CN113654851A - Device and method for sampling aerosol in containment vessel under severe accident condition - Google Patents
Device and method for sampling aerosol in containment vessel under severe accident condition Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling
- G01N1/2205—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling with filters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
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- G01N15/0205—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means, e.g. by light scattering, diffraction, holography or imaging
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
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- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C17/00—Monitoring; Testing ; Maintaining
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention aims to provide a containment aerosol sampling device and a measurement method suitable for severe accident conditions. The invention solves the problem of insufficient sampling in the high-temperature and high-humidity environment at present, and can stably and efficiently operate for a long time. The use of the tandem pressure reducing device can realize the hot pressure reduction of the aerosol under the condition of minimum or even no damage. And the sampling flow control of the aerosol is more accurate by adopting a double-point parameter measurement technology. The use of the fiber filter can realize the removal of aerosol under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, so that the difficulty of the removal operation of aerosol deposition in experimental equipment and the pipe wall surface is simplified.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an aerosol sampling device and a measuring method, in particular to an aerosol sampling device and a measuring method under the condition of a serious accident of a nuclear power station.
Background
In the event of a severe accident in the reactor, such as extensive failure of the fuel element cladding of the core, fission products may be released from the damaged or molten elements, followed by migration, settling and resuspension processes within the reactor coolant system. After the pressure boundary of the reactor coolant system is broken, the coolant containing the radioactive fission product at high temperature and high pressure is released into the containment vessel along with the occurrence of the breach accident. The aerosol is one of the main states of fission products, can migrate and settle in the containment along with the progress of serious accidents, once the integrity of the containment is damaged, the radioactive aerosol can be released to the environment, and even if the integrity of the containment is not damaged, the radioactive aerosol can also leak into the environment through the gaps of the containment, so that the radioactive aerosol can cause harm to surrounding personnel and the environment. Therefore, the monitoring of the transport and deposition rules of the radioactive aerosol in the containment has important reference value for the establishment of accident emergency measures.
In addition, with the development of serious accident process, the thermal environment of the aerosol in the containment vessel has great difference, and the environmental difference can change the migration mechanism and the removal rate of the aerosol, such as: the aerosol has high concentration and large particle size under the conditions of high temperature, high pressure and low humidity, and the gravity settling and Brownian polymerization mechanism is dominant at the moment; when the aerosol is in a high-temperature, high-pressure and high-humidity environment, even if the concentration of the aerosol is very high, the particle size is large, and the removal speed of diffusion electrophoresis is far higher than the quantity of the aerosol removed by gravity sedimentation and Brownian polymerization. Diffusion electrophoresis is the primary removal mechanism for aerosols under this condition. Through comparison of the two thermal conditions, it can be found that different thermal environments exist, and removal mechanisms corresponding to aerosols also differ, so that aerosol behavior calculation models in the complex environment are relatively lacked, and the existing models are also lack of experimental verification, which brings great uncertainty to source item analysis and emergency planning division after a serious accident. Therefore, experimental study on the aerosol removal mechanism under high-temperature, high-pressure and high-humidity conditions needs to be carried out to obtain experimental data on the aerosol behavior in the containment vessel under severe accident conditions and a refined prediction model.
Whether the real-time monitoring of the aerosol characteristics in the containment vessel or the experimental study of the aerosol behavior rule under the containment vessel simulation environment requires high-precision sampling analysis of the aerosol under the high-temperature and high-humidity environment. The current sampling analysis method for aerosol can be roughly summarized into the following three methods: charged impact sampling method, mechanical filter membrane sampling method and optical sampling analysis method. The charged impact sampling method is accomplished by using a charged impact sampler. The particles entering the sampler are charged with a certain amount of electric charge by a charging device and then are collected in a low-voltage series-connected impactor according to aerodynamic particle size classification. The induced electrical signal on the collecting sensor is in direct proportion to the mass concentration of the collected particles, so that the mass concentration of the aerosol in different particle size ranges can be analyzed. The host machine has the use conditions that the temperature of sample gas is less than 60 ℃, the humidity range is 0-90% (water vapor can not be condensed), the host machine can be matched with an aerosol diluter to work, and the analysis on the mass concentration of the aerodynamic particle diameter of the aerosol under the high-pressure and high-humidity conditions is carried out, but the aerosol dilution process has a plurality of branches for supplying air and reducing pressure, so that the loop length is large, the excessive loss of the aerosol is easily caused, and the deviation of the measured concentration of the aerosol sample gas after the pressure reduction of the plurality of branches is large. The mechanical filter membrane sampling method realizes single sampling by matching the metal filter membrane support with the filter membrane. After sampling, the filter membrane in the metal filter membrane support needs to be taken out, and the particle size and the quantity of the aerosol are analyzed by a scanning electron microscope or a weighing method. The method can not realize continuous sampling, and the sampling pressure difference of the inlet and the outlet of the metal filter membrane needs to be controlled because the filter membrane is fragile, but the method can be used for aerosol sampling under the conditions of high pressure and high humidity. The last method is also the most widely used real-time sampling method, optical sampling analysis. The optical sampling analysis method can realize high-precision continuous sampling analysis, and the method not only has application in the field of nuclear science, but also has a very high application range in the field of production of medical protective products, such as analysis on the aerosol removal efficiency of a medical mask and the like. The main equipment of the optical sampling analysis method is an optical particle counter, and the equipment can obtain the particle size distribution characteristics of particles by performing laser irradiation on the particles, measuring the energy distribution of scattered light, and analyzing the relationship between the intensity of the scattered light and the particle size of the particles. When the optical particle counter is used for measuring the particle size, the optical particle counter must ensure that the sampling gas flowing through the probe is stabilized at 5L/min, the host of the optical particle counter and the probe work in a matching way to accurately control the flow under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure, then under the high-pressure condition, particularly the environment of high-pressure gas with water vapor, the host can be damaged due to high temperature, and the water vapor is condensed due to low temperature, so that the host cannot realize the control of the sampling flow at the probe, and the optical particle counter cannot realize the real-time measurement of aerosol under the environment of high temperature, high pressure and high humidity.
By integrating the aerosol sampling and measuring equipment, the charged impact sampler can sample the aerosol under the high-pressure high-humidity condition, but on one hand, due to the existence of the pressure reducing branch, the aerosol generates large loss when a pipeline and a pressure reducing sample are taken, and on the other hand, the aerosol of the sample needs to carry charges, so that the aerosol of a part of the sample generates no charges after contacting with the sampling pipeline, the aerosol can not sample, the loss of the sample is caused, and the analysis work of the aerosol concentration in the containment under the accident condition can not be met. In the case of the mechanical membrane sampling method, although the loss of the sampled sample is not caused, since the analysis process is troublesome and continuous sampling is not performed, additional workload is added to the analysis of the accident source item and the concentration change of the accident aerosol cannot be monitored from time to time.
Therefore, in order to solve the defects of the sampling analysis of the optical particle counter under the conditions of high temperature, high pressure and high humidity, the invention provides a sampling measurement scheme which can enable the optical particle counter to be applied under the conditions of high temperature, high pressure and high humidity. The basic principle is as follows: the high-temperature high-pressure high-humidity sample aerosol is cooled and depressurized through the serial pressure reducing device and then enters the probe to be measured, the gas components and the purity meet the control requirements by utilizing the water vapor treatment unit and the fiber filtering unit, and the accurate control of the sampling flow at the probe is realized through the matching of the double-point pressure sensor and the temperature sensor with the logic control assembly.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a containment aerosol sampling device and a measurement method which can solve the problem of insufficient sampling analysis of an optical particle counter under the conditions of high temperature, high pressure and high humidity and are suitable for severe accident conditions.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention relates to a containment aerosol sampling device suitable for severe accident conditions, which is characterized in that: the container, the sample tube way, the tandem pressure relief device, optics particle counter probe, the cistern, heat transfer water tank, the container passes through the sample tube way and connects optics particle counter probe, set up the tandem pressure relief device on the sample tube way, heat transfer water tank is linked together through two root canals of high difference with the cistern, set up the heat exchange tube in the heat transfer water tank, the one end of heat exchange tube is through optics particle counter probe connection sample tube way, the other end of heat exchange tube stretches out from the heat transfer water tank bottom, and set up catch water in the part that stretches out, fine filter, flow controller.
The device for sampling aerosol in the containment vessel, which is suitable for severe accident conditions, can further comprise:
1. and a check valve and a fiber filter are arranged on the heat exchange tube below the probe of the optical particle counter.
2. The fiber filter is characterized by further comprising a first stop valve and a third stop valve, a first path is arranged between the check valve and the fiber filter, the first stop valve is arranged on the first path, the third stop valve is arranged on the heat exchange tube below the fiber filter, a second path is arranged between the third stop valve and the fiber filter, and the second stop valve is arranged on the second path.
3. The container is internally provided with a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor inside the container, a sampling valve is arranged on a sampling pipeline between the container and the serial pressure reducing device, and an optical measurement pressure sensor and an optical measurement temperature sensor are arranged on a sampling pipeline between the serial pressure reducing device and the optical particle counter probe.
4. Tandem pressure relief device includes the casing, sets gradually nozzle, first buffer segment, surge chamber, second buffer segment in the casing, still sets up automatic exhaust duct in the casing, and automatic exhaust duct stretches out to the casing outside, sets up automatic exhaust valve on the automatic exhaust duct, and the surge chamber sets up pressure sensor.
The invention relates to a method for sampling and measuring aerosol in a containment vessel under a serious accident condition, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: heating the sampling pipeline to ensure that steam does not generate condensation in the sampling pipe, and heating the probe of the optical particle counter to ensure that the working temperature of the probe is higher than the temperature of the sample gas to prevent the steam from condensing; opening a pressure sensor in the container, an optical measurement pressure sensor, a temperature sensor in the container, an optical measurement temperature sensor and a flow controller, opening a sampling valve, enabling sample gas to pass through a serial pressure reduction device, cooling and reducing pressure, sequentially flowing through the optical measurement pressure sensor and the optical measurement temperature sensor, and obtaining the quantity and the mass concentration of aerosol in the sample gas through the scattering intensity of measurement light when the sample gas passes through a probe of an optical particle counter; the measured sample gas passes through the fiber filter and the heat exchange tube, leaves clean and dry non-condensable gas, and finally flows through the flow controller to be discharged into the atmosphere.
The method for sampling and measuring the aerosol in the containment vessel under the severe accident condition can further comprise the following steps:
1. in the aerosol sampling and measuring process, the opening of the flow controller is controlled to enable the mixed gas flow passing through the probe of the optical particle counter to reach a preset value, namely, the steam share of the sample gas is calculated through the parameters of the temperature sensor in the container and the pressure sensor in the container, which are close to a sampling pipeline, and then the thermal parameters measured by the optical measurement pressure sensor and the optical measurement temperature sensor are used for determining the density value of the mixed gas at the moment, and then the flow controller is used for regulating and controlling the flow of the non-condensable gas in real time in combination with the flow of the non-condensable gas measured by the downstream flow controller to obtain the flow of the mixed gas flowing through the probe, so that the flow at the optical probe is ensured to meet the measurement requirement.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the sampling device overcomes the defects of sampling in the high-temperature and high-humidity environment at present, and can stably and efficiently operate for a long time so as to meet the sampling analysis work of aerosol in the containment under accident conditions.
2. The use of the tandem pressure reducing device can realize the hot pressure reduction of the aerosol under the condition of minimum or even no damage.
3. And the sampling flow control of the aerosol is more accurate by adopting a double-point parameter measurement technology.
4. The use of the fiber filter can realize the removal of aerosol under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, and due to the design of the purging loop, the difficulty of the removal operation of aerosol deposition in the experimental equipment and the pipe wall surface is simplified.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a tandem pressure reduction device.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in more detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
with reference to fig. 1-2, the present invention provides a method for sampling aerosol under high temperature and high pressure conditions in a container and containing a large amount of water vapor, and a high-precision measurement technique. The sampling and measuring loop consists of an in-container temperature sensor 1, an in-container pressure sensor 2, a serial pressure reducing device 4, an optical measurement pressure sensor 5, an optical measurement temperature sensor 6, a temperature controller 20, a probe 7 of an optical particle counter, a host machine 8, fiber filtering units 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13, water vapor processing units 14, 15, 16 and 17, a flow controller 18, a logic control assembly 19 and a container 21, and is connected through pipelines. A sampling valve 3 is arranged at the relevant position of the pipeline. Through the series connection of the units, the high-temperature and high-pressure sample gas in the container can enter the probe for aerosol concentration analysis after being subjected to lossless pressure reduction through the serial pressure reduction device. Because the operational environment of flow controller is normal atmospheric temperature, ordinary pressure, and can't carry out the flow measurement of the mist of air-steam, so the sample gas need cool down earlier after flowing through the probe, has designed corresponding vapor processing unit for the demand that satisfies the cooling, and this unit can get off the sample gas cooling of high temperature. In order to prevent aerosol deposited during steam cooling from blocking the continuous inflow of sample gas and influencing the working performance of a steam cooling unit and the reliable work of a flow controller, the aerosol is removed before the sample gas flows through a water vapor treatment unit, but because the aerosol is in a hot environment containing a large amount of water vapor, a common glass fiber filter cannot meet the requirements of working parameters, a fluffy metal fiber filter is adopted, and according to the characteristics of the metal fiber filter, in order to ensure the long-time reliable operation of the filter, a purging loop is designed at the inlet and the outlet of the fiber filter.
The basic principle of the aerosol sampling and measuring circuit is as follows: high-temperature high-pressure sampling gas in the container passes through the tandem pressure reducing device and becomes high-temperature low-pressure sample gas, so that the measurement requirement of an optical measurement probe can be met, aerosol particle size distribution and concentration measurement can be carried out through the optical probe, the measured sample gas enters the water vapor treatment unit after the aerosol is removed through the fiber filter, and the water vapor treatment unit mainly has the effects of cooling and separating water vapor in mixed sample gas so as to meet the use requirement of a rear-end flow controller. And the residual non-condensable gas after passing through the water vapor treatment unit enters a flow controller, and is metered by the flow controller and feeds back a current signal for controlling the sampling flow. In order to ensure that the flow at the optical probe meets the measurement requirement, double-point thermal parameter measurement is adopted, namely, a high-precision pressure sensor and a high-precision temperature sensor are arranged at the inlet of the optical probe and in the container, the acquired pressure signal and temperature signal are transmitted to a logic control component, and the molar fraction of the steam in the mixed gas is determined through the corresponding relation between the temperature and the pressure of the steam in the mixed gas in the container, the molar fraction and the acquisition of the thermal parameters at the optical probe are obtained, the mixing density of the mixed gas can be obtained, and then the flow of the non-condensable gas measured by a downstream flow controller is combined, the flow rate of the mixed gas flowing through the probe can be obtained, the flow rate of the mixed gas can be set in the programming process of the logic control assembly, therefore, the flow controller can adjust and control the flow of the non-condensable gas in real time, and the flow at the optical probe can meet the measurement requirement.
According to the serious accident analysis result, the pressure in the containment vessel is higher after the serious accident, and the pressure can exceed the use condition of the optical measurement instrument under some working conditions, so that the monitoring can not be carried out. In addition, in order to meet the requirements of passive operation and reduction of aerosol loss, the front end of the optical measuring instrument cannot perform pressure reduction and flow control in a mode of arranging a valve, so that the serial pressure reduction device is designed to realize sampling pressure reduction and flow regulation of sample gas in the container. In fig. 2, the tandem pressure reduction device 4 is composed of a nozzle 24, buffer sections 26 and 27, a buffer chamber 26, an automatic exhaust valve 22 of a pressure sensor 23 and a logic control component 19, and can realize temperature reduction and pressure reduction with low aerosol loss in sample gas even under the lossless condition. The sample gas is cooled and decompressed through the nozzle 24, then enters the buffer chamber 26 through the buffer section 25, and is connected with the sampling pipeline through the buffer section 27. The buffer chamber 26 is provided with a pressure sensor 23 and an automatic exhaust valve 22, and the pressure value of the sample gas in the buffer chamber can be controlled by controlling the opening degree of the automatic exhaust valve 22. After the sample gas passes through the convergent nozzle, the flow velocity reaches a critical state, in order to achieve the effect of pressure reduction, the divergent nozzle needs to be configured, in order to reduce the problem of fluid oscillation of the sample gas after passing through the nozzle, a gas storage cavity is designed, and through the optimization of the structure and the process, the divergent nozzle and the gas storage cavity are combined to form a buffer chamber 26 in the figure 2. In order to ensure that the loss of aerosol when the sample gas flows in the serial pressure reducing device is minimum, the designed geometric shape of the gas storage cavity is the same as the airflow flow field sprayed by the divergent nozzle, and in order to facilitate the installation of elements and reduce the processing technology of equipment, the buffer sections 25 and 27 are designed. According to the analysis of the critical theory, when the upstream pressure changes, the flow value from the nozzle also changes, so that the pressure of the buffer chamber 26 rises, and in order to solve the problem that the flow of the nozzle is not matched with the sampling flow of the flow controller, the pressure sensor 23 and the automatic exhaust valve 22 are designed and installed in the buffer chamber and connected with the logic control assembly 19, so that when the upstream pressure changes, the opening degree of the automatic exhaust valve can be adjusted through the pressure value set in the logic control assembly 19 to control the pressure value of the sample gas in the buffer chamber.
In practical use of the sampling loop, the flow controller 18 is an important part thereof, and according to the working conditions, the controller needs to work under the condition of normal temperature and normal pressure of dry air, and the gas passing through the controller cannot contain fine particles such as aerosol, and no matter whether the using conditions are violated, irreversible damage can be caused to the flow controller 18. Fiber filter units 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 for removing fine particles such as aerosol and water vapor treatment units 14, 15, 16, 17 for satisfying the use condition of the flow controller 18 under the condition of normal temperature and normal pressure of dry air are designed according to the difference between the use condition of the flow controller 18 and the parameters in the sample gas.
The fibre filter unit 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 in fig. 1 consists of a non-return valve 9, a fibre filter 11 and shut-off valves 10, 12, 13. Because the sample aerosol in the loop is in a high-temperature high-pressure state, a fiber filter is designed for efficiently removing the sample aerosol, namely the removal of the aerosol under the high-temperature high-pressure condition is realized through the combination of a flange and a fiber felt. However, some aerosols are easy to accumulate on the surface of the fiber felt in the actual use process, and the aerosols can block the flow rate of the sample gas. To solve this problem, a purge loop is installed in the fiber filtration unit, and the loop valve 13 is closed, the automatic exhaust valves 10 and 12 are opened, and a path of purge gas flow is supplemented to make it enter the automatic exhaust valve 12 to reversely purge the fiber filter, so that the purge gas can carry the aerosol out of the loop from the automatic exhaust valve 10.
The steam treatment units 14, 15, 16, 17 in fig. 1 consist of a heat exchange water tank 14, a water reservoir 15, a steam-water separator 16 and a fine filter 17. The length of the required heat exchange tube is calculated by setting the sampling flow and the highest thermal parameters of the sample gas, and the heat exchange tube is placed in the heat exchange water tank 14 so that the cooling water in the heat exchange water tank 14 completely submerges the heat exchange tube. The heat exchange water tank 14 is connected with the water storage tank 15 through two round pipes with different heights, when the sampling loop works, the temperature of the sample gas is transmitted to the cooling water in the heat exchange water tank 14, so that the temperature of the cooling water in the heat exchange water tank 14 rises, and forms a temperature difference with the water in the water storage tank 15, and under the action of the density difference, the water in the two water tanks can naturally flow. After passing through the heat exchange water tank 14, the sample gas can be condensed into water drops, and then the water drops in the sample gas are removed through the dual functions of the steam-water separator 16 and the precision filter 17, and only non-condensed gas is left.
The control unit in fig. 1 has two parts, namely a temperature controller 20 and a logic control assembly 19, wherein the temperature controller 20 is used for controlling the temperature of the sampling pipeline before the sample gas passes through the probe, and the logic control assembly 19 adopts a double-point data acquisition mode and controls the opening degree of the flow controller 18 through an internal control program. The scheme and principle of flow control are as follows: firstly, in order to prevent the mixed sample gas at the probe of the optical particle counter from carrying small liquid drops, polluting the lens of the probe and influencing the sampling precision, the sample gas passing through the probe is ensured to be in an overheated state. The temperature parameters of the conduit may be set by the temperature controller 20. Because the steam portion of the sample gas at the moment can not be calculated by the optical measurement pressure sensor 5 and the optical measurement temperature sensor 6 after the sample gas is in an overheated state, a two-point control idea is specially proposed, namely the steam portion of the sample gas is calculated by the temperature sensor 1 in the container and the pressure sensor 2 in the container which are close to a sampling pipeline, then the density value of the mixed gas at the moment is determined by thermal parameters measured by the optical measurement pressure sensor 5 and the optical measurement temperature sensor 6, and then the opening value of the flow controller 18 when the sampling flow at the probe is met is calculated by the mass conservation of the non-condensable gas.
As shown in fig. 1, the circuit is composed of an in-container temperature sensor 1, an in-container pressure sensor 2, a tandem pressure reducer 4, an optical measurement pressure sensor 5, an optical measurement temperature sensor 6, a temperature controller 20, a probe 7 of an optical particle counter, a host 8, high-temperature and high-pressure aerosol removing units 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13, water vapor processing units 14, 15, 16 and 17, a flow controller 18, a logic control assembly 19 and a container 21, and is connected through pipelines. And a sampling valve is arranged at a relevant position of the pipeline. The sensors 1, 2, 5, 6 and the flow controller 18 are connected with the logic control assembly 19, so that the acquisition and control signals can be connected into the logic control assembly 19, and the sampling loop is connected into a whole.
According to a technical flow chart for sampling and measuring aerosol in a containment vessel under severe accident conditions shown in fig. 1, the overall working process is as follows. The temperature controller 20 is started, the sampling pipeline is heated, steam does not generate condensation in the sampling pipe, the temperature rise operation is carried out on the probe 7 of the optical particle counter through the host machine 8 of the optical particle counter, the working temperature of the probe is higher than the temperature of the sample gas, and the steam condensation is prevented. The pressure sensors 2, 5, temperature sensors 1, 6, flow controller 18 and logic control module 19 are turned on in preparation for the control of the sampled mixed flow. The sampling valve 3 is opened, the sample gas passes through the serial pressure reducing device 4 to be cooled and reduced in pressure, and flows through the optical measurement pressure sensor 5 and the optical measurement temperature sensor 6 in sequence. When the sample gas flows through the probe of the optical particle counter, the quantity and mass concentration of the aerosol in the sample gas can be obtained by measuring the scattering intensity of the light. The sample gas after measurement is passed through the fiber filter units 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and the water vapor treatment units 14, 15, 16, 17, leaving only clean, dry, non-condensable gas, which is finally discharged to the atmosphere via the flow controller 18. The aerosol sampling and measuring technology needs to control the opening degree of the flow controller 18 to make the flow rate of the mixed gas passing through the probe 7 of the optical particle counter reach a preset value, namely, the steam share of the sample gas is calculated by the logic control component 19 through the parameter transmission of the temperature sensor 1 in the container and the pressure sensor 2 in the container which are close to the sampling pipeline, then the density value of the mixed gas at the moment is determined through the thermal parameters measured by the optical measurement pressure sensor 5 and the optical measurement temperature sensor 6, and then the flow of the non-condensable gas measured by a downstream flow controller is combined, the flow rate of the mixed gas flowing through the probe can be obtained, the flow rate of the mixed gas can be set in the programming process of the logic control assembly, therefore, the flow controller can adjust and control the flow of the non-condensable gas in real time, and the flow at the optical probe can meet the measurement requirement.
As shown in fig. 2, the tandem pressure reducing device 4 is composed of a nozzle 24, buffer sections 26 and 27, a buffer chamber 26, a pressure sensor 23, an automatic exhaust valve 22, and a logic control assembly 19. The nozzle 24, the buffer sections 26 and 27 and the buffer chamber 26 are integrated into a processing device, and 2 branches are reserved at the side end of the buffer chamber 26, wherein one branch is fixedly connected with the pressure sensor 23 through threads, and the other branch is connected with the automatic exhaust valve 22 through a straight-through way. The sample gas is cooled and decompressed through the nozzle 24, then enters the buffer chamber 26 through the buffer section 25, and is connected with the sampling pipeline through the buffer section 2. The buffer chamber 26 is provided with a pressure sensor 23 and an automatic exhaust valve 22, and the opening of the automatic exhaust valve 22 can be controlled by a set value in the logic control assembly 19 to control the pressure value of the sample gas in the buffer chamber. The tandem decompression device 4 can realize temperature reduction and decompression under the condition of low loss of aerosol in sample gas.
As shown in fig. 1, the fiber filter units 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 are composed of a check valve 9, a fiber filter 11 and stop valves 10, 12, 13, which are connected with each other by flanges and pipes. Because the sample aerosol in the loop is in a high-temperature high-pressure state, a fiber filter is designed for efficiently removing the sample aerosol, namely the removal of the aerosol under the high-temperature high-pressure condition is realized through the combination of a flange and a fiber felt. However, some aerosols are easy to accumulate on the surface of the fiber felt in the actual use process, and the aerosols can block the flow rate of the sample gas. To solve this problem, a purge loop is installed in the fiber filtration unit, and the loop valve 13 is closed, the automatic exhaust valves 10 and 12 are opened, and a path of purge gas flow is supplemented to make it enter the automatic exhaust valve 12 to reversely purge the fiber filter, so that the purge gas can carry the aerosol out of the loop from the automatic exhaust valve 10.
As shown in fig. 1, the water vapor treatment units 14, 15, 16, 17 are composed of a heat exchange water tank 14, a water reservoir 15, a steam-water separator 16, and a fine filter 17. The heat exchange water tank 14 is connected with the reservoir 15 through a pipeline and a flange, a heat exchange tube in the heat exchange water tank 14 is connected with the wall surface of the heat exchange water tank 14 through a plate penetrating clamping sleeve, and the heat exchange tube is directly connected with the steam-water separator 16 and the precision filter 17 through a clamping sleeve and an external thread. When the water vapor treatment units 14, 15, 16 and 17 are used, the length of the required heat exchange tube is calculated by setting the sampling flow and the highest thermal parameters of the sample gas, and the heat exchange tube is arranged in the heat exchange water tank 14, so that the cooling water in the heat exchange water tank 14 completely submerges the heat exchange tube. The heat exchange water tank 14 is connected with the water storage tank 15 through two round pipes with different heights, when the sampling loop works, the temperature of the sample gas is transmitted to the cooling water in the heat exchange water tank 14, so that the temperature of the cooling water in the heat exchange water tank 14 rises, and forms a temperature difference with the water in the water storage tank 15, and under the action of the density difference, the water in the two water tanks can naturally flow. After passing through the heat exchange water tank 14, the sample gas can be condensed into water drops, and then the water drops in the sample gas are removed through the dual functions of the steam-water separator 16 and the precision filter 17, and only non-condensed gas is left.
The control unit in fig. 1 has two parts, namely a temperature controller 20 and a logic control assembly 19, wherein the temperature controller 20 is used for controlling the temperature of the sampling pipeline before the sample gas passes through the probe, and the logic control assembly 19 adopts a double-point data acquisition mode and controls the opening degree of the flow controller 18 through an internal self-developed control program. The temperature controller 20 is composed of a PID temperature controller, a heating band, a thermocouple contacted with the outer surface of the pipeline and a pipeline insulating layer. The temperature value can be set during the use, through the outer heating band heating power of thermocouple feedback control sample pipeline with sample pipeline surface contact for the temperature of pipeline surface is unanimous with the settlement temperature. The logic control assembly 19 is composed of a temperature acquisition card, a current control card and an integrated controller, and all the parts are connected through signal lines. The scheme and principle of the logic control assembly 19 to implement flow control is as follows: firstly, in order to prevent the mixed sample gas at the probe of the optical particle counter from carrying small liquid drops, polluting the lens of the probe and influencing the sampling precision, the sample gas passing through the probe is ensured to be in an overheated state. The temperature parameters of the conduit may be set by the temperature controller 20. Because the steam portion of the sample gas at the moment can not be calculated by the optical measurement pressure sensor 5 and the optical measurement temperature sensor 6 after the sample gas is in an overheated state, a two-point control idea is specially proposed, namely the steam portion of the sample gas is calculated by the temperature sensor 1 in the container and the pressure sensor 2 in the container which are close to a sampling pipeline, then the density value of the mixed gas at the moment is determined by thermal parameters measured by the optical measurement pressure sensor 5 and the optical measurement temperature sensor 6, and then the opening value of the flow controller 18 when the sampling flow at the probe is met is calculated by the mass conservation of the non-condensable gas.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides an aerosol sampling device in containment suitable for serious accident condition which characterized by: the container, the sample tube way, the tandem pressure relief device, optics particle counter probe, the cistern, heat transfer water tank, the container passes through the sample tube way and connects optics particle counter probe, set up the tandem pressure relief device on the sample tube way, heat transfer water tank is linked together through two root canals of high difference with the cistern, set up the heat exchange tube in the heat transfer water tank, the one end of heat exchange tube is through optics particle counter probe connection sample tube way, the other end of heat exchange tube stretches out from the heat transfer water tank bottom, and set up catch water in the part that stretches out, fine filter, flow controller.
2. The in-containment aerosol sampling device suitable for severe accident conditions, according to claim 1, wherein: and a check valve and a fiber filter are arranged on the heat exchange tube below the probe of the optical particle counter.
3. The in-containment aerosol sampling device suitable for severe accident conditions, according to claim 2, wherein: the fiber filter is characterized by further comprising a first stop valve and a third stop valve, a first path is arranged between the check valve and the fiber filter, the first stop valve is arranged on the first path, the third stop valve is arranged on the heat exchange tube below the fiber filter, a second path is arranged between the third stop valve and the fiber filter, and the second stop valve is arranged on the second path.
4. An in-containment aerosol sampling device suitable for use in severe accident conditions according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the container is internally provided with a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor inside the container, a sampling valve is arranged on a sampling pipeline between the container and the serial pressure reducing device, and an optical measurement pressure sensor and an optical measurement temperature sensor are arranged on a sampling pipeline between the serial pressure reducing device and the optical particle counter probe.
5. An in-containment aerosol sampling device suitable for use in severe accident conditions according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: tandem pressure relief device includes the casing, sets gradually nozzle, first buffer segment, surge chamber, second buffer segment in the casing, still sets up automatic exhaust duct in the casing, and automatic exhaust duct stretches out to the casing outside, sets up automatic exhaust valve on the automatic exhaust duct, and the surge chamber sets up pressure sensor.
6. The in-containment aerosol sampling device suitable for severe accident conditions, according to claim 4, wherein: tandem pressure relief device includes the casing, sets gradually nozzle, first buffer segment, surge chamber, second buffer segment in the casing, still sets up automatic exhaust duct in the casing, and automatic exhaust duct stretches out to the casing outside, sets up automatic exhaust valve on the automatic exhaust duct, and the surge chamber sets up pressure sensor.
7. A sampling and measuring method for aerosol in a containment vessel under a serious accident condition is characterized by comprising the following steps: heating the sampling pipeline to ensure that steam does not generate condensation in the sampling pipe, and heating the probe of the optical particle counter to ensure that the working temperature of the probe is higher than the temperature of the sample gas to prevent the steam from condensing; opening a pressure sensor in the container, an optical measurement pressure sensor, a temperature sensor in the container, an optical measurement temperature sensor and a flow controller, opening a sampling valve, enabling sample gas to pass through a serial pressure reduction device, cooling and reducing pressure, sequentially flowing through the optical measurement pressure sensor and the optical measurement temperature sensor, and obtaining the quantity and the mass concentration of aerosol in the sample gas through the scattering intensity of measurement light when the sample gas passes through a probe of an optical particle counter; the measured sample gas passes through the fiber filter and the heat exchange tube, leaves clean and dry non-condensable gas, and finally flows through the flow controller to be discharged into the atmosphere.
8. The method for sampling and measuring the aerosol in the containment vessel in the severe accident condition as claimed in claim 7, wherein: in the aerosol sampling and measuring process, the opening of the flow controller is controlled to enable the mixed gas flow passing through the probe of the optical particle counter to reach a preset value, namely, the steam share of the sample gas is calculated through the parameters of the temperature sensor in the container and the pressure sensor in the container, which are close to a sampling pipeline, and then the thermal parameters measured by the optical measurement pressure sensor and the optical measurement temperature sensor are used for determining the density value of the mixed gas at the moment, and then the flow controller is used for regulating and controlling the flow of the non-condensable gas in real time in combination with the flow of the non-condensable gas measured by the downstream flow controller to obtain the flow of the mixed gas flowing through the probe, so that the flow at the optical probe is ensured to meet the measurement requirement.
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