CN113644749B - Heat-hydrogen double-SOC hydrogen energy storage system and optimization method - Google Patents
Heat-hydrogen double-SOC hydrogen energy storage system and optimization method Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 250
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 80
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
- H02J15/008—Systems for storing electric energy using hydrogen as energy vector
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- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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Abstract
The invention provides a heat-hydrogen double-SOC hydrogen energy storage system and an optimization method, wherein the system comprises the following components: an electric energy input path, an electric energy output path, a hydrogen storage tank, an electrolytic tank and a fuel cell; the electric energy input passage is connected with the input end of the electrolytic tank; the output end of the electrolytic tank is connected with the input end of the hydrogen storage tank; the output end of the hydrogen storage tank is connected with the input end of the fuel cell; the output end of the fuel cell is connected with the electric energy output channel; the electrolytic tank converts the electric energy conveyed by the electric energy input passage into hydrogen energy and stores the hydrogen energy in the hydrogen storage tank; the fuel cell converts the hydrogen energy stored in the hydrogen storage tank into electric energy and supplies power to an electric load through the electric energy output passage. The invention realizes the conversion of energy among electric energy, heat energy and hydrogen energy by configuring the electrolytic tank and the fuel cell, and ensures the running stability and reliability of the hybrid system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy, in particular to a thermal-hydrogen double-SOC hydrogen energy storage system and an optimization method.
Background
Along with the change of the energy structure, a novel power system mainly taking new energy becomes an important direction for the transformation development of the future energy system. In recent years, in new energy resource enrichment areas, new energy sources such as wind, light and the like have become local main power sources. The stability and safety problems which follow become the bottleneck for restricting the further development of the high-proportion new energy power grid.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a heat-hydrogen double-SOC hydrogen energy storage system, which is used for solving the defect that the stability and safety problems in the prior art become the bottleneck for restricting the further development of a high-proportion new energy power grid, and by utilizing hydrogen energy storage as a completely clean energy storage mode, the heat-hydrogen double-SOC hydrogen energy storage system has the advantages of high response speed, large energy storage capacity and energy storage across seasons, can adapt to the advantages of drought and cold weather and large temperature difference between day and night running environments, and is configured with an electrolytic tank and a fuel cell to realize the conversion of energy among electric energy, heat energy and hydrogen energy, so that the running stability and reliability of a hybrid system are ensured.
The invention also provides an optimization method of the heat-hydrogen double-SOC hydrogen energy storage system, which is used for solving the defects that a hybrid system formed by a wind power plant and energy storage in the prior art is high in operation cost and low in operation efficiency of a high-proportion wind power system, and reducing the operation cost of a conventional unit, improving grid-connected power of the wind power plant and optimizing the operation efficiency of the energy storage system by optimizing the configuration of the hydrogen energy storage system.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a thermal-hydrogen dual SOC hydrogen energy storage system comprising: an electric energy input path, an electric energy output path, a hydrogen storage tank, an electrolytic tank and a fuel cell;
the electric energy input passage is connected with the input end of the electrolytic tank;
the output end of the electrolytic tank is connected with the input end of the hydrogen storage tank;
the output end of the hydrogen storage tank is connected with the input end of the fuel cell;
the output end of the fuel cell is connected with the electric energy output channel;
the electrolytic tank converts the electric energy conveyed by the electric energy input passage into hydrogen energy and stores the hydrogen energy in the hydrogen storage tank;
the fuel cell converts the hydrogen energy stored in the hydrogen storage tank into electric energy and supplies power to an electric load through the electric energy output passage.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, further comprising: and the heat energy circulation loop is respectively connected with the electrolytic tank and the fuel cell and is used for realizing circulation transfer of heat energy between the electrolytic tank and the fuel cell.
Specifically, the embodiment provides an implementation mode of a heat energy circulation loop, which realizes the cyclic utilization of heat energy by arranging the heat energy circulation loop, improves the operation efficiency and reliability of the hydrogen energy storage system, and maintains the stability of the system temperature.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, further comprising: and the water supply passage is respectively connected with the input end of the electrolytic tank and the output end of the fuel cell and is used for conveying water formed by the fuel cell to the electrolytic tank.
Specifically, the embodiment provides an implementation mode of a water supply passage, and the water supply passage is arranged to guide water generated at the fuel cell to the electrolytic tank and supply the water to the electrolytic tank, so that the electrolytic tank can decompose the water by utilizing electric energy, and hydrogen is generated to finally convert the electric energy into hydrogen energy for storage.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the water supply passage is coupled to the thermal energy circulation circuit for preheating water in the water supply passage by thermal energy in the thermal energy circulation circuit.
Specifically, the embodiment provides an implementation mode of coupling a water supply passage and a heat energy circulation loop, and the water supply passage and the heat energy circulation loop are coupled, so that water flowing from a fuel cell to an electrolytic tank is preheated, and the working efficiency is improved.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, further comprising: a heat exchanger and a heat storage tank;
the heat exchanger is coupled with the thermal energy circulation loop;
the heat storage tank is connected with the heat exchanger and is used for storing heat energy in the heat energy circulation loop through the heat exchanger.
Specifically, the embodiment provides an implementation mode of a heat exchanger and a heat storage tank, and by arranging the heat exchanger and the heat storage tank, the heat energy in a heat energy circulation loop is stored, the heat energy in the heat energy circulation loop is regulated, and the stability of the temperature of a system is maintained.
In a possible embodiment, the heat storage tank also supplies heat to the thermal load.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, an optimization method of the above-mentioned thermal-hydrogen dual SOC hydrogen energy storage system includes:
acquiring actual output power and output power influence factors of an electric energy input channel, constructing an output power simplified model of the electric energy input channel, and obtaining the installed power of the electric energy input channel through the output power simplified model;
obtaining a predicted output power influence factor of an electric energy input channel, constructing a predicted power model of the electric energy input channel according to the installed power of the electric energy input channel, and obtaining the predicted power of the electric energy input channel through the predicted power model;
acquiring an availability coefficient of an electric energy input channel, constructing a schedulable power model of the electric energy input channel according to the predicted power of the electric energy input channel, and obtaining the schedulable power of the electric energy input channel through the schedulable power model;
obtaining total deviation power of the electric energy input path in set time according to the actual output power of the electric energy input path and the schedulable power of the electric energy input path;
acquiring output power of a power grid thermal power generating unit, an operation cost coefficient, an online electricity price, a penalty coefficient, a power grid bus mark and a power grid bus data set of the power grid thermal power generating unit, and constructing an operation cost function of the heat-hydrogen double-SOC hydrogen energy storage system according to installed power and total deviation power of an electric energy input path;
and adding constraint conditions to the operation cost function, and calculating the operation cost function according to the constraint conditions to obtain the corresponding minimum operation cost.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of adding a constraint condition to the running cost function specifically includes:
the method comprises the steps of obtaining power generated by an electrolytic cell at the moment t, hydrogen production rate, high heat value of hydrogen and electrolytic cell efficiency, constructing an electrolytic cell model, and obtaining power consumed by the electrolytic cell through the electrolytic cell model;
acquiring thermal power generated by a fuel cell at the time t, the hydrogen consumption rate of the fuel cell and the fuel cell efficiency, constructing a fuel cell model, and obtaining the electric power generated by the fuel cell through the fuel cell model;
acquiring total hydrogen energy state quantity in a hydrogen storage tank at the time t-1, maximum hydrogen energy and time gap of the hydrogen storage tank, constructing a first hydrogen balance SOC model according to power consumed by the electrolytic tank, the electrolytic tank efficiency, electric power generated by the fuel cell and the fuel cell efficiency, and calculating the total hydrogen energy state quantity in the hydrogen storage tank at the time t through the first hydrogen balance SOC model;
and constructing a heat-hydrogen balance double SOC constraint according to the total hydrogen energy state quantity in the hydrogen storage tank at the time t.
In particular, the present embodiment provides an implementation of adding constraints to the running cost function.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of adding a constraint condition to the running cost function specifically includes:
the method comprises the steps of obtaining power consumed by an electrolytic cell at time t, hydrogen production rate, high heat value of hydrogen and electrolytic cell efficiency, constructing an electrolytic cell model, and obtaining power produced by the electrolytic cell through the electrolytic cell model;
acquiring electric power generated by a fuel cell at the time t, the hydrogen consumption rate of the fuel cell and the fuel cell efficiency, constructing a fuel cell model, and obtaining the heat power generated by the fuel cell through the fuel cell model;
acquiring total thermal energy state quantity in a hydrogen storage tank at the time t-1, maximum heat storage energy and time gap of the hydrogen storage tank, constructing a second hydrogen balance SOC model according to power generated by the electrolytic tank, electric power generated by the fuel cell, heat energy generated by the electrolytic tank, heat energy generated by the fuel cell, heat energy consumed by a heat-hydrogen double-SOC hydrogen energy storage system and heat exchanger efficiency, and calculating total thermal energy state quantity in the hydrogen storage tank at the time t through the second hydrogen balance SOC model;
and constructing a heat-hydrogen balance double SOC constraint according to the total heat energy state quantity in the hydrogen storage tank at the time t.
In particular, the present embodiment provides another implementation of adding constraints to the running cost function.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of adding a constraint condition to the running cost function specifically includes:
and obtaining heat energy generated by the electrolytic tank, heat energy generated by the fuel cell, heat energy consumed by the heat-hydrogen double-SOC hydrogen energy storage system, heat energy provided for a heating load, heat energy stored in the heat storage tank and heat exchanger efficiency, constructing a waste heat recovery operation model, and constructing a heat-hydrogen balance double-SOC constraint through the waste heat recovery operation model.
In particular, the present embodiment provides yet another implementation of adding constraints to the running cost function.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of adding a constraint condition to the running cost function specifically includes:
and acquiring the active power of the power grid line, the reactive power of the power grid line, the square of the bus voltage, the phase angle of the bus voltage, the active power flow error and the reactive power flow error, and constructing the power grid operation constraint.
In particular, the present embodiment provides yet another implementation of adding constraints to the running cost function.
The above technical solutions in the present invention have at least one of the following technical effects: according to the heat-hydrogen double-SOC hydrogen energy storage system and the optimization method, hydrogen energy storage is used as a completely clean energy storage mode, so that the heat-hydrogen double-SOC hydrogen energy storage system has the advantages of high response speed, large energy storage capacity and cross-season energy storage, can adapt to the drought and cold climates and large temperature difference between day and night running environments, is configured with an electrolytic tank and a fuel cell to realize conversion of energy among electric energy, heat energy and hydrogen energy, and ensures the running stability and reliability of a hybrid system.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the layout of a thermal-hydrogen dual SOC hydrogen storage system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the method for optimizing the heat-hydrogen dual SOC hydrogen energy storage system.
Reference numerals:
10. an electrical energy input path; 20. an electrical energy output path; 30. a hydrogen storage tank;
40. an electrolytic cell; 50. A fuel cell; 60. A thermal energy circulation loop;
70. a water supply passage; 80. A heat exchanger; 90. A heat storage tank;
100. a heat exchanger.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the present solution provides a thermal-hydrogen dual SOC hydrogen energy storage system comprising: an electric power input path 10, an electric power output path 20, a hydrogen storage tank 30, an electrolytic tank 40, and a fuel cell 50; the electric energy input channel 10 is connected with the input end of the electrolytic bath 40; the output end of the electrolytic tank 40 is connected with the input end of the hydrogen storage tank 30; the output end of the hydrogen storage tank 30 is connected with the input end of the fuel cell 50; the output terminal of the fuel cell 50 is connected to the electric power output path 20; wherein the electrolytic cell 40 converts the electric energy supplied from the electric energy input path 10 into hydrogen energy and stores the hydrogen energy in the hydrogen storage tank 30; the fuel cell 50 converts the hydrogen energy stored in the hydrogen storage tank 30 into electric energy and supplies power to the electric load through the electric energy output path 20.
In detail, the present invention provides a heat-hydrogen dual SOC hydrogen energy storage system, which is used to solve the defect that the stability and safety problems in the prior art have become the bottleneck for restricting the further development of the high-proportion new energy power grid, and by using hydrogen energy storage as a completely clean energy storage mode, the heat-hydrogen dual SOC hydrogen energy storage system has the advantages of fast response speed, large energy storage capacity and cross-season energy storage, and is also suitable for the operating environment with drought and cold climate and large day-night temperature difference, and the electrolytic tank 40 and the fuel cell 50 are configured to realize the conversion of energy among electric energy, heat energy and hydrogen energy, so that the stability and reliability of the operation of the hybrid system are ensured.
In a possible embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes: a thermal energy circulation loop 60, the thermal energy circulation loop 60 being connected to the electrolytic tank 40 and the fuel cell 50, respectively, for effecting a circulation transfer of thermal energy between the electrolytic tank 40 and the fuel cell 50.
Specifically, the embodiment provides an implementation of the thermal energy circulation loop 60, and by setting the thermal energy circulation loop 60, the cyclic utilization of thermal energy is realized, the operation efficiency and reliability of the hydrogen energy storage system are improved, and the stability of the system temperature is maintained.
In a possible embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes: a water supply passage 70, the water supply passage 70 being connected to an input end of the electrolytic bath 40 and an output end of the fuel cell 50, respectively, for supplying water formed by the fuel cell 50 to the electrolytic bath 40.
Specifically, the embodiment provides an embodiment of the water supply passage 70, and the water supply passage 70 is configured to guide water generated at the fuel cell 50 to the electrolytic cell 40, and supply the water to the electrolytic cell 40, so that the electrolytic cell 40 uses electric energy to decompose the water, and hydrogen is generated to finally convert the electric energy into hydrogen energy for storage.
In a possible embodiment of the present invention, the water supply passage 70 is coupled to the thermal energy circulation circuit 60 for preheating water in the water supply passage 70 by thermal energy in the thermal energy circulation circuit 60.
Specifically, the present embodiment provides an embodiment in which the water supply passage 70 is coupled to the thermal energy circulation circuit 60, and by coupling the water supply passage 70 to the thermal energy circulation circuit 60, water flowing from the fuel cell 50 to the electrolytic tank 40 is preheated, thereby improving the working efficiency.
In a possible embodiment, the water supply passage 70 and the thermal energy circulation circuit 40 achieve preheating of the water in the water supply passage 70 by the thermal energy in the thermal energy circulation circuit 40 through the heat exchanger 100.
In a possible embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes: a heat exchanger 80 and a heat storage tank 90; the heat exchanger 80 is coupled to the thermal energy circulation loop 60; the heat storage tank 90 is connected to the heat exchanger 80 for effecting storage of thermal energy within the thermal energy circulation loop 60 by the heat exchanger 80.
Specifically, the embodiment provides an implementation of the heat exchanger 80 and the heat storage tank 90, and by arranging the heat exchanger 80 and the heat storage tank 90, the storage of the heat energy in the heat energy circulation loop 60 is realized, the heat energy in the heat energy circulation loop 60 is regulated, and the stability of the system temperature is maintained.
In a possible embodiment, the heat storage tank 90 also supplies heat to the thermal load.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present solution provides a method for optimizing a heat-hydrogen dual SOC hydrogen energy storage system, including:
acquiring actual output power and output power influence factors of the electric energy input channel 10, constructing an output power simplified model of the electric energy input channel 10, and obtaining the installed power of the electric energy input channel 10 through the output power simplified model;
acquiring a predicted output power influence factor of the electric energy input channel 10, constructing a predicted power model of the electric energy input channel 10 according to the installed power of the electric energy input channel 10, and obtaining the predicted power of the electric energy input channel 10 through the predicted power model;
acquiring an availability coefficient of the electric energy input channel 10, constructing a schedulable power model of the electric energy input channel 10 according to the predicted power of the electric energy input channel 10, and obtaining the schedulable power of the electric energy input channel 10 through the schedulable power model;
obtaining total deviation power of the electric energy input path 10 in set time according to the actual output power of the electric energy input path 10 and the schedulable power of the electric energy input path 10;
acquiring output power of a power grid thermal power generating unit, an operation cost coefficient, an online electricity price, a penalty coefficient, a power grid bus mark and a power grid bus data set of the power grid thermal power generating unit, and constructing an operation cost function of the heat-hydrogen double-SOC hydrogen energy storage system according to installed power and total deviation power of an electric energy input path 10;
and adding constraint conditions to the operation cost function, and calculating the operation cost function according to the constraint conditions to obtain the corresponding minimum operation cost.
In detail, the invention also provides an optimization method of the thermal-hydrogen double-SOC hydrogen energy storage system, which is used for solving the defects that a hybrid system formed by a wind power field and energy storage in the prior art is high in operation cost and low in operation efficiency of a high-proportion wind power system, and the configuration optimization of the hydrogen energy storage system is used for reducing the operation cost of a conventional unit, improving grid-connected power of the wind power field and optimizing the operation efficiency of the energy storage system.
It should be noted that, the purpose of establishing the operation cost function is to provide the grid-connected power of the electric energy input path 10 (for example, a wind farm), reduce the operation cost of the conventional unit of the electric grid, reduce the carbon emission, and the constraint conditions include the double-SOC constraint including the heat balance and the hydrogen balance, the operation constraint of the electric grid, and the output power constraint of the electric energy input path 10 (for example, a wind farm), and convert the nonlinear scheduling problem into a mixed integer programming problem which can be solved quickly.
Furthermore, the heat storage system provides positive and negative reserve for the output of the wind power plant through a day-ahead scheduling plan so as to ensure that the combined operation system can track a scheduling curve when operating in the day, and the wind power plant is equivalent to a schedulable power supply from a fluctuation power supply, thereby realizing friendly grid connection.
Furthermore, the heat-hydrogen double-SOC hydrogen energy storage system considers the power uncertainty of the wind power plant, can be finally converted into a mixed integer linear programming problem to be quickly solved, and can be used for quantitatively analyzing the influence of the heat dissipation coefficient of the system and the power grid parameters on the running economy of the wind power plant.
In a possible embodiment, the electric energy input path 10 is connected to a wind farm, the relevant parameters of the electric energy input path 10 are relevant parameters of the wind farm, the actual output power and the output power influence factor of the electric energy input path 10 are obtained, and an output power simplified model of the electric energy input path 10 is constructed, and in the step of obtaining the installed power of the electric energy input path 10 through the output power simplified model, the following formula is applied:
in the formula,PW Representing the installed power of the wind farm,representing the actual output power of the wind farm; />Is the output power impact factor.
It should be noted that, the output power simplified model of the electric energy input path 10 is a model that is based on the wind farm output power and the installed power, and equivalent the wind speed change to an output power influence factor.
In a possible embodiment, the electric energy input path 10 is connected to a wind farm, the relevant parameter of the electric energy input path 10 is the relevant parameter of the wind farm, when the actual power grid makes a grid-connected scheduling decision of the wind farm, the schedulable power is determined by using the predicted power of the wind farm to obtain a scheduling curve, so that the predicted output power influence factor of the electric energy input path 10 is obtained, and a predicted power model of the electric energy input path 10 is constructed according to the installed power of the electric energy input path 10, and in the step of obtaining the predicted power of the electric energy input path 10 through the predicted power model, the following formula is applied:
in the formula,representing the predicted output power impact factor, +.>Representing the predicted power of the electrical energy input path 10 (wind farm).
In a possible implementation manner, the electric energy input path 10 is connected to a wind farm, the relevant parameter of the electric energy input path 10 is the relevant parameter of the wind farm, when the actual power grid makes a grid-connected scheduling decision of the wind farm, the predicted power of the wind farm is generally used to determine the schedulable power so as to obtain a scheduling curve, therefore, the availability coefficient of the electric energy input path 10 is obtained, and the schedulable power model of the electric energy input path 10 is constructed according to the predicted power of the electric energy input path 10, and in the step of obtaining the schedulable power of the electric energy input path 10 through the schedulable power model, the following formula is applied:
in the formula,representing the schedulable power of the electrical energy input path 10 (wind farm).
It should be noted that the availability of power grid schedule to predict power of the power input path 10 (wind farm) is indicated. The schedulable power represents a scheduling curve of the electric energy input path 10 (wind farm), and is a grid-connected power to be ensured by the electric energy input path 10 (wind farm).
In a possible embodiment, the electric energy input path 10 is connected to a wind farm, the relevant parameters of the electric energy input path 10 are relevant parameters of the wind farm, and in the step of obtaining the total deviation power of the electric energy input path 10 within a set time according to the actual output power of the electric energy input path 10 and the schedulable power of the electric energy input path 10, the following formula is applied:
in the formula,DW Indicating the total bias power over time.
In a possible implementation manner, the electric energy input path 10 is connected with a wind farm, the relevant parameters of the electric energy input path 10 are relevant parameters of the wind farm, the output power of the power grid thermal power unit, the running cost coefficient of the power grid thermal power unit, the online electricity price, the penalty coefficient, the power grid bus label and the power grid bus data set are obtained, and in the step of constructing the running cost function of the heat-hydrogen double-SOC hydrogen energy storage system according to the installed power and the total deviation power of the electric energy input path 10, the following formula is applied:
in the formula,ce Representing the electricity price of surfing the net, c p Represents a penalty coefficient and,representing the output power of a thermal power unit of a power grid, a i 、b i and ci And respectively representing the running cost coefficients of the thermal power generating unit of the power grid, wherein i and N respectively represent the labels of bus bars and the data sets of the bus bars of the power grid.
In a possible embodiment of the present invention, the step of adding a constraint condition to the running cost function specifically includes:
the power generated by the electrolytic cell 40 at the time t, the hydrogen production rate, the high heat value of hydrogen and the efficiency of the electrolytic cell 40 are obtained, an electrolytic cell 40 model is constructed, and the power consumed by the electrolytic cell 40 is obtained through the electrolytic cell 40 model;
acquiring thermal power generated by the fuel cell 50 at the time t, the hydrogen consumption rate of the fuel cell 50 and the efficiency of the fuel cell 50, constructing a fuel cell 50 model, and obtaining the electric power generated by the fuel cell 50 through the fuel cell 50 model;
acquiring the total hydrogen energy state quantity in the hydrogen storage tank 30 at the time t-1, the maximum hydrogen energy stored in the hydrogen storage tank 30 and the time gap, constructing a first hydrogen balance SOC model according to the power consumed by the electrolytic tank 40, the efficiency of the electrolytic tank 40, the electric power generated by the fuel cell 50 and the efficiency of the fuel cell 50, and calculating the total hydrogen energy state quantity in the hydrogen storage tank 30 at the time t through the first hydrogen balance SOC model;
a thermal-hydrogen balance dual SOC constraint is constructed based on the total hydrogen energy state quantity in the hydrogen storage tank 30 at time t.
In particular, the present embodiment provides an implementation that adds constraints to the running cost function.
In a possible embodiment, the following formula is applied in the steps of obtaining the power generated by the electrolyzer 40 at time t, the hydrogen production rate, the high heating value of the hydrogen and the electrolyzer 40 efficiency, and constructing the electrolyzer 40 model, and obtaining the power consumed by the electrolyzer 40 model:
in the formula,respectively, the electric power consumed by the electrolytic bath 40 and the generated thermal power, +.>Represents the hydrogen production rate, HHV represents the high heating value of hydrogen, η el e denotes the efficiency of the cell 40.
In a possible embodiment, the following formula is applied in the steps of obtaining the thermal power generated by the fuel cell 50 at time t, the rate at which the hydrogen is consumed by the fuel cell 50, and the efficiency of the fuel cell 50, and constructing a model of the fuel cell 50, and obtaining the electrical power generated by the fuel cell 50 from the model of the fuel cell 50:
in the formula,respectively, at time t, the electric power and the thermal power generated by the fuel cell 50, < >>Indicating the rate at which the fuel cell 50 consumes hydrogen. η (eta) fuel Indicating the efficiency of the fuel cell 50.
In a possible embodiment, the total hydrogen energy state quantity in the hydrogen storage tank 30 at time t-1, the maximum hydrogen storage energy of the hydrogen storage tank 30, and the time gap are obtained, and a first hydrogen balance SOC model is constructed based on the power consumed by the electrolytic cell 40, the efficiency of the electrolytic cell 40, the electric power generated by the fuel cell 50, and the efficiency of the fuel cell 50, and the following formula is applied in the step of calculating the total hydrogen energy state quantity in the hydrogen storage tank 30 at time t through the first hydrogen balance SOC model:
in the formula,indicating the total hydrogen energy state quantity stored in the hydrogen tank 30 at time t, +.>Indicating the total hydrogen energy state quantity stored in the hydrogen storage tank 30 at time t-1,/->Represents the maximum hydrogen storage energy of the hydrogen storage tank 30, and Δτ represents the time gap.
The hydrogen storage system and the waste heat recycling system are respectively modeled by adopting a heat balance SOC model and a hydrogen balance SOC model. The hydrogen storage system stores hydrogen gas generated by the electrolytic tank 40 in the hydrogen storage tank 30 during electrolysis and supplies hydrogen gas and oxygen gas to the fuel cell 50 during power generation. Meanwhile, the water is supplied to the electrolytic bath 40 through a water supply cycle and the power generation product of the fuel cell 50 is recovered. The total energy stored in the hydrogen storage tank 30 is used as the hydrogen storage state parameter.
In a possible embodiment, in the step of constructing a heat-hydrogen balance double SOC constraint based on the total hydrogen energy state quantity in the hydrogen storage tank 30 at time T, the system hydrogen balance requires that the system not need external supply of hydrogen gas at any time to maintain operation while at the prescribed operation time T has elapsed 0 After that, the amount of hydrogen gas in the hydrogen tank 30 is not lower than the initial value, and the constraint thereof is expressed as follows:
in a possible embodiment of the present invention, the step of adding a constraint condition to the running cost function specifically includes:
obtaining power consumed by the electrolytic cell 40 at the time t, hydrogen production rate, high heat value of hydrogen and efficiency of the electrolytic cell 40, constructing an electrolytic cell 40 model, and obtaining power generated by the electrolytic cell 40 through the electrolytic cell 40 model;
acquiring electric power generated by the fuel cell 50 at the time t, the hydrogen consumption rate of the fuel cell 50 and the efficiency of the fuel cell 50, constructing a fuel cell 50 model, and obtaining the heat power generated by the fuel cell 50 through the fuel cell 50 model;
acquiring total thermal energy state quantity in the hydrogen storage tank 30 at time t-1, maximum thermal energy stored in the hydrogen storage tank 30 and time interval, constructing a second hydrogen balance SOC model according to power generated by the electrolytic cell 40, electric power generated by the fuel cell 50, thermal energy generated by the electrolytic cell 40, thermal energy generated by the fuel cell 50, thermal energy consumed by the heat-hydrogen double-SOC hydrogen energy storage system and efficiency of the heat exchanger 80, and calculating total thermal energy state quantity in the hydrogen storage tank 30 at time t through the second hydrogen balance SOC model;
a heat-hydrogen balance double SOC constraint is constructed from the total thermal energy state quantity in the hydrogen storage tank 30 at time t.
In particular, the present embodiment provides another implementation of adding constraints to the running cost function.
In a possible embodiment, the following formula is applied in the steps of obtaining the power consumed by the electrolyzer 40 at time t, the hydrogen production rate, the high heating value of the hydrogen and the electrolyzer 40 efficiency, and constructing the electrolyzer 40 model, and obtaining the power produced by the electrolyzer 40 model:
in the formula,respectively, the electric power consumed by the electrolytic bath 40 and the generated thermal power, +.>Represents the hydrogen production rate, HHV represents the high heating value of hydrogen, η ele Indicating the efficiency of the cell 40.
In a possible embodiment, the following formula is applied in the steps of obtaining the electric power generated by the fuel cell 50 at time t, the rate at which the hydrogen is consumed by the fuel cell 50, and the efficiency of the fuel cell 50, and constructing a model of the fuel cell 50, and obtaining the thermal power generated by the fuel cell 50 from the model of the fuel cell 50:
in the formula,respectively, at time t, the electric power and the thermal power generated by the fuel cell 50, < >>Indicating the rate at which the fuel cell 50 consumes hydrogen. η (eta) fuel Indicating the efficiency of the fuel cell 50.
In a possible embodiment, the total thermal energy state quantity in the hydrogen storage tank 30 at time t-1, the maximum thermal energy stored in the hydrogen storage tank 30, and the time gap are obtained, and the second hydrogen balance SOC model is constructed from the power generated by the electrolytic cell 40, the electric power generated by the fuel cell 50, the thermal power generated by the electrolytic cell 40, the thermal power generated by the fuel cell 50, the thermal power consumed by the heat-hydrogen double SOC hydrogen energy storage system, and the heat exchanger 80 efficiency, and the following formula is applied in the step of calculating the total thermal energy state quantity in the hydrogen storage tank 30 at time t by the second hydrogen balance SOC model:
in the formula,indicating the total thermal energy state quantity in the thermal storage tank 90 at time t,/for>Indicating the total thermal energy state quantity in the thermal storage tank 90 at time t-1,/for example>Represents the maximum heat storage energy of the heat storage tank 90, < > therein>Represents the power generated by the electrolyzer 40 and the fuel cell 50, respectively,/-> Representing the thermal power consumed by the system and the thermal power provided for the heating load, eta, respectively ex Indicating the efficiency of the heat exchanger 80.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,the three-part loss components of the heat dissipation of the electrolytic tank 40, the heat dissipation of the fuel cell 50 and the water supply circulation preheating are as follows:
wherein , and />The operating temperature and the ambient temperature, P, of the electrolyzer 40 and the fuel cell 50, respectively ele and Pfuel The installed capacity of the electrolyzer 40 and the fuel cell 50, respectively,>c p and />Represents the molar mass flow, specific heat capacity and water temperature, lambda, respectively, of the water entering the electrolyzer 40 ele and λfuel The heat dissipation coefficients of the electrolytic cell 40 and the fuel cell 50 are defined as the heat dissipation area A per unit capacity ele /A fuel And thermal resistance per unit area R ele /R fuel Ratio of (2), namely:
in a possible embodiment, in the step of constructing the heat-hydrogen balance double SOC constraint according to the total heat energy state quantity in the hydrogen storage tank 30 at time T, the system heat balance requires that the waste heat recovery and utilization system can maintain the system for a prescribed time T without resorting to an external heat source 0 Internal continuous, efficient operation, the constraints of which are expressed as follows:
in a possible embodiment of the present invention, the step of adding a constraint condition to the running cost function specifically includes:
the thermal power generated by the electrolytic cell 40, the thermal power generated by the fuel cell 50, the thermal power consumed by the dual heat-hydrogen SOC hydrogen energy storage system, the thermal power provided for the heating load, the thermal energy stored in the heat storage tank 90 and the efficiency of the heat exchanger 80 are obtained, and a waste heat recovery operation model is constructed, through which the dual heat-hydrogen balance SOC constraint is constructed.
In particular, the present embodiment provides yet another implementation of adding constraints to the running cost function.
In a possible embodiment, the following formula is applied in the step of obtaining the thermal power generated by the electrolyzer 40, the thermal power generated by the fuel cell 50, the thermal power consumed by the dual heat-hydrogen SOC hydrogen storage system, the thermal power provided for the heating load, the thermal energy stored in the heat storage tank 90 and the efficiency of the heat exchanger 80, and constructing the heat recovery operation model, and constructing the dual heat-hydrogen balance SOC constraint by the heat recovery operation model:
in the formula,representing thermal energy stored in the thermal storage tank 90.
In a possible embodiment of the present invention, the step of adding a constraint condition to the running cost function specifically includes:
and acquiring the active power of the power grid line, the reactive power of the power grid line, the square of the bus voltage, the phase angle of the bus voltage, the active power flow error and the reactive power flow error, and constructing the power grid operation constraint.
In particular, the present embodiment provides yet another implementation of adding constraints to the running cost function.
In a possible embodiment, in the step of obtaining the active power of the grid line, the reactive power of the grid line, the square of the bus voltage, the phase angle of the bus voltage, the active power flow error and the reactive power flow error, and constructing the grid operation constraint, the following formula is applied:
in the formula,Pl t Andrepresenting the active power and the reactive power transmitted on the power grid line I respectively, V i t and />Respectively representing the square and phase angle of the voltage on bus i, < >> and />Active and reactive power flow errors, respectively.
In describing embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "coupled," "coupled," and "connected" should be construed broadly, and may be either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific circumstances.
In the description of the present specification, reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "manner," "particular modes," or "some modes," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or mode is included in at least one embodiment or mode of the embodiments of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or manner. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or ways. Furthermore, various embodiments or modes and features of various embodiments or modes described in this specification can be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without mutual conflict.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, and are not limiting of the present invention. While the invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various combinations, modifications, or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and it is intended to be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method of optimizing a thermal-hydrogen dual SOC hydrogen energy storage system, the system comprising: an electric energy input path, an electric energy output path, a hydrogen storage tank, an electrolytic tank and a fuel cell;
the electric energy input passage is connected with the input end of the electrolytic tank; the output end of the electrolytic tank is connected with the input end of the hydrogen storage tank; the output end of the hydrogen storage tank is connected with the input end of the fuel cell; the output end of the fuel cell is connected with the electric energy output channel; the electrolytic tank converts the electric energy conveyed by the electric energy input passage into hydrogen energy and stores the hydrogen energy in the hydrogen storage tank; the fuel cell converts the hydrogen energy stored in the hydrogen storage tank into electric energy and supplies power to an electric load through the electric energy output passage;
the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring actual output power and output power influence factors of an electric energy input channel, constructing an output power simplified model of the electric energy input channel, and obtaining the installed power of the electric energy input channel through the output power simplified model;
obtaining a predicted output power influence factor of an electric energy input channel, constructing a predicted power model of the electric energy input channel according to the installed power of the electric energy input channel, and obtaining the predicted power of the electric energy input channel through the predicted power model;
acquiring an availability coefficient of an electric energy input channel, constructing a schedulable power model of the electric energy input channel according to the predicted power of the electric energy input channel, and obtaining the schedulable power of the electric energy input channel through the schedulable power model;
obtaining total deviation power of the electric energy input path in set time according to the actual output power of the electric energy input path and the schedulable power of the electric energy input path;
acquiring output power of a power grid thermal power generating unit, an operation cost coefficient, an online electricity price, a penalty coefficient, a power grid bus mark and a power grid bus data set of the power grid thermal power generating unit, and constructing an operation cost function of the heat-hydrogen double-SOC hydrogen energy storage system according to installed power and total deviation power of an electric energy input path;
adding constraint conditions to the operation cost function, and calculating the operation cost function according to the constraint conditions to obtain corresponding minimum operation cost;
the step of adding constraint conditions to the running cost function specifically includes:
the power consumed by the electrolyzer at the moment t, the hydrogen production rate, the high heat value of the hydrogen and the electrolyzer efficiency are obtained, an electrolyzer model is constructed, the power generated by the electrolyzer is obtained through the electrolyzer model, and the following formula is applied:
in the formula,respectively representing the electric power consumed by the electrolytic cell and the generated thermal power at time t, +.>Represents the hydrogen production rate, HHV represents the high heating value of hydrogen, η ele Indicating the efficiency of the electrolyzer;
the method comprises the steps of obtaining electric power generated by a fuel cell at the moment t, the hydrogen consumption rate of the fuel cell and the fuel cell efficiency, constructing a fuel cell model, obtaining the heat power generated by the fuel cell through the fuel cell model, and applying the following formula:
in the formula,respectively representing the time t, the electric power and the thermal power generated by the fuel cell, < >>Represents the rate of hydrogen consumption, η, of a fuel cell fuel Representing fuel cell efficiency;
acquiring total thermal energy state quantity in a hydrogen storage tank at time t-1, maximum heat storage energy and time gap of the hydrogen storage tank, constructing a second hydrogen balance SOC model according to power generated by the electrolytic tank, electric power generated by the fuel cell, thermal power generated by the electrolytic tank, thermal power generated by the fuel cell, thermal power consumed by a heat-hydrogen double-SOC hydrogen energy storage system and heat exchanger efficiency, and calculating total thermal energy state quantity in the hydrogen storage tank at time t through the second hydrogen balance SOC model, wherein the following formula is applied:
in the formula,indicating the total thermal energy state quantity in the thermal storage tank at time t,/->Representing the total thermal energy state quantity in the thermal storage tank at time t-1, < >>Represents the maximum heat storage energy of the heat storage tank, +.>Represents the power generated by the electrolyzer and the fuel cell, respectively, < >>Representing the thermal power consumed by the system and the thermal power provided for the heating load, eta, respectively ex Indicating heat exchanger efficiency;
constructing a heat-hydrogen balance double SOC constraint according to the total heat energy state quantity in the hydrogen storage tank at the moment t;
further, the method comprises the steps of,the three-part loss components of heat dissipation of the electrolytic tank, heat dissipation of the fuel cell and water supply circulation preheating are formed, and the model is as follows:
wherein , and />The operating temperature and the ambient temperature, P, of the electrolyzer 40 and the fuel cell 50, respectively ele and Pfuel The installed capacity of the electrolyzer 40 and the fuel cell 50, respectively,>c p and />Respectively are provided withRepresents the molar mass flow, specific heat capacity and water temperature, lambda, of the water entering the electrolyzer 40 ele and λfuel The heat dissipation coefficients of the electrolytic cell 40 and the fuel cell 50 are defined as the heat dissipation area A per unit capacity ele /A fuel And thermal resistance per unit area R ele /R fuel Ratio of (2), namely:
2. the method of optimizing a thermal-hydrogen dual SOC hydrogen storage system of claim 1, further comprising: and the heat energy circulation loop is respectively connected with the electrolytic tank and the fuel cell and is used for realizing circulation transfer of heat energy between the electrolytic tank and the fuel cell.
3. The method of optimizing a thermal-hydrogen dual SOC hydrogen storage system of claim 2, further comprising: and the water supply passage is respectively connected with the input end of the electrolytic tank and the output end of the fuel cell and is used for conveying water formed by the fuel cell to the electrolytic tank.
4. A method of optimizing a thermal-hydrogen dual SOC hydrogen storage system as defined in claim 3, wherein the water supply pathway is coupled to the thermal energy circulation loop for preheating water within the water supply pathway by thermal energy within the thermal energy circulation loop.
5. A method of optimizing a thermal-hydrogen dual SOC hydrogen storage system as defined in any of claims 2 to 4, further comprising: a heat exchanger and a heat storage tank;
the heat exchanger is coupled with the thermal energy circulation loop;
the heat storage tank is connected with the heat exchanger and is used for storing heat energy in the heat energy circulation loop through the heat exchanger.
6. A method of optimizing a thermal-hydrogen dual SOC hydrogen storage system as defined in any of claims 1 to 4, wherein said step of adding constraints to said operating cost function comprises:
the method comprises the steps of obtaining power generated by an electrolytic cell at the moment t, hydrogen production rate, high heat value of hydrogen and electrolytic cell efficiency, constructing an electrolytic cell model, and obtaining power consumed by the electrolytic cell through the electrolytic cell model;
acquiring thermal power generated by a fuel cell at the time t, the hydrogen consumption rate of the fuel cell and the fuel cell efficiency, constructing a fuel cell model, and obtaining the electric power generated by the fuel cell through the fuel cell model;
acquiring total hydrogen energy state quantity in a hydrogen storage tank at the time t-1, maximum hydrogen energy and time gap of the hydrogen storage tank, constructing a first hydrogen balance SOC model according to power consumed by the electrolytic tank, the electrolytic tank efficiency, electric power generated by the fuel cell and the fuel cell efficiency, and calculating the total hydrogen energy state quantity in the hydrogen storage tank at the time t through the first hydrogen balance SOC model;
and constructing a heat-hydrogen balance double SOC constraint according to the total hydrogen energy state quantity in the hydrogen storage tank at the time t.
7. A method of optimizing a thermal-hydrogen dual SOC hydrogen storage system as defined in any of claims 1 to 4, wherein said step of adding constraints to said operating cost function comprises:
the method comprises the steps of obtaining thermal power generated by an electrolytic tank, thermal power generated by a fuel cell, thermal power consumed by a thermal-hydrogen double-SOC hydrogen energy storage system, thermal power provided for a heating load, thermal energy stored in a heat storage tank and heat exchanger efficiency, constructing a waste heat recovery operation model, and constructing a thermal-hydrogen balance double-SOC constraint through the waste heat recovery operation model.
8. A method of optimizing a thermal-hydrogen dual SOC hydrogen storage system as defined in any of claims 1 to 4, wherein said step of adding constraints to said operating cost function comprises:
and acquiring the active power of the power grid line, the reactive power of the power grid line, the square of the bus voltage, the phase angle of the bus voltage, the active power flow error and the reactive power flow error, and constructing the power grid operation constraint.
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| 风氢耦合系统协同控制发电策略研究;张虹;孙权;李占军;白洋;;东北电力大学学报(第03期);全文 * |
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