CN113647256A - 一种金银花的扦插育苗方法 - Google Patents
一种金银花的扦插育苗方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及中药材繁殖育苗技术领域,具体涉及一种金银花的扦插育苗方法。该金银花的扦插育苗方法,包括以下步骤:S1挑选母枝:S2插条处理:将枝条截断成30cm左右的插条,保证每根插条上有3个以上节位,下切口削成平滑斜面;S3漂浮育苗准备:在可控温控湿的大棚内设置漂浮池,将配置好的育苗基质装填入漂浮育苗盘的育苗孔中;S4扦插:将插条插入生根液中浸泡1~3天后,再将插条下端扦插入育苗基质中;S5育苗管理;S6移栽:培育20~30天后金银花枝条生根成苗,50~60天后将幼苗出圃移栽。本发明针对现有技术的不足,提供一种金银花的扦插育苗方法,以解决现有金银花育苗方法中种苗成活率低的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药材繁殖育苗技术领域,具体涉及一种金银花的扦插育苗方法。
背景技术
金银花(Lonicera japonica Thunb)是忍冬科忍冬属植物,别名忍冬。其干燥花蕾或带初开的花,是我国传统重要大宗药材,具有清热解毒、疏散风热的功效,用于治疗痈肿疔疮、喉痹、丹毒、热毒血痢、风热感冒、温病发热等症。金银花在我国已有270多年的人工栽培历史,近年来随着市场需求量的增加,人工种植发展迅速,在山东、河南、河北、云南等地均有栽培。
但是现有金银花幼苗一般采用扦插方式和采种方式进行育苗,这两种育苗方式均没有对播种环境进行良好的消毒灭菌处理,在种子出苗和种苗发育的过程中,都容易受到细菌、病毒的侵害而影响到正常的生长,进而导致金银花的种子出苗率和种苗的成活率低,成活率仅为60%左右,因此很大程度上影响了经济效益,不利于规模化繁育种植。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术的不足,提供一种金银花的扦插育苗方法,以解决现有金银花育苗方法中种苗成活率低的问题。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:一种金银花的扦插育苗方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1)、挑选母枝:挑选的一年生或两年生的枝条、径粗0.5~0.7cm、长势健壮、无损伤、没有木质化的枝条;
S2)、插条处理:将枝条截断成30cm左右的插条,保证每根插条上有3个以上节位,插条切口要平滑,上切口为垂直平面切口,且在顶端节以上1cm左右,下切口靠近下端节的基部,削成平滑斜面;
S3)、漂浮育苗准备:在可控温控湿的大棚内设置漂浮池,并消毒;在漂浮池的下面铺一层以上塑料薄膜,放水深度15~20cm;将配置好的育苗基质装填入漂浮育苗盘的育苗孔中;
S4)、扦插:将插条下端部分插入配置的生根液中浸泡1-3天后,再进行扦插,以促进生根,将插条下端扦插入步骤S3中漂浮育苗盘的育苗孔的育苗基质中,每孔一枝,随即将漂浮育苗盘放入的漂浮池中培养;
S5)、育苗管理:保持大棚内温度为25~35℃,遮阴度为50~60%,漂浮池内按水量加入育苗营养液,液体的pH值控制在6.5~7之间;
S6)、移栽:培育20~30天后金银花枝条生根成苗,50~60天后将带幼苗的漂浮育苗盘取出,置室外炼苗15~20天,即可从育苗盘上取出根系完整且带有基质的幼苗,最后将幼苗出圃移栽。
所述生根液包括以下重量份的成分:萘乙酸0.08~0.2份、磷酸二氢钾0.001~0.003份、硫酸铜0.005~0.008份、芸苔素0.003~0.01份、硼酸0.03~0.07份、纯化水800~1000份,将上述成分充分混合均匀,得生根液。
所述育苗基质由以下质量份的原料配制而成:腐殖土20~40份,红砂5~10份,珍珠岩20~30份,稻壳谷壳7~12份,草木灰8~10份,过磷酸钙0.1~0.2份。
所述育苗营养液按质量百分比,包括以下组分:硝酸铵19.4%、微量元素2.1%、氯化钙6.4%、硫酸镁6.30%、硝酸钾3.3%、硼酸1.4%,其余为纯净水。
所述步骤S2中,插条处理时,在插条剪切后用55%多菌灵稀释1000倍液对切口处进行消毒处理。
较优的,所述步骤S4中,插条的2/3插入育苗基质中,其余暴露在外。
所述漂浮池的水中按水量加相当于水的质量1~5‰的育苗营养液。
较优的,所述步骤S6中,移栽前需先挖定植穴,行距保持1.2m,株距保持1.0m。
本发明解决了背景技术中存在的缺陷,具有以下有益效果:
本发明提供一种金银花的扦插育苗方法,提供一种金银花的扦插育苗方法,以解决现有金银花育苗方法中种苗成活率低的问题。具体有以下优点:
1.本发明对母枝进行了精心挑选,并将插条切口进行了消毒处理,能有效杀灭病菌,避免病菌侵害插条切口,将病菌带入到基料中。
2.将插条在扦插前在配置的生根液中浸泡,使预备生根部位得到充足的培养,然后在专门的育苗基质中进行扦插,可以提前生根,然后进行保湿和育苗管理,可以大大缩短育苗时间,提高成活率。
3.本发明配置的浸种液,含有萘乙酸、磷酸二氢钾、芸苔素和硼酸等多种物质,可以促进插条生根。本发明配置的育苗基质具有较好的结构稳定性、耐分解,并能有效兼顾营养元素的供给,因而使得育苗基质足够的通透性,使其不至于吸水过重,从而提高幼苗根系生长。配置的育苗营养液,以保证养分的供给,避免种苗的生长发育受到影响。
4.本发明通过扦插并结合漂浮育苗方法在漂浮池内育苗,可减少土传病害传染,水体温度恒定,保证生根湿度要求,提高成苗率,扦插成活率从现有64%提高到81%以上,幼苗根系发达、健壮,生长旺盛。
5.采用漂浮育苗盘,在苗木取出时根部带有基质,保护完整根系,避免划伤甚至挖断金银花幼苗的根系,从而影响金银花幼苗的生长,进一步提高移植成活率,效益大幅提高。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种金银花的扦插育苗方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1)、挑选母枝:挑选的一年生或两年生的枝条、径粗0.5~0.7cm、长势健壮、无损伤、没有木质化的枝条;
S2)、插条处理:将枝条截断成30cm左右的插条,保证每根插条上有3个以上节位,插条切口要平滑,上切口为垂直平面切口,且在顶端节以上1cm左右,下切口靠近下端节的基部,削成平滑斜面;插条处理时,在插条剪切后用55%多菌灵稀释1000倍液对切口处进行消毒处理。
S3)、漂浮育苗准备:在可控温控湿的大棚内设置漂浮池,漂浮池长8~15m,宽1~2m,深度40~60cm,并消毒。在漂浮池的下面铺一层以上塑料薄膜,放水深度15~20cm;将配置好的育苗基质装填入漂浮育苗盘的育苗孔中;育苗基质由以下质量份的原料配制而成:腐殖土30份,红砂8份,珍珠岩23份,稻壳谷壳9份,草木灰9份,过磷酸钙0.16份。
S4)、扦插:将插条下端部分插入配置的生根液中浸泡1-3天后,再进行扦插,以促进生根,将插条下端扦插入步骤S3中漂浮育苗盘的育苗孔的育苗基质中,每孔一枝,随即将漂浮育苗盘放入的漂浮池中培养。插条的2/3插入育苗基质中,其余暴露在外。生根液包括以下重量份的成分:萘乙酸0.1份、磷酸二氢钾0.002份、硫酸铜0.007份、芸苔素0.008份、硼酸0.05份、纯化水950份,将上述成分充分混合均匀,得生根液。
S5)、育苗管理:保持大棚内温度为25~35℃,遮阴度为50~60%,漂浮池内按水量加入育苗营养液,液体的pH值控制在6.5~7之间;育苗营养液按质量百分比,包括以下组分:硝酸铵19.4%、微量元素2.1%、氯化钙6.4%、硫酸镁6.30%、硝酸钾3.3%、硼酸1.4%,其余为纯净水。将上述成分充分混合均匀,得育苗营养液。按漂浮池的水量加相当于水的质量1~5‰的育苗营养液。
S6)、移栽:培育20~30天后金银花枝条生根成苗,50~60天后将带幼苗的漂浮育苗盘取出,置室外炼苗15~20天,即可从育苗盘上取出根系完整且带有基质的幼苗,将幼苗出圃移栽。移栽前需先挖定植穴,行距保持1.2m,株距保持1.0m。
本发明的实施过程是:本发明对母枝进行了精心挑选,并将插条切口进行了消毒处理,能有效杀灭病菌,避免病菌侵害插条切口,将病菌带入到基料中。将插条在扦插前在配置的生根液中浸泡,使预备生根部位得到充足的培养,然后在专门的育苗基质中进行扦插,可以提前生根,然后进行保湿和育苗管理,可以大大缩短育苗时间,提高成活率。本发明通过扦插并结合漂浮育苗方法在漂浮池内育苗,可减少土传病害传染,水体温度恒定,保证生根湿度要求,提高成苗率。本发明配置的育苗基质含有腐殖土、红砂和珍珠岩等成分,具有较好的结构稳定性、耐分解,并能有效兼顾营养元素的供给,并保证基料的湿度和基料对插条的固定作用,因而使得育苗基质足够的通透性,使其不至于吸水过重,从而提高幼苗根系生长,扦插成活率从现有64%提高到81%以上,幼苗根系发达、健壮,生长旺盛。同时采用适宜的专用育苗营养液,保证了苗期水分和养分的供给,使金银花漂浮育苗繁殖快、育苗周期短,进一步提高育苗成活率,使得种苗根系多而发达、幼叶大、幼苗素质好。采用漂浮育苗盘,在苗木取出时根部带有基质,保护完整根系,避免了传统方法直接扦插在土壤中的插条在移植金银花幼苗时,需要挖掘金银花幼苗,容易划伤甚至挖断金银花幼苗的根系,从而影响金银花幼苗的生长;同时插条挖出后脱离了原有的土壤,移植到其他地方后需要一定的恢复期,也会对金银花幼苗的生长带来不利影响的情况发生,大大提高移植成活率,效益提高;漂浮育苗盘单株单孔培养,不易传染病害;在可控温温室或大棚内可周年生产,周年供苗,周年移栽,无需受季节限制。
实施例2
一种金银花的扦插育苗方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1)、挑选母枝:挑选的一年生或两年生的枝条、径粗0.5~0.7cm、长势健壮、无损伤、没有木质化的枝条;
S2)、插条处理:将枝条截断成30cm左右的插条,保证每根插条上有3个以上节位,插条切口要平滑,上切口为垂直平面切口,且在顶端节以上1cm左右,下切口靠近下端节的基部,削成平滑斜面;插条处理时,在插条剪切后用55%多菌灵稀释1000倍液对切口处进行消毒处理。
S3)、漂浮育苗准备:在可控温控湿的大棚内设置漂浮池,漂浮池长8~15m,宽1~2m,深度40~60cm,并消毒。在漂浮池的下面铺一层以上塑料薄膜,放水深度15~20cm;将配置好的育苗基质装填入漂浮育苗盘的育苗孔中;育苗基质由以下质量份的原料配制而成:腐殖土20份,红砂5份,珍珠岩20份,稻壳谷壳7份,草木灰8份,过磷酸钙0.1份。
S4)、扦插:将插条下端部分插入配置的生根液中浸泡1-3天后,再进行扦插,以促进生根,将插条下端扦插入步骤S3中漂浮育苗盘的育苗孔的育苗基质中,每孔一枝,随即将漂浮育苗盘放入的漂浮池中培养。插条的2/3插入育苗基质中,其余暴露在外。生根液包括以下重量份的成分:萘乙酸0.08份、磷酸二氢钾0.001份、硫酸铜0.005份、芸苔素0.003份、硼酸0.03份、纯化水800份,将上述成分充分混合均匀,得生根液。
S5)、育苗管理:保持大棚内温度为25~35℃,遮阴度为50~60%,漂浮池内按水量加入育苗营养液,液体的pH值控制在6.5~7之间;育苗营养液按质量百分比,包括以下组分:硝酸铵19.4%、微量元素2.1%、氯化钙6.4%、硫酸镁6.30%、硝酸钾3.3%、硼酸1.4%,其余为纯净水,将上述成分充分混合均匀,得育苗营养液。按漂浮池的水量加相当于水的质量1~5‰的育苗营养液。
S6)、移栽:培育20~30天后金银花枝条生根成苗,50~60天后将带幼苗的漂浮育苗盘取出,置室外炼苗15~20天,即可从育苗盘上取出根系完整且带有基质的幼苗,将幼苗出圃移栽。移栽前需先挖定植穴,行距保持1.2m,株距保持1.0m。
实施例3
一种金银花的扦插育苗方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1)、挑选母枝:挑选的一年生或两年生的枝条、径粗0.5~0.7cm、长势健壮、无损伤、没有木质化的枝条;
S2)、插条处理:将枝条截断成30cm左右的插条,保证每根插条上有3个以上节位,插条切口要平滑,上切口为垂直平面切口,且在顶端节以上1cm左右,下切口靠近下端节的基部,削成平滑斜面;插条处理时,在插条剪切后用55%多菌灵稀释1000倍液对切口处进行消毒处理。
S3)、漂浮育苗准备:在可控温控湿的大棚内设置漂浮池,漂浮池长8~15m,宽1~2m,深度40~60cm,并消毒。在漂浮池的下面铺一层以上塑料薄膜,放水深度15~20cm;将配置好的育苗基质装填入漂浮育苗盘的育苗孔中;育苗基质由以下质量份的原料配制而成:腐殖土40份,红砂10份,珍珠岩30份,稻壳谷壳12份,草木灰10份,过磷酸钙0.2份。
S4)、扦插:将插条下端部分插入配置的生根液中浸泡1-3天后,再进行扦插,以促进生根,将插条下端扦插入步骤S3中漂浮育苗盘的育苗孔的育苗基质中,每孔一枝,随即将漂浮育苗盘放入的漂浮池中培养。插条的2/3插入育苗基质中,其余暴露在外。生根液包括以下重量份的成分:萘乙酸0.2份、磷酸二氢钾0.003份、硫酸铜0.008份、芸苔素0.01份、硼酸0.07份、纯化水1000份,将上述成分充分混合均匀,得生根液。
S5)、育苗管理:保持大棚内温度为25~35℃,遮阴度为50~60%,漂浮池内按水量加入育苗营养液,液体的pH值控制在6.5~7之间;育苗营养液按质量百分比,包括以下组分:硝酸铵19.4%、微量元素2.1%、氯化钙6.4%、硫酸镁6.30%、硝酸钾3.3%、硼酸1.4%,其余为纯净水,将上述成分充分混合均匀,得育苗营养液。按漂浮池的水量加相当于水的质量1~5‰的育苗营养液。
S6)、移栽:培育20~30天后金银花枝条生根成苗,50~60天后将带幼苗的漂浮育苗盘取出,置室外炼苗15~20天,即可从育苗盘上取出根系完整且带有基质的幼苗,将幼苗出圃移栽。移栽前需先挖定植穴,行距保持1.2m,株距保持1.0m。
对比试验例:
选取600株母枝,插条处理后,平均分成三组,分别采用实施例1,2,3相同的扦插方法,处理完成后统计发芽率及观察幼苗长势。
对照例1:选取200株母枝,插条处理后,采用传统的田沟苗床扦插,即把插条斜立着放到田沟里,填土压实。栽后喷一遍水,以后干旱时,每隔2天浇水1遍,半月左右即能生根,60天后移栽,完成后统计发芽率及观察幼苗长势。
对照例2:选取200株母枝,插条处理后,漂浮育苗盘的育苗基质仅采用普通的泥炭土,其余与实施例1相同。
对照例3:选取200株母枝,在育苗管理步骤中,漂浮池内按水量加入的是普通水溶性复合肥,其余与实施例1相同。
表1金银花成活率及幼苗长势
由表1可知,经过本发明处理后的金银花扦插成活率和移栽成活率相比于对照例1、2、3大幅提高了,且育苗效果好,所得幼苗更加健壮、叶色浓绿、叶片多且大,成活率更高,普通方式扦插的金银花插条成活率一般在64.5%,采用本发明扦插的金银花插条的成活率能达到81~86%,这说明通过应用本发明技术中的扦插漂浮育苗法将获得更好的效果。同时,对照例2效果不如实施例1,也可看出,本发明配置的育苗基质,使预备生根部位得到充足的培养,促进生根和成长。对照例3效果不如实施例1,说明普通复合肥养分含量有限,养分供给不足,则会影响到种苗的正常发育,出现种苗不健壮或微黄的现象,配置的育苗营养液,以保证养分的供给,避免种苗的生长发育受到影响。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种金银花的扦插育苗方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1)、挑选母枝:挑选的一年生或两年生的枝条、径粗0.5~0.7cm、长势健壮、无损伤、没有木质化的枝条;
S2)、插条处理:将枝条截断成30cm左右的插条,保证每根插条上有3个以上节位,插条切口要平滑,上切口为垂直平面切口,且在顶端节以上1cm左右,下切口靠近下端节的基部,削成平滑斜面;
S3)、漂浮育苗准备:在可控温控湿的大棚内设置漂浮池,并消毒;在漂浮池的下面铺一层以上塑料薄膜,放水深度15~20cm;将配置好的育苗基质装填入漂浮育苗盘的育苗孔中;
S4)、扦插:将插条下端部分插入配置的生根液中浸泡1-3天后,再进行扦插,以促进生根,将插条下端扦插入步骤S3中漂浮育苗盘的育苗孔的育苗基质中,每孔一枝,随即将漂浮育苗盘放入的漂浮池中培养;
S5)、育苗管理:保持大棚内温度为25~35℃,遮阴度为50~60%,漂浮池内按水量加入育苗营养液,液体的pH值控制在6.5~7之间;
S6)、移栽:培育20~30天后金银花枝条生根成苗,50~60天后将带幼苗的漂浮育苗盘取出,置室外炼苗15~20天,即可从育苗盘上取出根系完整且带有基质的幼苗,最后将幼苗出圃移栽。
2.根据权利要求1所述的金银花的扦插育苗方法,其特征在于:所述生根液包括以下重量份的成分:萘乙酸0.08~0.2份、磷酸二氢钾0.001~0.003份、硫酸铜0.005~0.008份、芸苔素0.003~0.01份、硼酸0.03~0.07份、纯化水800~1000份,将上述成分充分混合均匀,得生根液。
3.根据权利要求1所述的金银花的扦插育苗方法,其特征在于:所述育苗基质由以下质量份的原料配制而成:腐殖土20~40份,红砂5~10份,珍珠岩20~30份,稻壳谷壳7~12份,草木灰8~10份,过磷酸钙0.1~0.2份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的金银花的扦插育苗方法,其特征在于:所述育苗营养液按质量百分比,包括以下组分:硝酸铵19.4%、微量元素2.1%、氯化钙6.4%、硫酸镁6.30%、硝酸钾3.3%、硼酸1.4%,其余为纯净水。
5.根据权利要求1所述的金银花的扦插育苗方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S2中,插条处理时,在插条剪切后用55%多菌灵稀释1000倍液对切口处进行消毒处理。
6.根据权利要求1所述的金银花的扦插育苗方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S4中,插条的2/3插入育苗基质中,其余暴露在外。
7.根据权利要求1所述的金银花的扦插育苗方法,其特征在于:所述漂浮池的水中按水量加相当于水的质量1~5‰的育苗营养液。
8.根据权利要求1所述的金银花的扦插育苗方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S6中,移栽前需先挖定植穴,行距保持1.2m,株距保持1.0m。
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