紫外吸收、荧光发射光谱
分别取本发明实施例1的染料DQPS溶于一定量的分析纯二甲基亚砜(DMSO)中,制成1.0×10-3M的母液。各取30μL上述母液分别加入到3mL二甲基亚砜、二氯甲烷、乙醇中,混合均匀后转移至光学石英比色皿(10×10mm)中测试紫外吸收、荧光发射光谱。如图1所示,DQPS的最大吸收波长位于995nm左右,如图2所示,以1000nm激发,DQPS的近红外Ⅱ区发射峰位于1037nm左右。之前发表的大部分近红外二区菁染料在低极性的二氯甲烷中的摩尔消光系数和荧光强度都优于其他大极性的溶剂。然而,本发明的DQPS染料在二甲基亚砜中的摩尔消光系数和荧光强度比其在二氯甲烷中的高,因此DQPS具有一定的抗溶剂猝灭能力。
实施例3
DQPS在胎牛血清(FBS)中的紫外吸收、荧光发射光谱
各取30μL实施例2中的DQPS母液分别加入到3mL DMSO、FBS中,混合均匀后转移至光学石英比色皿(10×10mm)中测试紫外吸收、荧光发射光谱。DQPS在FBS中的吸光度比DMSO中的升高了7.6%,如图3所示。此外,DQPS在FBS中的荧光强度比DMSO中的升高了10%,具有蛋白质增强荧光发射的特点,如图4所示。可以推测出,DQPS有望成为光物理性质优异的血管成像试剂。
实施例4
DQPS染料在小鼠上的近红外二区活体荧光成像
DQPS(100μM in PBS,尾静脉注射)在小鼠中的近红外二区荧光成像图,如图5所示,激发光:808nm,曝光时间:200ms,滤波片:1050nm。在活体小鼠上,注射水溶性的DQPS后,立即能看清小鼠的血管和肝脏,且荧光强度强。

Claims (7)

1.一种新型抗溶剂猝灭的近红外二区染料,是一类新型抗溶剂猝灭的含氮杂环的NIR-II染料,其结构为式Ⅰ所示:
Figure FDA0003170370020000011
式Ⅰ中,R1为式Ⅱ所示基团:磺酸基(Ⅱ-1)或N,N,N-三甲基胺盐(Ⅱ-2);
Figure FDA0003170370020000012
R2选自式Ⅲ所示的氯原子或检测基团的任意一种;
Figure FDA0003170370020000013
R3为式Ⅳ所示的氢原子或Ⅳ-2所示的细菌细胞壁靶向单元或Ⅳ-3所示的肿瘤靶向单元;
Figure 2
2.根据权利要求1所述的近红外二区染料,其特征在于,R1为磺酸基。
3.根据权利要求1所述的近红外二区染料,其特征在于,喹啉单元的C-2位点为苯基。
4.如权利要求1所述的抗溶剂猝灭的近红外二区染料的制备方法,步骤如下:
化合物的合成以4-甲基-2-氯喹啉为原料,通过Suzuki交叉偶联反应、亲核取代反应得到喹啉盐中间体;在以环己酮为原料,通过甲酰化、取代反应得到希夫碱中间体;或者以1、4-环己二醇为原料,通过亲核取代反应、甲酰化反应、取代反应得到带有炔基的希夫碱中间体;然后喹啉盐中间体和希夫碱中间体经过缩合反应得到对称的七甲川菁染料。
5.如权利要求1所述的近红外二区染料,其特征在于,其最大吸收波长为995nm,最大发射波长为1037nm。
6.如权利要求1所述的近红外二区染料,其特征在于,在胎牛血清中具有蛋白增强荧光发射的特点,表现为其吸光度和荧光强度比其在DMSO中高,吸收波长为1008nm,发射波长为1027nm。
7.如权利要求1所述的近红外二区染料的应用,其特征在于,将制备得到的染料通过Click反应连接靶向基团,通过亲核取代反应连接检测基团得到近红外二区荧光探针,应用于深层组织或血管的成像。
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