CN113683266A - Method for treating inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in seawater pond culture tail water - Google Patents
Method for treating inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in seawater pond culture tail water Download PDFInfo
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- CN113683266A CN113683266A CN202111035579.1A CN202111035579A CN113683266A CN 113683266 A CN113683266 A CN 113683266A CN 202111035579 A CN202111035579 A CN 202111035579A CN 113683266 A CN113683266 A CN 113683266A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of pond mariculture, and discloses a method for treating inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in tail water of mariculture pond, which comprises seven steps: (1) building a closed pool and a shallow pool; (2) manufacturing a plastic cloth bag; (3) closing the plastic cloth bag of the pool cover; (4) feeding water into the shallow pool; (5) placing floating ecological enteromorpha and draining in the shallow pool; (6) water seepage and saline-alkali removal of the sediment in the closed pool; (7) dynamic management of the ecological enteromorpha in the shallow pool. The invention uses a special black plastic cloth bag to cover the closed tank, so that plankton dies and becomes sediment at the bottom of the tank, and separation of plankton and discharged tail water is realized; inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in tail water of the shallow water pool are consumed by floating ecological enteromorpha to achieve standard emission of nitrogen and phosphorus; by treating sediments and processing floating ecological enteromorpha, the floating ecological enteromorpha is converted into organic fertilizer, the soil is improved, the agricultural production is served, and the sustainable development of seawater pond culture is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of pond mariculture, in particular to a method for treating inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in tail water of mariculture pond.
Background
In the process of seawater pond culture, as cultured aquatic animals grow every day, the amount of bait fed into the pond is increased continuously, and the amount of residual bait and excrement in the pond is increased gradually, the contents of inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in pond water are increased, a large number of phytoplankton in the pond are propagated, the water quality of the pond is eutrophicated, and plankton is naturally dead and deposited, so that the dissolved oxygen in the pond water is reduced, harmful substances are generated, and the culture production is seriously threatened; therefore, a certain amount of culture water is required to be discharged from the pond, and fresh seawater is injected into the pond, so that the water quality of the pond is improved, and the smooth operation of pond culture is kept; during or after the aquaculture process, the aquaculture water discharged from aquaculture systems (including aquaculture ponds, factory workshops, etc.) to natural waters is called aquaculture tail water. However, the discharged seawater pond culture tail water is accumulated to a large extent to cause seawater eutrophication near the sea and seriously pollute the near-sea ecological environment, and the seawater pond culture tail water is required to be treated to reach the water quality standard and can be discharged into a natural water area after meeting the discharge requirement specified by the state, so that the marine ecological environment is protected, and the sustainable development of fishery is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a method for treating inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in seawater pond culture tail water, which adopts the technical scheme that the method comprises the following steps:
(1) building a closed pool and a shallow pool: building two closed pools and a shallow pool, wherein the two closed pools are a first closed pool and a second closed pool which have the same specification; the closed pool is provided with a high dam and a low dam positioned on the inner side of the high dam, and the low dam surrounding pool water is convenient for the plastic cloth bag to tightly cover the water in the closed pool after being stretched; protective plastic cloth is laid on the top of a low dam between the two closed pools to prevent the plastic cloth bag from being cut by soil blocks when being pulled from the first closed pool to the second closed pool; the bottom of the closed pool is provided with a pit for collecting sediments; the first closed pool and the second closed pool are both provided with a water inlet channel connected with the water inlet channel and a water outlet channel connected with the shallow pool, the water inlet channel is provided with a water inlet gate, the water outlet channel is provided with a water outlet gate, and a clamping groove at the outer side of the water outlet gate is provided with a plurality of wood boards which are arranged up and down; the shallow pool is provided with a drainage channel connected with the drainage channel, and the drainage channel is provided with a drainage gate; aquatic product cultivation plastic cloth is fully paved on the dam of the shallow water tank and the bottom of the shallow water tank, so that the phenomena of easy turbidity and soil exposure caused by shallow water are prevented, and the photosynthesis of the floating ecological enteromorpha is prevented from being influenced; the volume of the shallow pool can contain the water volume of the next closed pool; the shallow pool is used for cultivating floating ecological enteromorpha and consumes inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in pool water; two blocking nets are placed in the shallow water pool to prevent the floating ecological enteromorpha from being blown and gathered to influence the growth;
(2) manufacturing a plastic cloth bag: sticking plastic cloth blocks on the plastic cloth to form a water bag, and then adhering a plurality of plastic cloths with the water bag to form a large plastic cloth bag; each water bag is provided with a bottle mouth, and all the bottle mouths are arranged on the same side; the water bag is screwed with the bottle cap or the soft plug after being filled with fresh water, so that the fresh water cannot flow out; the plastic cloth bag is black and is light-tight and air-tight; the plastic cloth bag is covered on the water surface of the closed pool, and the water bag floats on the seawater and does not sink because the water bag is fresh water, so that the whole plastic cloth bag is tightly attached to the water surface to tightly cover the closed pool, and the pool water is light-tight and airtight; covering the closed pond with a plastic cloth bag, depositing plankton in the pond water at the bottom of the pond, and separating the plankton from the culture tail water in a sediment state after the pond water is discharged into a shallow pond;
(3) closing the plastic cloth bag of the pool cover: filling the two closed ponds with seawater pond culture tail water; the plastic cloth bag is flatly placed on one side of the low dam of the first closed pool, one end of the plastic cloth bag is pulled up when no wind or sun exists in the early morning, the water surface of the first closed pool is completely covered by the plastic cloth bag along the top of the low dam, and the edge of the plastic cloth bag is pressed by a woven bag filled with soil; the plastic cloth bag is tightly attached to the water surface, so that the first closed tank is light-tight and air-tight, the dissolved oxygen content in the water in the tank is low, the dissolved oxygen is consumed quickly, the phytoplankton can not carry out photosynthesis to generate oxygen because the phytoplankton can not see light, and the plankton in the water in the tank dies quickly and is deposited at the bottom of the tank; after the pond water in the first closed pond changes color and becomes clear, pulling up one end of the plastic cloth bag, covering the water surface of the second closed pond by the plastic cloth bag through a low dam between the two ponds, and pressing the edge of the plastic cloth bag by using a woven bag filled with soil; the plastic cloth bag is pulled from the first closed pool to the second closed pool, the first closed pool drains water, when the sediment at the bottom of the first closed pool is filled into the bolting silk bag, the first closed pool is refilled with the culture tail water, the plastic cloth bag is pulled from the second closed pool to the first closed pool, the second closed pool drains water, when the sediment at the bottom of the second closed pool is filled into the bolting silk bag, the second closed pool is refilled with the culture tail water, and the operation of covering the closed pool is repeated;
(4) shallow pool water inlet: when the pond water in the first closed pond changes color and the transparency is increased, detecting plankton in the pond water and water quality indexes required by discharge, and transferring the plastic cloth bag from the first closed pond to the second closed pond after the plankton is deposited at the bottom of the pond; in addition to the two water quality indexes of inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate, when other water quality indexes meet the discharge requirement, tail water of seawater pond culture in the first closed pond is directly discharged into the shallow pond; if the pond water does not meet the discharge requirement except inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate, other specified water quality indexes are treated one by one according to a conventional operation method, and the tail water of the seawater pond culture in the first closed pond is discharged into the shallow pond until all the specified water quality indexes meet the discharge requirement; when the shallow pool enters water, the water outlet gate is lifted, the wood plate outside the water outlet gate is gradually taken up from top to bottom, the upper layer water of the first closed pool is discharged firstly, and the lower layer water is discharged secondly, so that the pool bottom is prevented from being flushed; after tail water of the seawater pond culture in the shallow water pond is discharged to a natural water area after reaching the standard by floating the ecological enteromorpha, discharging pond water of the second closed pond into the shallow water pond in the same way as the above;
(5) placing floating ecological enteromorpha and draining in the shallow pool: after the shallow pool is filled with water, putting clean and soil-free floating ecological enteromorpha into the shallow pool; the floating ecological enteromorpha drifts in the shallow pool, under the photosynthesis, the floating ecological enteromorpha absorbs and utilizes inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in water to grow rapidly, a large amount of nutrient salt is consumed, and the content of the inorganic nitrogen and the active phosphate in the tail water of the pond culture of the sea in the shallow pool is reduced; through water quality detection, when two indexes of inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in pond water reach the discharge requirement, tail water of pond culture in the shallow pond and the sea is discharged to a natural water area;
(6) seepage and saline-alkali removal of closed pool sediments: after the culture tail water in the closed pond is discharged into the shallow water pond, pumping the sediments in the pit at the bottom of the pond by using a water pump and filling the sediments into a bolting silk bag; piling the perforated bolting silk bags on the top of the low dam to seep seawater outwards, transporting away the seeped seawater, and soaking the sediment with fresh water to completely discharge the salt and alkali in the sediment; the sediment is oxidized and decomposed by bacteria and converted into organic fertilizer for improving soil;
(7) dynamic management of the ecological enteromorpha in the shallow pool: regularly sorting the floating ecological enteromorpha in the shallow water pool, reserving the fresh floating ecological enteromorpha, and fishing out the floating ecological enteromorpha which changes color and becomes yellow; when the culture tail water is discharged every time, a net frame is arranged on a drainage channel leading from the shallow pool to a drainage gate, so that the floating ecological enteromorpha is prevented from being discharged out of the pool along with water, and the floating ecological enteromorpha is prevented from diffusing to pollute the environment; after the cultivation tail water is treated, the floating ecological enteromorpha prolifera in the shallow water pond is fished out completely without omission, and the floating ecological enteromorpha prolifera is thoroughly cleaned and timely transported and processed into the organic fertilizer.
The above technical solution can be further optimized as follows:
the water surface of the closed pool in the step (1) is 60 meters long, the water surface is 40 meters wide, and the water depth is 1.8 meters.
The water surface of the shallow pool in the step (1) is 120 meters long, the water surface is 40 meters wide, and the water depth is 0.9 meter.
The width of the top of the low dam of the closed pool in the step (1) is 3 meters, and the top of the low dam is 0.15 meter higher than the water surface.
The plastic cloth bag in the step (2) is 66 meters long and 46 meters wide.
And (3) adhering the water bags on the plastic cloth at intervals of 3 meters.
The water bag in the step (2) is 0.4 meter long and 0.3 meter wide.
And (3) adhering the water bag in the step (2) to the plastic cloth in a glue solution or hot melting mode.
And (5) arranging two blocking nets in the shallow pool, dividing the floating ecological enteromorpha into 3 blocks, uniformly distributing the blocks on the water surface of the shallow pool, and preventing the floating ecological enteromorpha from being blown and gathered.
And (3) when the floating ecological enteromorpha is placed in the shallow water tank in the step (5) and when the floating ecological enteromorpha is dynamically managed by the shallow water tank in the step (7), the inhabitation area of the floating ecological enteromorpha accounts for half of the water surface of the shallow water tank.
The basic principle of the invention is as follows:
injecting the seawater pond culture tail water which does not meet the discharge requirement into a closed pond, covering the closed pond by using a plastic cloth bag, wherein the plastic cloth bag is tightly attached to the water surface of the closed pond, so that the closed pond is light-tight and air-tight, the pond water is deficient in light and oxygen, phytoplankton in the closed pond can not perform photosynthesis to generate oxygen, the temperature of the pond water is relatively high, plankton in the pond water quickly dies and deposits at the bottom of the pond, plankton carried by the seawater pond culture tail water can not enter a natural water area, and the dead plankton is organic matters, so that eutrophication of the natural water area can be caused; at present, fishery resources in natural water areas decline, and the tail water of seawater pond culture contains too many plankton which finally become organic matters to form soft mud, the soft mud near the shore is increased every year to pollute the natural water areas, and the soft mud can not be converted into aquatic products to be eaten; taking away the plastic cloth bag after the pond water in the closed pond changes color and becomes clear, detecting other specified water quality indexes except inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in the pond water, and draining the pond water into a shallow pond if the other specified water quality indexes meet the drainage requirement; if the other specified water quality indexes do not meet the discharge requirement, treating the water quality indexes one by one according to a conventional operation method, and discharging the pond water into a shallow pond until the other specified water quality indexes meet the discharge requirement; the floating ecological enteromorpha is arranged in the shallow pool, drifts on the water surface of the shallow pool, absorbs and utilizes inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in water to grow rapidly under photosynthesis, consumes a large amount of nutrient salt, reduces the content of the inorganic nitrogen and the active phosphate in the tail water of the cultivation in the shallow pool, and discharges the tail water of the pond cultivation in the sea of the shallow pool to a natural water area when the two water quality indexes also meet the discharge requirements; inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in the pond water are remained on land in the form of floating ecological enteromorpha, and the separation from the tail water of the seawater pond culture is completed; the sediment at the bottom of the pool collected by the closed pool is soaked by fresh water, drained to remove saline and alkaline, the sediment with the saline and alkaline removed is converted into organic fertilizer through oxidation and bacterial decomposition, the floating ecological enteromorpha in the shallow pool is also processed into the organic fertilizer, the soil is improved, the agricultural production is served, and the sustainable development of the seawater pond culture is realized.
The invention mainly has the following innovative advantages:
1. a large amount of plankton in the tail water of the seawater pond culture is caused by culture production and is caused by human activities, and the method prevents plankton in the tail water of the seawater pond culture from entering a natural water area, enables the discharged tail water of the seawater pond culture to be closer to the nature, and is an innovative method for protecting the natural water area. Due to the decline of fishery resources in natural water areas and the pollution of ecological environment, plankton in the seawater pond culture tail water can be rarely converted into aquatic products to be eaten, and the aquatic products are organic matters after the plankton and the aquatic products are dead finally, so that the eutrophication of the natural water areas can be caused, and the ecology is unbalanced.
2. Inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in the tail water of the seawater pond culture are consumed by floating ecological enteromorpha, the standard discharge of nitrogen and phosphorus is realized, and the method is an innovation of a method for treating the tail water of the seawater pond culture. The floating ecological enteromorpha is processed into the organic fertilizer, so that the soil is improved, the substance circulation is realized, new pollution is not caused, and the sustainable development of fishery is ensured.
3. The special plastic cloth bag, the plastic cloth bag and the plastic water bag are used together to finish light and air tight operation of the closed pond, so that plankton in the tail water of the pond culture of the sea water in the closed pond is deposited at the bottom of the pond, and separation of plankton from the discharged tail water of the pond culture of the sea water is realized.
4. The method makes full use of the ecological characteristics of the floating ecological enteromorpha, allows inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in the culture tail water to be left in a shallow water pool in the form of the floating ecological enteromorpha, completes separation from the culture tail water in a seawater pond, realizes scientific use and management of the floating ecological enteromorpha, changes disasters into our own use, and promotes people to widely utilize the floating ecological enteromorpha.
5. Closed cell design has a profound effect. The general culture pond is rectangular, the distance between the water inlet gate and the water discharge gate is longer than the distance between the dams at the two sides, and the bottom of the pond is flat and has a slope, so that the sediment in the culture pond can be discharged conveniently; the closed pond is also rectangular, but the distance from the water inlet gate to the water discharge gate is smaller than the distance between the dams at the two sides, namely the length of the rectangular pond is changed into the width, the width is changed into the length, and the bottom of the pond is also provided with the pits, so that the deposit in the closed pond can be favorably retained without being discharged, the innovative design for building an aquaculture pond in the future is realized, and the concept of protecting the natural ecological environment is embodied; the pond culture can generate waste which needs to be left for solving and is not pushed to natural water areas, which is the original shape for building environment-friendly culture ponds in the future.
6. After seawater seeps out of sediments in the tail water of the seawater pond culture in the bolting silk bag, the seawater is soaked in fresh water, drained water is used for removing salt and alkali, and the seawater is oxidized and decomposed by bacteria to be converted into organic fertilizer for improving soil, so that nutrient elements are provided for the growth of crops, the organic matter in the seawater is converted into organic fertilizer to be efficiently utilized by the crops, and the material circulation between the seawater culture and the agricultural planting is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of an enclosed and shallow water basin of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a closed cell according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a shallow water pool of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of the plastic cloth bag of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of closed cell sediment collection according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1-a first closed pool, 2-a plastic cloth bag, 2.1-a plastic cloth, 2.2-a water bag, 2.2.1-a bottle cap or a soft plug, 3-a water inlet gate, 4-a water inlet channel, 5-a water inlet channel, 6-a high dam, 7-a low dam, 8-a water surface, 9-a second closed pool, 10-a water outlet gate, 11-a wood board, 12-a water outlet channel, 13-a shallow pool, 14-a water outlet channel, 15-a net frame, 16-a water outlet channel, 17-a water outlet gate, 18-a barrier net, 19-a floating ecological enteromorpha, 20-a pool dam, 21-a pit, 22-a sediment, 23-a pool bottom of the closed pool, 24-a protective plastic cloth, 25-a pool bottom of the shallow pool, 26-an aquaculture plastic cloth, 27-a bolting silk bag, 28-tying rope.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the following examples and accompanying drawings.
Example 1
See fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. The method for treating inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in tail water of seawater pond culture comprises the following steps:
(1) building a closed pool and a shallow pool: building two closed pools and a shallow pool 13, wherein the two closed pools are a first closed pool 1 and a second closed pool 9 with the same specification; the closed pool is provided with a high dam 6 and a low dam 7 positioned at the inner side of the high dam 6, and the low dam 7 surrounding the pool water is convenient for the plastic cloth bag 2 to tightly cover the water in the closed pool after being stretched; a protective plastic cloth 24 is laid on the top of the low dam 7 between the two closed pools to prevent the plastic cloth bag 2 from being cut by soil blocks when being pulled from the first closed pool 1 to the second closed pool 9; the bottom of the closed pool is provided with a pit 21 for collecting sediment 22; the first closed pool 1 and the second closed pool 9 are both provided with a water inlet channel 4 connected with a water inlet channel 5 and a water outlet channel 12 connected with a shallow pool 13, the water inlet channel 4 is provided with a water inlet gate 3, the water outlet channel 12 is provided with a water outlet gate 10, and a clamping groove at the outer side of the water outlet gate 10 is provided with a plurality of wood boards 11 which are arranged up and down; the shallow water pool 13 is provided with a drainage channel 16 connected with the drainage channel 14, and the drainage channel 16 is provided with a drainage gate 17; the dam 20 of the shallow water pool and the pool bottom 25 of the shallow water pool are fully paved with aquaculture plastic cloth 26, so that the phenomena of easy turbidity and soil exposure of water caused by shallow pool are prevented, and the photosynthesis of the floating ecological enteromorpha 19 is prevented from being influenced; the volume of the shallow pool 13 can contain the water volume of the next closed pool; the shallow pool 13 is used for cultivating the floating ecological enteromorpha 19 and consuming inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in pool water; two blocking nets 18 are placed in the shallow water pool 13 to prevent the floating ecological enteromorpha 19 from being blown and gathered to influence the growth;
(2) manufacturing a plastic cloth bag: the plastic cloth 2.1 is stuck with plastic cloth blocks to form a water bag 2.2, and a plurality of plastic cloths 2.1 with the water bag 2.2 are stuck together to form a large plastic cloth bag 2; each water bag 2.2 is provided with a bottle mouth, and all the bottle mouths are arranged on the same side; the water bag 2.2 is screwed up the bottle cap or the soft plug 2.2.1 after the fresh water is injected, so that the fresh water can not flow out; the plastic cloth bag 2 is black and is not transparent to light and air; the plastic cloth bag cover 2 is arranged on the water surface 8 of the closed pool, and the water bag 2.2 is fresh water, so the water bag 2.2 does not sink when floating on the seawater, the whole plastic cloth bag 2 tightly clings to the water surface 8 to cover the closed pool, and the pool water is light-proof and airtight; the closed pond is covered with a plastic cloth bag 2, plankton in the pond water is deposited at the bottom of the pond, and after the pond water is discharged into a shallow pond 13, the plankton is separated from the culture tail water in a state of deposit;
(3) closing the plastic cloth bag of the pool cover: filling the two closed ponds with seawater pond culture tail water; the plastic cloth bag 2 is flatly placed on one side of the low dam 7 of the first closed pool 1, one end of the plastic cloth bag 2 is pulled up when no wind or sun exists in the early morning, the water surface 8 of the first closed pool 1 is completely covered by the plastic cloth bag 2 along the top of the low dam 7, and the edge of the plastic cloth bag 2 is pressed by a woven bag filled with soil; the plastic cloth bag 2 is tightly attached to the water surface 8, so that the first closed tank 1 is light-tight and air-tight, the dissolved oxygen content in the water in the tank is low, the dissolved oxygen is consumed quickly, the phytoplankton can not carry out photosynthesis to generate oxygen because the phytoplankton can not see light, and the plankton in the water in the tank dies quickly and is deposited at the bottom of the tank; after the pond water in the first closed pond 1 changes color and becomes clear, pulling up one end of the plastic cloth bag 2, crossing a low dam 7 between the two ponds to cover the water surface 8 of the second closed pond 9 by the plastic cloth bag 2, and pressing the edge of the plastic cloth bag 2 by a woven bag filled with soil; the plastic cloth bag 2 is pulled from the first closed pool 1 to the second closed pool 9, the first closed pool 1 drains water, after the sediment 23 at the bottom of the first closed pool 22 is filled into the bolting silk bag 27, the first closed pool 1 is filled with the culture tail water again, the plastic cloth bag 2 is pulled from the second closed pool 9 to the first closed pool 1, the second closed pool 9 drains water, after the sediment 23 at the bottom of the second closed pool 22 is filled into the bolting silk bag 27, the second closed pool 9 is filled with the culture tail water again, and the operation of covering the closed pool is repeated;
(4) shallow pool water inlet: when the pond water in the first closed pond 1 changes color and the transparency is increased, detecting plankton in the pond water and water quality indexes required by discharge, and transferring the plastic cloth bag 2 from the first closed pond 1 to the second closed pond 9 after the plankton is deposited at the bottom of the pond; in addition to the two water quality indexes of inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate, when other water quality indexes meet the discharge requirement, tail water of the seawater pond culture in the first closed pond 1 is directly discharged into the shallow water pond 13; if the pond water does not meet the discharge requirement except inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate, other specified water quality indexes are treated one by one according to a conventional operation method, and the tail water of the seawater pond culture in the first closed pond 1 is discharged into the shallow water pond 13 until all the specified water quality indexes meet the discharge requirement; when the shallow water pool 13 enters water, the water outlet gate 10 is lifted, then the wood plate 11 on the outer side of the water outlet gate 10 is gradually lifted from top to bottom, the upper layer water of the first closed pool 1 is discharged firstly, and the lower layer water is discharged again, so that the pool bottom is prevented from being flushed; after the tail water of the seawater pond culture in the shallow water pool 13 reaches the standard and is discharged to a natural water area by the floating ecological enteromorpha 19, the pool water of the second closed pool 9 is discharged into the shallow water pool 13 in the same way as the above;
(5) placing floating ecological enteromorpha and draining in the shallow pool: after the shallow water pool 13 is filled with water, transporting the floating ecological enteromorpha 19 from the Qingdao or Jiangsu sea area, and putting the clean floating ecological enteromorpha 19 which is not sticky with soil into the shallow water pool 13; the floating ecological enteromorpha 19 drifts in the shallow water tank 13, under the photosynthesis, the floating ecological enteromorpha 19 absorbs and utilizes inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in water to grow rapidly, a large amount of nutrient salt is consumed, and the content of the inorganic nitrogen and the active phosphate in the tail water of the pond culture of the deep sea of the shallow water tank 13 is reduced; through water quality detection, when two indexes of inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in pond water reach the discharge requirement, the tail water of pond culture in the shallow pond 13 and the sea pond is discharged to a natural water area;
(6) seepage and saline-alkali removal of closed pool sediments: after the culture tail water in the closed pond is discharged into the shallow water pond 13, pumping the sediment 22 in the pit 21 at the bottom of the pond by using a water pump and filling the sediment into a bolting silk bag 27; piling the perforated bolting silk bags 27 on the top of the low dam 7 to seep seawater outwards, transporting the seawater after seepage, and soaking the sediment 22 with fresh water to discharge all the salt and alkali in the sediment 22; the sediment is oxidized and decomposed by bacteria and converted into organic fertilizer for improving soil;
(7) dynamic management of the ecological enteromorpha in the shallow pool: regularly sorting the floating ecological enteromorpha prolifera 19 in the shallow water tank 13, reserving the fresh floating ecological enteromorpha prolifera 19, and fishing out the floating ecological enteromorpha prolifera 19 which changes color and turns yellow; when the culture tail water is discharged each time, a net frame 15 is arranged on a drainage channel 16 leading from the shallow water pool 13 to a drainage gate 17, so that the floating ecological enteromorpha 19 is prevented from being discharged out of the pool along with the water, and the floating ecological enteromorpha 19 is prevented from diffusing to pollute the environment; after the cultivation tail water is treated, the floating ecological enteromorpha prolifera 19 in the shallow water tank 13 is fished out completely without omission, and the floating ecological enteromorpha prolifera 19 is thoroughly cleaned and timely transported away to be processed into the organic fertilizer.
Example 2
See fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. A method for treating inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in seawater pond culture tail water is characterized in that on the basis of the technical scheme recorded in embodiment 1, the water surface 8 of a closed pond in step (1) is 60 meters long, the water surface 8 is 40 meters wide and the water depth is 1.8 meters; the water surface 8 of the shallow pool 13 is 120 meters long, the water surface 8 is 40 meters wide, and the water depth is 0.9 meter. The length of the water surface 8 of the shallow pool 13 is 2 times of the length of the water surface 8 of the closed pool, the width of the water surface 8 is the same, the water depth is half of that of the closed pool, and the volume of the shallow pool 13 is designed to be just filled with the water volume of the next closed pool, so that the shallow pool is convenient to use in a matched mode.
Example 3
See fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. The method for treating inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in seawater pond culture tail water is characterized in that on the basis of the technical scheme recorded in the embodiment 1, the top of a low dam 7 of a closed pond in the step (1) is 3 meters wide, and the top of the low dam 7 is 0.15 meter higher than the water surface 8. The design of the low dam 7 is convenient for covering and fixing the plastic cloth bag 2 and placing the bolting silk bag 27.
Example 4
See fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. A method for treating inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in seawater pond culture tail water is characterized in that on the basis of the technical scheme recorded in embodiment 1, in the step (2), a plastic cloth bag 2 is 66 meters long and 46 meters wide; the water bag 2.2 is stuck on the plastic cloth 2.1 by glue solution or hot melting at intervals of 3 meters; the water bag 2.2 is 0.4 meter long and 0.3 meter wide. The length and width of the plastic cloth bag 2 are designed in consideration of the water surface 8 of the closed pool and the low dam 7, so that the water surface 8 and the low dam 7 are fully covered.
Example 5
See fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. According to the method for treating inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in seawater pond culture tail water, on the basis of the technical scheme recorded in the embodiment 1, two blocking nets 18 are arranged in the shallow water tank 13 in the step (5), the floating ecological enteromorpha prolifera 19 is divided into 3 blocks which are uniformly distributed on the water surface 8 of the shallow water tank 13, and the floating ecological enteromorpha prolifera 19 is prevented from being blown and piled.
Example 6
See fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Based on the technical scheme recorded in the embodiment 1, when the floating ecological enteromorpha 19 is placed in the shallow water tank 13 in the step (5) and the floating ecological enteromorpha 19 is dynamically managed by the shallow water tank 13 in the step (7), the inhabitation area of the floating ecological enteromorpha 19 accounts for 8 half of the area of the water surface of the shallow water tank 13, and the floating ecological enteromorpha 19 can be ensured to grow rapidly on the basis of fully absorbing the inorganic nitrogen and the active phosphate in the water.
Claims (10)
1. The method for treating inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in seawater pond culture tail water is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) building a closed pool and a shallow pool: building two closed pools and a shallow pool, wherein the two closed pools are a first closed pool and a second closed pool which have the same specification; the closed pool is provided with a high dam and a low dam positioned on the inner side of the high dam, and the low dam surrounding pool water is convenient for the plastic cloth bag to tightly cover the water in the closed pool after being stretched; protective plastic cloth is laid on the top of a low dam between the two closed pools to prevent the plastic cloth bag from being cut by soil blocks when being pulled from the first closed pool to the second closed pool; the bottom of the closed pool is provided with a pit for collecting sediments; the first closed pool and the second closed pool are both provided with a water inlet channel connected with the water inlet channel and a water outlet channel connected with the shallow pool, the water inlet channel is provided with a water inlet gate, the water outlet channel is provided with a water outlet gate, and a clamping groove at the outer side of the water outlet gate is provided with a plurality of wood boards which are arranged up and down; the shallow pool is provided with a drainage channel connected with the drainage channel, and the drainage channel is provided with a drainage gate; aquatic product cultivation plastic cloth is fully paved on the dam of the shallow water tank and the bottom of the shallow water tank, so that the phenomena of easy turbidity and soil exposure caused by shallow water are prevented, and the photosynthesis of the floating ecological enteromorpha is prevented from being influenced; the volume of the shallow pool can contain the water volume of the next closed pool; the shallow pool is used for cultivating floating ecological enteromorpha and consumes inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in pool water; two blocking nets are placed in the shallow water pool to prevent the floating ecological enteromorpha from being blown and gathered to influence the growth;
(2) manufacturing a plastic cloth bag: sticking plastic cloth blocks on the plastic cloth to form a water bag, and then adhering a plurality of plastic cloths with the water bag to form a large plastic cloth bag; each water bag is provided with a bottle mouth, and all the bottle mouths are arranged on the same side; the water bag is screwed with the bottle cap or the soft plug after being filled with fresh water, so that the fresh water cannot flow out; the plastic cloth bag is black and is light-tight and air-tight; the plastic cloth bag is covered on the water surface of the closed pool, and the water bag floats on the seawater and does not sink because the water bag is fresh water, so that the whole plastic cloth bag is tightly attached to the water surface to tightly cover the closed pool, and the pool water is light-tight and airtight; covering the closed pond with a plastic cloth bag, depositing plankton in the pond water at the bottom of the pond, and separating the plankton from the culture tail water in a sediment state after the pond water is discharged into a shallow pond;
(3) closing the plastic cloth bag of the pool cover: filling the two closed ponds with seawater pond culture tail water; the plastic cloth bag is flatly placed on one side of the low dam of the first closed pool, one end of the plastic cloth bag is pulled up when no wind or sun exists in the early morning, the water surface of the first closed pool is completely covered by the plastic cloth bag along the top of the low dam, and the edge of the plastic cloth bag is pressed by a woven bag filled with soil; the plastic cloth bag is tightly attached to the water surface, so that the first closed tank is light-tight and air-tight, the dissolved oxygen content in the water in the tank is low, the dissolved oxygen is consumed quickly, the phytoplankton can not carry out photosynthesis to generate oxygen because the phytoplankton can not see light, and the plankton in the water in the tank dies quickly and is deposited at the bottom of the tank; after the pond water in the first closed pond changes color and becomes clear, pulling up one end of the plastic cloth bag, covering the water surface of the second closed pond by the plastic cloth bag through a low dam between the two ponds, and pressing the edge of the plastic cloth bag by using a woven bag filled with soil; the plastic cloth bag is pulled from the first closed pool to the second closed pool, the first closed pool drains water, when the sediment at the bottom of the first closed pool is filled into the bolting silk bag, the first closed pool is refilled with the culture tail water, the plastic cloth bag is pulled from the second closed pool to the first closed pool, the second closed pool drains water, when the sediment at the bottom of the second closed pool is filled into the bolting silk bag, the second closed pool is refilled with the culture tail water, and the operation of covering the closed pool is repeated;
(4) shallow pool water inlet: when the pond water in the first closed pond changes color and the transparency is increased, detecting plankton in the pond water and water quality indexes required by discharge, and transferring the plastic cloth bag from the first closed pond to the second closed pond after the plankton is deposited at the bottom of the pond; in addition to the two water quality indexes of inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate, when other water quality indexes meet the discharge requirement, tail water of seawater pond culture in the first closed pond is directly discharged into the shallow pond; if the pond water does not meet the discharge requirement except inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate, other specified water quality indexes are treated one by one according to a conventional operation method, and the tail water of the seawater pond culture in the first closed pond is discharged into the shallow pond until all the specified water quality indexes meet the discharge requirement; when the shallow pool enters water, the water outlet gate is lifted, the wood plate outside the water outlet gate is gradually taken up from top to bottom, the upper layer water of the first closed pool is discharged firstly, and the lower layer water is discharged secondly, so that the pool bottom is prevented from being flushed; after tail water of the seawater pond culture in the shallow water pond is discharged to a natural water area after reaching the standard by floating the ecological enteromorpha, discharging pond water of the second closed pond into the shallow water pond in the same way as the above;
(5) placing floating ecological enteromorpha and draining in the shallow pool: after the shallow pool is filled with water, putting clean and soil-free floating ecological enteromorpha into the shallow pool; the floating ecological enteromorpha drifts in the shallow pool, under the photosynthesis, the floating ecological enteromorpha absorbs and utilizes inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in water to grow rapidly, a large amount of nutrient salt is consumed, and the content of the inorganic nitrogen and the active phosphate in the tail water of the pond culture of the sea in the shallow pool is reduced; through water quality detection, when two indexes of inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in pond water reach the discharge requirement, tail water of pond culture in the shallow pond and the sea is discharged to a natural water area;
(6) seepage and saline-alkali removal of closed pool sediments: after the culture tail water in the closed pond is discharged into the shallow water pond, pumping the sediments in the pit at the bottom of the pond by using a water pump and filling the sediments into a bolting silk bag; piling the perforated bolting silk bags on the top of the low dam to seep seawater outwards, transporting away the seeped seawater, and soaking the sediment with fresh water to completely discharge the salt and alkali in the sediment; the sediment is oxidized and decomposed by bacteria and converted into organic fertilizer for improving soil;
(7) dynamic management of the ecological enteromorpha in the shallow pool: regularly sorting the floating ecological enteromorpha in the shallow water pool, reserving the fresh floating ecological enteromorpha, and fishing out the floating ecological enteromorpha which changes color and becomes yellow; when the culture tail water is discharged every time, a net frame is arranged on a drainage channel leading from the shallow pool to a drainage gate, so that the floating ecological enteromorpha is prevented from being discharged out of the pool along with water, and the floating ecological enteromorpha is prevented from diffusing to pollute the environment; after the cultivation tail water is treated, the floating ecological enteromorpha prolifera in the shallow water pond is fished out completely without omission, and the floating ecological enteromorpha prolifera is thoroughly cleaned and timely transported and processed into the organic fertilizer.
2. The method for treating inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in tail water of seawater pond culture according to claim 1, wherein the water surface of the closed pond in the step (1) is 60 meters long, the water surface is 40 meters wide and the water depth is 1.8 meters.
3. The method for treating inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in tail water of seawater pond culture according to claim 1, wherein the water surface of the shallow water pond in the step (1) is 120 m long, 40 m wide and 0.9 m deep.
4. The method for treating inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in tail water of seawater pond culture according to claim 1, wherein the width of the low dam top of the closed pond in the step (1) is 3 meters, and the height of the low dam top is 0.15 meter higher than the water surface.
5. The method for treating inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in tail water of seawater pond culture according to claim 1, wherein the plastic cloth bag in the step (2) is 66 m long and 46 m wide.
6. The method for treating inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in tail water of seawater pond culture according to claim 1, wherein the water bags in the step (2) are adhered to a plastic cloth at intervals of 3 m.
7. The method for treating inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in tail water of seawater pond culture according to claim 1, wherein the water bag in the step (2) is 0.4 m long and 0.3 m wide.
8. The method for treating inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in tail water of seawater pond culture according to claim 1, wherein the water bag in the step (2) is adhered to a plastic cloth by glue or hot melting.
9. The method for treating inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in the tail water of seawater pond culture according to claim 1, wherein two pieces of barrier nets are arranged in the shallow water pond in the step (5), so that the floating ecological enteromorpha is divided into 3 pieces which are uniformly distributed on the water surface of the shallow water pond, and the floating ecological enteromorpha is prevented from being blown and piled.
10. The method for treating inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in the tail water of seawater pond culture according to claim 1, wherein when the floating ecological enteromorpha is placed in the shallow water tank in the step (5) and when the floating ecological enteromorpha is dynamically managed by the shallow water tank in the step (7), the inhabitation area of the floating ecological enteromorpha occupies a half area of the water surface of the shallow water tank.
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| CN115024272A (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2022-09-09 | 苑春亭 | Water floating air shed capable of increasing water temperature of pond |
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