CN113647323A - Adjustable efficient wet-steaming emasculation device and method for plants - Google Patents
Adjustable efficient wet-steaming emasculation device and method for plants Download PDFInfo
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- CN113647323A CN113647323A CN202111142403.6A CN202111142403A CN113647323A CN 113647323 A CN113647323 A CN 113647323A CN 202111142403 A CN202111142403 A CN 202111142403A CN 113647323 A CN113647323 A CN 113647323A
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- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 75
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 19
- 235000014347 soups Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 240000006162 Chenopodium quinoa Species 0.000 description 5
- 244000062793 Sorghum vulgare Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000019713 millet Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 4
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- 235000015493 Chenopodium quinoa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009402 cross-breeding Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010153 self-pollination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007103 stamina Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses an adjustable efficient wet-steaming and tasseling device for plants, which comprises a support, a main barrel, a hot air assembly, a humidifying assembly and a controller assembly, wherein the main barrel is vertically arranged on the support, the bottom of the main barrel is provided with an openable bottom door, the bottom door seals a wet-steaming chamber for placing plant flower ears in the main barrel, the hot air assembly provides heated air for the main barrel, and the humidifying assembly provides water vapor for the main barrel; the wet steaming chamber is internally provided with a temperature and humidity sensor which is electrically connected with the controller assembly, and the controller assembly controls the operation of the hot air assembly and the humidifying assembly. The adjustable efficient wet-steaming emasculation device and the wet-steaming emasculation method for the plants wrap the flower spikes of the small flower devices in the closed cavity by utilizing the damp and hot steam, have good emasculation effect, reduce the emasculation operation intensity, are convenient to operate and have high efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural breeding equipment, in particular to an adjustable efficient wet-steaming emasculation device and an adjustable efficient wet-steaming emasculation method for plants.
Background
Crossbreeding is one of the effective ways to artificially create excellent variety types. The purity of the hybrid is an important prerequisite for ensuring the full exertion of the heterosis, and the purity control of the hybrid involves the purity of the parent and strict control of various measures in the seed production process and the post-treatment.
The plants with large flower organs, such as corn, cotton and the like, can be directly subjected to artificial emasculation and artificial supplementary pollination, and the seed production purity is higher. Quinoa, millet, wheat, rice and the like belong to self-pollination crops with florets and same flowers, and compared with cross-pollination crops, the self-pollination crops are difficult to artificially castrate, and the heterosis is difficult to utilize to improve the yield. Chenopodium quinoa willd, also known as Chenopodium quinoa willd, has the reputation of "mother of food". Similarly, the structure of the flower organ is complex, small flowers are arranged on a long rachis with branches, stamens are composed of 2 parts of anthers and filaments, and the anthers are bright yellow, spherical and double-drug chamber when mature and live at the top of the filaments. Millet is also called millet and called the head of five cereals, and the millet is called after husking, so that the millet has rich nutritive value. The flower organ has a complex structure, small florets are composed of degenerated flowers and fructification flowers, pistils and stamens grow in the fructification flowers, each floret has about 200 pollen grains during flowering, and manual emasculation is extremely difficult. The common castration method at present comprises a water immersion artificial castration method, a warm soup castration method and a chemical castration method, wherein the warm soup castration method is based on the principle that the heat resistance of a female stamen to the temperature is different, the heat resistance of the stamen is poorer than that of the female stamen, and pollen grains absorb water and break and lose vigor when the stamen is at a certain water temperature and time, but the female stamen is not damaged at all, so that the castration purpose is achieved. The manual castration method is mostly a manual forceps clamping castration method, the success rate is low, the operation is unskilled, the stigma is damaged, the castration amount per hour is 15 to 20 flowers, the castration speed is extremely low, and the pollution rate is over 50 percent.
The small flower device has dense small ears, more and less flower grains, the manual castration method and the warm soup seed soaking method have high operation difficulty, the castration is easy to be incomplete, and the seed production purity is low. The chemical emasculation method is simple and convenient to operate and high in emasculation quality, but the condition of killing pistils is easy to occur due to improper selection of the emasculation agent, and meanwhile, the using time, the spraying dosage, the durability and the genotype need to be carefully explored, so that the emasculation cost is high. By adopting a warm soup castration method, after experimental improvement, the castration effect when the warm soup castration method is applied to quinoa at the temperature of 55 +/-5 ℃ is found to be remarkable. However, the key to ensure small temperature fluctuation during soaking seeds in warm soup is to be able to perform accurate emasculation, and hot water needs to be continuously supplemented, which consumes a lot of time and is very inconvenient for specific operation in the field.
Therefore, there is an urgent need for a dehydrant for florets which is easy and convenient to handle, low in cost, and convenient for practical production, and produces high-quality hybrids.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an adjustable efficient wet-steaming tasseling device for plants, which is used for wrapping the flower spikes of the small-flower-shaped plants in a surrounding manner in a closed cavity by using wet and hot steam, has a good tasseling effect, reduces the strength of tasseling operation, is convenient to operate and has high efficiency.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to an adjustable efficient wet-steaming and tasseling device for plants, which comprises a support, a main barrel, a hot air assembly, a humidifying assembly and a controller assembly, wherein the main barrel is vertically arranged on the support, the bottom of the main barrel is provided with an openable bottom door, the bottom door seals a wet-steaming chamber for placing plant flower ears in the main barrel, the hot air assembly provides heated air for the main barrel, and the humidifying assembly provides water vapor for the main barrel; the wet steaming chamber is internally provided with a temperature and humidity sensor which is electrically connected with the controller assembly, and the controller assembly controls the operation of the hot air assembly and the humidifying assembly.
Further, a machine shell cover is arranged on one side of the main cylinder body, and the machine shell cover is flush with the bottom surface of the main cylinder body; the hot air assembly comprises an air heater, the humidifying assembly comprises a humidifier, and the controller assembly comprises a temperature and humidity controller and a circuit board; the air heater, the humidifier, the temperature and humidity controller and the circuit board are all arranged in the machine shell cover; the air outlet of the air heater is communicated to the top of the wet steaming chamber through an air pipe, and the air outlet of the humidifier is communicated to an air outlet pipeline of the air heater.
The water pump is characterized by further comprising a trolley, and a storage battery, a water tank and a water pump which are arranged on the trolley, wherein a cable quick plug and a water pipe quick plug are arranged on the side wall of the machine shell cover, and the storage battery and the water pump are connected to the cable quick plug through cables; the water inlet of the water pump is communicated to the water tank through a pipeline, and the water outlet of the water pump is connected with the water pipe quick plug through a water pipe; the cable quick plug is internally connected to the circuit board, and the water pipe quick plug is internally connected to the humidifier.
Further, an inner cylinder wall is coaxially arranged in the main cylinder body, the inner cylinder wall divides the inner space of the main cylinder body into an outer interlayer and an inner wet steaming chamber, the top wall of the wet steaming chamber is communicated with the air pipe, a plurality of vent holes are formed in the periphery of the bottom of the inner cylinder wall, the interlayer is sealed by a bottom plate, and the interlayer is communicated with the air inlet of the air heater through a pipeline; the temperature and humidity sensor extends into the inner side of the inner cylinder wall.
Further, the bottom door comprises a sliding block and a sliding door plate, two parallel door tracks are arranged on the bottom plate of the main cylinder body downwards, the sliding block is connected to the door tracks in a guiding and sliding mode, the sliding door plate is connected to the two sides of the sliding door plate, the sliding door plate is arranged in a symmetrical split mode in the center, and the sliding door plate is provided with a avoidance notch for plant stalks in the center.
Furthermore, a limiting block is arranged on the side wall of the door track and limits the stroke position of the sliding block.
Furthermore, the sliding door panel is detachably connected with a check ring of a semicircular ring at the position of the avoidance notch, and a rubber sealing strip is bonded on the inner ring of the check ring; one the closed inboard edge of sliding door board is provided with the magnet piece, the magnet piece can the actuation another sliding door board.
The air conditioner further comprises a first electric air valve and a second electric air valve, wherein the first electric air valve is arranged on the interlayer return air to the air heater pipeline, the second electric air valve is arranged on a fresh air pipe, and one end of the fresh air pipe stretches out of the machine shell cover, and the other end of the fresh air pipe is communicated to a three-way pipe fitting at the inlet of the air heater.
The support is characterized by further comprising leg pillars, sleeves are arranged at four angular positions of the support, the sleeves are vertically arranged, threaded holes are formed in the walls of the sleeves in threaded connection with jack screw knobs, upper guide rods of the leg pillars penetrate through the sleeves, and the inner ends of the jack screw knobs can lock the leg pillars.
The invention also discloses a wet-steaming emasculation method, which comprises the steps of carrying out wet-steaming emasculation by using any one of the adjustable plant high-efficiency wet-steaming emasculation devices, placing plant flower spikes in the wet-steaming chamber, keeping the humidity in the chamber at 85% -95%, the temperature at 40-70 ℃ for 15-30 min, and then drying by natural wind.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
according to the adjustable efficient wet-steaming staminate removing device for the plants, through the arrangement of the wet-steaming chamber, plant flower spikes are placed for wet-steaming with high-humidity hot air, stamen anthers absorb water and break after contacting the humid hot air, the stamen anthers lose vigor at high temperature, the pistil vigor is not influenced in the temperature and humidity environment, and the stamen killing operation is completed. Through the setting of temperature and humidity sensor and controller subassembly, be convenient for monitor humidity in the wet steam room, closed loop automatic control, control accuracy is higher. The wet steaming mode is used, compared with the castration mode of warm soup, the temperature and humidity can be conveniently controlled, hot water does not need to be continuously supplemented, the controllability is good, and the automatic control is convenient. The adjustable efficient wet plant emasculation device disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the hot and humid steam is utilized to wrap the flower spikes of the small flower plants in the closed cavity, the emasculation effect is good, the emasculation operation intensity is reduced, the operation is convenient, and the efficiency is high.
In addition, carry battery, water tank and water pump through setting up split type dolly, be convenient for reduce the heavy burden of equipment erection part, through quick connector connected mode, can assemble rapidly and dismantle, adapt to open-air field operation. Through set up the intermediate layer in the main barrel, be convenient for form a heat preservation around the wet steaming chamber, reduce the influence of external cold air, simultaneously, collect the damp and hot air that top-down flows and flow back to the air heater air inlet through the intermediate layer, cyclic utilization is convenient for retrieve damp and hot air waste heat, has reduced the heat loss. Through the setting of observation window, be convenient for observe the indoor condition of wet steaming at the male in-process of killing. Through the setting of first air distribution plate and second air distribution plate, can make the cloth wind even, humidity mixing is more even, and male effect of killing is better. Through two sliding door boards that centrosymmetric split type set up, can enter into the wet steam room after the plant spica, close from both sides to the centre the end door guarantees the plant spica is in the position placed in the middle of the wet steam room, is favorable to the even wet steaming of plant spica castration. The limit block is arranged on the side wall of the door track, so that the stroke of the sliding block can be limited, and the sliding door plate is prevented from being directly separated when being returned. Through the retaining ring with the setting of rubber seal strip, the peripheral gap of plant stem stalk of different thicknesses can be airtight, after the plant stem stalk surpassed the scope, can dismantle the retaining ring of changing different specifications. Through the setting of magnet piece, when being convenient for close the sliding door board, guaranteed to close and target in place. Different fresh air sources can be selected through the arrangement of the first electric air valve and the second electric air valve, and when castration is carried out, the first electric air valve is opened, the second electric air valve is closed, and damp and hot air in the interlayer needs to be recovered; when the operation of weathering, first electronic blast gate is closed, and the electronic blast gate of second is opened, the bottom door is opened, and the humidifier is out of work, and the air heater no longer heats and just weathers the plant spica from hot-blast air around the blast air extraction. Move and tightly pushed up by the jackscrew knob through the adjustment from top to bottom of landing leg post cooperation sleeve, can adjust the operation height of wet steaming chamber, and then adapt to not plant of co-altitude and carry out castration operation. Through the setting of positioning hole, can play locking effect, arouse the condition that support upper portion component falls when avoiding jackscrew knob not hard up. Through the setting of anchor fork, be convenient for fix the landing leg post in optional position, support intensity is good, and is more firm.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated in the following description with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the adjustable plant high-efficiency wet-steaming emasculation device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of the main cylinder and the housing cover of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic left-side view of the bottom of the main cylinder according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic bottom projection view of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an air path connection of the adjustable plant high efficiency wet steam emasculation apparatus of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1. a support; 101. a sleeve; 2. a main cylinder; 201. an observation window; 202. a door track; 203. an inner cylinder wall; 204. a first air distribution plate; 205. a second air distribution plate; 3. a casing cover; 301. a cable quick connector; 302. a quick connector of a water pipe; 303. a touch screen panel; 304. a fresh air duct; 4. a slider; 401. a limiting block; 5. a sliding door panel; 501. a retainer ring; 502. a magnet block; 6. a storage battery; 7. a water tank; 8. a water pump; 9. a leg post; 901. positioning a pit; 902. an anchoring fork; 10. a jackscrew knob; 11. a trolley; 12. a wet steaming chamber; 13. an interlayer; 14. a hot air blower; 15. a transition chamber; 16. a humidifier; 17. an air duct; 18. a temperature and humidity sensor; 19. a first electric air valve; 20. and a second electric air valve.
Detailed Description
The core of the invention is to provide an adjustable efficient wet-steaming emasculation device and a wet-steaming emasculation method for plants, which wrap the flower spikes of the small flower devices in a closed cavity by utilizing wet and hot steam, have good emasculation effect, reduce the intensity of emasculation operation, are convenient to operate and have high efficiency.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Referring to the attached drawings, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an adjustable plant high-efficiency wet-steaming emasculation device of the invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of the main cylinder and the housing cover of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic left-side view of the bottom of the main cylinder according to the present invention; FIG. 4 is a schematic bottom projection view of FIG. 3; FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an air path connection of the adjustable plant high efficiency wet steam emasculation apparatus of the present invention.
In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 5, the adjustable plant high-efficiency wet staminate-removing device of the invention comprises a bracket 1, a main cylinder 2, a hot air assembly, a humidifying assembly and a controller assembly. The main cylinder 2 is vertically arranged on the bracket 1, the bottom of the main cylinder is provided with a bottom door which can be opened, and the bottom door seals an opening at the lower part of a wet steaming chamber 12 for placing plant flower spikes in the main cylinder 2. The hot air assembly provides heated air for the main cylinder 2, and the humidifying assembly provides water vapor for the main cylinder 2. A temperature and humidity sensor 18 is arranged in the wet steaming chamber 12, the temperature and humidity sensor 18 is electrically connected with the controller assembly, and the controller assembly controls the operation of the hot air assembly and the humidifying assembly according to the set parameter requirement.
Through the arrangement of the wet steaming chamber 12, plant ears are put into the wet steaming chamber to perform wet steaming by high-humidity hot air, stamen anthers absorb water and break after contacting the humid hot air, the activity is lost at high temperature, the activity of pistils is not influenced in the temperature and humidity environment, and the stamen killing operation is completed. Through the setting of temperature and humidity sensor 18 and controller subassembly, be convenient for monitor wet indoor 12 internal temperature and humidity, closed loop automatic control, control accuracy is higher. The wet steaming mode is used, compared with the castration mode of warm soup, the temperature and humidity can be conveniently controlled, hot water does not need to be continuously supplemented, the controllability is good, and the automatic control is convenient. The adjustable efficient wet plant emasculation device disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the hot and humid steam is utilized to wrap the flower spikes of the small flower plants in the closed cavity, the emasculation effect is good, the emasculation operation intensity is reduced, the operation is convenient, and the efficiency is high.
In an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a housing cover 3 is provided at one side of the main cylinder 2, and the housing cover 3 is flush with the bottom surface of the main cylinder 2. The hot air assembly comprises a hot air blower 14, the humidifying assembly comprises a humidifier 16, and the controller assembly comprises a temperature and humidity controller and a circuit board. The air heater 14, the humidifier 16, the temperature and humidity controller and the circuit board are all arranged in the housing cover 3. The air outlet of the air heater 14 is communicated with the top of the wet steaming chamber 12 through an air pipe 17, and the air outlet of the humidifier 16 is communicated with an air outlet pipeline of the air heater 14. The humidifier 16 is specifically an electrically heated steam humidifier.
It is obvious that the hot air assembly may also be provided with a separate air heater and blower instead of the hot air blower 14, and similar simple variants fall within the scope of the present invention.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the adjustable plant high-efficiency wet staminate-removing device further comprises a trolley 11, and a storage battery 6, a water tank 7 and a water pump 8 which are arranged on the trolley 11. The side wall of the machine shell cover 3 is provided with a cable quick plug 301 and a water pipe quick plug 302, and the touch screen panel 303 of the temperature and humidity controller is also arranged on the side wall of the machine shell cover 3. The storage battery 6 and the water pump 8 are connected to the cable quick plug 301 through cables; the water inlet of the water pump 8 is communicated to the water tank 7 through a pipeline, and the water outlet of the water pump 8 is connected with the water pipe quick plug 302 through a water pipe. A cable quick connector 301 is internally connected to the circuit board and a water tube quick connector 302 is internally connected to the humidifier 16.
Carry battery 6, water tank 7 and water pump 8 through setting up split type dolly 11, be convenient for reduce the heavy burden of equipment erection part, through quick connector connected mode, can assemble rapidly and dismantle, adapt to open-air field operation.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, an inner cylindrical wall 203 is coaxially provided inside the main cylindrical body 2, and the inner cylindrical wall 203 divides the internal space of the main cylindrical body 2 into an outer interlayer 13 and an inner wet steam chamber 12. The top wall of the wet steaming chamber 12 is communicated with an air pipe 17, a plurality of vent holes are arranged around the bottom of the inner cylinder wall 203, the interlayer 13 is sealed by a bottom plate, and the interlayer 13 is communicated with an air inlet of the air heater 14 through a pipeline; the temperature/humidity sensor 18 protrudes into the inner wall 203.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the outer wall and the inner wall 203 of the main cylinder 2 are provided with observation windows 201 made of a transparent material. The observation window 201 is vertically long and is arranged on the side wall of the main cylinder 2.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, an air distribution plate is horizontally disposed at the upper portion of the wet steaming chamber 12, the air distribution plate includes a first air distribution plate 204 and a second air distribution plate 205, and a plurality of vent holes are uniformly formed on the first air distribution plate 204 and the second air distribution plate 205. The transition chamber 15 is defined above the air distribution plate, and the damp and hot air introduced from the ventilation pipe 17 firstly enters the transition chamber 15 and then passes through the first air distribution plate 204 and the second air distribution plate 205 in sequence.
The interlayer 13 is arranged in the main cylinder body 2, so that a heat insulation layer is conveniently formed on the periphery of the wet steaming chamber 12, the influence of external cold air is reduced, meanwhile, the damp and hot air flowing from top to bottom is collected through the interlayer 13 and flows back to the air inlet of the air heater 14, the damp and hot air is recycled, the waste heat of the damp and hot air is conveniently recovered, and the heat loss is reduced. The observation window 201 is arranged to facilitate observation of the inside of the wet steaming chamber 12 during the stamina killing process. Through the setting of first air distribution plate 204 and second air distribution plate 205, can make the cloth wind even, humidity mixing is more even, and male effect is better killed.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the bottom door includes a slider 4 and a sliding door panel 5, two parallel door rails 202 are disposed on two downward sides of a bottom plate of the main cylinder 2, the slider 4 is slidably connected to the door rails 202 in a guiding manner, the slider 4 is connected to two sides of the sliding door panel 5, the two sliding door panels 5 are symmetrically arranged in a center-to-center manner, and an avoidance gap for plant stalks is disposed in the center of the two sliding door panels 5.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, a limit block 401 is disposed on a side wall of the door rail 202, and the limit block 401 limits a stroke position of the slider 4.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the sliding door panel 5 is connected to a semicircular retaining ring 501 at the escape notch position by bolts, and a rubber seal strip is bonded to an inner ring of the retaining ring 501. The rubber sealing strips can seal the peripheral gaps of the plant stems. The magnet block 502 is arranged on the closed inner side edge of one sliding door panel 5, and the magnet block 502 can attract the other sliding door panel 5.
Through two sliding door boards 5 that centrosymmetric split set up, can enter into wet steam room 12 after the plant spica, close from both sides to the centre the bottom door guarantees the plant spica is in wet steam room 12 position placed in the middle, is favorable to the even wet steaming of plant spica castration. By arranging the limiting block 401 on the side wall of the door rail 202, the stroke of the sliding block 4 can be limited, and the sliding door panel 5 is prevented from being directly separated when being returned. Through retaining ring 501 with the setting of rubber seal strip, the peripheral gap of plant stem stalk of different thicknesses can be airtight, after the plant stem stalk surpassed the scope, can dismantle the retaining ring 501 of changing different specifications. Through the setting of magnet piece 502, when being convenient for close sliding door panel 5, guaranteed to close and target in place.
In an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2 and 5, the adjustable plant high-efficiency wet-and-staminate-removing device further comprises a first electric air valve 19 and a second electric air valve 20, the first electric air valve 19 is disposed on the pipeline of the interlayer 13 returning air to the hot air blower 14, the second electric air valve 20 is disposed on the fresh air pipe 304, and one end of the fresh air pipe 304 extends out of the machine shell cover 3 and the other end is connected to the tee pipe fitting at the inlet of the hot air blower 14. The first and second electric dampers 19 and 20 are electrically connected to the circuit board.
Different fresh air sources can be selected through the arrangement of the first electric air valve 19 and the second electric air valve 20, and when castration is carried out, the first electric air valve 19 is opened, the second electric air valve 20 is closed, and hot and humid air in the interlayer 13 needs to be recovered; during the drying operation, the first electric air valve 19 is closed, the second electric air valve 20 is opened, the bottom door is opened, the humidifier 16 does not work, and the air heater 14 does not heat any more and only extracts self-heating air around the air blower to dry the flower spikes of the plants.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 1, the adjustable plant high-efficiency wet-steaming staminate-removing device further comprises a supporting leg column 9, four corners of the support 1 are provided with sleeves 101, the sleeves 101 are vertically arranged, the wall of each sleeve is provided with a threaded hole, the threaded hole is connected with a jackscrew knob 10 in a threaded manner, an upper guide rod of the supporting leg column 9 penetrates through the sleeve 101, and the inner end of the jackscrew knob 10 can lock the supporting leg column 9.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, a plurality of positioning holes 901 are provided in the side walls of the leg post 9, and the inner end of the jack knob 10 is screwed into and tightly pressed against the positioning holes 901. The bottom of the leg column 9 is provided with an anchoring fork 902, the bottom tip of the anchoring fork 902 is arranged and can be inserted into the soil.
The leg support 9 is matched with the sleeve 101 to be adjusted and moved up and down and is tightly propped by the jackscrew knob 10, so that the operation height of the wet steaming chamber 12 can be adjusted, and the castration operation can be performed by adapting to plants with different heights. Through the setting of locating hole 901, can play locking effect, arouse the condition that support 1 upper portion component falls when avoiding jackscrew knob 10 not hard up. Through the setting of anchor fork 902, be convenient for fix the leg post 9 in optional position, support intensity is good, and is more firm.
The adjustable plant high-efficiency wet-steaming emasculation device works as follows: the height of the supporting leg column 9 is adjusted, so that the plant spica enters the central position of the wet steaming chamber 12 from the bottom, the sliding door plates 5 on the two sides are closed, and the magnet blocks 502 are closed in place in an attracting mode. The cable and the water pipe on the trolley 11 are taken down and plugged into the cable quick plug 301 and the water pipe quick plug 302, and the touch screen panel 303 is operated to start the setting program. The hot air blower 14 and the humidifier 16 start to work, the hot air blower 14 blows hot air and carries water vapor to enter the transition chamber 15 at the upper part of the main cylinder body 2 through the air pipe 17, and the hot and humid air continuously passes through the first air distribution plate 204 and the second air distribution plate 205 and then enters the wet steaming chamber 12 to flow from top to bottom to pass over the plant ears, so that the stamens are subjected to wet steaming and are inactivated. In the lower part of the wet steaming chamber 12, the damp and hot air enters the interlayer 13 through the vent hole of the inner cylinder wall 203, and the damp and hot air in the interlayer 13 flows back to the air inlet of the hot air blower 14 through the first electric air valve 19. The circulation ensures that the temperature and the humidity in the wet steaming chamber 12 fluctuate within a set range. After the castration operation is finished, the drying operation is carried out, the first electric air valve 19 is closed, the second electric air valve 20 is opened, the bottom door is opened, the humidifier 16 does not work, and the hot air blower 14 does not heat any more and only blows air to extract self-heating air around to dry the flower spikes of the plants.
According to the adjustable efficient plant wet-steaming staminate removing device, the plant flower spikes are placed in the wet-steaming chamber 12 to be subjected to wet steaming by high-humidity hot air, stamen anthers absorb water and break after contacting the humid hot air, the stamen anthers lose vigor at high temperature, the pistil vigor is not influenced in the temperature and humidity environment, and the stamen killing operation is completed. Through the setting of temperature and humidity sensor 18 and controller subassembly, be convenient for monitor wet indoor 12 internal temperature and humidity, closed loop automatic control, control accuracy is higher. The wet steaming mode is used, compared with the castration mode of warm soup, the temperature and humidity can be conveniently controlled, hot water does not need to be continuously supplemented, the controllability is good, and the automatic control is convenient. The adjustable efficient wet plant emasculation device disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the hot and humid steam is utilized to wrap the flower spikes of the small flower plants in the closed cavity, the emasculation effect is good, the emasculation operation intensity is reduced, the operation is convenient, and the efficiency is high. Carry battery 6, water tank 7 and water pump 8 through setting up split type dolly 11, be convenient for reduce the heavy burden of equipment erection part, through quick connector connected mode, can assemble rapidly and dismantle, adapt to open-air field operation. The interlayer 13 is arranged in the main cylinder body 2, so that a heat insulation layer is conveniently formed on the periphery of the wet steaming chamber 12, the influence of external cold air is reduced, meanwhile, the damp and hot air flowing from top to bottom is collected through the interlayer 13 and flows back to the air inlet of the air heater 14, the damp and hot air is recycled, the waste heat of the damp and hot air is conveniently recovered, and the heat loss is reduced. The observation window 201 is arranged to facilitate observation of the inside of the wet steaming chamber 12 during the stamina killing process. Through the setting of first air distribution plate 204 and second air distribution plate 205, can make the cloth wind even, humidity mixing is more even, and male effect is better killed. Through two sliding door boards 5 that centrosymmetric split set up, can enter into wet steam room 12 after the plant spica, close from both sides to the centre the bottom door guarantees the plant spica is in wet steam room 12 position placed in the middle, is favorable to the even wet steaming of plant spica castration. By arranging the limiting block 401 on the side wall of the door rail 202, the stroke of the sliding block 4 can be limited, and the sliding door panel 5 is prevented from being directly separated when being returned. Through retaining ring 501 with the setting of rubber seal strip, the peripheral gap of plant stem stalk of different thicknesses can be airtight, after the plant stem stalk surpassed the scope, can dismantle the retaining ring 501 of changing different specifications. Through the setting of magnet piece 502, when being convenient for close sliding door panel 5, guaranteed to close and target in place. Different fresh air sources can be selected through the arrangement of the first electric air valve 19 and the second electric air valve 20, and when castration is carried out, the first electric air valve 19 is opened, the second electric air valve 20 is closed, and hot and humid air in the interlayer 13 needs to be recovered; during the drying operation, the first electric air valve 19 is closed, the second electric air valve 20 is opened, the bottom door is opened, the humidifier 16 does not work, and the air heater 14 does not heat any more and only extracts self-heating air around the air blower to dry the flower spikes of the plants. The leg support 9 is matched with the sleeve 101 to be adjusted and moved up and down and is tightly propped by the jackscrew knob 10, so that the operation height of the wet steaming chamber 12 can be adjusted, and the castration operation can be performed by adapting to plants with different heights. Through the setting of locating hole 901, can play locking effect, arouse the condition that support 1 upper portion component falls when avoiding jackscrew knob 10 not hard up. Through the setting of anchor fork 902, be convenient for fix the leg post 9 in optional position, support intensity is good, and is more firm.
The invention also discloses a wet-steaming emasculation method, which comprises the steps of carrying out wet-steaming emasculation by using the adjustable plant efficient wet-steaming emasculation device in any specific embodiment, placing plant spikes in the wet-steaming chamber, keeping the humidity in the chamber at 85-95%, the temperature at 40-70 ℃ for 15-30 min, emasculating, and blowing natural wind for drying.
A large number of experiments show that when the wet steaming castration method is used in the quinoa cross breeding process and the temperature is further controlled to be 50-55 ℃, the inactivation rate of stamens can reach more than 98 percent, and the castration effect is obvious and effective.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solution of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The adjustable efficient wet-steaming and tasseling device for the plants is characterized by comprising a support (1), a main cylinder (2), a hot air assembly, a humidifying assembly and a controller assembly, wherein the main cylinder (2) is vertically arranged on the support (1), the bottom of the main cylinder is provided with a bottom door which can be opened, the bottom door seals a wet steaming chamber (12) for placing plant flower ears in the main cylinder (2), the hot air assembly provides heated air for the main cylinder (2), and the humidifying assembly provides water vapor for the main cylinder (2); a temperature and humidity sensor (18) is arranged in the wet steaming chamber (12), the temperature and humidity sensor (18) is electrically connected with the controller assembly, and the controller assembly controls the operation of the hot air assembly and the humidifying assembly.
2. The adjustable plant high-efficiency wet-evaporation staminate-removal device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a machine shell cover (3) is arranged on one side of the main cylinder body (2), and the machine shell cover (3) is flush with the bottom surface of the main cylinder body (2); the hot air assembly comprises a hot air blower (14), the humidifying assembly comprises a humidifier (16), and the controller assembly comprises a temperature and humidity controller and a circuit board; the air heater (14), the humidifier (16), the temperature and humidity controller and the circuit board are all arranged in the machine shell cover (3); the air outlet of the hot air blower (14) is communicated with the top of the wet steaming chamber (12) through an air pipe (17), and the air outlet of the humidifier (16) is communicated with an air outlet pipeline of the hot air blower (14).
3. The adjustable plant high-efficiency wet-evaporation staminate-removal device as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the water-saving and energy-saving water-saving device is characterized by further comprising a trolley (11), and a storage battery (6), a water tank (7) and a water pump (8) which are arranged on the trolley (11), wherein a cable quick plug (301) and a water pipe quick plug (302) are arranged on the side wall of the machine shell cover (3), and the storage battery (6) and the water pump (8) are connected to the cable quick plug (301) through cables; the water inlet of the water pump (8) is communicated to the water tank (7) through a pipeline, and the water outlet of the water pump (8) is connected with the water pipe quick plug (302) through a water pipe; the cable quick connector (301) is internally connected to the circuit board, and the water pipe quick connector (302) is internally connected to the humidifier (16).
4. The adjustable plant high-efficiency wet-evaporation staminate-removal device as claimed in claim 2, wherein: an inner cylinder wall (203) is coaxially arranged in the main cylinder body (2), the inner space of the main cylinder body (2) is divided into an interlayer (13) at the outer side and the wet steaming chamber (12) at the inner side by the inner cylinder wall (203), the top wall of the wet steaming chamber (12) is communicated with the air pipe (17), a plurality of vent holes are formed in the periphery of the bottom of the inner cylinder wall (203), the interlayer (13) is sealed by a bottom plate, and the interlayer (13) is communicated with an air inlet of the air heater (14) through a pipeline; the temperature and humidity sensor (18) extends into the inner side of the inner cylinder wall (203).
5. The adjustable plant high-efficiency wet-evaporation staminate-removal device as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the bottom door comprises a sliding block (4) and a sliding door plate (5), two parallel door rails (202) are arranged downwards on the bottom plate of the main cylinder body (2), the sliding block (4) is connected to the door rails (202) in a guiding and sliding mode, the sliding door plate (5) is connected to the two sides of the sliding block (4) and the sliding door plate (5) in a symmetrical center mode and arranged in a split mode, and the center of the sliding door plate (5) is provided with an avoiding notch of a plant stem.
6. The adjustable plant high-efficiency wet-evaporation staminate-removal device as claimed in claim 5, wherein: a limit block (401) is arranged on the side wall of the door track (202), and the limit block (401) limits the stroke position of the sliding block (4).
7. The adjustable plant high-efficiency wet-evaporation staminate-removal device as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the sliding door panel (5) is detachably connected with a semicircular check ring (501) at the avoiding notch, and a rubber sealing strip is bonded on the inner ring of the check ring (501); one the closed inboard side of sliding door board (5) is provided with magnet piece (502), magnet piece (502) can the actuation another sliding door board (5).
8. The adjustable plant high-efficiency wet-evaporation staminate-removal device as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the air conditioner is characterized by further comprising a first electric air valve (19) and a second electric air valve (20), wherein the first electric air valve (19) is arranged on a pipeline of the hot air blower (14) through which the interlayer (13) returns air, the second electric air valve (20) is arranged on a fresh air pipe (304), one end of the fresh air pipe (304) stretches out of the machine shell cover (3), and the other end of the fresh air pipe is communicated to a three-way pipe at the inlet of the hot air blower (14).
9. The adjustable plant high-efficiency wet staminate-removing device for the plants as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the support is characterized by further comprising a supporting leg column (9), wherein sleeves (101) are arranged at four angular positions of the support (1), the sleeves (101) are vertically arranged, threaded holes are formed in the walls of the sleeves (101) in threaded connection with jack screw knobs (10), upper guide rods of the supporting leg column (9) penetrate through the sleeves (101), and the inner ends of the jack screw knobs (10) can lock the supporting leg column (9).
10. A wet-steaming emasculation method is characterized in that an adjustable plant high-efficiency wet-steaming emasculation device according to any one of claims 1-9 is used for wet-steaming emasculation, plant spikes are placed in a wet-steaming chamber, the humidity in the chamber is kept between 85% and 95%, the temperature is kept between 40 ℃ and 70 ℃, emasculation is carried out for 15min to 30min, and then natural wind is blown to dry the plant spikes.
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