CN113677554A - 具有用于显示至少一个剩余续驶里程的显示单元的电气化机动车 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种电气化机动车,该电气化机动车具有用于显示至少一个剩余续驶里程的显示单元、高压储能器和至少一个电子控制单元,所述电子控制单元基于高压储能器的荷电状态确定预期的最小续驶里程并且基于高压储能器的温度以及高压储能器的荷电状态确定与温度相关的补贴续驶里程,如果最小续驶里程降低到零,则显示所述补贴续驶里程,以代替最小续驶里程。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电气化机动车、尤其是纯电动车辆,其具有用于显示至少一个剩余续驶里程的显示单元。
背景技术
已知多种用于确定和显示机动车中(尤其是电动车辆和/或混合动力车辆中)的剩余续驶里程的设备和方法。在下文中也将术语“剩余续驶里程”简称为续驶里程。
目前,几乎每辆车中都会确定并且例如在车载计算机功能的范围中或在组合仪表中显示基础剩余续驶里程,所述基础剩余续驶里程由当前的油箱容量或储能器容量相对于当前的燃料消耗或能量消耗的比例得出。
由DE19612062B4已知一种用于与车辆能量消耗有关的数据的显示单元,其中,代替剩余续驶里程值而显示剩余续驶里程范围,所述剩余续驶里程范围根据在储能器中当前含有的能量数量在考虑到不同的驾驶方式和不同的驾驶条件下来确定。所述范围的界限可以在考虑车辆特定的和必要时驾驶员特定的消耗谱(Verbrauchsspektrum)的不同的驾驶方式以及驾驶条件下确定。通过在确定的时间段内评估驾驶员的个体驾驶行为,可以根据经验适配所示的剩余续驶里程范围。
例如由DE102009039092A1已知一种用于确定至少两种不同限定的剩余续驶里程的方法,通过为驾驶员显示至少两种不同限定的剩余续驶里程可以快速地识别出驾驶员的驾驶方式是否是高能效的或者驾驶员的驾驶方式与高能效驾驶方式之间的差异有多大。
此外,由DE102015222795A1已知一种显示单元,其用于根据至少一个驱动系统的能量储备(例如在内燃机驱动装置中为油箱含量和/或在电动驱动装置中为高压电池荷电状态)显示机动车中的至少一个剩余续驶里程,其中,尽管存在能量储备,当存在至少一个限定的运行条件时,可隐没剩余续驶里程的显示。优选地,限定的运行条件至少能够推断出驱动系统(例如具有电动机的驱动系统、具有内燃机的驱动系统、具有燃料电池的驱动系统等)的单元暂时不可用。
发明内容
现在,本发明的任务是,在功能上扩展用于显示电气化机动车的剩余续驶里程的显示系统并且提高尤其是在纯电动车辆中的可用续驶里程。
根据本发明,所述任务通过独立权利要求的特征来解决。有利的进一步改进方案是从属权利要求的主题。
本发明涉及一种电气化机动车,该电气化机动车具有用于显示至少一个剩余续驶里程的显示单元、高压储能器和至少一个电子控制单元,所述电子控制单元基于高压储能器的荷电状态确定预期的最小续驶里程并且基于高压储能器的温度以及高压储能器的荷电状态确定与温度相关的补贴续驶里程,如果最小续驶里程降低到零,则显示所述补贴续驶里程,以代替最小续驶里程。
本发明基于以下考虑和认识:
高压储能器是车辆中最昂贵的构件。所获得的每公里续驶里程是重要的。通过优化的功能可以使驾驶员能够实现更好地利用所述组件。
现有技术:
-高压储能器在高负荷(如高速公路行驶和快速充电)时升温。
-热的高压储能器比冷的高压储能器能够放电直至更低的荷电状态(SOC)。
-当前的高压储能器利用预留量,以便在停车之后还能够继续为驾驶员提供续驶里程。
-如果高压储能器在停车之后变冷,那么高压储能器在停车过程之后可能不再能够投入运行。
与图3相关地进一步阐述现有技术。图3示意性地示出根据现有技术的显示策略,其中,在x轴上绘制出高压储能器温度T_HVS并且在y轴上绘制出高压储能器荷电状态SOC(state of charge):
在尤其是纯电动车辆长距离运行时,出于公差误差和安全性原因不能向驾驶员释放全部可用的能量作为所显示的安全的续驶里程。仅安全可达到的最小续驶里程R_0作为所释放的具有预留量的续驶里程示出。在显示所释放的续驶里程R_0为“0km”之后,驾驶员在显示装置中不知道,他实际上还具有多少续驶里程:
-电动车辆在达到0km的续驶里程显示之后直至最终的行驶终点F_end都以没有续驶里程显示或者具有所释放的续驶里程R_0=0km的所谓的“乌龟模式(Turtle-Mode)”TM继续运行。
-在“正常的”运行温度(大约T_HVS>10℃)情况下使用恒定的预先给定的最小电池荷电状态(SOC_min),以避免由于冷却造成的续驶里程损失。
-不向驾驶员显示附加可用的能量。
-通过显示所释放的续驶里程R_0=0km对行驶终点的显示通常早于必要地进行,因为可能还没有达到实际的行驶终点F_end。
本发明的基本构思:
如果驾驶员通过相应的提高高压储能器温度的驾驶方式达到优化区域(BM;图1),在该优化区域中通过提高的高压储能器温度(T_HVS)能够释放超出“正常的”最大释放的续驶里程(“ERange”)的附加续驶里程(“ERange Bonus”),那么驾驶员通过另外的或替代的显示(例如在组合仪表中的“ERange Bonus+25km”)提供该优化区域。优选地,至少当预期在停车之后高压储能器冷却时,进行提示,该提示要求驾驶员在所述优化区域中停车时对储能器进行充电。优选地,优化区域中的附加的续驶里程的显示在该车辆停车之后有规律地失效。
换句话说:
-驾驶员在相应的驾驶方式中获得向其显示的补贴续驶里程。
-根据高压储能器温度影响的驾驶方式和/或边界条件,续驶里程在行驶期间连续地提高或降低。
-在常规续驶里程显示中达到0km显示之后,用于电动行驶的补贴续驶里程在其位置上叠现或者附加地显示。
本发明出人意料地如下地实现,即例如多次相继的行驶虽然一方面降低了高压储能器的荷电状态(SOC),但是通过由此产生的高压储能器的发热仍然能够引起实际续驶里程增加。尤其是,在由于高压储能器的进一步温度提高引起的大约25°的起始温度时续驶里程可显著提高。在车辆停车时可以预见性地询问天气报告,通过该天气报告可以确定电池的预期冷却。取决于此,在车辆停车时向驾驶员发出要求:在所预期的低温下推荐外部充电。
优点:
-在长距离运行中驾驶员能够从多达8%的附加续驶里程中获益。
-通过直接的透明度,驾驶员可以优化其驾驶方式,以便制订优化的续驶里程。
附图说明
借助附图描述本发明的一种实施例。附图中:
图1示意性地示出相对于根据现有技术的显示策略(图3)改变的根据本发明的显示策略,
图2a示出当所释放的续驶里程还没有耗尽时附加的补贴续驶里程显示,以及
图2b示出当所释放的续驶里程耗尽时替代的补贴续驶里程显示。
具体实施方式
图1示意性地示出基于高压储能器的荷电状态SOC通常确定预期的最小续驶里程,它可以作为释放的续驶里程R_0显示。至少部分地、即在此在确定的高压储能器温度T_HVS_S以上,该确定独立于高压储能器温度T_HVS。在确定的高压储能器温度T_HVS_S以上的优化区域BM中,附加地基于高压储能器的温度T_HVS和高压储能器的荷电状态SOC确定与温度相关的补贴续驶里程R_1。在优化区域BM中显示出这种补贴续驶里程R_1。
图2a和图2b示出对于根据本发明的电气化机动车最重要的组件:显示单元A,其形式为具有两个显示区域A1和A2的组合仪表;高压储能器HVS;以及电子控制单元S,该电子控制单元可以同时是驱动马达控制装置。该控制单元S如上所述确定所释放的续驶里程R_0以及与温度相关的补贴续驶里程R_1。
在图2a中,当如在显示区域A1中示出的最小续驶里程R_0还没有降低到0km时,附加于最小续驶里程R_0,还在显示区域A2中显示出补贴续驶里程R_1。
在图2b中,当最小续驶里程R_0已经降低到0km时,在显示区域A1中显示补贴续驶里程R_1,以代替最小续驶里程R_0。
此外,在图2b中,附加于补贴续驶里程R_1之外还输出要求,即在下一次停放车辆时应外部充电。在此,在第一种替代方案中,当最小续驶里程R_0是零时总是进行该要求,或者在第二种替代方案中,仅当在车辆停车之后预先确定高压储能器冷却到不再能起动该电动车辆的温度时,才进行该要求。这种温度预先确定例如可以通过将控制单元S与电子天气报告结合来进行。在图1中示例性地示出在四次行驶F1至F4中的每次行驶之后与温度相关的荷电状态SOC。在行驶F3之后示出第一种情况,在该第一种情况中尽管高压储能器HVS在机动车停车之后冷却仍然能够起动。在行驶F4之后示出第二种情况,在该第二种情况中尽管高压储能器HVS在机动车停车之后冷却但不再能起动。因此,至少在行驶F4之后,将根据图2b进行在行驶结束之后的充电要求。
在第一种替代方案中,补贴续驶里程R_1的显示优选总是在车辆停车时被重置。在第二替代方案中,补贴续驶里程R_1的显示优选可以仅在重新起动机动车时被重置,如果高压储能器HVS的温度T_HVS在重新起动时比在该机动车的先前停车时低。
Claims (7)
1.电气化机动车,该电气化机动车具有:用于显示至少一个剩余续驶里程(R_0;R_1)的显示单元(A;A1、A2);高压储能器(HVS);以及至少一个电子控制单元(S),所述电子控制单元基于高压储能器(HVS)的荷电状态(SOC)确定预期的最小续驶里程(R_0)并且基于高压储能器(HVS)的温度(T_HVS)以及高压储能器(HVS)的荷电状态(SOC)确定与温度相关的补贴续驶里程(R_1),如果最小续驶里程(R_0)降低到零(0km),则显示所述补贴续驶里程,以代替最小续驶里程(R_0)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电气化机动车,其特征在于,当所述最小续驶里程(R_0)还没有降低到零(0km)时,除了该最小续驶里程(R_0)之外还显示所述补贴续驶里程(R_1)。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电气化机动车,其特征在于,当所述最小续驶里程(R_0)已经降低到零(0km)时,除了在该车辆下一次停车时的补贴续驶里程(R_1)之外还显示对该车辆外部充电的要求。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电气化机动车,其特征在于,仅当所述最小续驶里程(R_0)已经降低到零(0km)时并且在车辆停车之后预先确定高压储能器会冷却到不再能起动该电动车辆的温度(T_HVS)时,除了在该车辆下一次停车时的补贴续驶里程(R_1)之外还显示对该车辆外部充电的要求。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电气化机动车,其特征在于,所述补贴续驶里程(R_1)在该车辆停车时被重置。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电气化机动车,其特征在于,如果高压储能器(HVS)的温度(T_HVS)在重新起动时比在该车辆的先前停车时低,则所述补贴续驶里程(R_1)在该车辆重新起动时被重置。
7.用于电气化机动车的电子控制单元(S),该电气化机动车具有用于显示至少一个剩余续驶里程(R_0;R_1)的显示单元(A;A1、A2)和高压储能器(HVS),其中,该电子控制单元(S)设计为使得基于高压储能器(HVS)的荷电状态(SOC)能确定预期的最小续驶里程(R_0)并且基于高压储能器(HVS)的温度(T_HVS)以及高压储能器(HVS)的荷电状态(SOC)能确定与温度相关的补贴续驶里程(R_1),如果最小续驶里程(R_0)降低到零(0km),则能显示所述补贴续驶里程,以代替最小续驶里程(R_0)。
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