CN113659830B - Charge pump circuit with dynamically adjusted output voltage - Google Patents

Charge pump circuit with dynamically adjusted output voltage Download PDF

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CN113659830B
CN113659830B CN202110949812.0A CN202110949812A CN113659830B CN 113659830 B CN113659830 B CN 113659830B CN 202110949812 A CN202110949812 A CN 202110949812A CN 113659830 B CN113659830 B CN 113659830B
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voltage
charge pump
circuit
driving circuit
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CN113659830A (en
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李响
蔡胜凯
董渊
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Wuxi Indie Microelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/06—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
    • H02M3/07—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a charge pump circuit for dynamically adjusting output voltage, which relates to the field of power supply, wherein an input power supply end of a charge pump driving circuit in the charge pump circuit is connected with high-voltage input voltage and is also connected with an input ground end of the charge pump driving circuit through a capacitor, a feedback resistor is bridged between the input power supply end and the input ground end of the charge pump driving circuit, a current sampling circuit samples current of the high-voltage output voltage generated by the charge pump circuit to generate sampling current, the sampling current and reference current are used as the input end of a current amplifier, the output end of the current amplifier is connected with the feedback resistor, a negative feedback loop formed by the current sampling circuit and the feedback resistor carries out negative feedback adjustment on the voltage difference of the charge pump driving circuit according to the output high-voltage output voltage, the output voltage of a charge pump can be stabilized, the current output capability is improved, and the output voltage under light load is avoided to be overhigh.

Description

Charge pump circuit with dynamically adjusted output voltage
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power supplies, in particular to a charge pump circuit for dynamically adjusting output voltage.
Background
In actual integrated circuit use, there are many cases where there is a demand for a booster circuit, i.e., a circuit that can make an output voltage higher than an input voltage. Existing non-isolated BOOST circuits generally fall into two categories, BOOST converters and charge pumps. BOOST converters and their like utilize the magnetic energy storage capability of inductors to sequentially BOOST the output voltage to a level higher than the input voltage, but such circuits have the disadvantage of requiring inductors, requiring additional processing steps, complicated operation and additional expense, whether the inductors are directly used as separate inductors or SIP packages the inductors with integrated circuits. The charge pump circuit obtains an output voltage higher than the input voltage by using a way that the capacitor carries charges step by step. In most processes, the capacitor can be integrated directly on-chip, so no additional process is required, and a charge pump is the preferred choice for light load applications.
The existing common charge pump circuit is shown in fig. 1 and 2, fig. 1 is a dickson charge pump, fig. 2 is a double cross-couple charge pump, but the output voltage of these conventional charge pumps is a fixed value and cannot be changed, if a large current output capability is required and the maximum voltage of the charge pump is limited, only the flying capacitor C can be increased FLY (flycapacitor) consumes a huge area on the chip.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems and technical needs, the present invention provides a charge pump circuit with dynamically adjusted output voltage, and the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
a charge pump circuit with dynamically adjusted output voltage comprises a charge pump drive circuit, a flying capacitor is arranged in the charge pump drive circuit, and an input power supply end HVDD of the charge pump drive circuit is connected with a high-voltage input voltage V IN The input power supply terminal HVDD of the charge pump driving circuit is connected with a capacitor C 1 The output end of the charge pump driving circuit is used as the output end of the charge pump circuit to output a high-voltage output voltage V CP ；
Feedback resistor R REG The current sampling circuit is connected between the input power supply terminal and the input ground terminal of the charge pump driving circuit in a bridging manner, and outputs a high-voltage output voltage V CP Sampling current to generate sampled current I SNS Sampling the current I SNS And a reference current I REF The output end of the current amplifier is connected with a feedback resistor R as the input end of the current amplifier REG ；
Output high voltage output voltage V CP And the voltage difference V between the input power end and the input ground end of the charge pump driving circuit HVDD -V HGND Positive correlation, negative feedback loop formed by current sampling circuit and feedback resistor, output voltage V according to output high voltage CP For voltage difference V HVDD -V HGND Negative feedback adjustment is performed.
The further technical scheme is that the current sampling circuit comprises a sampling resistor R SNS A switching tube M1 and a sampling resistor R SNS One end of the switch tube M1 is connected with the output end of the charge pump circuit, the other end of the switch tube M1 is connected with the source electrode of the switch tube M1, and the grid electrode of the switch tube M1 is connected with the high-voltage input voltage V IN The drain electrode of the switching tube M1 is connected to the input end of the current amplifier and outputs a sampling current I SNS 。
The further technical scheme is that the charge pump circuit also comprises a Zener diode D 1 Zener diode D 1 The cathode of the charge pump is connected with an input power end of the charge pump driving circuit, and the anode of the charge pump is connected with an input ground end of the charge pump driving circuit.
The further technical scheme is that the input ground end of the charge pump driving circuit is connected with the source electrode of a switch tube M2, the drain electrode of the switch tube M2 is grounded, and the output end of the current amplifier and a feedback resistor R are connected REG And a zener diode D 1 The anodes are connected with the grid of the switch tube M2 and the input ground of the charge pump driving circuit through the switch tube M2.
The charge pump driving circuit comprises X-stage cascaded pump group branches, each pump group branch comprises a first flying capacitor and a second flying capacitor which are connected through a cross-coupling circuit, each pump group branch is cascaded in sequence through a voltage input end and a voltage output end, the voltage input end of the first-stage pump group branch is connected with the input power end of the charge pump driving circuit, and the voltage output end of the last-stage pump group branch is used as the output end of the charge pump driving circuit;
the clock signal is connected with the first flying capacitors in each pump unit branch circuit through a first floating phase inverter, the clock signal is connected with the second flying capacitors in each pump unit branch circuit through a second floating phase inverter and a third floating phase inverter which are sequentially connected in series, and the clock signals obtained by the two flying capacitors in each pump unit branch circuit are opposite; the input power supply end of the charge pump driving circuit is connected with the power supply of the first floating inverter, and the input ground end of the charge pump driving circuit is connected with the grounds of the three floating inverters.
The charge pump circuit further comprises a voltage switching circuit, wherein the input end of the voltage switching circuit is connected with a high-voltage input voltage V IN And a low voltage power supply V DD The output end of the voltage switching circuit is connected with the input power supply end of the charge pump driving circuit; when V is IN >V DD The voltage switching circuit outputs a high-voltage input voltage V IN (ii) a When V is IN ≤V DD The voltage switching circuit outputs a low-voltage power supply V DD 。
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
the application discloses output voltage dynamic adjustment's charge pump circuit, the negative feedback loop who forms through current sampling circuit and feedback resistance in this charge pump circuit can stabilize charge pump's output voltage, avoids output voltage too high under the underload when having improved current output ability. The output voltage of the charge pump can be changed by adjusting the voltage of the power supply rail of the floating phase inverter, and the control is simple and the efficiency is high. In addition, a voltage switching circuit is additionally arranged, and the input voltage supplied to the charge pump driving circuit can be switched through the voltage switching circuit, so that the high-voltage input voltage V is ensured IN The charge pump output voltage is still normal at lower levels.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit configuration of a conventional dickson charge pump.
Fig. 2 is a circuit configuration of a conventional double cross-manifold charge pump.
Fig. 3 is a circuit configuration schematic diagram of an embodiment of a charge pump circuit of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of the charge pump driving circuit in fig. 3.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
Referring to fig. 3, the charge pump circuit includes a charge pump driving circuit, the charge pump driving circuit includes a flying capacitor therein, and an input power source terminal HVDD of the charge pump driving circuit is connected to a high-voltage input voltage V IN The input power supply terminal HVDD of the charge pump driving circuit is also connected with the capacitor C 1 The output end of the charge pump driving circuit is used as the output end of the whole charge pump circuit to output a high-voltage output voltage V CP 。
In an open-loop charge pump circuit, an ideal high voltage output V CP_ideal And a high voltage input voltage V IN Is the voltage increment DeltaV, V generated by the charge pump driving circuit CP_ideal ＝V IN + Δ V. The output current capability of the charge pump circuit is I OUT ＝(V CP_ideal -V CP )×C FLY ×f CP In which C is FLY Is the capacitance value of the flying capacitor in the charge pump driving circuit, f CP Is oscillation frequency, output current capability I OUT And ideal high voltage output V CP_ideal And the actual high voltage output voltage V CP Is proportional to the difference in voltage. Therefore, if a large current needs to be output, the voltage increment Δ V generated by the charge pump driving circuit needs to be increased.
In the present application, as shown in fig. 4, the charge pump driving circuit internally includes X-stage cascaded pump group branches, each pump group branch including first flying capacitors C connected by a cross-coupling circuit FLY1 And a second flying capacitor C FLY2 The capacitance values of the two flying capacitors are equal. Each pump set branch is cascaded in sequence through a voltage input end and a voltage output end, and the voltage input end of the first-stage pump set branch is connected with the input power supply end HVDD of the charge pump driving circuit to obtain V HVDD The voltage output end of the last pump set branch circuit is used as the output end of the charge pump driving circuit to output high-voltage output voltage V CP 。
The clock signal CLK is connected to the first flying capacitors C in the pump stack branches via a first floating inverter V1 FLY1 The clock signal CLK is connected with the second flying capacitor C in each pump group branch through a second floating inverter V2 and a third floating inverter V3 which are connected in series in sequence FLY2 The clock signals acquired by the two flying capacitors in each pump group branch are opposite. An input power source terminal HVDD of the charge pump driving circuit is connected to a power supply V of the first floating inverter V1 HVDD The input ground of the charge pump driving circuit HGND is connected with the grounds of the three floating inverters V1, V2 and V3. A level shift circuit is also typically connected between the clock signal CLK and the floating inverter.
Specifically, each cross-coupling circuit comprises two NMOS transistors MN1 and MN2 and two PMOS transistors PN1 and PN2, the drain electrodes of the MN1 and the MN2 are connected and used as a voltage input end, the source electrode of the MN1, the source electrode of the PN1, the grid electrode of the MN2 and the grid electrode of the PN2 are connected, the source electrode of the MN2 is connected with the source electrode of the PN2, the grid electrode of the MN1 and the grid electrode of the PN1, and the drain electrodes of the PN1 and the PN2 are connected and used as a voltage output end. First flying capacitor C FLY1 The positive electrode of the second flying capacitor C is connected with the grid electrodes of the MN2 and the PN2, the negative electrode of the second flying capacitor C is connected with the first floating phase inverter V1 and the second floating phase inverter V1 FLY2 The positive pole of (2) is connected with the gates of MN1 and PN1, and the negative pole is connected with a third floating inverter V3.
Based on the charge pump driving circuit with the circuit structure shown in fig. 4, the voltage of the flying capacitor of each stage of pump group branch circuit when the flying capacitor is fully charged is V HVDD -V HGND Thus, the voltage increment Δ V generated by each pump stage branch FLY ＝V HVDD -V HGND The whole charge pump driving circuit comprises X stages of pump group branches, so that the voltage increment delta V = X multiplied by delta V generated by the whole charge pump driving circuit FLY Therefore, under the same capacitance area, larger current can be output by increasing the stage number X of the pump group branch in the charge pump driving circuit.
However, this causes another problem that if the output load is empty, the output voltage is high, which makes it difficult to balance the power supply capability of the charge pump with the target output voltage. In order to solve the problem, the charge pump circuit of the present application further includes a current sampling circuit and a feedback resistor R REG And forming a negative feedback loop. Feedback resistor R REG And is connected across the input power supply terminal HVDD and the input ground terminal HGND of the charge pump driving circuit. Current sampling circuit for high voltage output voltage V CP Sampling current to generate sampled current I SNS Sampling the current I SNS And a reference current I REF As input of a current amplifier, I SNS Connected to the negative input of the current amplifier, I REF The positive input end of the current amplifier is connected, and the output end of the current amplifier is connected with the feedback resistor R REG 。
In the present application, the voltage increment Δ V generated by the charge pump driving circuit is equal to the voltage difference V between the input power terminal HVDD and the input ground terminal HGND of the charge pump driving circuit HVDD -V HGND Positive correlation so as to output a high voltage output voltage V CP And the voltage difference V between the input power terminal and the input ground terminal of the charge pump driving circuit HVDD -V HGND And (4) positively correlating. A negative feedback loop formed by the current sampling circuit and the feedback resistor outputs a voltage V according to the output high voltage CP For voltage difference V HVDD -V HGND Performing negative feedback when the voltage V is output at high voltage CP When too high, the negative feedback loop causes the voltage difference V HVDD -V HGND Reduce, thereby reducing the high voltage output voltage V CP The output voltage is stabilized, and the expected output voltage can be obtained under light load.
As shown in FIG. 3, the current sampling circuit includes a sampling resistor R SNS And a switching tube M1, a sampling resistor R SNS One end of the switch tube M1 is connected with the output end of the charge pump circuit, the other end of the switch tube M1 is connected with the source electrode of the switch tube M1, and the grid electrode of the switch tube M1 is connected with the high-voltage input voltage V IN The drain electrode of the switching tube M1 is connected to the input end of the current amplifier and outputs a sampling current I SNS . Sampling current
Figure GDA0003992647640000051
V GS Is the gate-source voltage of the switching tube M1, so that the voltage difference V can be obtained HVDD -V HGND ＝(I REF -I SNS )×A I ×R REG ，A I Is the amplification factor of the current amplifier, and outputs voltage V when high voltage CP At too high a voltage difference V HVDD -V HGND Lowering and then making V CP And (4) reducing.
In order to protect the floating low voltage tube from breakdown, the charge pump circuit further comprises a Zener diode D 1 Zener diode D 1 The cathode of the charge pump is connected with the input power end of the charge pump driving circuit, the anode of the charge pump is connected with the input ground end HGND of the charge pump driving circuit, and the voltage difference V is ensured HVDD -V HGND Will not exceed the Zener diode D 1 Reverse breakdown voltage V of ZENOR Hence the voltage difference V HVDD -V HGND ＝MAX{(I REF -I SNS )×A I ×R REG ,V ZENOR }. Zener diode D 1 Reverse breakdown voltage V ZENOR For example, 6V, the voltage difference V can be ensured HVDD -V HGND And will not exceed 6V.
Thus, the output voltage of the last charge pump is V CP ＝I REF ×R SNS +V IN +V GS At the mostLarge output current capability of I OUTMAX ＝(V CP_ideal -V CP )×C FLY ×f CP ＝X×V ZENOR -I REF ×R SNS -V GS ×C FLY ×f CP 。
In an actual application circuit, as shown in fig. 3, the input ground HGND of the charge pump driving circuit is connected to the source of the switching tube M2, the drain of the switching tube M2 is connected to the ground GND, and the output end of the current amplifier and the feedback resistor R are connected to the ground REG And a zener diode D 1 The anodes are connected to the grid of the switch tube M2 and the input ground HGND of the charge pump driving circuit through the switch tube M2.
In addition, to ensure abnormal conditions, V IN At a lower voltage, V CP The voltage can still be normally established, the charge pump circuit also comprises a voltage switching circuit, and the input end of the voltage switching circuit is connected with a high-voltage input voltage V IN And a low voltage power supply V DD The output end of the voltage switching circuit is connected with the input power supply end of the charge pump driving circuit. Voltage switching circuit output V IN And V DD The larger of: in normal operation, V IN >V DD The voltage switching circuit outputs a high-voltage input voltage V IN (ii) a In case of abnormality, V IN ≤V DD Voltage switching circuit outputting low voltage power supply V DD Ensure V IN The charge pump output voltage is still normal at lower levels. High voltage input voltage V IN The terminal usually also comprises a diode D 2 。
What has been described above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. It is to be understood that other modifications and variations directly derivable or suggested by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and concept of the present invention are to be considered as included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. The charge pump circuit with the dynamically adjusted output voltage is characterized by comprising a charge pump driving circuit, wherein a flying capacitor is arranged in the charge pump driving circuit, and the charge pump driving circuitInput power source terminal HVDD of (high voltage direct current) is connected with high voltage input voltage V IN The input power supply terminal HVDD of the charge pump driving circuit is connected with a capacitor C 1 The input ground HGND of the charge pump driving circuit is connected, the input ground HGND of the charge pump driving circuit is connected with the source electrode of the switch tube M2, the drain electrode of the switch tube M2 is grounded, and the output end of the charge pump driving circuit is used as the output end of the charge pump circuit to output high-voltage output voltage V CP ；
Feedback resistance R REG The current sampling circuit is bridged between an input power supply end of the charge pump driving circuit and a grid electrode of the switching tube M2 and is connected to an input ground end HGND of the charge pump driving circuit through the switching tube M2, and the current sampling circuit outputs voltage V to the high voltage CP Sampling current to generate sampled current I SNS The sampling current I SNS And a reference current I REF As the input end of the current amplifier, the output end of the current amplifier is connected with the feedback resistor R REG ；
The output high-voltage output voltage V CP And the voltage difference V between the input power end and the input ground end of the charge pump driving circuit HVDD -V HGND Positive correlation, negative feedback loop formed by the current sampling circuit and the feedback resistor, and output voltage V according to the output high voltage CP For voltage difference V HVDD -V HGND Negative feedback adjustment is performed.
2. The charge pump circuit of claim 1, wherein the current sampling circuit comprises a sampling resistor R SNS And a switching tube M1, the sampling resistor R SNS One end of the switching tube M1 is connected with the output end of the charge pump circuit, the other end of the switching tube M1 is connected with the source electrode of the switching tube M1, and the grid electrode of the switching tube M1 is connected with the high-voltage input voltage V IN The drain electrode of the switching tube M1 is connected to the input end of the current amplifier and outputs the sampling current I SNS 。
3. The charge pump circuit of claim 1, further comprisingZener diode D 1 Said Zener diode D 1 The cathode of the charge pump driving circuit is connected with an input power end of the charge pump driving circuit, the anode of the charge pump driving circuit is connected with the grid of the switch tube M2, and the cathode of the charge pump driving circuit is connected with an input ground end of the charge pump driving circuit through the switch tube M2.
4. The charge pump circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the charge pump driving circuit internally comprises X-stage cascaded pump group branches, each pump group branch comprises a first flying capacitor and a second flying capacitor connected by a cross-coupling circuit, each pump group branch is sequentially cascaded by a voltage input end and a voltage output end, the voltage input end of the first-stage pump group branch is connected with the input power end of the charge pump driving circuit, and the voltage output end of the last-stage pump group branch is used as the output end of the charge pump driving circuit;
the clock signal is connected with the first flying capacitors in each pump unit branch through a first floating phase inverter, the clock signal is connected with the second flying capacitors in each pump unit branch through a second floating phase inverter and a third floating phase inverter which are sequentially connected in series, and the clock signals obtained by the two flying capacitors in each pump unit branch are opposite; and the input power supply end of the charge pump driving circuit is connected with the power supply of the first floating phase inverter, and the input ground end of the charge pump driving circuit is connected with the grounds of the three floating phase inverters.
5. The charge pump circuit according to any of claims 1-3, further comprising a voltage switching circuit, wherein an input terminal of the voltage switching circuit is connected to the high voltage input voltage V IN And a low voltage power supply V DD The output end of the voltage switching circuit is connected with the input power end of the charge pump driving circuit; when V is IN >V DD While the voltage switching circuit outputs a high-voltage input voltage V IN (ii) a When V is IN ≤V DD The voltage switching circuit outputs a low-voltage power supply V DD 。
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CN114400888B (en) * 2022-01-25 2023-10-10 无锡英迪芯微电子科技股份有限公司 Self-adaptive hybrid linear modulation and frequency modulation charge pump circuit
CN116742950A (en) * 2023-08-09 2023-09-12 深圳市美矽微半导体有限公司 Charge pump circuit
CN117498684A (en) * 2023-12-29 2024-02-02 中茵微电子(南京)有限公司 Charge pump output voltage regulating circuit

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US6577514B2 (en) * 2001-04-05 2003-06-10 Saifun Semiconductors Ltd. Charge pump with constant boosted output voltage
CN101674009A (en) * 2008-09-10 2010-03-17 中芯国际集成电路制造(上海)有限公司 Charge pump output voltage regulation circuit
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