CN113664079B - Stainless steel bending machine - Google Patents
Stainless steel bending machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN113664079B CN113664079B CN202110885214.1A CN202110885214A CN113664079B CN 113664079 B CN113664079 B CN 113664079B CN 202110885214 A CN202110885214 A CN 202110885214A CN 113664079 B CN113664079 B CN 113664079B
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- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005483 Hooke's law Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D7/00—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes
- B21D7/02—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes over a stationary forming member; by use of a swinging forming member or abutment
- B21D7/022—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes over a stationary forming member; by use of a swinging forming member or abutment over a stationary forming member only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D7/00—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes
- B21D7/12—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes with programme control
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D7/00—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes
- B21D7/14—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes combined with measuring of bends or lengths
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a stainless steel bending machine, which comprises a bottom plate, a fixed die fixing assembly fixed on the bottom plate and a fixed die assembly fixed above the fixed die fixing assembly; the fixed die assembly is internally provided with a round through hole with the same diameter and used for fixing a straight steel pipe and a 90-degree elbow through hole used for fixing a 90-degree fixed-angle elbow; an R angle die for bending and guiding is arranged on one side of the output port of the fixed die assembly, an R angle die arc groove is formed in the R angle die, and the axis of the R angle die arc groove is connected with the axis of the output port and is coplanar; a rotating shaft is also vertically fixed on the bottom plate, the rotating shaft is connected with a gear rack mechanism through a bearing, and a rack is connected with a driving assembly; a movable die is arranged above the gear, and one side of the movable die is provided with a movable die arc groove which is collinear with the axis of the R angle die arc groove. The invention solves the problems of high bending and forming cost and complex operation of the special-shaped structure elbow, and realizes the manufacture of the elbow with 90-degree fixed angle and 0-180-degree variable angle in two directions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a stainless steel bending machine.
Background
In the industry of natural gas pipeline connection, the fire-fighting industries such as the automatic water supply and automatic water spraying of fire-fighting, the medical equipment industry, the municipal water supply industry and the like are widely applied to elbow connectors.
Stainless steel elbow is widely applied to various industries due to unique corrosion resistance, and a plurality of stainless steel elbow equipment manufacturers are also on the market.
Part of the traditional bending machine is applied to bending of a complex elbow with a special-shaped structure, and equipment is complex and operation is complex; the other part is applied to bending of a single-angle elbow, and the equipment is simple in structure and is only suitable for forming the elbow with a simple structure.
When the elbow with multiple angles needs to be processed at the present stage, the following modes are adopted:
firstly, purchasing a cast threaded connection elbow, wherein the surface of the elbow is rough, the tightness of the elbow for a high-pressure pipeline is poor, and the firmness of the elbow is not firm and stable; if two directions are needed for connection, a plurality of elbows are needed for connection, so that the hidden trouble of leakage is increased.
Secondly, according to the actual condition of the site, the elbow is formed by manual heating, and the simple manual folding mode has the following defects when the process piece is manufactured:
1) The qualification rate is low, and the bending surface is difficult to control on the same plane, so that the steel pipe is often distorted;
2) The deformation of the workpiece is large, and the consistency and interchangeability are poor;
3) The outer side of the workpiece is provided with a drawing crack, and the inner side of the workpiece is provided with a wrinkling phenomenon;
4) When the elbow is formed by heating, the galvanized layer, the rust-proof layer and the oxidation-resistant layer of the elbow are easy to damage, so that rust and oxidation are easy to generate in the use process;
5) For the special-shaped space pipeline connecting structure, if two directions need to be bent simultaneously, the manual bending difficulty is high.
Thirdly, a welding mode is adopted to connect the pipelines in the abnormal-shaped space; the more welding points in the mode, the more hidden dangers such as unwelded welding and infirm welding are, and the whole is not attractive.
The specification with the publication number of CN 103658250A discloses an automatic synchronous bending machine, which mainly solves the problems that the existing bending machine needs a person to push a workpiece to a bending support and the person is assisted to bend. The belt conveying device composed of a belt, a belt conveying support, a servo motor, a belt pulley, a magnet and the like achieves the function of pushing workpieces to a bending machine backing. The fully-follow-up synchronous material supporting device comprises a large arc gear, a first bearing, a second bearing, a roller gear, a sliding block support, a gear rack oil cylinder, an oil cylinder support, an energy storage oil cylinder and the like, and is used for completing a human-assisted bending function; the device power is provided by the movable slide block and the energy storage oil cylinder of the bending machine, an electrical control system is not required to be configured, but the processing problem of bending of the elbow at multiple angles cannot be solved.
The specification with the publication number of CN 213256437U discloses and a steel pipe bending machine, which comprises a supporting platform, an electric cylinder, a driving die and a driven die mechanism, wherein the driven die mechanism and the electric cylinder are fixedly arranged on the top surface of the supporting platform, the driving die is fixedly arranged at the piston end of the electric cylinder, a supporting frame is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the supporting platform, a guide rail is arranged on the top surface of the supporting frame, a sliding block is connected onto the guide rail in a sliding manner, the sliding block is connected with a gap adjusting handle through a screw rod, one end of the sliding block is integrally provided with an upper connecting plate and a lower connecting plate, the upper connecting plate is hinged with two upper wing plates through two upper rotating shafts, the lower connecting plate is hinged with two lower wing plates through two lower rotating shafts, a guide roller is arranged between the upper wing plates and the lower wing plates through a locating pin, an arc-shaped bar hole is respectively arranged on each upper wing plate, and the angle adjuster is arranged between the two arc-shaped bar holes. The invention is used for carrying out bending on steel pipes with different specifications and models through the gap adjusting handle.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a stainless steel bending machine which is simple in structure and easy to operate, solves the problems of high bending forming cost and complex operation of a special-shaped structure elbow, and realizes the manufacture of 90-degree fixed angle and 0-180-degree variable angle elbows in two directions.
A stainless steel bending machine comprises a bottom plate, a fixed die fixing assembly fixed on the bottom plate and a fixed die assembly fixed above the fixed die fixing assembly;
the fixed die assembly is internally provided with a round through hole for fixing a straight steel pipe and a 90-degree elbow through hole for fixing a 90-degree fixed-angle elbow, wherein the diameters of the round through hole and the 90-degree elbow through hole are the same, and the round through hole and the 90-degree elbow through hole share an output port;
an R angle die for bending and guiding is arranged on one side of the output port of the fixed die assembly, an R angle die arc groove is formed in the R angle die, and the axis of the R angle die arc groove is connected with the axis of the output port and is coplanar;
a rotating shaft is also vertically fixed on the bottom plate; the rotating shaft is connected with a gear rack mechanism through a bearing; the rack on the gear rack mechanism is connected with a driving assembly, a movable die is arranged above the gear on the gear rack mechanism, one side of the movable die is provided with a movable die arc groove, the axis of the movable die arc groove is collinear with the axis of the R angle die arc groove, and the driving assembly is provided with a displacement sensor and a control system.
The gear top is equipped with the movable mould, one side of movable mould sets up the movable mould circular arc recess, the axis of movable mould circular arc recess and the axis collineation of R angle mould circular arc recess.
The method comprises the steps of fixing a straight steel pipe or a 90-degree elbow steel pipe to be bent in a fixed die assembly, placing a part to be bent in an R-angle die arc groove and a movable die arc groove, driving a rack to do linear motion through a driving assembly, and further enabling a movable die connected to a gear to rotate along the R-angle die, so that bending parts of the steel pipe fixed in the R-angle die arc groove and the movable die arc groove bend simultaneously, and obtaining the required elbow part.
The fixed die assembly comprises a first fixed die and a second fixed die which are axially separated along a circular through hole and a 90-degree elbow through hole, the first fixed die and the second fixed die are matched, and the first fixed die and the second fixed die are positioned through an inserting plate and a positioning pin.
The fixed die fixing assembly comprises a fixed die fixing column with the bottom welded on the bottom plate and a fixed die bottom plate welded above the fixed die fixing column; and the fixed die assembly and the R angle die are fixed on the fixed die bottom plate through bolts. The fixed die bottom plate is supported through the fixed die fixing column, so that the bending machine is compact in structure, and the fixed die assembly and the R angle die are convenient to replace.
The upper portion of gear is equipped with the boss that is used for connecting, boss department has the movable mould bottom plate through bolted connection, movable mould bottom plate and movable mould bolted connection pass through boss connection movable mould bottom plate, can effectively reduce the diameter of gear, improve rack and pinion mechanism's work efficiency, the maintenance of gear and movable mould convenience gear and the change of movable mould are connected through the movable mould bottom plate simultaneously.
Preferably, the R-angle die arc groove and the moving die arc groove are semicircular grooves. The R angle die arc groove is matched with the movable die arc groove, so that the stress of the steel pipe when bending is more reasonable.
Preferably, the driving assembly comprises a hydraulic cylinder, the displacement sensor is arranged in the hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulic cylinder is simple in structure and reliable in operation, so that a speed reducing device can be omitted when the hydraulic cylinder drives the rack to do linear reciprocating motion, and no transmission gap exists, so that the stability of the movement of the rack is ensured.
The invention also provides a bending method based on the stainless steel bending machine, and the method solves the problems of elbow torsion, fold and stretch-break in the elbow manual manufacturing process.
A bending method based on the stainless steel bending machine comprises the following steps:
(1) Calculating the minimum bending radius of the steel pipe to be bent;
(2) Calculating the minimum bending force of the steel pipe, and verifying the thrust of the driving assembly;
(3) Verifying the stroke of the driving assembly through the distance of the matched motion of the rack and the gear;
(4) According to the specification of the steel pipe to be bent, selecting a matched fixed die assembly and a matched movable die; selecting a matched R angle mould according to the R angle of the steel pipe to be bent;
(5) The control system drives the driving assembly to operate, so that the movable mould is positioned at the position of the axis of the arc groove and the axis of the output port, the position is set to be an original position through the position sensor, the specification parameters of the gear rack mechanism and the angle of the steel pipe to be bent are input into the control system of the driving assembly, the control system sets the distance of the rack operation through the position sensor, and the control system drives the driving assembly to operate to the distance set by the position sensor.
In the step (2), the specific steps of calculating the minimum bending force of the steel pipe and verifying the thrust of the driving assembly are as follows:
(2-1) calculating a bending moment of the steel pipe by generalized hooke's law:
M＝σ·W
σ＝E·ε
W＝π(D 4 -d 4 )/16D
wherein sigma is the normal stress on the radial section of the steel pipe, W is the section modulus (the annular section resisting moment) of the radial section of the steel pipe, M is the bending moment of the steel pipe, E is the elastic modulus of the steel pipe, epsilon is the axial line strain of the steel pipe, D is the outer diameter of the steel pipe, and D is the inner diameter of the steel pipe;
(2-2) calculating the minimum bending force of the steel pipe according to a simply supported beam model:
F＝4M/L
L＝6R+3D
wherein R is the minimum bending radius of the steel pipe, F is the minimum bending force, and L is the span of the simply supported beam;
(2-3) verifying that the thrust of the driving assembly is required to satisfy according to the minimum bending force of the steel pipe obtained in the step (2-2):
F′＞F/η
wherein F' is the thrust of the driving assembly, and eta is the actual working efficiency of the driving assembly.
In the step (3), the matching movement distance of the rack and the gear is as follows:
l＝π×d 1 ×180°/360°
d 1 ＝mz
wherein d 1 The reference circle diameter is m, the modulus of the gear is m, and z is the number of teeth of the gear;
the stroke of the drive assembly is required to satisfy: l (L) 1 ≥l+l′
Wherein l 1 For the working stroke of the drive assembly, l' is reserved for safety.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. according to the invention, through the design of the die, the elbow is always kept on the same plane when being deformed, and the problems of easy distortion, wrinkling, cracking and the like in the elbow manual manufacturing process are avoided.
2. The invention not only realizes the manufacture of the elbow with 0-180 degrees and single angle, but also realizes 2 directions by the design of the fixed die assembly: manufacturing a 90-degree fixed angle and 0-180-degree variable angle elbow; the hidden trouble caused by using cast elbow, connecting a plurality of elbows, welding connection and the like is avoided, and the usability and the attractiveness of the elbow are improved.
3. According to the invention, the linear reciprocating motion stroke of the rack is controlled by the displacement sensor, so that the variable angle of the elbow is effectively ensured.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a stainless steel bending machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the stainless steel bending machine shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the original position of the movable die when the stainless steel bending machine bends the straight steel pipe in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the original position of the hydraulic cylinder when the stainless steel bending machine bends the straight steel pipe in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a 90-degree bending position of a movable die when a stainless steel bending machine bends a straight steel pipe in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a 90 ° bending position of a hydraulic cylinder when a stainless steel bending machine bends a straight steel pipe in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a straight steel pipe in a fixed mold assembly and a movable mold according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a stainless steel bending machine according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which the angle is changed to 0 ° for forming a 90 ° fixed angle elbow.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of a stainless steel bending machine according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which the angle is changed to 30 ° for forming a 90 ° fixed angle elbow.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of a stainless steel bending machine according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which the angle is changed to 90 ° for forming a 90 ° fixed angle elbow.
Fig. 11 is a schematic view of a stainless steel bending machine according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which the angle is changed to 180 ° for forming a 90 ° fixed angle elbow.
Fig. 12 is a schematic view of a 90 ° fixed angle elbow in a fixed mold assembly and a movable mold according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the stainless steel bending machine comprises a bottom plate 1 and a fixed die fixing assembly 2 fixed on the bottom plate 1, wherein the fixed die fixing assembly 2 is provided with a fixed die fixing column 21 with the bottom welded on the bottom plate 1 and a fixed die bottom plate 22 welded above the fixed die fixing column 21.
The fixed mold assembly 3 is fixed above the fixed mold bottom plate 22 by bolts,
the fixed die assembly 3 is internally provided with a round through hole 15 for fixing the straight steel pipe 13 and a 90-degree elbow through hole 16 for fixing the 90-degree fixed-angle elbow 14, wherein the diameters of the round through hole 15 and the 90-degree elbow through hole 16 are the same, and the round through hole and the 90-degree elbow through hole share one output port 17.
The fixed mold assembly 3 includes a first fixed mold 31 and a second fixed mold 32 which are separated in the axial direction of the round through hole 15 and the 90 ° elbow through hole 16, the first fixed mold 31 and the second fixed mold 32 are bilaterally symmetrical with the axis of the round through hole 15 and the 90 ° elbow through hole 16 and are matched with each other, and the first fixed mold 31 and the second fixed mold 32 are fixed by an insert plate 33 and a positioning pin 34.
The fixed die assembly 3 is provided with an R angle die 4 for bending and guiding at one side of the output port, the R angle die 4 is provided with an R angle die arc groove 19, and the axis of the R angle die arc groove 19 is connected with the axis of the output port 17 and is coplanar.
The bottom plate 1 is also fixed with a rotating shaft 5, the axis of the rotating shaft 5 is perpendicular to the surface of the bottom plate 1, the lower part of the rotating shaft 5 is provided with a groove for fixing, and a pressing plate 6 fixed with the bottom plate 1 is arranged in the groove. The rotation shaft 5 is fixed to the base plate 1 while preventing the rotation of the rotation shaft 5.
The rotating shaft 5 is connected with a gear rack mechanism through a bearing 7, wherein a rack 8 of the gear rack mechanism is fixed at the output end of a driving assembly through a locating pin, the driving assembly comprises a hydraulic cylinder 9 with a built-in displacement sensor and a control system, the hydraulic cylinder 9 is simple in structure and reliable in operation, when the hydraulic cylinder 9 drives the rack 8 to do linear reciprocating motion, a speed reducing device can be omitted, a transmission gap is avoided, and the stability of the motion of the rack 8 is guaranteed.
The upper portion of gear rack mechanism's gear 10 is equipped with the boss that is used for connecting, and boss department is fixed with movable mould bottom plate 11 through the bolt, and movable mould bottom plate 11 top bolt fastening has movable mould 12, connects movable mould bottom plate 11 through the boss, can effectively reduce gear rack mechanism's diameter, improves gear rack mechanism's work efficiency, connects gear 10 and movable mould 12 through movable mould bottom plate 11 simultaneously, makes things convenient for gear 10's maintenance and movable mould's change.
One side of the movable mould 12 is provided with a movable mould arc groove 18, and the axis of the movable mould arc groove 18 is collinear with the axis of the R angle mould arc groove 19.
The R angle mould arc groove 19 and the movable mould arc groove 18 are semicircular grooves, and the R angle mould arc groove 19 and the movable mould arc groove 18 are matched, so that when the steel pipe is bent, the bending stress part is attached to the hole wall or the groove wall, and the bending stress of the steel pipe is more reasonable.
The method comprises the steps of fixing a straight steel pipe or a 90-degree elbow steel pipe to be bent between a first fixed die 31 and a second fixed die 32, fixing the steel pipe or the 90-degree elbow steel pipe through a plugboard 33 and a locating pin 34, placing the part to be bent into an R-angle die arc groove 19 and a movable die arc groove 18, driving a hydraulic cylinder 9 through a control system to drive a rack 8 to do linear motion, and further enabling a movable die 12 connected to a gear 10 to rotate along an R-angle die 4, so that bending parts of the steel pipe fixed in the R-angle die arc groove 19 and the movable die arc groove 18 bend simultaneously, and obtaining the required elbow part.
The bending method based on the stainless steel bending machine comprises the following steps of:
(1) Calculating the minimum bending radius of the steel pipe to be bent;
(2) Calculating the minimum bending force of the steel pipe, and verifying the thrust of the hydraulic cylinder 9;
(3) Verifying the stroke of the hydraulic cylinder 9 by the geometric dimension of the gear rack mechanism;
(4) According to the specification of the steel pipe to be bent, selecting a matched fixed die assembly 3 and a matched movable die 12; selecting a matched R angle mould according to the R angle of the steel pipe to be bent;
(5) The control system drives the hydraulic cylinder 9 to operate, so that the movable die 12 is positioned at the position where the axis of the arc groove is collinear with the axis of the output port, the position is set to be an original position through the position sensor, the specification parameters of the gear rack mechanism and the angle of the steel pipe to be bent are input into the control system, the control system sets the operation distance of the rack 8 through the position sensor, and the control system drives the hydraulic cylinder 9 to operate to the distance set by the position sensor.
Taking a phi 40 multiplied by 4.0 steel pipe as an example, the bending method of the stainless steel bending machine is as follows:
in the step (1), calculating the minimum bending radius of the steel pipe to be bent, wherein the concrete steps are as follows:
the pipe cold bend radius is specified according to standard JB/T5000.11-1998 as:
when D is less than or equal to 42mm, R' is more than or equal to 2.5D
Wherein R 'is a cold bending radius, D is the outer diameter of the steel pipe, and R' is more than or equal to 2.5X40=100 mm.
According to the minimum bending radius table 1-4-81 of the pipe in the mechanical design manual, the diameter of the stainless seamless steel pipe is 38mm, and the minimum bending radius is more than or equal to 80mm when the wall thickness is 3 mm; the diameter of the stainless seamless steel pipe is 41mm, and the minimum bending radius of the stainless seamless steel pipe is more than or equal to 100mm when the wall thickness is 3 mm.
According to the two stainless steel minimum bending radius calculation methods, the minimum bending radius of the steel pipe is R=110mm
In the step (2), the specific steps of calculating the minimum bending force of the steel pipe and verifying the thrust of the driving assembly are as follows:
(2-1) 5.2.2 of the bending test method according to GB-T232-2010 metal material:
the distance between the branch rollers is L' = (2 R+3D) +/-D/2
Calculated L' =320-360 mm
The bending moment of the steel pipe is calculated through generalized Hokko's law:
M＝σ·W
σ＝E·ε
W＝π(D 4 -d 4 )/16D
wherein sigma is the normal stress on the radial section of the steel pipe, W is the section modulus (the annular section resisting moment) of the radial section of the steel pipe, M is the bending moment of the steel pipe, E is the elastic modulus of the steel pipe, E=200GPa, epsilon is the axial line strain of the steel pipe, and d is the inner diameter of the steel pipe;
calculated m=889.9n.m.
(2-2) calculating the minimum bending force of the steel pipe according to the simply supported beam model:
F＝4M/L
L＝6R+3D
wherein R is the minimum bending radius of the steel pipe, F is the minimum bending force, and L is the span of the simply supported beam;
f=4.5 KN was calculated.
The specifications of the hydraulic cylinder 9 are as follows: the cylinder diameter is phi 80mm, the diameter of the piston rod is phi 40mm, the working pressure is 15Mpa, and the using pressure is 67% of the working pressure;
the thrust of the hydraulic cylinder 9 is:
wherein P is the use pressure, D Living body Is the diameter of the piston rod;
according to the minimum bending force of the steel pipe obtained in the step (2-2), the thrust force of the hydraulic cylinder 9 needs to satisfy:
F′＞F/η
wherein F' is the thrust of the hydraulic cylinder 9, η is the actual working efficiency of the hydraulic cylinder 9, η=65%;
the calculation verifies that the thrust of the hydraulic cylinder 9 is larger than the minimum bending force of the steel pipe; since the return stroke of the hydraulic cylinder 9 has no bending force, the tensile force of the hydraulic cylinder 9 does not need to be verified.
In the step (3), the matching movement distance of the rack and the gear is as follows:
l＝π×d 1 ×180°/360°
d 1 ＝mz
wherein s is 1 For the pitch circle diameter, m is the gear modulus m=6mm, and z is the number of teeth of the gear z=60.
Taking the full tooth length L of the rack into consideration of safety reservation 1 =500 mm; considering the safety reservation of the stroke of the hydraulic cylinder 9, the stroke of the hydraulic cylinder 9 needs to be more than 550mm.
In the step (4), a fixed die assembly 3 and a movable die 12 which are matched are selected according to phi 40 multiplied by 4.0 steel pipes; selecting a matched R angle mould according to the R angle of the steel pipe to be bent;
(5) The control system drives the hydraulic cylinder 9 to operate, so that the movable die 12 is positioned at the position where the axis of the arc groove is collinear with the axis of the output port, the position is set to be an original position through the position sensor, the specification parameters of the gear rack mechanism and the angle of the steel pipe to be bent are input into the control system, the control system sets the operation distance of the rack 8 through the position sensor, and the control system drives the hydraulic cylinder 9 to operate to the distance set by the position sensor.
As shown in fig. 3 to 6, when the bending is performed at a fixed angle of 90 °, the positions of the movable mold and the corresponding rack and pinion mechanism change. Fixing the straight steel pipe 13 in the first fixed die 31 and the second fixed die 32 as shown in fig. 7; when in an original position, the piston of the hydraulic oil cylinder 9 is in a contracted state, and the corresponding movable die 12 is propped against the fixed die assembly 3; when the steel pipe is bent to 90 degrees, the piston of the hydraulic oil cylinder 9 is in an extending state, and the movable die 12 rotates 90 degrees around the R-angle die 4 relative to the fixed die assembly 3.
As shown in fig. 8 to 11, when the fixed angle bend 14 is bent by 90 ° and then bent by a certain angle, the position of the movable mold is changed, and the fixed angle bend 14 of 90 ° is fixed in the first fixed mold 31 and the second fixed mold 32, and as shown in fig. 12, when the fixed angle bend is bent by 0 °, 30 °, 90 °, 180 °, the movable mold 12 is rotated by 0 °, 30 °, 90 °, and 180 ° with respect to the fixed mold assembly 3 around the R-angle mold 4.
Claims (4)
1. The stainless steel bending method is characterized by adopting a stainless steel bending machine, wherein the stainless steel bending machine comprises a bottom plate, a fixed die fixing assembly fixed on the bottom plate and a fixed die assembly fixed above the fixed die fixing assembly;
the fixed die assembly is internally provided with a round through hole for fixing a straight steel pipe and a 90-degree elbow through hole for fixing a 90-degree fixed-angle elbow, wherein the diameters of the round through hole and the 90-degree elbow through hole are the same, and the round through hole and the 90-degree elbow through hole share an output port;
an R angle die for bending and guiding is arranged on one side of the output port of the fixed die assembly, an R angle die arc groove is formed in the R angle die, and the axis of the R angle die arc groove is connected with the axis of the output port and is coplanar;
a rotating shaft is also vertically fixed on the bottom plate; the rotating shaft is connected with a gear rack mechanism through a bearing; the gear rack on the gear rack mechanism is connected with a driving assembly, a movable die is arranged above a gear on the gear rack mechanism, one side of the movable die is provided with a movable die arc groove, the axis of the movable die arc groove is collinear with the axis of the R angle die arc groove, and the driving assembly is provided with a displacement sensor and a control system;
a boss for connection is arranged at the upper part of the gear, a movable die bottom plate is connected with the boss through a bolt, and the movable die bottom plate is connected with the movable die through a bolt; the R angle die arc groove and the movable die arc groove are semicircular grooves with the same inner diameter;
the bending method comprises the following steps:
(1) Calculating the minimum bending radius of the steel pipe to be bent;
(2) Calculating the minimum bending force of the steel pipe, and verifying the thrust of the driving assembly; the method comprises the following specific steps:
(2-1) calculating a bending moment of the steel pipe by generalized hooke's law:
M＝σ·W
σ＝E·ε
W＝π(D 4 -d 4 )/16D
wherein sigma is the normal stress on the radial section of the steel pipe, W is the section modulus of the radial section of the steel pipe, M is the bending moment of the steel pipe, E is the elastic modulus of the steel pipe, epsilon is the axial line strain of the steel pipe, D is the outer diameter of the steel pipe, and D is the inner diameter of the steel pipe;
(2-2) calculating the minimum bending force of the steel pipe according to a simply supported beam model:
F＝4M/L
L＝6R+3D
wherein R is the minimum bending radius of the steel pipe, F is the minimum bending force, and L is the span of the simply supported beam;
(2-3) verifying that the thrust of the driving assembly is required to satisfy according to the minimum bending force of the steel pipe obtained in the step (2-2):
F′>F/η
wherein F' is the thrust of the driving assembly, and eta is the actual working efficiency of the driving assembly;
(3) Verifying the stroke of the driving assembly through the distance of the matched motion of the rack and the gear; the matching movement distance of the rack and the gear is as follows:
l＝π×d 1 ×180°/360°
d 1 ＝mz
wherein d 1 The reference circle diameter is m, the modulus of the gear is m, and z is the number of teeth of the gear;
the stroke of the drive assembly then has to be: l (L) 1 ≥l+l′
Wherein l 1 For driving the assemblyTaking a journey, wherein l' is reserved safely;
(4) According to the specification of the steel pipe to be bent, selecting a matched fixed die assembly and a matched movable die; selecting a matched R angle mould according to the R angle of the steel pipe to be bent;
(5) The control system drives the driving assembly to operate, so that the movable die is positioned at the position where the axis of the arc groove is collinear with the axis of the output port, the position is set to be an original position through the position sensor, specification parameters of the gear rack mechanism and the angle of the steel pipe to be bent are input into the control system of the driving assembly, the control system sets the distance of the rack operation through the position sensor, and the control system drives the driving assembly to operate to the distance set by the position sensor.
2. The bending method of claim 1, wherein the stationary mold assembly comprises first and second stationary molds axially separated along a circular through hole and a 90 ° elbow through hole, the first and second stationary molds being mated, the first and second stationary molds being positioned by an insert plate and a locating pin.
3. The bending method of claim 1, wherein the fixed die fixing assembly comprises a fixed die fixing post with the bottom welded to the bottom plate and a fixed die bottom plate welded above the fixed die fixing post; and the fixed die assembly and the R angle die are fixed on the fixed die bottom plate through bolts.
4. The bending method of claim 1, wherein the drive assembly includes a hydraulic ram, and the displacement sensor is built into the hydraulic ram.
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| JP2001137957A (en) * | 1999-11-19 | 2001-05-22 | Mitsubishi Alum Co Ltd | Push through type bending device |
| CN2470022Y (en) * | 2001-06-20 | 2002-01-09 | 曹云明 | Multipurpose hydraulic pipe bender |
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