CN110927030A - Pipeline test platform and aerosol deposition rate determination method based on same - Google Patents
Pipeline test platform and aerosol deposition rate determination method based on same Download PDFInfo
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- CN110927030A CN110927030A CN201911116369.8A CN201911116369A CN110927030A CN 110927030 A CN110927030 A CN 110927030A CN 201911116369 A CN201911116369 A CN 201911116369A CN 110927030 A CN110927030 A CN 110927030A
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- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/04—Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C17/00—Monitoring; Testing ; Maintaining
- G21C17/001—Mechanical simulators
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C17/00—Monitoring; Testing ; Maintaining
- G21C17/017—Inspection or maintenance of pipe-lines or tubes in nuclear installations
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technology of nuclear reactors, and particularly relates to a pipeline test platform and an aerosol deposition rate determination method based on the platform. The platform comprises a fan, a filter, an electric heater and a buffer tank which are sequentially arranged on an outlet pipeline of the fan, and a first right-angle bent pipe, a parallel pipeline, a second right-angle bent pipe and a three-way valve which are sequentially arranged on an outlet pipeline of the buffer tank; the method comprises the steps of designing measurement points to respectively collect aerosol concentration, then obtaining the deposition rate of the aerosol in a pipeline, and obtaining the aerosol deposition rate of pipelines between different measurement points. The working condition of the sodium-cooled fast reactor accident smoke exhaust system is well simulated by the platform, the selection of the measuring points is based on the flow characteristics of aerosol, the aerosol concentration of each position is reasonably and accurately reflected, the sampling is reasonable, the aerosol deposition rate of different pipe section positions is obtained, and then the relation between the diameter of the pipeline and the aerosol deposition rate is obtained through data simulation analysis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technology of nuclear reactors, and particularly relates to a pipeline test platform and an aerosol deposition rate determination method based on the platform.
Background
The aerosol is solid or liquid particles suspended in gas, is a main carrier for radioactive substance release during a serious accident of a reactor, is relatively complex in processes of diffusion, distribution, deposition and the like in space, is influenced by a plurality of factors, influences radioactive source items released into the environment, and is focused in the field of safety of the serious accident of the reactor.
The accident process of the sodium-cooled fast reactor serious accident can be divided into a main container inner behavior and a containment inner behavior. Accident processes in the containment include sodium fire accidents after sodium leaks into the containment, deposition and migration of radioactive aerosols in the containment, and the like. Wherein, the migration and deposition of aerosol in the containment accident smoke exhaust system will affect the final source item distribution, and the aerosol is widely concerned.
The conventional aerosol test is directed at aerosol deposition behaviors of straight pipe sections under high-temperature and high-speed flow, multi-pipe sections under normal temperature and normal pressure flow and straight pipe sections under high-temperature and normal pressure flow, and an aerosol test process which is carried out on test working conditions with bent pipe sections and high carrier gas temperature does not occur.
In a certain research, aerosol is generated by sodium fire, the temperature (about 250 ℃) of the aerosol and carrier gas thereof is obviously higher than the temperature of the external environment, and a test device and a method are required to be capable of adapting to the temperature change of the carrier gas.
In addition, in light water reactors, under severe accident conditions, aerosol is first released from the core and enters the primary loop main pipe. Under the condition, the cooling agent in the primary circuit can be gradually lost, the test condition can be accompanied by steam, the influence caused by the steam is reflected in the aerosol test, and the actual working condition is better simulated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pipeline test platform and an aerosol deposition rate measuring method based on the platform, which can meet aerosol test conditions generated by sodium fire, better simulate actual working conditions and obtain accurate test conclusions.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a pipeline test platform comprises a fan, a filter arranged on a fan inlet pipeline, an electric heater and a buffer tank which are sequentially arranged on a fan outlet pipeline, a first right-angle bent pipe, a parallel pipeline, a second right-angle bent pipe and a three-way valve which are sequentially arranged on a buffer tank outlet pipeline; the three-way valve is characterized in that pipelines connected with two ports are located on an XY plane, the fan, the filter, the electric heater, the buffer tank, the first right-angle elbow, the parallel pipeline and the second right-angle elbow are located on the XY plane, pipelines connected with the rest one port of the three-way valve are continuously connected with the pipelines along the Z direction perpendicular to the XY plane through a third right-angle elbow along the X direction and then are connected with the pipelines along the-Z direction through a fourth right-angle elbow, and the tail end of the pipeline is connected with the filter.
And the other inlet of the buffer tank is connected with an aerosol generator.
The buffer tank is connected with a steam generator through a pipeline.
And aerosol measuring equipment is arranged on the outlet pipeline of the buffer tank.
An aerosol deposition rate measuring method comprises the following steps:
1) connecting a filter with a fan, sequentially installing an electric heater and a buffer tank on a fan outlet pipeline, sequentially installing a first right-angle elbow, a parallel pipeline, a second right-angle elbow and a three-way valve on a buffer tank outlet pipeline, enabling the equipment to be connected through a pipeline and located in an XY plane, wherein two port connecting pipelines of the three-way valve are located in the XY plane, arranging a pipeline connected with the other rest port of the three-way valve along the Z direction on the XZ plane, and enabling the pipeline to be connected with the filter through the third right-angle elbow and the fourth right-angle elbow;
2) filtering and cleaning the air to ensure that the mass concentration of the filtered air aerosol is lower than 0.05mg/m3;
3) An electric heater can be adopted to heat the air to 200-250 ℃, and the temperature is maintained;
4) uniformly mixing air and aerosol by adopting a buffer tank;
5) the aerosol concentrations at different measuring points measured at the outlet pipeline of the buffer tank are respectively recorded as C1…CNWherein N is the number of measurement points;
6) the deposition rate of the aerosol in the pipeline is obtained, namely the deposition rate of the aerosol in an accident exhaust system under the accident condition
Wherein, C0Initial mass concentration of aerosol, C) injected into the test apparatus in step 4)iThe mass concentration of the aerosol measured at the ith measuring point is measured; DF (Decode-feed)iThe deposition rate of the aerosol in the section of the pipeline from the aerosol inlet to the measuring point;
7) calculating DFi-DFjAnd obtaining the aerosol deposition rate of pipelines between different measurement points.
Where j is 1,2 … 9, and j < i.
In the step 4), a steam generator is connected to the buffer tank (4), so that steam enters the buffer tank (4) and is uniformly mixed with clean air and aerosol.
The number N of the measuring points in the step 5) is 8-15.
The number N of the measuring points in the step 5) is 9.
The arrangement mode of the 9 measurement points in the step 5) is as follows:
the 1 st measurement is carried out at the 10cm position of the front section of the shunt point of the parallel pipeline;
the 2 nd measuring point is arranged at the position of 10cm on the pipeline behind the gathering point;
the 3 rd measuring point is arranged on the pipeline at the rear end of the second right-angle bent pipe and 10cm away from the right-angle bent pipe;
the 4 th measuring point is arranged at the position, 10cm away from the three-way valve, of the front-section pipeline of the three-way valve;
a 5 th measuring point is arranged on a pipeline of the three-way valve along the Z direction and is 10cm away from the three-way valve;
the vertical pipeline in the Z direction is connected with the pipeline along the X direction through a third right-angle elbow, and the 6 th measuring point and the 7 th measuring point are respectively arranged at the positions, which are 10cm away from the front and back third and fourth right-angle elbows, of two ends of the section of pipeline;
on the XY plane, on the pipeline of the three-way valve along the X direction, the 8 th measuring point is 10cm away from the three-way valve, and the 9 th measuring point is 10cm away from the tail end of the pipeline.
The invention has the following remarkable effects:
the pipeline test platform well simulates the working condition of the sodium-cooled fast reactor accident smoke exhaust system through equipment such as a fan, a steam generator, a buffer tank and an electric heater, is favorable for obtaining a relatively accurate and reasonable aerosol characteristic conclusion, and has the capability of measuring wind speed, temperature and aerosol simultaneously.
The selection of the measuring points is based on the flow characteristics of the aerosol, the aerosol concentration of each position is reasonably and accurately reflected, the sampling is reasonable, the aerosol deposition rates of different pipe section positions are obtained, and then the relation between the pipeline diameter and the aerosol deposition rate is obtained through data simulation analysis.
Drawings
FIG. 1a is a schematic view of a pipeline test platform and the position of a measuring point;
FIG. 1b is a schematic view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1 a;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a measurement point at a cross-sectional location of a pipeline;
in the figure: 1. a fan; 2. a filter; 3. an electric heater; 4. a buffer tank; 5. a three-way valve; 6. an aerosol measurement device; 7. an aerosol generator; 8. a steam generator.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, the pipeline test platform is characterized in that a filter 2 is installed on an inlet pipeline of a fan 1, an electric heater 3 and a buffer tank 4 are sequentially installed on an outlet pipeline of the fan 1, an upward right-angle bent pipeline is installed on an outlet pipeline of the buffer tank 4 on an XY plane, then two pipelines connected in parallel are connected in a straight line direction, then the right-angle bent pipeline is connected in a Y direction, a three-way valve 5 is installed on the bent pipeline, two pipelines connected on the three-way valve 5 are located on the XY plane, and the other pipeline is located in a Z direction. And the pipeline on the three-way valve 5 along the Z direction is continuously connected with the pipeline through a third elbow bend along the X direction, then is connected with the pipeline through a fourth elbow bend along the-Z direction, and the tail end of the pipeline is connected with the filter 2.
Connect aerosol generator 7 at another entry of buffer tank 4 for air and aerosol fuse, pass through pipe connection steam generator 8 on buffer tank 4, make steam admission buffer tank 4 and clean air and aerosol homogeneous mixing.
The concentration of the aerosol is measured by the aerosol measuring device 6. For example, an aerosol measuring device 6 is arranged on a pipeline between the outlet of the buffer tank 4 and the branch point of the parallel pipeline (namely two branch pipelines), and the concentration of the aerosol at the position of the measuring point of the pipeline is measured. Also aerosol concentrations at different locations can be measured at other locations of the outlet line.
The air can be filtered and cleaned by a filter and a fan, so that the mass concentration of the filtered air aerosol is lower than 0.05mg/m3。
An electric heater may be used to heat the air to 250 ℃ and maintain it at that temperature;
The buffer tank 4 can be used for uniformly mixing air and aerosol, and the concentration of the aerosol is controlled to be 1g/m3。
Step 4, leading out the mixed gas obtained in the step 3, and measuring parameters of different measuring points of the led-out mixed gas;
an outlet can be processed on the buffer tank 4, 9 measuring points are arranged on an outlet pipeline in the embodiment to measure the aerosol concentration, and the aerosol concentration is respectively marked as C1…C9. Of course, measurement points may be added to enhance the calculation accuracy. The preferable range of the number of the measuring points is 8-15.
The manner of distribution of the above-mentioned 9 measurement points is given in fig. 1.
Two shunt pipes (namely parallel pipelines) are arranged on the outlet pipeline after passing through the first right-angle elbow, the two pipelines are converged at a convergence point after passing through the shunt point, and the 1 st measurement is carried out at the 10cm position of the front section of the shunt point.
And a 2 nd measuring point is arranged on the pipeline behind the collecting point and 10cm away from the collecting point. And a second right-angle bent pipe is arranged on the pipeline behind the gathering point, the two sides of the right angle are divided into the directions along XY, a three-way valve 5 is arranged on the pipeline behind the second right-angle bent pipe, a vertical pipeline is arranged through the three-way valve 5, and the pipeline is arranged along the direction Z.
And in the XY plane, a 3 rd measuring point is arranged on the pipeline at the rear end of the second right-angle bent pipe and 10cm away from the right-angle bent pipe.
On the XY plane, a 4 th measuring point is arranged at a position 10cm away from the front-section pipeline of the three-way valve 5;
a 5 th measuring point is arranged on a pipeline of the three-way valve 5 along the Z direction and is 10cm away from the three-way valve;
the vertical pipeline in the Z direction is connected with the pipeline along the X direction through a right-angled bend, and the 6 th measuring point and the 7 th measuring point are respectively arranged at the positions, 10cm away from the front right-angled bend and the rear right-angled bend, of two ends of the pipeline.
On the XY plane, on the pipeline of the three-way valve 5 along the X direction, 10cm away from the three-way valve is the 8 th measuring point, and 10cm away from the end of the pipeline is the 9 th measuring point.
As shown in fig. 2, the position of each measurement point on the pipeline section is given, and the measurement point is located at the center of the management section circle.
Step 5, analyzing data to obtain the deposition rate of the aerosol in the pipeline, namely the deposition rate of the aerosol in the accident exhaust system under the accident working condition
Wherein, C0Is the initial mass concentration of aerosol injected into the test apparatus, CiIs the mass concentration of the aerosol measured at the ith station.
Wherein DFiRepresenting the rate of aerosol deposition in the section of the pipeline from the aerosol inlet to the measurement point;
the aerosol inlet refers to the starting point of the mixed gas outlet pipeline in the step 4.
Where j is 1,2 … 9, and j < i.
The 9 measuring points arranged in the method can obtain the influence of pipelines and structural parts among different positions on the deposition rate of the aerosol.
In order to further analyze and obtain the relationship between the aerosol deposition rate and the diameter of the pipeline, a plurality of pipelines can be led out in the step 4, the diameters of the pipelines are different, the aerosol deposition rate corresponding to each pipeline is measured and obtained on each pipeline by adopting the method in the steps 4-6, and the relationship between the diameter of the pipeline and the aerosol deposition rate can be analyzed and obtained.
The diameter of the pipeline is generally selected to be 100-200 mm during measurement.
Before step 4 is executed, steam, aerosol and heated air can be mixed together;
during operation, the steam generator is connected to the buffer tank through a pipeline, so that steam enters the buffer tank and is uniformly mixed with clean air and aerosol.
The subsequent measurement steps are consistent with the steps 4-6, the aerosol deposition rate under different steam portions can be measured, a more complex working condition with steam is simulated, and the aerosol deposition rate under the working condition is measured.
Claims (9)
1. A pipeline test platform which is characterized in that: the device comprises a fan (1), a filter (2) arranged on an inlet pipeline of the fan (1), an electric heater (3) and a buffer tank (4) which are sequentially arranged on an outlet pipeline of the fan (1), and a first right-angle bent pipe, a parallel pipeline, a second right-angle bent pipe and a three-way valve (5) which are sequentially arranged on an outlet pipeline of the buffer tank (4); the three-way valve (5) is characterized in that two pipelines connected by ports are located on an XY plane, the fan (1), the filter (2), the electric heater (3), the buffer box (4), the first right-angle elbow, the parallel pipeline and the second right-angle elbow are located on the XY plane, the pipeline connected by the rest port of the three-way valve (5) is along the Z direction perpendicular to the XY plane, the pipeline is continuously connected along the X direction through the third right-angle elbow, the pipeline is connected to the-Z direction through the fourth right-angle elbow, and the tail end of the pipeline is connected with the filter (2).
2. The pipeline testing platform of claim 1, wherein: the other inlet of the buffer tank (4) is connected with an aerosol generator (7).
3. A pipeline test platform as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the buffer tank (4) is connected with a steam generator (8) through a pipeline.
4. A pipeline test platform as claimed in claim 2, wherein: and an aerosol measuring device (6) is arranged on an outlet pipeline of the buffer tank (4).
5. The aerosol deposition rate measuring method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) connecting a filter (2) with a fan (1), sequentially installing an electric heater (3) and a buffer tank (4) on an outlet pipeline of the fan (1), sequentially installing a first right-angle elbow, a parallel pipeline, a second right-angle elbow and a three-way valve (5) on an outlet pipeline of the buffer tank (4), enabling the equipment to be connected through a pipeline and to be located in an XY plane, wherein two port connecting pipelines of the three-way valve (5) are located in the XY plane, arranging a pipeline connected with the other residual port of the three-way valve (5) along the Z direction on the XZ plane, and enabling the pipeline to be connected with the filter (2) through the third right-angle elbow and the fourth right-angle elbow;
2) filtering and cleaning the air to ensure that the mass concentration of the filtered air aerosol is lower than 0.05mg/m3;
3) An electric heater can be adopted to heat the air to 200-250 ℃, and the temperature is maintained;
4) a buffer tank (4) is adopted to uniformly mix air and aerosol;
5) the aerosol concentrations at different measuring points are measured at the outlet pipeline of the buffer tank (4) and are respectively recorded as C1…CNWherein N is the number of measurement points;
6) the deposition rate of the aerosol in the pipeline is obtained, namely the deposition rate of the aerosol in an accident exhaust system under the accident condition
Wherein, C0Initial mass concentration of aerosol, C) injected into the test apparatus in step 4)iThe mass concentration of the aerosol measured at the ith measuring point is measured; DF (Decode-feed)iThe deposition rate of the aerosol in the section of the pipeline from the aerosol inlet to the measuring point;
7) calculating DFi-DFjAnd obtaining the aerosol deposition rate of pipelines between different measurement points.
Where j is 1,2 … 9, and j < i.
6. An aerosol deposition rate measuring method according to claim 5, wherein: in the step 4), a steam generator is connected to the buffer tank (4), so that steam enters the buffer tank (4) and is uniformly mixed with clean air and aerosol.
7. An aerosol deposition rate measuring method according to claim 5, wherein: the number N of the measuring points in the step 5) is 8-15.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein: the number N of the measuring points in the step 5) is 9.
9. The method for measuring aerosol deposition rate according to claim 8, wherein the 9 measurement points in the step 5) are arranged in a manner that:
the 1 st measurement is carried out at the 10cm position of the front section of the shunt point of the parallel pipeline;
the 2 nd measuring point is arranged at the position of 10cm on the pipeline behind the gathering point;
the 3 rd measuring point is arranged on the pipeline at the rear end of the second right-angle bent pipe and 10cm away from the right-angle bent pipe;
the 4 th measuring point is arranged at the position, 10cm away from the three-way valve, of the front section pipeline of the three-way valve (5);
a 5 th measuring point is arranged on a pipeline of the three-way valve (5) along the Z direction and is 10cm away from the three-way valve;
the vertical pipeline in the Z direction is connected with the pipeline along the X direction through a third right-angle elbow, and the 6 th measuring point and the 7 th measuring point are respectively arranged at the positions, which are 10cm away from the front and back third and fourth right-angle elbows, of two ends of the section of pipeline;
on the XY plane, on the pipeline of the three-way valve (5) along the X direction, a position 10cm away from the three-way valve is an 8 th measuring point, and a position 10cm away from the tail end of the pipeline is a 9 th measuring point.
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