CN113665190A - 一种高延性纤维增强聚合物筋及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高延性纤维增强聚合物筋及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种高延性纤维增强聚合物筋及其制备方法，涉及纤维增强复合材料领域。该高延性纤维增强聚合物筋包括如下体积分数计的组分：聚乙烯醇纤维5‑40wt％，芳纶纤维5％‑40wt％，碳纤维5％‑40wt％，树脂15‑30wt％，固化剂0.5–2.5wt％，促进剂0.5％‑2.5％，填料2％‑6％。该高延性纤维增强聚合物筋以聚乙烯醇纤维为内核，将芳纶纤维三维编织在其外围，然后将碳纤维三维编制在芳纶纤维外围，经由热固性树脂基体浸渍，再利用带有肋纹的模具成型装置初步成型并经过拉挤成型，加热固化，切割得到所需尺寸的高延性纤维增强聚合物筋。本材料具有良好的延展性和屈服性能，可广泛应用在混凝土结构工程领域，解决了FRP筋延性低的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于混凝土结构的增强材料技术领域，具体是一种高延性纤维增强聚合物筋及其制备方法。
背景技术
钢筋作为混凝土结构领域的一种传统材料，在建筑工程中常暴露在腐蚀性环境中，如除冰盐或海水，会导致由于钢筋腐蚀而导致结构的严重退化，影响混凝土材料的耐久性，造成结构的失稳，并产生较高的维护成本。
纤维增强复合材料(Fiber Reinforced Polymer,简称FRP)是由纤维材料和热固性树脂基体材料按一定的比例混合并经过一定的工艺复合形成的高性能材料。由于其具备轻质高强、耐腐蚀和易裁剪等诸多优良特性，将其作为混凝土结构内部筋的应用，被广泛应用于土木工程结构的加固改造和性能增强领域，特别是应用在恶劣环境和沿海地区，逐渐成为一种有前景的钢筋替代材料。
随着FRP应用的不断推广和成熟，FRP强度的利用效率越来越充分。然而FRP是线弹性材料，从受拉开始到破坏，其本构关系为直线特性，这与钢筋的屈服特性完全不同，而且其延性低、结构易脆性断裂，这严重制约了FRP筋在混凝土领域的应用。因此，需要一种新的高延性纤维增强聚合物筋以解决上述问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种高延性纤维增强聚合物筋及其制备方法，以改善FRP材料的延展性和屈服性能，从而促进FRP筋在混凝土结构上的应用。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用了如下技术方案：
一种高延性纤维增强聚合物筋，包括以下体积分数计组分：
优选的，该高延性纤维增强聚合物筋以聚乙烯醇纤维为内核，聚乙烯醇纤维外围三维编织有芳纶纤维，芳纶纤维外围三维编织有碳纤维。
优选的，树脂为环氧树脂、乙烯基树脂中的一种或多种混合物。
优选的，固化剂为胺类固化剂、酸酐类固化剂中的一种或多种混合物。
优选的，促进剂为三乙醇胺、异辛酸钴、环烷酸钴中的一种或多种混合物。
优选的，填料为碳酸钙、纳米碳化硅、二氧化硅中的一种或多种混合物。
一种高延性纤维增强聚合物筋的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)利用三维编织装置，以聚乙烯醇纤维为内核，芳纶纤维三维编织在聚乙烯醇纤维外围，碳纤维三维编织在芳纶纤维外围，进行初步成型；
(2)将树脂、固化剂、促进剂和填料按比例混合均匀，形成热固化树脂体系的液相；
(3)利用浸渍装置，将步骤(1)初步成型的聚乙烯醇纤维、芳纶纤维和碳纤维在步骤(2)的树脂体系的液相中充分浸渍，并消除气泡；
(4)利用模具成型装置对步骤(3)树脂浸渍处理后的碳纤维、芳纶纤维和聚乙烯醇纤维进行成型，并通过拉挤成型装置得到初始纤维增强聚合物筋；
(5)利用加热固化装置对步骤(4)得到的初始纤维增强聚合物筋进行加热固化，并通过切割装置得到高延性纤维增强聚合物筋。
优选的，步骤(4)中的模具成型装置为带有肋纹的模具成型装置。
优选的，步骤(5)中的加热固化温度为80～160℃。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明的一种高延性纤维增强聚合物筋，充分利用了碳纤维具有的较高的拉伸强度和弹性模量、芳纶纤维的抗冲击特性和聚乙烯醇纤维的耐腐蚀性和高的机械强度，与普通FRP筋相比，抗拉模量及剪切强度显著提高，具有明显的屈服性能。此外聚合物筋表面的肋纹有助于增加其与水泥基体之间的握裹力，使粘结性能更好，增加层间剪切强度，可以广泛应用在建筑工程领域及矿井、隧道、边坡、井坑等支护锚固领域，比钢筋和普通FRP筋更有优势。
附图说明
图1是高延性纤维增强聚合物筋的横断面结构示意图；
图2是高延性纤维增强聚合物筋的制备流程示意图；
图3是实施例1-5所制得的高延性纤维增强聚合物筋和普通市售FRP筋的本构关系曲线图。
图中标记：1.聚乙烯醇纤维，2.芳纶纤维，3.碳纤维，4.表面肋纹(注：在纤维之间均为热固性树脂基体)。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明，以助于理解本发明的内容，但本发明并不局限于这些实施例。本发明中所使用的方法如无特殊规定，均为常规的方法；所使用的原料和装置，如无特殊规定，均为常规的市售产品。
实施例1、实施例2、实施例3、实施例4、实施例5所述的高延性纤维增强聚合物筋配方组分及体积分数如表1-表5所示：
表1
表2
表3
表4
表5
如图2所示，上述实施例1-5所述的高延性纤维增强聚合物筋的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)利用三维编织装置，以聚乙烯醇纤维为内核，芳纶纤维三维编织在聚乙烯醇纤维外围，碳纤维三维编织在芳纶纤维外围，进行初步成型；
(2)将树脂、固化剂、促进剂和填料按比例混合均匀，形成热固化树脂体系的液相；
(3)利用浸渍装置，将步骤(1)初步成型的聚乙烯醇纤维、芳纶纤维和碳纤维在步骤(2)的树脂体系的液相中充分浸渍，并消除气泡；
(4)利用带有肋纹的模具成型装置对步骤(3)树脂浸渍处理后的碳纤维、芳纶纤维和聚乙烯醇纤维进行成型，并通过拉挤成型装置连续牵引将产品拉拔出来，得到初始纤维增强聚合物筋；
(5)利用加热固化装置对步骤(4)得到的初始纤维增强聚合物筋进行加热固化定型，加热固化温度为80～160℃，并通过切割装置切断成需要的产品长度，最终得到高延性纤维增强聚合物筋。
产品结构
如图1所示，该高延性纤维增强聚合物筋的内核部分为聚乙烯醇纤维1；中层部分为芳纶纤维2；外层部分为碳纤维3，最外围为聚合物筋表面肋纹4，表面肋纹4显著增加了与水泥基体的接触面积，增加本聚合物筋与水泥基体的粘接强度。
性能测试
如图3所示，将通过上述实施例1-5制备得到的高延性纤维增强聚合物筋和作为对比例的普通市售FRP筋放在万能试验机下测试，得到本构关系曲线图3。该曲线表明，在高延性纤维增强聚合物筋受力后，其表现出一定的线性，之后出现一个明显的屈服阶段，直至破坏。本构关系曲线上可以明显看到该高延性纤维增强聚合物筋屈服强度、屈服应变和极限强度、极限应变，这与钢筋有许多相似之处。实验结果表明，该高延性纤维增强聚合物筋的屈服强度达到800MPa以上，极限应变达到3.3％以上，极限强度是屈服强度的1.3倍左右；经过计算，其线性段弹性模量达到90Gpa左右。
根据实际测试结果，与普通FRP筋相比，本发明的一种高延性纤维增强聚合物筋具有以下明显优点：
(1)高延性纤维增强聚合物筋的剪切强度和抗拉弹性模量显著提高。
(2)表面肋纹的形成，显著提高了该高延性纤维增强聚合物筋与水泥基体之间的粘结力。
(3)充分利用了碳纤维具有的较高的拉伸强度和弹性模量、芳纶纤维的抗冲击特性和高模量以及聚乙烯醇纤维的耐腐蚀性和高的机械强度、高极限延伸率等性能，在成本增加不多的情况下提高了本高延性纤维增强聚合物筋的抗拉强度、弹性模量以及耐久性能，使其适用于更多的领域。
(4)本发明的高延性纤维增强聚合物筋受力时有屈服阶段，有明显的屈服强度、屈服应变以及极限强度、极限应变，弥补了普通FRP筋的弱点，具备直接利用现行的钢筋混凝土规范的理论基础。
对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。不应将权利要求中的任何附图标记视为限制所涉及的权利要求。
此外，应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
Claims (9)
1.一种高延性纤维增强聚合物筋，其特征在于，包括以下体积分数计组分：
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高延性纤维增强聚合物筋，其特征在于，该高延性纤维增强聚合物筋以聚乙烯醇纤维为内核，聚乙烯醇纤维外围三维编织有芳纶纤维，芳纶纤维外围三维编织有碳纤维。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高延性纤维增强聚合物筋，其特征在于，所述树脂为环氧树脂、乙烯基树脂中的一种或多种混合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高延性纤维增强聚合物筋，其特征在于，所述固化剂为胺类固化剂、酸酐类固化剂中的一种或多种混合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高延性纤维增强聚合物筋，其特征在于，所述促进剂为三乙醇胺、异辛酸钴、环烷酸钴中的一种或多种混合物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种高延性纤维增强聚合物筋，其特征在于，所述填料为碳酸钙、纳米碳化硅、二氧化硅中的一种或多种混合物。
7.根据权利要求1～6任一项所述的一种高延性纤维增强聚合物筋的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)利用三维编织装置，以聚乙烯醇纤维为内核，芳纶纤维三维编织在聚乙烯醇纤维外围，碳纤维三维编织在芳纶纤维外围，进行初步成型；
(2)将树脂、固化剂、促进剂和填料按比例混合均匀，形成热固化树脂体系的液相；
(3)利用浸渍装置，将步骤(1)初步成型的聚乙烯醇纤维、芳纶纤维和碳纤维在步骤(2)的树脂体系的液相中充分浸渍，并消除气泡；
(4)利用模具成型装置对步骤(3)树脂浸渍处理后的碳纤维、芳纶纤维和聚乙烯醇纤维进行成型，并通过拉挤成型装置得到初始纤维增强聚合物筋；
(5)利用加热固化装置对步骤(4)得到的初始纤维增强聚合物筋进行加热固化，并通过切割装置得到高延性纤维增强聚合物筋。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种高延性纤维增强聚合物筋的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(4)中的模具成型装置为带有肋纹的模具成型装置。
9.根据权利要求7所述的一种高延性纤维增强聚合物筋的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(5)中的加热固化温度为80～160℃。
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