CN113652172B - Elastic abrasive and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Elastic abrasive and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113652172B
CN113652172B CN202111093397.XA CN202111093397A CN113652172B CN 113652172 B CN113652172 B CN 113652172B CN 202111093397 A CN202111093397 A CN 202111093397A CN 113652172 B CN113652172 B CN 113652172B
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thermoplastic elastomer
abrasive
hard abrasive
particles
elastic
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CN113652172A (en
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付慧坛
赵许豹
尚蒙娅
张茂亮
马红磊
邢士博
杨艳娟
彭进
郑红娟
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Henan University of Technology
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K3/00Materials not provided for elsewhere
    • C09K3/14Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
    • C09K3/1436Composite particles, e.g. coated particles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24CABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C11/00Selection of abrasive materials or additives for abrasive blasts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09GPOLISHING COMPOSITIONS; SKI WAXES
    • C09G1/00Polishing compositions
    • C09G1/02Polishing compositions containing abrasives or grinding agents

Abstract

The invention discloses an elastic abrasive and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the field of abrasives. The elastic abrasive material consists of thermoplastic elastomer particles and hard abrasive materials, wherein the hard abrasive materials are adhered to the surfaces of the thermoplastic elastomer particles and can be used for workpiece surface spraying processing treatment, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: drying thermoplastic elastomer particles for 5 hours, adding a hard abrasive into a boiling bed, heating to a temperature higher than the thermal deformation temperature of the thermoplastic elastomer particles by 10-30 ℃, adding the thermoplastic elastomer particles into the boiling bed from an inlet opposite to the inlet for adding the hard abrasive, mixing with the heated abrasive for 5-20min, cooling, collecting, and screening by using a screen with a mesh larger than that of the hard abrasive and smaller than that of the elastomer particles to obtain the elastic abrasive. The equipment for preparing the elastic grinding material is simple, the process is simple, and the obtained elastic grinding material has uniform particles and good polishing effect.

Description

Elastic abrasive and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of abrasives, in particular to an elastic abrasive and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The sand blasting and polishing technology utilizes the power action of compressed air, high-pressure water and the like, and adopts a method of spraying abrasive materials to carry out surface treatment on precision devices, sapphire, printed circuit boards, irregular 3D surfaces and the like, so that the effects of removing burrs and rough edges and obtaining lower surface roughness can be achieved. At present, the abrasives adopted by the sand blasting and polishing technology mainly comprise a hard abrasive and an elastic abrasive, and compared with the hard abrasive, the elastic abrasive has the characteristics of capability of absorbing impact kinetic energy, difficulty in crushing and long service life. And after the elastic grinding material is contacted with a workpiece, the elastic grinding material can not scratch the treated surface due to elastic deformation, so that an ideal surface processing effect can be obtained more easily.
The elastic abrasive is usually prepared by mixing or mechanically blending an elastomer material and a hard abrasive, and the hard abrasive is uniformly distributed in and on the surface of the obtained elastic abrasive. The hard abrasive in the abrasive cannot contact the surface of a workpiece to perform grinding and polishing in the surface processing process, so that material waste is caused. Secondly, the adhesive is atomized and sprayed on the surface of the rolling soft carrier, then the hard grinding materials are mixed with the elastomer material adhered with the adhesive, and the hard grinding materials are compacted on the surface of the elastomer material through centrifugal force or impact force, but the adhesive in the method can easily cause the adhesion between the elastomers. Thirdly, the abrasive is pressed to the surface of the elastomer through the self-adhesion of the elastomer material and the action of airflow propulsion and centrifugal force in a specific device, but the method needs to adopt the elastomer with the self-adhesion, and needs to use a specific device for generating the airflow propulsion and the centrifugal force, and the production steps are complicated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention relates to an elastic grinding material and also provides a preparation method of the elastic grinding material.
Based on the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an elastic abrasive material is composed of thermoplastic elastomer particles and hard abrasive materials, wherein the hard abrasive materials are adhered to the surfaces of the thermoplastic elastomer particles, and the thermoplastic elastomer is any one of polyurethane thermoplastic elastomers, polyester thermoplastic elastomers, polyolefin thermoplastic elastomers, polyamide thermoplastic elastomers, halogen-containing thermoplastic elastomers, ionic thermoplastic elastomers and thermoplastic vulcanized rubber.
Preferably, the polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer is any one of a styrene thermoplastic elastomer, an ethylene copolymer thermoplastic elastomer, a 1,2 polybutadiene thermoplastic elastomer, and a trans-polyisoprene thermoplastic elastomer.
Preferably, the hard abrasive is one or more of diamond, cubic boron nitride, boron carbide, silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, alumina, zirconia, ceria, glass beads.
Preferably, the hard abrasive is one or more of diamond, boron carbide and silicon carbide.
Preferably, the thermoplastic elastomer particles have a particle size of 0.5 to 5mm and the hard abrasive particles have a particle size of 0.1 to 50 μm.
The preparation method of the elastic abrasive comprises the following steps:
(1) Drying the thermoplastic elastomer particles;
(2) Adding hard abrasive into a boiling bed, so that the hard abrasive is in a boiling state under the action of high-speed airflow, and heating to ensure that the temperature of the hard abrasive is 10-30 ℃ higher than the thermal deformation temperature of thermoplastic elastomer particles;
(3) Adding thermoplastic elastomer particles into a boiling bed, fully mixing with a heated abrasive, adhering a hard abrasive on the surfaces of the thermoplastic elastomer particles in a molten state, cooling, collecting and screening to obtain the elastic abrasive.
Further, in the step (3), a sieve having a mesh larger than the hard abrasive and smaller than the elastomer particle size is used for sieving.
Further, in the step (3), the thermoplastic elastomer particles and the heated hard abrasive are mixed for 5-20min.
Further, in the step (2) and the step (3), the hard abrasive and the thermoplastic elastomer particles are respectively added through two opposite-direction feeding ports of the boiling bed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the invention, the elastic abrasive is prepared only by using the thermoplastic elastomer particles and the hard abrasive as raw materials, the hard abrasive is heated to a temperature higher than the thermal deformation temperature of the elastomer particles, after the elastomer particles and the hard abrasive are mixed, the surfaces of the elastomer particles are melted due to heating of contact parts to generate an adhesion effect, the hard abrasive can be fixed without using a binder, and the raw materials are simple in composition; thermoplastic elastomers are widely available because they do not need to have self-adhesive properties.
(2) The invention uses the boiling bed as the mixing and heating reaction equipment, has convenient operation and high preparation efficiency. The thermoplastic elastomer particles and the hard abrasive are added from two opposite directions of the boiling bed, so that the impact effect of the thermoplastic elastomer particles and the hard abrasive can be increased, and meanwhile, under the pressure generated by high-speed airflow, the thermoplastic elastomer particles are favorably bonded and fixed to the hard abrasive, the adhesive force of the hard abrasive is improved, and the service life of the elastic abrasive is prolonged.
(3) When the elastic abrasive is prepared, the hard abrasive without the bonding effect covers the surfaces of the thermoplastic elastic particles, so that on one hand, the hard abrasive on the surfaces prevents different elastomer particles from being bonded, the prepared elastic abrasive is uniform and consistent in size, the hard abrasive is adhered compactly, the polishing efficiency of the elastic abrasive is improved, the service life of the elastic abrasive is prolonged, on the other hand, the hard abrasive is not mixed in the thermoplastic elastomer particles, the elastic effect of the elastic abrasive is not influenced in the injection processing process while the use amount of the hard abrasive is saved and the utilization rate of the hard abrasive is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of a resilient abrasive of an example at 200 times magnification;
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of a resilient abrasive of the example at 3000 times magnification.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Example one
An elastic abrasive composed of a polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer (TPU) having a particle size of 1mm and a diamond hard abrasive having a size of 8 μm, and prepared by the following method:
(1) Placing the polyurethane particles in a vacuum drier for fully drying for 5 hours;
(2) Adding diamond into the fluidized bed from a feeding port at the lower part of the fluidized bed, so that the hard grinding material is in a boiling state under the action of high-speed airflow, and heating to ensure that the temperature of the hard grinding material is 15 ℃ higher than the thermal deformation temperature of polyurethane particles;
(3) Adding polyurethane elastic particles into a boiling bed from a feeding port at the upper part of the boiling bed through high-speed airflow, boiling and mixing the polyurethane elastic particles with heated diamond hard abrasive for 15min under the action of the high-speed airflow, then flowing out of a discharging port of the boiling bed and cooling, collecting thermoplastic elastomer particles with the surfaces uniformly bonded with the hard abrasive, and screening by using a screen with screen holes of 0.8mm to obtain the elastic abrasive.
Example two
An elastic abrasive material is prepared from a polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer (TPU) having a particle size of 1mm and a diamond hard abrasive having a particle size of 2 μm by the steps of:
(1) Placing the polyurethane particles in a vacuum drier for fully drying for 5 hours;
(2) Adding diamond into the fluidized bed from a feeding port at the lower part of the fluidized bed, so that the hard grinding material is in a boiling state under the action of high-speed airflow, and heating to ensure that the temperature of the hard grinding material is 15 ℃ higher than the thermal deformation temperature of polyurethane particles;
(3) Adding polyurethane elastic particles into a boiling bed from a feeding port at the upper part of the boiling bed through high-speed airflow, boiling and mixing the polyurethane elastic particles with heated diamond hard abrasive for 10min under the action of the high-speed airflow, then flowing out of a discharging port of the boiling bed and cooling, collecting thermoplastic elastomer particles with the surfaces uniformly bonded with the hard abrasive, and screening by using a screen with screen holes of 0.8mm to obtain the elastic abrasive.
EXAMPLE III
An elastic abrasive material is prepared from a polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer (TPU) with a particle size of 1mm and a diamond hard abrasive material with a particle size of 2 mu m by the following steps:
(1) Placing the polyurethane particles in a vacuum drier for fully drying for 5 hours;
(2) Adding diamond into the fluidized bed from a feeding port at the lower part of the fluidized bed, so that the hard abrasive is in a boiling state under the action of high-speed airflow, and heating to ensure that the temperature of the hard abrasive is 10 ℃ higher than the thermal deformation temperature of polyurethane particles;
(3) Adding polyurethane elastic particles into a boiling bed from a feeding port at the upper part of the boiling bed through high-speed airflow, boiling and mixing the polyurethane elastic particles with heated diamond hard abrasive for 10min under the action of the high-speed airflow, then flowing out of a discharging port of the boiling bed and cooling, collecting thermoplastic elastomer particles with the surfaces uniformly bonded with the hard abrasive, and screening by using a screen with screen holes of 0.8mm to obtain the elastic abrasive.
Example four
An elastic abrasive material is prepared from a polyester thermoplastic elastomer (TPEE) with a particle size of 0.5mm and a silicon carbide hard abrasive material with a particle size of 0.1 mu m by the following steps:
(1) Fully drying the polyester granules in a vacuum drier for 5 hours;
(2) Adding silicon carbide into the fluidized bed from a feed inlet at the lower part of the fluidized bed, so that the hard abrasive is in a boiling state under the action of high-speed airflow, and heating to ensure that the temperature of the hard abrasive is 10 ℃ higher than the thermal deformation temperature of the polyester particles;
(3) Adding polyester elastic particles into a boiling bed from a feeding port at the upper part of the boiling bed through high-speed airflow, boiling and mixing the polyester elastic particles with heated silicon carbide hard abrasive for 20min under the action of the high-speed airflow, then flowing out of a discharging port of the boiling bed and cooling, collecting thermoplastic elastomer particles with the surfaces uniformly bonded with the hard abrasive, and screening by using a screen with a screen hole of 0.4mm to obtain the elastic abrasive.
EXAMPLE five
An elastic abrasive material is prepared from a polyester thermoplastic elastomer (TPEE) with a particle size of 0.5mm and a silicon carbide hard abrasive material with a particle size of 1 mu m by the following steps:
(1) Fully drying the polyester granules in a vacuum drier for 5 hours;
(2) Adding silicon carbide into the fluidized bed from a feed inlet at the lower part of the fluidized bed, so that the hard abrasive is in a boiling state under the action of high-speed airflow, and heating to ensure that the temperature of the hard abrasive is 15 ℃ higher than the thermal deformation temperature of the polyester particles;
(3) Adding polyester elastic particles into a boiling bed from a feeding port at the upper part of the boiling bed through high-speed airflow, boiling and mixing the polyester elastic particles with heated silicon carbide hard abrasive for 15min under the action of the high-speed airflow, then flowing out of a discharging port of the boiling bed, cooling, collecting thermoplastic elastomer particles with the surfaces uniformly bonded with the hard abrasive, and screening by using a screen with screen holes of 0.4mm to obtain the elastic abrasive.
Example six
An elastic abrasive material is prepared from a polyester thermoplastic elastomer (TPEE) with the particle size of 5mm and a boron carbide hard abrasive material with the particle size of 50 mu m by the following steps:
(1) Fully drying the polyester granules in a vacuum drier for 5 hours;
(2) Adding boron carbide into the fluidized bed from a feed inlet at the lower part of the fluidized bed, so that the hard grinding material is in a boiling state under the action of high-speed airflow, and heating to ensure that the temperature of the hard grinding material is 30 ℃ higher than the thermal deformation temperature of polyester particles;
(3) Adding polyester elastic particles into a boiling bed from a feeding port at the upper part of the boiling bed through high-speed airflow, boiling and mixing the polyester elastic particles with heated boron carbide hard abrasive for 5min under the action of the high-speed airflow, then flowing out of a discharging port of the boiling bed and cooling, collecting thermoplastic elastomer particles with the surfaces uniformly bonded with the hard abrasive, and screening by using a sieve with 4mm of sieve pores to obtain the elastic abrasive.
The elastic abrasive products obtained in examples 1 to 3 and 6 were subjected to sand blasting and polishing on zirconia ceramics, the elastic abrasive products obtained in examples 4 to 5 were subjected to sand blasting and polishing on stainless steel, and roughness was measured on the polishing effect by a surface roughness meter before and after polishing, with the results shown in the following table:
Figure 877514DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
the roughness comparison shows that the surface roughness of the zirconium oxide ceramic and the stainless steel treated by the elastic abrasive prepared by the invention is obviously reduced. The comparison of examples 1 and 2, 4 and 5 shows that the smaller the particle size of the hard abrasive, the smaller the roughness of the surface of the material after the spray processing; comparison of examples 2 and 3 shows that, when the hard abrasive particles are the same size, the higher the temperature in the ebullated bed is than the heat distortion temperature of the thermoplastic elastomer, the smaller the surface roughness of the zirconia ceramic after processing.
SEM analysis of the elastic abrasive prepared in the first example shows that, when the magnification is 200 times, the particles of the elastic abrasive are uniform and no bonding occurs between the particles, which shows that when the elastic abrasive prepared by the method of the present invention is used, the thermoplastic elastic particles are wrapped after the hard abrasive is adhered to the surface, and the bonding and agglomeration between the particles are avoided. When the magnification is 3000 times, as shown in fig. 2, the surface of the elastic abrasive is densely covered by the hard abrasive, which indicates that the hard abrasive is attached to the surface of the thermoplastic elastic particles in a large amount, which is beneficial to obtaining higher processing efficiency and longer service life when the elastic abrasive is used for surface treatment.

Claims (4)

1. A method for preparing an elastic abrasive, characterized by comprising the steps of:
(1) Fully drying the thermoplastic elastomer particles; the thermoplastic elastomer is any one of polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer, polyester thermoplastic elastomer, polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer, polyamide thermoplastic elastomer, halogen-containing thermoplastic elastomer, ionic thermoplastic elastomer and thermoplastic vulcanized rubber;
(2) Adding hard abrasive into a boiling bed, so that the hard abrasive is in a boiling state under the action of high-speed airflow, and heating until the temperature of the hard abrasive is 10-30 ℃ higher than the thermal deformation temperature of thermoplastic elastomer particles;
(3) Adding thermoplastic elastomer particles into a boiling bed, fully mixing with heated hard abrasive, adhering the hard abrasive to the surfaces of the thermoplastic elastomer particles in a molten state, cooling, collecting and screening to obtain elastic abrasive;
the particle size of the thermoplastic elastomer particles is 0.5-5mm, and the particle size of the hard abrasive is 0.1-50 mu m.
2. A process for producing a resilient abrasive material according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the screening is carried out by using a screen having a mesh size larger than that of the hard abrasive material and smaller than that of the elastomer particle.
3. A method of making a resilient abrasive material according to claim 2, wherein in step (3), the thermoplastic elastomer particles are mixed with the heated hard abrasive material for a period of time in the range of 5 to 20 minutes.
4. A method of producing a resilient abrasive material as claimed in claim 3, wherein in steps (2) and (3), the hard abrasive material and the thermoplastic elastomer particles are separately fed through two oppositely directed feed ports of said bubbling bed.
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Application publication date: 20211116

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