CN113666775A - Device and method for composting household kitchen garbage with earthworms - Google Patents
Device and method for composting household kitchen garbage with earthworms Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/02—Apparatus for the manufacture
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- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/05—Treatments involving invertebrates, e.g. worms, flies or maggots
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/60—Heating or cooling during the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/907—Small-scale devices without mechanical means for feeding or discharging material, e.g. garden compost bins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
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- C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
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- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for composting household kitchen waste by earthworms, wherein the device comprises a kitchen waste putting area for putting household kitchen waste; the rinsing and crushing area is used for removing oil and salt from the kitchen garbage and crushing the kitchen garbage into particles; the aerobic composting area is used for carrying out aerobic degradation on the crushed kitchen garbage; the earthworm composting area is used for taking in kitchen garbage through earthworms and converting the kitchen garbage into organic fertilizer; and the control panel area is respectively connected with the kitchen garbage throwing area, the rinsing and crushing area, the aerobic composting area and the earthworm composting area. The invention can realize the source degradation and the cyclic utilization of household kitchen garbage, and has high automation degree and good treatment effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of household kitchen waste treatment, in particular to a device and a method for composting household kitchen waste by earthworms.
Background
The kitchen waste is organic waste with large production amount and high nutritive value. Nearly 9700 ten thousand tons of kitchen waste are generated in China in 2016, 36 thousand tons of kitchen waste are generated in Shanghai city in 2015-2017, and the daily average kitchen waste yield in Shanghai city exceeds 1300 tons. If the kitchen waste can not be properly treated, the problems that leachate pollutes underground water, toxic gas and greenhouse gas are discharged, mosquitoes, flies, pathogenic microorganisms are bred and the like are easily caused. At present, the most common kitchen waste treatment methods at home and abroad include a landfill method, a burning method, a crushing direct discharge method, an aerobic composting method, an anaerobic fermentation method, a feed treatment and the like, but each method has limitations. The landfill method needs large occupied area and large investment, and is easy to produce percolate polluting underground water. In the burning method, the kitchen garbage has high water content and low heat value, and is easy to cause air pollution, emission of harmful gases such as furan, dioxin and the like and fire disasters when the garbage is not completely burned. The small kitchen waste disposer which can not be applied to household treatment in a direct crushing way has low popularization degree. The aerobic composting needs to sort and pick the garbage in advance, and the cost is higher. Anaerobic fermentation also has the disadvantages of easy acidification, easy generation of mosquito and fly irritant gases and the like.
Most household kitchen waste disposers on the market in China use the principle of crushing and direct discharging. However, at present, sewage pipes and rainwater pipes are not separated in China, and the crushed particle products are directly discharged to the pipelines and easily block the pipelines and pollute underground water, so that the kitchen waste disposer is not suitable for being popularized and used in families.
Earthworm composting treatment of kitchen waste is a biological treatment technology utilizing the feeding characteristic of earthworms. The earthworms eat the kitchen garbage, promote the decomposition and transformation of organic substances mainly through the grinding effect of the sand sacs and the microbial effect in intestinal tracts, and convert the complex kitchen garbage into soluble nutrients. The muscle movement of the earthworm foregut and intestinal tract can add mucus and various enzymes (mainly comprising cellulase, amylase, protease, phosphatase and the like) into the digested waste, and increase the surface area of the waste to promote the decomposition of microorganisms. California corporation utilized 5 hundred million earthworms to treat 200 tons of waste per day. The Sydney Olympic uses 4 million earthworms to prevent the garbage in Olympic village from going out of village. The earthworm compost kitchen waste can be used for producing nutrient-rich earthworm casts, and is the king of organic fertilizers with high fertilizer value.
At present, the research on the treatment of kitchen waste by earthworm composting has been advanced to some extent, but still has a plurality of defects. In the past, a large-scale industrial degradation means has been focused on, and reports on-site treatment of daily household kitchen waste have been relatively few.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, there is a need to provide a device and a method for earthworm composting household kitchen waste, which can realize the source degradation and recycling of household kitchen waste.
An apparatus for earthworm composting household kitchen waste, comprising:
the kitchen waste putting area is used for putting household kitchen waste;
the rinsing and crushing area is used for removing oil and salt from the kitchen garbage and crushing the kitchen garbage into particles;
the aerobic composting area is used for carrying out aerobic degradation on the crushed kitchen garbage;
the earthworm composting area is used for taking in kitchen garbage through earthworms and converting the kitchen garbage into organic fertilizer;
and the control panel area is respectively connected with the kitchen garbage throwing area, the rinsing and crushing area, the aerobic composting area and the earthworm composting area.
In one embodiment, the kitchen waste throwing area comprises a throwing opening and a sieve plate, the throwing opening can throw household kitchen waste, and the sieve plate is arranged in the middle of the inner part of the throwing opening.
In one embodiment, the rinsing fragmentation zone comprises:
the tap water interface is arranged in the kitchen waste putting area and positioned above the sieve plate, and the tap water interface washes the kitchen waste through tap water;
the percolate recovery pipe is arranged below the sieve plate and can recover and discharge the flushing percolate of the kitchen garbage into a sewer;
the garbage crushing cavity is arranged at the bottom of the throwing port and is positioned below the sieve plate;
the crushing blade is arranged in the garbage crushing cavity and can crush kitchen garbage into particles.
In one embodiment, the outside of the garbage crushing cavity is coated with a vacuum isolation layer.
In one embodiment, the aerobic composting zone comprises:
the aerobic composting cavity is arranged at the bottom of the garbage crushing cavity, and a stirrer is arranged inside the aerobic composting cavity and can stir granular kitchen garbage;
the microbial inoculum feeding port is communicated with the aerobic composting cavity, and microbial inoculum for aerobic composting can be fed into the aerobic composting cavity through the microbial inoculum feeding port;
the first fan is arranged on the aerobic composting cavity, and gas in the aerobic composting cavity can be discharged to the outside of the aerobic composting cavity after sequentially passing through the first activated carbon plate, the first ventilation plate and the first fan;
the first temperature and humidity monitor is used for monitoring the temperature and the humidity in the aerobic composting cavity;
the first heating plate is used for heating the aerobic composting cavity;
and the conveying pipe is arranged between the aerobic composting cavity and the earthworm composting area and can convey the kitchen waste after aerobic degradation to the earthworm composting area.
In one embodiment, the earthworm composting zone comprises:
a plurality of earthworm composting boxes, each earthworm composting box being individually communicable with the transport pipe;
the water spraying holes are formed in the earthworm composting box and are connected with a tap water connector, and the water spraying holes can spray water to the earthworm composting box;
the second fan is arranged on the earthworm composting box, and gas in the earthworm composting box can be discharged to the outside of the earthworm composting box after sequentially passing through the second activated carbon plate, the second vent plate and the second fan; the second fan can convey external air to the earthworm composting box and is matched with the water spray holes to cool the earthworm composting box;
the second heating plate is used for heating the earthworm composting box;
and the second temperature and humidity monitor is used for monitoring the temperature and the humidity in the earthworm composting box.
In one embodiment, the control panel area comprises a kitchen garbage type prompt area, a start key, a first interface, a second interface and a third interface;
the kitchen waste type prompting area can prompt the type of kitchen waste, and the starting key is used for controlling the starting operation of the kitchen waste throwing area, the rinsing and crushing area, the aerobic composting area and the earthworm composting area;
the first interface is connected with the tap water interface;
the second interface is connected with the throwing port;
the third interface is connected with the microbial inoculum input port.
A method for composting household kitchen garbage with earthworms comprises the following steps:
s1, putting the household kitchen waste into a kitchen waste putting area;
s2, rinsing the kitchen waste with water, keeping the oil content less than 5% and the salt content less than 0.2%, and crushing the kitchen waste;
s3, adding a special microbial inoculum for composting to carry out aerobic composting, keeping the composting temperature at 70 ℃, and carrying out high-temperature aerobic composting for 24 hours;
and S4, conveying the aerobic compost product to an earthworm composting area for earthworm composting for 6 days.
In one embodiment, in step S4, Eisenia foetida is selected for composting and the composting inoculation density is 15 strips/100 cm2The matrix of the earthworm compost is as follows: the proportion is 4: 1 peat soil and zeolite.
In one embodiment, in the earthworm compost zone, the ratio of the substrate to the kitchen waste of the earthworm compost is 4: 1.
according to the device and the method for composting household kitchen waste by using earthworms, the household kitchen waste is thrown into the kitchen waste throwing area, then is rinsed and crushed and enters the aerobic composting area, aerobic composting is carried out by using a microbial inoculum used for the aerobic composting, and then is transmitted to the earthworm composting area through a transmission pipeline, so that the earthworm manure is finally and completely degraded, and organic fertilizer earthworm dung is obtained.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an apparatus for earthworm composting household kitchen waste of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a control panel area of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiments.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Referring to fig. 1-2, an embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for earthworm composting household kitchen waste, including:
the kitchen waste putting area is used for putting household kitchen waste;
the rinsing and crushing area is used for removing oil and salt from the kitchen garbage and crushing the kitchen garbage into particles;
the aerobic composting area is used for carrying out aerobic degradation on the crushed kitchen garbage;
the earthworm composting area is used for taking in kitchen garbage through earthworms and converting the kitchen garbage into organic fertilizer;
and the control panel area is respectively connected with the kitchen garbage throwing area, the rinsing and crushing area, the aerobic composting area and the earthworm composting area.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the kitchen waste throwing area includes a throwing port 3 and a sieve plate 6, the throwing port 3 can throw household kitchen waste, and the sieve plate 6 is disposed at an intermediate position inside the throwing port 3. Be provided with a plurality of sieve meshes on the orifice plate 6, when rinsing kitchen garbage, wash the filtration liquid and can filter the outflow through the sieve mesh.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the rinsing and crushing area includes:
the tap water interface 2 is arranged in the kitchen waste putting area and is positioned above the sieve plate 6, and the tap water interface 2 washes the kitchen waste through tap water;
the percolate recovery pipe 14 is arranged below the sieve plate 6, and the percolate recovery pipe 14 can recover and discharge the flushing percolate of the kitchen garbage into a sewer;
the garbage crushing cavity 7 is arranged at the bottom of the throwing port 3 and is positioned below the sieve plate 6;
the crushing blade 8 is arranged in the garbage crushing cavity 7, and the crushing blade 8 can crush the kitchen garbage into particles.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the exterior of the garbage crushing chamber 7 is covered with a vacuum isolation layer 23. The vacuum insulation layer 23 can have a sound-insulating and noise-reducing effect.
In one embodiment of the invention, the aerobic composting zone comprises:
the aerobic composting cavity 9 is arranged at the bottom of the garbage crushing cavity 7, a stirrer 12 is arranged inside the aerobic composting cavity 9, and the stirrer 12 can stir granular kitchen garbage;
the microbial inoculum feeding port 4 is communicated with the aerobic composting cavity 9, and microbial inoculum for aerobic composting can be fed into the aerobic composting cavity 9 through the microbial inoculum feeding port 4;
the first fan 10 is arranged on the aerobic composting cavity 9, and the gas in the aerobic composting cavity 9 can be discharged to the outside of the aerobic composting cavity 9 after sequentially passing through the first activated carbon plate 15, the first ventilation plate 16 and the first fan 10;
a first temperature and humidity monitor 11 for monitoring the temperature and humidity in the aerobic composting cavity 9;
the first heating plate 13 is used for heating the aerobic composting cavity 9; this heating temperature is typically 70 °.
And the conveying pipe 17 is arranged between the aerobic composting cavity 9 and the earthworm composting area, and the conveying pipe 17 can convey the kitchen waste after aerobic degradation to the earthworm composting area.
It should be noted that the microbial inoculum used in the aerobic composting area can degrade kitchen waste rapidly, the stirrer 12 can stir and inject oxygen to accelerate the degradation of kitchen waste, the first heating plate 13 can keep the optimal temperature for the microbial inoculum, the first fan 10 is installed on the left side of the aerobic composting cavity 9 to realize ventilation, the first temperature and humidity monitor 11 is installed to monitor the temperature in the aerobic composting cavity 9, and the activated carbon plate 15 and the ventilation plate 16 are installed on the right side of the aerobic composting cavity 9. The first fan 10 on the left side, the activated carbon plate 15 and the ventilation plate 16 on the right side form a unique channel for air circulation in the aerobic composting cavity 9, and the problem of outward transmission of irritant gases possibly brought by aerobic composting is also prevented.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the earthworm composting zone comprises:
a plurality of earthworm composting boxes 18, each earthworm composting box 18 being individually communicable with the transfer pipe 17;
the water spraying holes 19 are formed in the earthworm composting box 18, the water spraying holes 19 are connected with the tap water connector 2, and the water spraying holes 19 can spray water to the earthworm composting box 18;
the second fan 20 is installed on the earthworm composting box 18, and the gas in the earthworm composting box 18 can be discharged to the outside of the earthworm composting box 18 after sequentially passing through the second activated carbon plate 24, the second ventilation plate 25 and the second fan 20; the second fan 20 can deliver external air to the earthworm composting box 18 and is matched with the water spray holes 19 to cool the earthworm composting box 18;
a second heating plate 21 for heating the earthworm composting box 18;
and the second temperature and humidity monitor 22 is used for monitoring the temperature and the humidity in the earthworm composting box 18.
It should be noted that seven earthworm compost bins 18 of the present invention are used, and kitchen waste in each day is treated separately, and the seven earthworm compost bins are respectively monday, tuesday, wednesday, thursday, friday, saturday and sunday from top to bottom. The kitchen waste put into the user on Monday is put into the earthworm compost box 18 on Monday after being pretreated, the kitchen waste on Tuesday is put into the earthworm compost box 18 on Tuesday, and so on. Therefore, the kitchen garbage thrown by the user every day in one week has enough time to degrade.
In the earthworm composting area, except seven earthworm composting boxes 18, a second fan 20 is arranged on the left side in the earthworm composting area, and a second activated carbon plate 24 and a second ventilation plate 25 are arranged on the right side in the earthworm composting area, so that irritant gas is filtered and discharged, and the transmission of the irritant gas which may be generated is avoided. A second temperature and humidity monitor 22, a water spraying hole 19 and a second heating plate 21 are arranged in the area, the proper temperature (18-23 ℃) of the earthworm compost is strictly formed, and the high-speed operation of the earthworm compost area is realized. Meanwhile, the earthworm casts generated in the earthworm composting area can be recycled and used for planting household flowers and vegetables, so that the use purpose of changing waste into valuable is achieved.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the control panel area includes a kitchen garbage type prompt area 1, a start key 5, a first interface 26, a second interface 27, and a third interface 28; kitchen waste type suggestion district 1 can indicate the type of kitchen waste, start key 5 is used for controlling kitchen waste puts in district, rinses broken district, good oxygen compost district and earthworm compost district start-up operation. The first interface 26 is connected with the tap water interface 2; the second interface 27 is connected with the input port 3; the third interface 28 is connected with the microbial inoculum input port 4.
An embodiment of the invention provides a method for composting household kitchen garbage with earthworms, which comprises the following steps:
s1, putting the household kitchen waste into a kitchen waste putting area;
s2, rinsing the kitchen waste with water, keeping the oil content less than 5% and the salt content less than 0.2%, and crushing the kitchen waste; in this example, the kitchen waste contains a relatively high amount of oil and salt. The kitchen waste is prone to acid due to high grease, the osmotic pressure of cells is unbalanced and the cells are dehydrated due to high salt content, the fermentation process is inhibited, and the biodegradation efficiency is obviously reduced. In order to improve the treatment efficiency, most of oil and salt in the kitchen garbage are removed by rinsing water, so that the oil content and the salt content are respectively kept less than 5% and 0.2%.
S3, adding a special microbial inoculum for composting to carry out aerobic composting, keeping the composting temperature at 70 ℃, and carrying out high-temperature aerobic composting for 24 hours; in this embodiment, pretreatment such as aerobic composting or anaerobic fermentation is performed before earthworm composting, which is helpful for improving the efficiency of subsequent earthworm composting. At present, the main trend is to improve the degradation rate of aerobic compost by using microbial inoculum. The inoculation of the microbial inoculum can strengthen the activity of a microbial system in the composting process and accelerate the composting process. In the method, a high-temperature aerobic composting mode of adding a special microbial inoculum for grain-centered composting is adopted, wherein the microbial inoculum mainly comprises bacillus flora, lactic acid flora, aspergillus flora and the like.
And S4, conveying the aerobic compost product to an earthworm composting area for earthworm composting for 6 days. In this embodiment, earthworms are used to eat kitchen waste and discharge earthworm cast, so as to obtain the earthworm cast, the king of organic fertilizer. The wormcast is high in microbial activity, abundance value and diversity, contains a large amount of ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium, and is a good plant growth regulator. The method utilizes the earthworms to compost the household kitchen garbage, thereby not only realizing the in-situ treatment of the waste, but also realizing the resource utilization of the waste.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in step S4, Eisenia fetida is selected for composting, and the composting inoculation density is 15 strips/100 cm2The matrix of the earthworm compost is as follows: the proportion is 4: 1 peat soil and zeolite.
Although many kinds of earthworms can decompose organic substances, the decomposition efficiency of different species is different. Compared with the local species of the lumbricus in Shanghai, the decomposition rate of the Eisenia foetida in unit time is far greater than that of the lumbricus. Compared with other two surface species (Eudilus eugeneiae, Perionyx excavatus), Eisenia fetida breeds fastest in compost, and the increase ratio of the Eisenia fetida to the nutrient content in the compost product is the largest. The Eisenia foetida selected by the method is used for composting organic wastes because of the preference for organic matters, fast growth, high reproduction rate and strong adaptability, and is more reasonable in the aspect of resource utilization of kitchen wastes. In other embodiments of the present invention, the earthworms may be of other kinds.
It should be noted that, as the density of earthworms increases, competition between food and space in the population increases, the biomass of Eisenia foetida gradually decreases, and the growth rate becomes slow. And the inoculation density is too low, so the composting efficiency becomes slow. The inoculation density of Eisenia fetida is 15 strips/100 cm2The growth condition of the earthworms and the degradation effect on the kitchen waste are the best.
In addition, cow dung is a common organic compost improver and can enhance the composting efficiency of earthworms, but is not suitable for the composting environment of kitchen waste in a household environment. Peat soil and zeolite are used as novel compost substrates, and researches indicate that in the substrates consisting of peat soil and zeolite, the oxidative stress response of earthworms is minimum. Moreover, the zeolite can increase the porosity and oxygen supply of the compost body, is beneficial to the growth of microorganisms and accelerates the decomposition of organic matters. The method comprises the following steps: the zeolite is 4: 1 is the optimal compost proportion, and the growth condition of the earthworms and the degradation effect on the kitchen waste are optimal.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in the earthworm compost area, the ratio of the substrate of the earthworm compost to the kitchen waste is 4: 1.
when the substrate and the kitchen waste are mixed for composting, the proportion of the substrate and the kitchen waste needs to be adjusted to be in a proper carbon-nitrogen ratio, and higher composting efficiency can be obtained. When the mass ratio of the substrate to the kitchen garbage is 1: 1 and 2: at 1 hour, all earthworms died after 2 weeks of culture. In the method, the mass ratio of the substrate to the kitchen garbage is 4: 1 hour, the growth and reproduction conditions of Eisenia foetida are optimal, and the method is also the optimal condition for earthworm composting kitchen waste.
The invention will be further described below by taking practical use as an example:
in daily households, 1.5kg of kitchen garbage is generated on average every day, and the kitchen garbage mainly comprises leftovers. The kitchen garbage is rinsed for 30 seconds to remove oil and salt, and the oil content and the salt content are controlled to be 5 percent and 0.2 percent. Breaking the kitchen garbage without oil and salt. Preparing 75ml of tap water, adding 0.15g of brown sugar and 0.15g of bacterial powder special for the gumeoxin compost, stirring until the brown sugar and the bacterial powder are completely dissolved, and stirring for 1 time every hour within 8 hours. 75ml of the microbial inoculum solution is mixed with water and uniformly sprayed and stirred in the kitchen garbage until the kitchen garbage can be agglomerated but does not drip water. Raising the temperature of the aerobic composting environment to 70 ℃, composting for 24 hours at high temperature, and stirring the compost body every 1 hour in the period. After 24 hours, the kitchen waste is removed and cooled to 20 ℃. In the earthworm compost box, Eisenia foetida is inoculated at the density of 15 earthworms/100 cm2 according to the matrix: the kitchen garbage is 4: 1, the matrix consists of peat soil and zeolite, wherein the peat soil: the zeolite is 4: 1 mixing 4.8kg of peat soil and 1.2kg of zeolite, adding water, and mixing uniformly to reach 70% of humidity. And (3) transferring the kitchen waste after aerobic composting into an earthworm composting box, and composting for 6 days by controlling the earthworm composting temperature to be 18-23 ℃ and the humidity to be 70%. After 6 days, the kitchen garbage is basically decomposed, and the earthworm casts can be recovered. The earthworm casts can be added into household flowerpots or vegetable pots to improve soil fertility and promote plant growth. When the earthworm composting device is used in a household, garbage generated every time in Monday is collected, the garbage is treated at 6 o' clock late, rinsing water and crushing are firstly carried out, then high-temperature aerobic composting is carried out for 24 hours, earthworm composting is carried out for 6 days after the temperature of the composting body drops, and the rest is done from Tuesday to Sunday. Therefore, kitchen waste generated on Monday can be pretreated on the same day, kitchen waste generated on Tuesday can be pretreated on the next Monday, and by analogy, 7 earthworm composting boxes are used alternately, so that the complete treatment of the kitchen waste generated on each week in a family can be ensured.
To sum up, the device and the method for earthworm composting household kitchen waste put the household kitchen waste into the kitchen waste putting area, then the household kitchen waste is rinsed with water and crushed to enter the aerobic composting area, aerobic composting is carried out by using a microbial inoculum used for the aerobic composting, and then the household kitchen waste is transmitted to the earthworm composting area through a transmission pipeline, and finally the organic fertilizer earthworm dung is completely degraded to obtain the organic fertilizer earthworm dung.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-described examples merely represent several embodiments of the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the claims. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a device of earthworm compost family kitchen garbage which characterized in that includes:
the kitchen waste putting area is used for putting household kitchen waste;
the rinsing and crushing area is used for removing oil and salt from the kitchen garbage and crushing the kitchen garbage into particles;
the aerobic composting area is used for carrying out aerobic degradation on the crushed kitchen garbage;
the earthworm composting area is used for taking in kitchen garbage through earthworms and converting the kitchen garbage into organic fertilizer;
and the control panel area is respectively connected with the kitchen garbage throwing area, the rinsing and crushing area, the aerobic composting area and the earthworm composting area.
2. An earthworm composting household kitchen waste device according to claim 1, characterized in that the kitchen waste throwing area comprises a throwing opening (3) and a sieve plate (6), the throwing opening (3) can throw household kitchen waste, and the sieve plate (6) is arranged at the middle position inside the throwing opening (3).
3. The apparatus for earthworm composting household kitchen waste as claimed in claim 2, wherein the rinsing and crushing zone comprises:
the tap water interface (2) is arranged in the kitchen waste putting area and is positioned above the sieve plate (6), and the tap water interface (2) washes the kitchen waste through tap water;
the percolate recovery pipe (14) is arranged below the sieve plate (6), and the percolate recovery pipe (14) can recover and discharge the flushing percolate of kitchen waste into a sewer;
the garbage crushing cavity (7) is arranged at the bottom of the throwing opening (3) and is positioned below the sieve plate (6);
the crushing blade (8) is arranged in the garbage crushing cavity (7), and the crushing blade (8) can crush the kitchen garbage into particles.
4. An apparatus for earthworm composting household kitchen waste according to claim 3, characterized in that the outside of the waste crushing chamber (7) is covered with a vacuum insulation layer (23).
5. An apparatus for earthworm composting household kitchen waste according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the aerobic composting zone comprises:
the aerobic composting cavity (9) is arranged at the bottom of the garbage crushing cavity (7), a stirrer (12) is arranged inside the aerobic composting cavity (9), and the stirrer (12) can stir granular kitchen garbage;
the microbial inoculum feeding port (4) is communicated with the aerobic composting cavity (9), and microbial inoculum for aerobic composting can be fed into the aerobic composting cavity (9) through the microbial inoculum feeding port (4);
the first fan (10) is arranged on the aerobic composting cavity (9), and gas in the aerobic composting cavity (9) can be discharged to the outside of the aerobic composting cavity (9) after sequentially passing through the first activated carbon plate (15), the first ventilation plate (16) and the first fan (10);
the first temperature and humidity monitoring instrument (11) is used for monitoring the temperature and the humidity in the aerobic composting cavity (9);
the first heating plate (13) is used for heating the aerobic composting cavity (9);
the conveying pipe (17) is arranged between the aerobic composting cavity (9) and the earthworm composting area, and the conveying pipe (17) can convey the kitchen waste after aerobic degradation to the earthworm composting area.
6. The apparatus for earthworm composting household kitchen waste as claimed in claim 5, wherein the earthworm composting zone comprises:
a plurality of earthworm composting boxes (18), each earthworm composting box (18) being individually communicable with the transport pipe (17);
the water spraying holes (19) are formed in the earthworm composting box (18), the water spraying holes (19) are connected with a tap water connector (2), and the water spraying holes (19) can spray water to the earthworm composting box (18);
the second fan (20) is arranged on the earthworm composting box (18), and gas in the earthworm composting box (18) can be discharged to the outside of the earthworm composting box (18) after sequentially passing through the second active carbon plate (24), the second ventilation plate (25) and the second fan (20); the second fan (20) can convey external air to the earthworm composting box (18) and is matched with the water spraying holes (19) to cool the earthworm composting box (18);
a second heating plate (21) for heating the earthworm composting box (18);
and the second temperature and humidity monitor (22) is used for monitoring the temperature and the humidity in the earthworm composting box (18).
7. An earthworm composting household kitchen waste device according to claim 5, characterized in that the control panel area comprises a kitchen waste type prompt area (1), a start key (5), a first interface (26), a second interface (27) and a third interface (28);
the kitchen waste type prompting area (1) can prompt the type of kitchen waste, and the starting key (5) is used for controlling the starting operation of the kitchen waste throwing area, the rinsing and crushing area, the aerobic composting area and the earthworm composting area;
the first interface (26) is connected with the tap water interface (2);
the second interface (27) is connected with the throwing port (3);
the third interface (28) is connected with the microbial inoculum putting port (4).
8. A method of using the earthworm composting household kitchen waste as claimed in any of the claims 1-7, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
s1, putting the household kitchen waste into a kitchen waste putting area;
s2, rinsing the kitchen waste with water, keeping the oil content less than 5% and the salt content less than 0.2%, and crushing the kitchen waste;
s3, adding a special microbial inoculum for composting to carry out aerobic composting, keeping the composting temperature at 70 ℃, and carrying out high-temperature aerobic composting for 24 hours;
and S4, conveying the aerobic compost product to an earthworm composting area for earthworm composting for 6 days.
9. The method of earthworm composting household kitchen waste as claimed in claim 8, wherein in step S4 Eisenia foetida is selected for composting, and the composting inoculation density is 15 strips/100 cm2The matrix of the earthworm compost is as follows: the proportion is 4: 1 peat soil and zeolite.
10. The method of earthworm composting household kitchen waste of claim 8 wherein the ratio of substrate to kitchen waste in the earthworm composting zone is 4: 1.
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Application publication date: 20211119 |