CN116544921A - Comprehensive energy system source-load coordination optimization scheduling method - Google Patents
Comprehensive energy system source-load coordination optimization scheduling method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive energy system source load coordination optimization scheduling method, which comprises the steps of firstly, analyzing the running flexibility requirement in a system, and finely describing the capability of providing flexibility for various resources; secondly, analyzing the operation characteristics of the electro-hydrogen coupling unit at the source side to construct a combined operation model of the cogeneration unit and the hydrogen fuel cell, and obtaining a model of comprehensive flexible supply of the system by considering the flexible supply capacity of the comprehensive demand response at the load side; and finally, constructing an optimized scheduling model based on the flexible resource constraint of the comprehensive energy system, and solving the model by utilizing a solver CPLEX software in MATLAB software. Simulation results show that the scheduling method further improves the flexibility of the system and reduces the running cost of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power system optimization operation, in particular to a comprehensive energy system source load coordination optimization scheduling method.
Background
With the increasing severity of world energy crisis, the society is increasingly concerned about efficient utilization of energy and sustainable development concepts. In 2020, the aim of carbon neutralization is achieved before 2030 and the peak of CO2 emission is strived for before 2030. The comprehensive energy system plays an important role in cascade utilization and multi-energy complementation of energy and improving the utilization rate of energy.
The comprehensive energy system breaks through the barriers of the traditional independent operation modes of electric, gas and heat energy sources, and has the advantages of multi-energy complementation, energy utilization efficiency improvement and energy cost reduction. However, in the current comprehensive energy system accessed by high-proportion renewable energy, the fluctuation and uncertainty of renewable energy and load bring challenges to the safe operation of the system. Therefore, how to analyze the coupling characteristics between the heterogeneous energy sources, and coordinate the energy source side energy supply equipment and the load side energy utilization equipment, so as to improve the flexibility of the system, improve the renewable energy consumption and reduce the total cost of the system is an important problem to be solved at present.
At present, research is considered to increase the overall flexibility by adding flexible resource capacity and adjusting the flexible resource of the system. Some students consider the problem that the charge and discharge function of the electric energy storage device improves the system flexibility so as to meet the requirement of multi-renewable energy source access, but the research only focuses on electric heating coupling equipment and energy storage side flexible resources, and the influence of the electric-hydrogen coupling equipment on the system flexibility is ignored. The hydrogen energy is used as a clean low-carbon secondary energy source, has high heat value and low pollution, and along with the development and popularization of the hydrogen production technology, the hydrogen energy demand is larger and larger, so that the high-efficiency utilization of the hydrogen energy is considered in the system and has practical significance. Meanwhile, the method has the advantages that the flexibility resources on the load side are researched, the capacity of improving the economy and the digestion of the system by the comprehensive demand response is only analyzed and verified, and the flexibility supply capacity provided by the resources on the load side and the analysis of the influence on the system operation flexibility are ignored only for a certain demand response method or by directly applying a plurality of demand response methods to wind power digestion.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, provides a comprehensive energy system source load coordination optimization scheduling method, and aims to promote the consumption of renewable energy sources and improve the capability of the system to cope with uncertain disturbance.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a comprehensive energy system source load coordination optimization scheduling method comprises the following steps:
step A: firstly, establishing a model of flexibility resources and flexibility requirements of a comprehensive energy system, introducing a flexibility margin index for more intuitively representing the operation flexibility of the system, wherein the flexibility margin index is a difference value between flexibility supply and flexibility requirements, if the flexibility margin is smaller than 0, the system is indicated to be insufficient in flexibility, and the system is divided into an up-regulation insufficient flexibility period and a down-regulation insufficient flexibility period according to the problem of insufficient flexibility at different moments of the system;
the comprehensive energy system flexibility demand is derived from renewable energy and fluctuation and uncertainty of electric loads, the fluctuation of the loads can be represented by first-order difference of adjacent time periods, and wind-light combined output is taken as source side resource to downwards fluctuate, so that the upward flexibility demand is actually generated, and therefore, a system flexibility demand quantification model is as follows:
wherein:respectively adjusting the flexibility requirement values up and down; l (L) t An electrical load for a period t; lambda (lambda) u And lambda (lambda) d The requirements of the system electrical load prediction error on up-and-down adjustment flexible resources are respectively met; /> The maximum value of the whole day is predicted for wind power and photovoltaic power; />The wind power and photovoltaic power predicted value is t time period; omega u 、ω d The requirements of wind power prediction errors on up-and-down adjustment flexible resources are respectively met; alpha u 、α d The demand of photovoltaic power prediction errors on up-and-down flexible resources is met;
the schedulable resources with the capacity of adjusting the output and the load uncertainty of the renewable energy sources can be regarded as flexible resources, and the flexible demands in the system are met by reserving the capacity of adjusting, so that the flexibility of the system is improved, and the flexible resources comprise schedulable conventional units, energy storage equipment, CHP units, hydrogen fuel cells and comprehensive demand response;
the conventional unit in the comprehensive energy system is mainly a thermal power unit, the climbing rate of the thermal power unit is low and limited by a scheduling instruction, the flexible adjustment capability is poor, only limited flexibility can be provided, and the flexible supply can be expressed as:
wherein:the climbing rates of the conventional units are respectively up and down; p (P) n,max 、P n,min The upper and lower limits of the output of the conventional unit are respectively set; p (P) n,t The output of the conventional unit at the time t; />The up-down regulation supply generated by the conventional unit is respectively carried out;
the energy storage equipment in the comprehensive energy system is mainly provided with a storage battery, the storage battery provides up-regulation flexibility through discharging energy, and provides down-regulation flexibility through charging energy, and the flexibility supply can be expressed as follows:
wherein:the minimum and maximum charge states of the storage battery are respectively; s is S soc,t The state of charge of the storage battery at the moment t; />The storage battery is put and charged with efficiency; />Is the maximum capacity of the storage battery; />Is the maximum value of charge and discharge power; />For up-down regulation supply generated for time respectively;
and (B) step (B): the source side analyzes the operation characteristics of the electro-hydrogen coupling unit to construct a combined operation model of the cogeneration unit and the hydrogen fuel cell, fully exerts the advantages of high heat value, low pollution and wide source of hydrogen energy, utilizes the good cogeneration characteristics of the hydrogen fuel cell, increases energy supply flexibility resources and simultaneously improves the flexible adjustment range of the CHP unit;
in the combined operation model of the CHP and the hydrogen fuel cell, the flexibility provided by the combined operation model is not only related to the CHP unit but also related to the heat and power co-generation characteristic of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the flexibility can be expressed as follows:
in the middle of：The power output is the minimum and maximum value of the electric power of the CHP unit; p (P) CHPe,t The electric power generated by the CHP unit at the time t; />The upper limit and the lower limit of the climbing of the output electric power of the CHP unit are set; />The minimum and maximum values of the electric power output by the hydrogen fuel cell; p (P) H-e,t Generating electric power for the hydrogen fuel cell at time t; />An upper limit and a lower limit of the climbing of the output electric power of the hydrogen fuel cell; />Respectively carrying out up-and-down regulation supply generated by the joint operation model at the moment t;
step C: introducing a user side demand response as a load side flexible resource, and constructing a comprehensive energy system comprehensive demand response model according to the user side demand response; the up and down regulation supplies that can be provided by IDR can be expressed as:
wherein:up-and down-regulated supply for IDR production, respectively,> the maximum and minimum values of the electric load and the thermal load of the participation response are respectively represented by i and j epsilon { cut and mov }, andcurtailment and transferable loads;the electric load and the thermal load which participate in the response are carried out at the moment t; χ represents a heat energy flexibility resource conversion coefficient, and the value of χ is related to the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the CHP unit;
step D: on the basis of the step A, calling the source side joint operation mode in the step B, and taking the comprehensive demand response model in the step C into consideration to obtain a comprehensive energy system scheduling scheme of source load coordination;
step E: d, based on the comprehensive energy system scheduling scheme of source-load coordination in the step D, an optimal scheduling model taking the system comprehensive cost optimization as an objective function and considering the system flexibility constraint is established;
the flexible supply capability of various resources is integrated, and the method can be obtained:
wherein:respectively supplying the system in an up-down mode at the moment t;
the flexibility constraint is to satisfy a flexibility supply greater than a demand at a determined time scale:
step F: and D, based on the economic optimization scheduling model of the multi-energy complementary comprehensive energy system considering the flexibility constraint in the step D, solving the model by utilizing a solver CPLEX software in MATLAB software.
The invention further preferably comprises the following steps: the comprehensive energy system in the step A comprises a wind turbine generator, a photovoltaic turbine generator, an external power grid, an external air grid, a cogeneration unit, an electrolytic tank device, a hydrogen fuel cell unit, energy storage equipment, a conventional electric heating load and a flexible electric heating load which can participate in demand response.
The invention further preferably comprises the following steps: whether the flexibility in the step A is sufficient or not is determined according to the predicted output size, the load predicted size and the flexible resource adjusting capacity of the renewable energy unit in the scheduling area.
The invention further preferably comprises the following steps: the disadvantage of the up-regulation flexibility in the step A is that the up-regulation flexibility requirement is larger than the up-regulation flexibility capacity in the system, namely the up-regulation flexibility requirement generated by the net load fluctuation is larger than the up-regulation capacity of the flexible resources in the system; the disadvantage of the down-regulation flexibility in the step A is that the down-regulation flexibility requirement is larger than the down-regulation flexibility capacity in the system, and the down-regulation flexibility requirement generated by the net load fluctuation is larger than the down-regulation capability of the flexible resources in the system.
The invention further preferably comprises the following steps: the combined operation mode in the step B is as follows: firstly, a novel cogeneration system is formed by combining the good electrothermal property of a hydrogen fuel cell with a traditional CHP unit on the energy side; the hydrogen used by the hydrogen fuel cell is derived from hydrogen energy produced by utilizing surplus electric quantity in the electrolytic tank, a part of the hydrogen energy is used for cogeneration of the hydrogen fuel cell, the potential of hydrogen energy utilization is explored, the hydrogen energy utilization efficiency is improved, and the shortage of part of flexibility is compensated; part of the natural gas is used for methanation reaction, and natural gas is generated and supplied to a CHP unit so as to reduce the gas purchasing cost; and part of the hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage tank, and the hydrogen storage device can solve the problem of mismatching of the time of obtaining and utilizing the hydrogen.
The invention further preferably comprises the following steps: the demand response model in the step C comprises an excitation type electric load demand response model and an excitation type thermal load demand response model, and the comprehensive demand response is taken as an important flexible resource in the comprehensive energy system and is a key for promoting the coordination of the energy and the load of the comprehensive energy system.
The invention further preferably comprises the following steps: the comprehensive energy system source load coordination optimization scheduling method also comprises constraints on each link, including power balance constraints, unit operation constraints, constraints on each device in the comprehensive energy system and tie line interaction power constraints, comprehensive demand response constraints and flexibility constraints.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides a comprehensive energy system source load coordination optimization scheduling method based on comprehensive energy system operation flexibility mechanism analysis, establishes a flexible resource and flexibility demand model, establishes an economic optimization scheduling model considering flexibility constraint, analyzes the flexibility operation and the effectiveness of the comprehensive demand response of a hydrogen fuel cell and influences of the scheduling method on the economic operation according to research results.
2. When the up-regulation flexibility is insufficient, in order to solve the load shedding risk caused by the insufficient up-regulation flexibility, firstly, the user side IDR flexible resource is utilized to guide the load to participate in the demand response so as to smooth the load curve, so that the output of the unit is better matched with the load level, and the economic advantage of the system is improved while the source-load coordination characteristic is exerted; the power generation characteristic of the combined operation model of the CHP-hydrogen fuel cell is exerted, the output of a unit is increased, and up-regulation flexibility supply is provided for the system; the conventional unit has relatively poor regulation capability and can only provide limited flexibility, so that the flexible supply in the system mainly comes from CHP, hydrogen fuel cells, IDR and energy storage equipment; finally, the aim of sufficient up-regulation flexibility in the period is fulfilled.
3. When the down-regulation flexibility is insufficient, the renewable energy source cannot be completely consumed at the moment, the energy abandoning risk is brought, the transferable electric load is moved to the period according to the principle that the renewable energy source is fully consumed as much as possible, so as to improve the partial electric load demand, and simultaneously surplus electric quantity is electrolyzed by an electrolysis tank to prepare hydrogen energy to be stored in a hydrogen storage tank so as to be supplied to a hydrogen fuel cell device for cogeneration, so that the conversion of electricity, hydrogen and electric heat is realized; in addition, the storage battery is charged to promote the down-regulation flexible supply, and the discharge is carried out when the load level is higher so as to realize the transfer of electric energy in time; if the system has insufficient down-regulation flexibility, a certain wind and light discarding measure is adopted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a comprehensive energy system structure in a method for optimizing and dispatching a comprehensive energy system source load in a coordinated manner;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a combined operation mode of an energy side of a comprehensive energy system in a comprehensive energy system source load coordination optimization scheduling method according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a method for optimizing and dispatching the source load of the comprehensive energy system;
FIG. 4 is a graph of wind-solar power output and load demand in a method for coordinated optimization scheduling of source load of a comprehensive energy system according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the electric power optimization result in a comprehensive energy system source load coordination optimization scheduling method of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the thermal power optimization result in a comprehensive energy system source load coordination optimization scheduling method of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the result of optimizing the air power in the method for optimizing and scheduling the source load of the integrated energy system;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of the supply and demand relationship of up-regulation flexibility in a method for optimizing and scheduling the source load of an integrated energy system according to the present invention;
fig. 9 is a diagram of a supply-demand relationship of down-regulation flexibility in a method for optimizing and scheduling source load coordination of an integrated energy system.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the present application is provided in connection with the examples. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, of the embodiments of the application.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4:
1. construction of comprehensive energy system containing hydrogen energy
The comprehensive energy system comprises a wind turbine generator, a photovoltaic turbine generator, an external power grid, an external air grid, a cogeneration unit, an electrolytic tank device, a hydrogen fuel cell unit, energy storage equipment, conventional electricity, heat and gas loads and flexible electricity and heat loads which can participate in demand response.
2. Analysis and division of scheduling modes for combined operation modes of cogeneration units and hydrogen fuel cells
The combined operation mode of the cogeneration unit and the hydrogen fuel cell is as follows: the electrolyzer performs an electrolysis water reaction to generate hydrogen gas, which is used as an input energy source of the hydrogen fuel cell. When the flexibility supply in the system is insufficient, the hydrogen fuel cell utilizes the self electricity generation characteristic to compensate the flexibility shortage in the system, so that the system meets the flexibility requirement; meanwhile, as the hydrogen fuel cell supplies partial heat load, the heat supply pressure of the CHP unit is relieved, and the flexible adjusting range of the CHP unit is further improved. When the electric load peak and the heat load are low in the daytime, the CHP unit can increase the output to improve the up-regulation flexible supply, and the superfluous generated heat is stored in the heat storage tank; when the heat output of the CHP unit is smaller than the heat load, the unsatisfied heat load is supplied by the hydrogen fuel cell and the heat storage tank, and the output of the CHP unit is reduced at the moment, so that the system can be provided with the down-regulation flexibility. The hydrogen fuel cell uses hydrogen energy, and redundant hydrogen energy is injected into the hydrogen storage tank, so that the hydrogen storage device can realize flexible utilization of hydrogen energy; and the other part of the methane is subjected to methanation reaction to prepare methane which is supplied to the CHP unit, so that the system energy purchasing cost can be reduced, and four heterogeneous energy sources of electricity, heat, gas and hydrogen are coupled. And judging the problem of insufficient up-regulation/down-regulation flexibility of the comprehensive energy system at different moments according to the predicted output size, the predicted load size and the flexible resource regulation capacity size of the renewable energy unit in the dispatching area, and providing a corresponding dispatching strategy.
3. Providing a source load coordination scheduling strategy considering various flexible resources
When the up-regulation flexibility is insufficient, the up-regulation flexibility requirement in the period is larger than the up-regulation flexibility capacity in the system. Firstly, the IDR flexible resource at the user side is utilized to guide the load to participate in the demand response to smooth the load curve, so that the output of the unit is better matched with the load level, and the economical advantage of the system is improved while the coordination characteristic of the source load is exerted; the power generation characteristic of the combined operation model of the CHP-hydrogen fuel cell is exerted, the output of a unit is increased, and up-regulation flexibility supply is provided for the system; the conventional unit has relatively poor regulation capability and can only provide limited flexibility, so that the flexible supply in the system mainly comes from CHP, hydrogen fuel cells, IDR and energy storage equipment; finally, the aim of sufficient up-regulation flexibility in the period is fulfilled.
When the down flexibility is insufficient, the down flexibility requirement in the period is larger than the down-adjustable flexibility capacity in the system. According to the principle that renewable energy sources are fully consumed as much as possible and fully connected with the network, the transferable electric load is moved to the period to improve the partial electric load demand, and meanwhile, surplus electric quantity is utilized to electrolyze water by an electrolytic tank to prepare hydrogen energy which is stored in a hydrogen storage tank so as to be supplied to a hydrogen fuel cell device for cogeneration, so that the conversion of electricity, hydrogen and electric heat is realized; in addition, the storage battery is charged to promote the down-regulation flexible supply, and the discharge is carried out when the load level is higher so as to realize the transfer of electric energy in time; if the system has insufficient down-regulation flexibility, a certain wind and light discarding measure is adopted.
4. Establishing an economic optimization scheduling model taking into account flexibility constraints
According to the proposed economic optimization scheduling strategy of the comprehensive energy system, taking the lowest total cost of the system as an objective function, and establishing the objective function as follows:
min F 1 ＝C w +C wh +C aban +C IDR (8)
wherein: c (C) w 、C wh 、C aban And C IDR The cost of purchasing energy, the cost of operation and maintenance, the cost of discarding wind and light and the cost of compensating comprehensive demand response are respectively calculated;
cost of purchase C w The formula is as follows:
wherein: c buy,t 、c buyg,t The electricity purchase and gas purchase prices are respectively at the time t; p (P) buy,t 、P buyg,t Respectively purchasing electricity and gas at the time t; t is a scheduling period;
operation and maintenance cost C wh The formula is as follows:
wherein: c wh,i Representing unit operation and maintenance cost of unit i, P t i The output of the machine set at the time t is shown;
wherein: c aban The unit cost of the wind and light discarding is represented; p (P) aban,t The wind and light discarding quantity at the time t is shown;
wherein:the power supply can be shifted for the time t, and the unit price of electric load compensation can be reduced; />The heat load compensation unit price can be reduced for the transition at the time t; p (P) t mov 、P t cut 、H t mov 、H t cut The electric load can be transferred and reduced at the moment t respectively; the heat load can be transferred and reduced.
For the electric gas conversion device, the electric gas conversion device can be divided into an electrolytic tank device and a methanation reaction device, and the mathematical model is as follows:
1) Electrolytic tank device
The electrolytic tank device can convert surplus renewable energy into hydrogen energy, and the mathematical model is as follows:
Q ec,t ＝γ ec P ec,t (13)
wherein: q (Q) ec,t And P ec,t The power of hydrogen energy generated by the electrolyzer device at the moment t and the power consumed by the electrolyzer device are respectively; gamma ray ec Is the electrical hydrogen conversion efficiency;
2) Methanation reaction
The methanation reactor utilizes redundant hydrogen to generate methane, and the mathematical model is as follows:
P H-g,t ＝γ H-g P H,t (14)
wherein: p (P) H,t 、P H-g,t The power consumed by the hydrogen energy and the power generated by the natural gas are respectively the power consumed by the methane reactor at the moment t.
For a combined operation model of the CHP unit and the hydrogen fuel cell, the mathematical model is as follows:
1) Hydrogen fuel cell model
The power generation efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell is related to the load factor from the external characteristics of the hydrogen fuel cell, and can be expressed as a function of the unit value of the output electric power. The cogeneration characteristic of the hydrogen fuel cell can be considered that the total efficiency of electricity generation and heat supply is equal to a certain constant, that is to say, the efficiency of electricity generation and heat supply is changed at the same time. The model of the external schedule of hydrogen fuel cells is thus as follows:
wherein: p (P) Hin,t 、P H-e,t 、P H-h,t The input power, the electric power and the heat output power of the hydrogen fuel cell are respectively t time periods; gamma ray H-e,t 、γ H-h,t Generating electricity and heat efficiency respectively; a. b, c, d, e, f is the efficiency function coefficient; gamma ray Hmax The total heat and power generation efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell is achieved;is the minimum and maximum value of input power; />The minimum and maximum values of the electric power output by the hydrogen fuel cell; />An upper limit and a lower limit of the climbing of the output electric power of the hydrogen fuel cell;
2) Combined heat and power unit model
The cogeneration unit utilizes natural gas to produce electricity and heat, is important coupling equipment in a comprehensive energy system, and has the following mathematical model:
wherein: p (P) h,t Heating power of the waste heat boiler in the t period; gamma ray CHP-e 、γ loss 、γ res 、γ h The power generation efficiency, the heat dissipation coefficient and the waste heat recovery rate of the waste heat boiler and the heating efficiency of the gas turbine are respectively achieved.
For the integrated demand response, the present study considered transferable to excitation type, and reducible to thermal load.
The established excitation type electrical load Demand response model (DR) is as follows:
wherein: p (P) t g 、P t mov And P t cut A normal electric load, a transferable load, and a load reducible at time t, respectively;is the sum of transferable loads within the total scheduling period T; /> The lower limit and the upper limit of the transferable and load-reducing at the moment t are respectively; θ t 、α t To determine whether the load is responding, a 0-1 variable, 1, indicates that a response is being generated.
The thermal load demand response model is built as follows:
wherein:is the load quantity of the transferable heat load at the time t; [ t ] b ,t f ]A translation period of time that is a transferable thermal load; t is t last For the duration of the heat load transfer; kappa (kappa) t ，U t The variables are the running state and the start-stop state 0-1 of the load at the moment t respectively.
Wherein:the actual reducible thermal load at time T and the reducible total load in the total scheduling period T, respectively; />Upper and lower limits, respectively, for reducing the heat load; beta t To determine whether the thermal load is responsive, a 0-1 variable of 1 indicates that a response is being generated.
Wherein:the normal thermal load and the post-response thermal load power at time t are shown, respectively.
The system balance constraint is:
1) Power balance constraint
The electric power balance constraint is:
wherein: p (P) wt,t 、P pv,t 、P buy,t 、P CHPe,t 、P H-e,t The power is wind power and photovoltaic output power at the moment t, and the power purchased by an upper power grid, the power generated by a cogeneration unit and the power generated by a hydrogen fuel cell; p (P) t el,IDR 、P ec,t 、The power is the electric load after the demand response at the moment t, the power consumption of the electrolytic cell device and the charging and discharging power of the storage battery.
The thermal power balance constraint is:
wherein: p (P) CHPh,t 、P H-h,t The heat power generated by the cogeneration unit and the heat power generated by the hydrogen fuel cell at the moment t are respectively; h t hl,IDR 、And respectively obtaining heat load power after the demand response at the moment t and energy charging and discharging power of the heat storage device.
The air power balance constraint is:
P buyg,t +P H-g,t ＝P gl,t +P gas,t (23)
wherein: p (P) buyg,t 、P H-g,t The gas purchase power and the gas production power of the methanation reactor at the moment t are respectively; p (P) gl,t 、P gas,t And the power is the gas load power at the moment t and the gas consumption power of the cogeneration unit respectively.
The hydrogen power balance constraint is as follows:
wherein: q (Q) ec,t 、The hydrogen energy power generated by the electrolyzer device at the time t and the hydrogen release power of the hydrogen storage tank are respectively; p (P) H,t 、P Hin,t 、/>The power consumption of the methane reactor and the power consumption of the hydrogen fuel cell and the charging power of the hydrogen storage tank at the time t are respectively.
2) Constraint of wind and light output
Wherein:and->The wind and light predicted output at time t are respectively.
3) Cell device restraint
Wherein:the upper limit and the lower limit of the electric energy input into the electrolytic tank are respectively; />The upper limit and the lower limit of the climbing of the electrolytic tank are respectively.
4) Methane reactor device constraints
Wherein:the upper limit and the lower limit of the hydrogen energy input into the methane reactor are respectively; />The upper limit and the lower limit of the climbing are respectively.
5) Hydrogen fuel cell restraint
The hydrogen fuel cell is capable of hydrogen-electricity, hydrogen-heat conversion, the constraint of which is shown in formula (15)
6) Constraint of cogeneration unit
The CHP unit is capable of gas-to-electricity, gas-to-heat conversion, the constraint of which is shown in formula (16).
7) Energy storage constraint
Mathematical models of different energy storage devices in the integrated energy system are similar, so that unified modeling is performed on the 3 types of energy storage devices in the integrated energy system.
Wherein: s is S i,t 、Respectively the energy storage capacity, the energy charging and discharging power of the ith energy storage device at the moment t; omega i The energy loss rate of the ith energy storage device; η (eta) i chr 、η i dis The energy storage charging and discharging efficiency of the ith energy storage device is improved;the upper and lower limits of the capacity of the ith energy storage device; />Respectively charging and discharging states of the energy storage equipment at the moment t; />Respectively the minimum and maximum values of the charge and discharge power of the energy storage device; s is S i,1 、S i,T I e { ess, hss, H }, is the state of the energy storage capacity at the initial and final moments in the cycle.
8) Operating constraints of controllable units
Wherein:the output of the ith controllable unit at the time t is obtained; />And->The lower limit and the upper limit of the output of the ith controllable unit are respectively set; />And->The ascending and descending climbing rates of the ith controllable unit are respectively. />
9) Interactive power constraint and gas purchase constraint of tie line
Wherein: p (P) buy,max 、P buy,min The upper limit and the lower limit of the power purchasing power are respectively; p (P) buyg,max 、P buyg,min And respectively purchasing upper and lower limits of gas power.
10 A) demand response constraint
Specific constraints are shown in formulas (17) - (20).
11 A) and flexibility constraints
In addition, the application provides an example analysis to verify the effectiveness of the comprehensive energy system source load coordination optimization scheduling method considering various flexible resources, and the example provides four schemes for analysis and verification, and the specific scheme is as follows:
scheme 1: the combined operation model of the CHP unit and the hydrogen fuel cell and the comprehensive demand response characteristic are not considered, and a traditional scheduling strategy is adopted;
scheme 2: the integrated demand response characteristic is not considered, and only the combined operation model of the CHP and the hydrogen fuel cell is considered;
scheme 3: the integrated demand response characteristics are not considered, and only the combined operation of the CHP and the hydrogen fuel cell is considered;
scheme 4: meanwhile, the combined operation model of the CHP and the hydrogen fuel cell and the comprehensive demand response characteristic are considered, so that the system flexibility constraint is met; i.e. the scheduling policy presented herein.
Fig. 5 shows the optimal operation result of the electric power of the comprehensive energy system under the scheme, and it can be seen that the electric power system can meet the requirements of electric loads. The power system can meet the electric load requirement in the system. At the moment 0-3, the requirement for the down-regulation flexibility is larger and mainly comes from the uncertainty of wind power, at the moment, the down-regulation flexibility is sufficient due to the effect of demand response, and the hydrogen is produced by the electrolytic cell to supply energy to the hydrogen fuel cell in the period, so that the level of renewable energy consumption is improved; the wind power output is reduced at the moment 3-7, the output of the CHP unit and the hydrogen fuel cell is increased, and the defect of partial up-regulation flexibility is overcome; the daytime electric load demand is increased at the moment 7-13, the new energy power generation ratio is increased, the flexibility demand is increased, and the CHP, the hydrogen fuel cell, the storage battery and the IDR jointly provide flexibility supply in the period; at 14-19, the photovoltaic output of the fan is gradually reduced, and part of electric load is reduced and transferred; at the moment of 20-24, the photovoltaic output is gradually reduced to 0, the output of the CHP unit is reduced, a network space is reserved for wind power, the renewable energy consumption level is improved, and the gas purchasing cost is reduced.
Fig. 6 shows the thermal power optimum operation result of the integrated energy system in the present solution, and it can be seen that the thermodynamic system can meet the thermal load requirement. At the moment 0-7, the night heat load is larger, and the hydrogen fuel cell, the CHP unit and the heat storage equipment jointly output and supply the heat load; at the time 8-11, as the daytime illumination intensity increases, the electric load increases, the thermal load decreases, the CHP unit reduces the heating output, and the thermal load is mainly supplied by the hydrogen fuel cell in the period; the heat load is low at 12-15, the CHP unit realizes 'thermal decoupling', at the moment, heat is supplied by the CHP-hydrogen fuel cell combined model together, and the redundant energy is stored by the heat storage device; the illumination intensity is gradually reduced at 16-24 time, and the CHP and the hydrogen fuel cell are matched with the heat storage device to realize heat power balance.
Fig. 7 shows the optimum operation result of the pneumatic power of the comprehensive energy system in the present solution, and it can be seen that the system can meet the pneumatic load requirement. As can be seen from fig. 7, the system can meet the gas load requirements. The gas load is mainly supplied by a natural gas source, residual gas power is used for cogeneration of the CHP unit after the gas load demand is met, the electric and thermal load demands in the period are met, and the complementary mutual utilization of three energy sources of electricity, heat and gas is realized; the methanation reactor supplies part of the natural gas only at time 1 because hydrogen-gas conversion increases the energy consumption generated by the cascade conversion and the hydrogen utilization efficiency is higher than that of the natural gas, so most of the hydrogen energy is used for the cogeneration of the hydrogen fuel cell.
FIG. 8 is a diagram of the supply and demand relationship of up-regulation flexibility in a method for optimizing and scheduling the source load of an integrated energy system according to the present invention; fig. 9 is a diagram of a supply-demand relationship of down-regulation flexibility in a method for optimizing and scheduling source load coordination of an integrated energy system. It can be seen from fig. 8 and fig. 9 that after the scheduling strategy is used, that is, after the CHP and the hydrogen fuel cell are utilized to operate in combination and IDR, by taking the optimization method of flexibility constraint into consideration, under the condition of load and renewable energy fluctuation, various flexible resources in the comprehensive energy system are coordinated, flexible adjustment capability of the flexible resources is fully exerted, and finally the requirements of up-adjustment and down-adjustment flexibility in the system are met. And after using the scheduling strategy, the flexibility supply at partial moments is far higher than the flexibility demand, which means that the flexibility margin of the system is larger at the moments and the flexibility supply capability is stronger.
Table 1 results of the operation of the different schemes
Data analysis was performed by comparison of data between the schemes of table 1.
Compared with scheme 1, the wind and light discarding cost in scheme 2 is reduced. The electrolytic tank utilizes surplus electric quantity to carry out water electrolysis to produce hydrogen and supply the hydrogen fuel cell to realize cogeneration, so that the renewable energy consumption is improved. Meanwhile, the operation process of the hydrogen energy system model is considered, so that the operation and maintenance cost of the system is improved to a small extent; the high-efficiency utilization of hydrogen energy reduces the output of a conventional unit and the output of an air source, so that the energy purchasing cost is reduced by 2189.19 yuan. The comprehensive cost of the scheme 3 is reduced by 3.18% compared with that of the scheme 1, wherein the purchase energy cost is reduced by 90.77 yuan, and the comprehensive demand response enables the scheduling demand of the active response system of the user side to change the energy consumption curve, so that the output of the unit is better matched with the load level. Meanwhile, the flexible resource at the load side can provide certain flexible adjustment capacity, so that the flexible adjustment capacity of the comprehensive energy system is improved.
The comprehensive cost of the scheme 4 is reduced by 21.4%, 1.22% and 18.86% compared with that of the schemes 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The source side considers the coordination of the electric hydrogen coupling equipment and other units, the load side considers the excitation type electric heating comprehensive demand response, the flexible demand generated by renewable energy sources and loads is better stabilized by coordinating flexible resources on the two sides of the source load, and the renewable energy source electricity discarding cost is reduced.
The foregoing is merely a few specific embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any changes that can be made by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The source-load coordination optimization scheduling method of the comprehensive energy system is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step A: firstly, establishing a model of flexibility resources and flexibility requirements of a comprehensive energy system, introducing a flexibility margin index for more intuitively representing the operation flexibility of the system, wherein the flexibility margin index is a difference value between flexibility supply and flexibility requirements, if the flexibility margin is smaller than 0, the system is indicated to be insufficient in flexibility, and the system is divided into an up-regulation insufficient flexibility period and a down-regulation insufficient flexibility period according to the problem of insufficient flexibility at different moments of the system;
the comprehensive energy system flexibility demand is derived from renewable energy and fluctuation and uncertainty of electric loads, the fluctuation of the loads can be represented by first-order difference of adjacent time periods, and wind-light combined output is taken as source side resource to downwards fluctuate, so that the upward flexibility demand is actually generated, and therefore, a system flexibility demand quantification model is as follows:
wherein:respectively adjusting the flexibility requirement values up and down; l (L) t An electrical load for a period t; lambda (lambda) u And lambda (lambda) d The requirements of the system electrical load prediction error on up-and-down adjustment flexible resources are respectively met; /> The maximum value of the whole day is predicted for wind power and photovoltaic power; />The wind power and photovoltaic power predicted value is t time period; omega u 、ω d The requirements of wind power prediction errors on up-and-down adjustment flexible resources are respectively met; alpha u 、α d The demand of photovoltaic power prediction errors on up-and-down flexible resources is met;
the schedulable resources with the capacity of adjusting the output and the load uncertainty of the renewable energy sources can be regarded as flexible resources, and the flexible demands in the system are met by reserving the capacity of adjusting, so that the flexibility of the system is improved, and the flexible resources comprise schedulable conventional units, energy storage equipment, CHP units, hydrogen fuel cells and comprehensive demand response;
the conventional unit in the comprehensive energy system is mainly a thermal power unit, the climbing rate of the thermal power unit is low and limited by a scheduling instruction, the flexible adjustment capability is poor, only limited flexibility can be provided, and the flexible supply can be expressed as:
wherein:the climbing rates of the conventional units are respectively up and down; p (P) n,max 、P n,min The upper and lower limits of the output of the conventional unit are respectively set; p (P) n,t The output of the conventional unit at the time t; />The up-down regulation supply generated by the conventional unit is respectively carried out;
the energy storage equipment in the comprehensive energy system is mainly provided with a storage battery, the storage battery provides up-regulation flexibility through discharging energy, and provides down-regulation flexibility through charging energy, and the flexibility supply can be expressed as follows:
wherein:the minimum and maximum charge states of the storage battery are respectively; s is S SOC,t The state of charge of the storage battery at the moment t; />The storage battery is put and charged with efficiency; />Is the maximum capacity of the storage battery; />Is the maximum value of charge and discharge power; />For up-down regulation supply generated for time respectively;
and (B) step (B): the source side analyzes the operation characteristics of the electro-hydrogen coupling unit to construct a combined operation model of the cogeneration unit and the hydrogen fuel cell, fully exerts the advantages of high heat value, low pollution and wide source of hydrogen energy, utilizes the good cogeneration characteristics of the hydrogen fuel cell, increases energy supply flexibility resources and simultaneously improves the flexible adjustment range of the CHP unit;
in the combined operation model of the CHP and the hydrogen fuel cell, the flexibility provided by the combined operation model is not only related to the CHP unit but also related to the heat and power co-generation characteristic of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the flexibility can be expressed as follows:
wherein:the power output is the minimum and maximum value of the electric power of the CHP unit; p (P) CHPe,t The electric power generated by the CHP unit at the time t; />The upper limit and the lower limit of the climbing of the output electric power of the CHP unit are set; />The minimum and maximum values of the electric power output by the hydrogen fuel cell; p (P) H-e,t Generating electric power for the hydrogen fuel cell at time t; />An upper limit and a lower limit of the climbing of the output electric power of the hydrogen fuel cell; />Respectively carrying out up-and-down regulation supply generated by the joint operation model at the moment t;
step C: introducing a user side demand response as a load side flexible resource, and constructing a comprehensive energy system comprehensive demand response model according to the user side demand response; the up and down regulation supplies that can be provided by IDR can be expressed as:
wherein:up-and down-regulated supply for IDR production, respectively,> i and j epsilon { cut, mov } represent reducible and transferable loads respectively for participating in responding to electrical load and thermal load maximum and minimum values; p (P) t i 、/>The electric load and the thermal load which participate in the response are carried out at the moment t; χ represents a heat energy flexibility resource conversion coefficient, and the value of χ is related to the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the CHP unit;
step D: on the basis of the step A, calling the source side joint operation mode in the step B, and taking the comprehensive demand response model in the step C into consideration to obtain a comprehensive energy system scheduling scheme of source load coordination;
step E: d, based on the comprehensive energy system scheduling scheme of source-load coordination in the step D, an optimal scheduling model taking the system comprehensive cost optimization as an objective function and considering the system flexibility constraint is established;
the flexible supply capability of various resources is integrated, and the method can be obtained:
wherein:respectively supplying the system in an up-down mode at the moment t;
the flexibility constraint is to satisfy a flexibility supply greater than a demand at a determined time scale:
step F: and D, based on the economic optimization scheduling model of the multi-energy complementary comprehensive energy system considering the flexibility constraint in the step D, solving the model by utilizing a solver CPLEX software in MATLAB software.
2. The method for optimizing and scheduling the source load coordination of the comprehensive energy system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the comprehensive energy system in the step A comprises a wind turbine generator, a photovoltaic turbine generator, an external power grid, an external air grid, a cogeneration unit, an electrolytic tank device, a hydrogen fuel cell unit, energy storage equipment, a conventional electric heating load and a flexible electric heating load which can participate in demand response.
3. The method for optimizing and scheduling the source load coordination of the comprehensive energy system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: whether the flexibility in the step A is sufficient or not is determined according to the predicted output size, the load predicted size and the flexible resource adjusting capacity of the renewable energy unit in the scheduling area.
4. The method for optimizing and scheduling the source load coordination of the comprehensive energy system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the disadvantage of the up-regulation flexibility in the step A is that the up-regulation flexibility requirement is larger than the up-regulation flexibility capacity in the system, namely the up-regulation flexibility requirement generated by the net load fluctuation is larger than the up-regulation capacity of the flexible resources in the system; the disadvantage of the down-regulation flexibility in the step A is that the down-regulation flexibility requirement is larger than the down-regulation flexibility capacity in the system, and the down-regulation flexibility requirement generated by the net load fluctuation is larger than the down-regulation capability of the flexible resources in the system.
5. The method for optimizing and scheduling the source load coordination of the comprehensive energy system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the combined operation mode in the step B is as follows: firstly, a novel cogeneration system is formed by combining the good electrothermal property of a hydrogen fuel cell with a traditional CHP unit on the energy side; the hydrogen used by the hydrogen fuel cell is derived from hydrogen energy produced by utilizing surplus electric quantity in the electrolytic tank, a part of the hydrogen energy is used for cogeneration of the hydrogen fuel cell, the potential of hydrogen energy utilization is explored, the hydrogen energy utilization efficiency is improved, and the shortage of part of flexibility is compensated; part of the natural gas is used for methanation reaction, and natural gas is generated and supplied to a CHP unit so as to reduce the gas purchasing cost; and part of the hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage tank, and the hydrogen storage device can solve the problem of mismatching of the time of obtaining and utilizing the hydrogen.
6. The method for optimizing and scheduling the source load coordination of the comprehensive energy system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the demand response model in the step C comprises an excitation type electric load demand response model and an excitation type thermal load demand response model, and the comprehensive demand response is taken as an important flexible resource in the comprehensive energy system and is a key for promoting the coordination of the energy and the load of the comprehensive energy system.
7. The method for optimizing and scheduling the source load coordination of the comprehensive energy system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the comprehensive energy system source load coordination optimization scheduling method also comprises constraints on each link, including power balance constraints, unit operation constraints, constraints on each device in the comprehensive energy system and tie line interaction power constraints, comprehensive demand response constraints and flexibility constraints.
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