CN111639824A - Thermoelectric optimization scheduling method for regional comprehensive energy system with electric-to-gas conversion function - Google Patents

Thermoelectric optimization scheduling method for regional comprehensive energy system with electric-to-gas conversion function Download PDF

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CN111639824A
CN111639824A CN202010569194.2A CN202010569194A CN111639824A CN 111639824 A CN111639824 A CN 111639824A CN 202010569194 A CN202010569194 A CN 202010569194A CN 111639824 A CN111639824 A CN 111639824A
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崔杨
闫石
仲悟之
王铮
张鹏
赵钰婷
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Abstract

The invention relates to a thermoelectric optimal scheduling method of a regional comprehensive energy system containing electric-to-gas conversion, which comprises the following steps: analyzing an electricity-to-gas two-stage operation mechanism, introducing hydrogen storage in a water electrolysis hydrogen production link, promoting high-grade use of hydrogen energy through hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration, and reducing energy gradient utilization loss caused by direct methanation; the hydrogen fuel cell and the gas turbine are optimized to run with variable efficiency, and the thermoelectric load situation is flexibly tracked by adjusting the thermoelectric efficiency, so that the thermoelectric output is more economical and reasonable; the organic Rankine cycle waste heat power generation is introduced to convert the cogeneration surplus heat output into electric energy, and the thermoelectric coupling performance of the system is improved in a waste heat absorption promoting mode; and constructing a thermoelectric coupling RIES optimization scheduling model containing electric power to gas with the aim of minimizing the sum of system energy purchasing cost, operation and maintenance cost and energy loss cost. The method can improve the energy utilization efficiency and the cogeneration performance of the regional comprehensive energy system, and has the advantages of being scientific and reasonable, strong in applicability, good in effect and the like.

Description

Thermoelectric optimization scheduling method for regional comprehensive energy system with electric-to-gas conversion function
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of energy utilization, in particular to a thermoelectric optimization scheduling method for a regional comprehensive energy system with electric-to-gas conversion.
Background
The primary problem faced by regional integrated energy system scheduling at present is how to coordinate the output of various units in the system, and on the premise of maximally consuming renewable energy, the comprehensive energy utilization efficiency is improved, and the system operation cost is reduced. Among them, the electric-to-gas wind power consumption and the optimized thermoelectric coupling are two important aspects for improving the economic operation of the regional comprehensive energy system.
The electricity-to-gas conversion can convert high-generation electricity at night or low-ebb electricity price electricity into hydrogen or natural gas for storage, and supplies high-cost time load when needed, so that the method is an effective way for promoting wind power consumption and realizing high-generation low-storage arbitrage.
The cogeneration unit operates in a fixed efficiency mode, the output of the unit cannot be flexibly adjusted according to the change of the thermoelectric load, the problem of low energy supply efficiency exists, and the space is further optimized; when the thermal load of the system is lower than the electrical load, the problem of excessive heat generation energy still exists in the technical constraint range even if the thermoelectric efficiency is adjustable due to the operation limit of the thermoelectric unit; the power generation by utilizing the waste heat of high-temperature flue gas or cooling medium is an important technical means for promoting the surplus heat energy to be absorbed, wherein the comprehensive performance of the power generation by utilizing the waste heat of the organic Rankine cycle is optimal.
Disclosure of Invention
The basic concept of the invention is as follows: based on the consideration of three aspects of improving the wind power dispatching capability, optimizing the system multipotential coupling and flexibly adjusting the thermoelectric output relation, the technology of electricity-to-gas two-stage operation, hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration and organic Rankine cycle waste heat power generation is gradually introduced, a variable efficiency operation model of the cogeneration unit is constructed, the energy loss cost is added into an objective function, the comprehensive energy utilization rate is added into constraint conditions to serve as a quantitative index, and the effectiveness of the dispatching model provided by the invention on improving the multipotential coupling utilization efficiency and improving the system economic operation is analyzed.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the thermoelectric optimization scheduling method for the regional comprehensive energy system containing electricity to gas is scientific and reasonable, high in applicability and good in effect, and can improve the multi-energy coupling utilization efficiency and the operation economy.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problem is as follows: a thermoelectric optimization scheduling method for a regional comprehensive energy system containing electricity to gas is characterized in that hydrogen storage is introduced in a water electrolysis hydrogen production link, high-grade use of hydrogen energy is promoted through cogeneration of a hydrogen fuel cell, energy gradient utilization loss caused by direct methanation is reduced, the hydrogen fuel cell and a gas turbine are optimized to variable-efficiency operation, a thermoelectric load situation is flexibly tracked through adjusting thermoelectric efficiency, organic Rankine cycle waste heat power generation is introduced to convert surplus heat output of the cogeneration into electric energy, and the thermoelectric coupling performance of the system is improved through a waste heat absorption promoting mode, and specifically the method comprises the following steps:
step one, a regional comprehensive energy system multipotency coupling mechanism:
electrical-to-gas conversion mechanism:
the electric gas conversion comprises two processes of electric hydrogen production and hydrogen methanation; introducing high-strength direct-current electrolyzed water into an electrolytic cell to generate hydrogen and oxygen, and storing part of the generated hydrogen in a hydrogen storage tank to supply the hydrogen to a hydrogen fuel cell for cogeneration when needed; the other part of hydrogen and carbon dioxide are reacted in a methane reactor by Sabatier to generate methane and water, and the prepared methane is directly injected into a natural gas network supply load or other gas turbine units;
the proton exchange membrane electrolyzed water has good chemical stability and higher conversion efficiency, is suitable for a comprehensive energy system in a region with limited space, and the conversion efficiency can be approximately represented by a quadratic function of a per unit value of input electric power; the methanation efficiency of hydrogen is mainly related to the hydrogen-carbon ratio, the catalyst performance, the reaction temperature and the reaction pressure, and because the methanation efficiency of hydrogen is taken as a fixed value approximately in the secondary stage of electric gas conversion, the electrolytic cell and the methane reactor model are constructed respectively as the formula (1) -the formula (2);
Figure BDA0002548787080000021
Figure BDA0002548787080000022
in the formula: pECin,tThe input power value of the electrolytic cell is t time period; pEC,tIs the output power value ηEC,tTo a conversion efficiency value; a isEC、bEC、cECIs an efficiency function coefficient; pECrIs a rated power value; pECmax、PECminThe input power is an upper limit value and a lower limit value; delta PECmax、ΔPECminThe upper and lower limit values for climbing; pMRin,tThe input power value of the methane reactor in the period t; pMR,tIs the output power value ηMRTo a conversion efficiency value; pMRmax、PMRminThe input power is an upper limit value and a lower limit value; delta PMRmax、ΔPMRminThe upper limit value and the lower limit value of the climbing slope are set;
hydrogen generated by water electrolysis is the only energy source for cogeneration of hydrogen fuel cells, a hydrogen storage tank can provide a stable and time-shiftable scheduling hydrogen source for the hydrogen fuel cells, hydrogen storage relates to physical processes such as compression-storage-recompression and the like, the input and output characteristics of the hydrogen fuel cells are mainly concerned in the scheduling aspect, loss generated in the compression process is abstracted by using storage and discharge efficiency, and thus a hydrogen storage tank model is constructed as the formula (3);
Figure BDA0002548787080000023
in the formula:
Figure BDA0002548787080000024
the storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank is t time period;
Figure BDA0002548787080000025
is the input power value;
Figure BDA0002548787080000026
is the output power value;
Figure BDA0002548787080000027
Figure BDA0002548787080000028
the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the hydrogen storage capacity are set;
Figure BDA0002548787080000029
the input power is an upper limit value and a lower limit value;
Figure BDA00025487870800000210
the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the output power are obtained;
Figure BDA0002548787080000031
is a hydrogen storage efficiency value;
Figure BDA0002548787080000032
is the hydrogen discharge efficiency value;
hydrogen-thermoelectric conversion mechanism:
the electricity-to-gas is refined into two-stage operation, the hydrogen fuel cell is introduced to directly realize the conversion of hydrogen energy to electricity and heat energy, the comprehensive utilization efficiency of electricity-to-gas is improved by utilizing the hydrogen energy at high grade, the heat supply capacity of the hydrogen fuel cell is further developed, the cogeneration performance is more efficiently exerted, and the electricity-hydrogen-thermoelectric energy coupling utilization scheme has more economic benefits;
the electricity generation principle is that the electric potential generated by the movement of electrons during the oxidation-reduction reaction is utilized, and the electric energy generated by the reactor reaction is transmitted to a power grid after being boosted by a DC/AC converter and a transformer; in the heat production process, a heat collecting device collects heat generated by reactor reaction loss, and backwater of a circulating thermodynamic system is heated through a heat exchanger, so that partial heat output of other heat supply units is shared, and combined heat load supply is realized;
as for external characteristics, the electrical efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell has a certain correlation with the load factor, and can be represented by a quintic function of the per unit value of the electrical output power, because the thermoelectric generation gives full play to the electrical and thermal characteristics of the hydrogen fuel cell, the total thermoelectric efficiency can be approximately considered to be equal to a certain value in the technical upper limit, so that when the electrical efficiency changes, the thermal efficiency also changes along with the change, and the external scheduling model of the hydrogen fuel cell is as formula (4);
Figure BDA0002548787080000033
in the formula: pHFCin,tThe input power value of the hydrogen fuel cell for a period t; pHFCe,tIs the electrical output power value; pHFCh,tHeat output power value ηHFCe,tη is the power generation efficiency valueHFCh,tTo a heat production efficiency value; pHFCrIs a rated electrical output power value; a isHFC、bHFC、cHFC、dHFC、eHFC、fHFCCoefficient of efficiency function ηHFCmaxIs the maximum value of the total efficiency of thermoelectricity; pHFCmax、PHFCminThe input power is an upper limit value and a lower limit value; delta PHFCmax、ΔPHFCminThe upper limit value and the lower limit value of the climbing slope are set;
from the internal characteristics, when the equipment parameters and the external environment are given, the electricity and heat output power of the hydrogen fuel cell respectively depend on the hydrogen input rate and the heat dissipation circulating water flow rate, and the formula (5) shows that the electricity and heat efficiency respectively are the ratio of the electricity and heat output to the input power, so that the connection between the external scheduling and the internal control model is established, the formula (4) -formula (5) shows that the hydrogen input rate and the heat dissipation circulating water flow rate at the moment are obtained while the scheduling output and the corresponding efficiency are solved, and the adjustment of the electricity and heat efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell is realized by controlling the two variables;
Figure BDA0002548787080000041
in the formula: f is a Faraday constant;
Figure BDA0002548787080000042
is the hydrogen input rate;
Figure BDA0002548787080000043
is hydrogen molar mass; enernstIs a Nernst voltage value ПactTo activate polarity overvoltage losses ПohmП is ohmic overvoltage lossconConcentration difference overvoltage loss; k is the heat exchange coefficient of the heat exchanger; s is the heat exchange area; v is a standard flow rate; vLThe low temperature side flow rate; vH2OThe flow rate of the heat dissipation circulating water is adopted; A. b is a flow velocity coefficient; t isHFCIs the temperature value of the electric pile; t isLMeasuring the water temperature value at low temperature;
③ mechanism of thermal-electric conversion:
considering that the electric load demand is higher than the heat load in some seasons or time periods, after the hydrogen fuel cell is introduced as a novel thermoelectric energy production source, the system heat source is richer, the system thermal output is excessive, and the organic Rankine cycle waste heat power generation has certain feasibility;
the physical structure of the organic Rankine cycle waste heat power generation mainly comprises a working medium circulation condenser, a working medium circulation pump, a preheater, an evaporator and a thermoelectric conversion steam turbine; the organic working medium absorbs heat from a waste heat source in the evaporator to generate high-temperature and high-pressure steam, the expander is pushed to rotate so as to drive the steam turbine to generate electricity, the generated exhaust gas enters the condenser to be cooled into liquid, and the liquid is pumped into the evaporator by the working medium pump to complete a cycle;
the heat output power P of hydrogen fuel cell and gas turbineHFCh、PGThIs subdivided into two parts, one PHFC2hlAnd PGT2hlDirectly supplying a heat load via a heat supply network, another part PHFC2ORCAnd PGT2ORCThe electric energy is input into an organic Rankine cycle waste heat power generation device as a waste heat source to regenerate electric energy, and is superposed with the electric output power of a hydrogen fuel cell and a gas turbine to be supplied togetherA load to be charged;
the efficiency of the organic Rankine cycle waste heat power generation is mainly related to the characteristics of an organic working medium, the performance of a thermal power conversion device, the structural parameters of a system, the operating condition and the external environment, the effectiveness of optimizing thermoelectric coupling is considered, the efficiency is simplified into fixed efficiency, and an organic Rankine cycle waste heat power generation model is constructed according to the formula (6);
Figure BDA0002548787080000044
in the formula: pORCin,tThe input power value of the organic Rankine cycle waste heat power generation in the t period; pORC,tIs the output power value ηORCThe value is the waste heat power generation efficiency value; pORCmax、PORCminThe input power is an upper limit value and a lower limit value; delta PORCmax、ΔPORCminThe upper limit value and the lower limit value of the climbing slope are set;
step two, optimizing and scheduling a model of the regional comprehensive energy system:
an objective function:
the dispatching model aims at the minimum operation cost of the regional comprehensive energy system, and comprises a system energy purchasing cost CbuyAnd running maintenance cost CmaAnd energy loss cost ClossThree parts;
F＝min(Cbuy+Cma+Closs) (7)
the electricity purchasing cost takes into account a peak-valley time-of-use electricity price mechanism, and adopts a fixed gas price generally implemented at the present stage;
Figure BDA0002548787080000051
in the formula: t is a scheduling period; t is a unit scheduling time interval; rhoe,tThe unit electricity price of the superior power grid in the period t; rhogIs the unit price of natural gas; pebuy,tThe amount of power purchased from the upper level main network; vgbuy,tThe amount of natural gas purchased from the upper level main network;
the operation and maintenance cost is calculated as the formula (9);
Figure BDA0002548787080000052
in the formula: m isW、mEC、mMR、
Figure BDA0002548787080000053
mGT、mHFC、mORC、mGBThe unit maintenance costs of wind power, an electrolytic cell, a methane reactor, a hydrogen storage tank, a gas turbine, a hydrogen fuel cell, organic Rankine cycle waste heat power generation and a gas boiler are respectively set; pW,tThe power value is the wind power output power value in the time period t; pGT,tIs the gas turbine output power value; pGB,tThe output power value is the output power value of the gas boiler;
because the number of the units is large, energy loss inevitably exists in coupling links of various units, the number of the units is considerable, the comprehensive energy loss of electricity, gas and heat is uniformly converted into standard coal loss on the basis of the conversion relation between the heat value and the power, and the energy loss cost of a regional comprehensive energy system is measured by the standard coal loss cost;
Figure BDA0002548787080000054
in the formula: rhocoalIs the reference price per standard coal; II typeloss,tα is the total standard coal consumption of the comprehensive energy system in the t period regioneStandardizing the coal coefficient for electric energy αgα for gas energy to standard coal coefficienthThe standard coal coefficient is converted for the heat energy; pesup,tA supply-side electrical output power value; pgsup,tOutput power value for supply side gas; pel,tThe predicted value is the power of the electric load; pgl,tThe predicted value is the air load power; phl,tA predicted value of the thermal load power is obtained; qgasIs natural gas with low heat value;
constraint conditions:
the balance relation of the electricity, gas and heat power of the regional comprehensive energy system is given by the comprehensive supply side, the conversion side and the load side as shown in the formula (11);
Figure BDA0002548787080000055
the internal energy coupling link of the regional comprehensive energy system scheduling model comprises an electrolytic cell, a methane reactor and a hydrogen storage tank coupling part, and the input and output relations are as shown in formula (12); the coupling part of the hydrogen storage tank and the hydrogen fuel cell is shown as a formula (13); the gas turbine, the hydrogen fuel cell and the organic Rankine cycle waste heat power generation coupling part are shown as a formula (14);
Figure BDA0002548787080000061
Figure BDA0002548787080000062
Figure BDA0002548787080000063
in order to ensure the safe and stable operation of the upper level main network and reduce the regulation pressure of the upper level main network, only the purchasing energy is taken into consideration and the selling energy is not taken into consideration;
Figure BDA0002548787080000064
in the formula: penetmaxThe method comprises the following steps of (1) providing an interactive upper limit value of a regional comprehensive energy system and a superior power grid; vgnetmaxIs the interaction upper limit value with the superior air network;
similar to a hydrogen fuel cell, the electrical efficiency of the gas turbine has a certain relation with the load factor from the external characteristic, can be represented by a cubic function of a per unit value of the electrical output power, and approximately considers that the total thermoelectric efficiency is constant within an error range allowed by scheduling, so that the thermoelectric efficiency constraint formula (16) of the gas turbine is constructed;
Figure BDA0002548787080000065
in the formula ηGTe,tFor the period t of the gas turbineη electric efficiency valueGTh,tTo a heat production efficiency value; pGTrIs a rated electrical output power value; a isGT、bGT、cGT、dGTCoefficient of efficiency function ηGTmaxIs the maximum value of the total efficiency of thermoelectricity; pGTmax、PGTminThe input power is an upper limit value and a lower limit value; delta PGTmax、ΔPGTminThe upper limit value and the lower limit value of the climbing slope are set;
for internal characteristics, under the condition of given input power, the thermoelectric efficiency of the gas turbine can be adjusted by controlling the air inlet guide vane angle of the gas compressor and the air extraction proportion of the steam turbine, the relation between the thermoelectric efficiency and the air inlet guide vane angle and the air extraction proportion is established, the unit control variable at the moment can be obtained according to the input and output result of scheduling and the corresponding efficiency, the variable efficiency adjustment is realized, and the related calculation formula for adjusting the air inlet guide vane angle and the air extraction proportion is as shown in the formula (17);
Figure BDA0002548787080000066
in the formula α1、α2The front and rear air inlet guide vane angles are adjusted;
Figure BDA0002548787080000071
the flow coefficient before and after adjustment is obtained; q is the heat supply load of the steam turbine; m ishp、mip、mlpThe flow rates of the waste heat boiler are high, medium and low; r iscIs the air extraction proportion; h iscSpecific enthalpy of extracted steam;
the gas boiler is a reliable heat generating device of a regional comprehensive energy system, and when the cogeneration operation of the gas turbine and the hydrogen fuel cell cannot simultaneously satisfy the balance constraint of electricity and heat power, the energy balance of the system can be maintained by scheduling the output of the gas boiler;
Figure BDA0002548787080000072
in the formula: pGBin,tThe input power value of the gas boiler is t time period; pGB,tIs the output power value ηGBFor the efficiency of heatingA value; pGBmax、PGBminThe input power is an upper limit value and a lower limit value; delta PGBmax、ΔPGBminThe upper limit value and the lower limit value of the climbing slope are set;
the wind turbine generator outputs power according to the operation mode not greater than the predicted value;
0≤PW,t≤PWf,t(19)
in the formula: pWf,tThe predicted value of the wind power is t time period;
the second law of thermodynamics states that the utilization process of energy comprises two forms of work and heat, and in practical engineering, the work which can be effectively utilized in the energy conversion process is emphasized, the energy is useful energy after being dissipated in the form of heat, namely, the energy quality is gradually reduced along with the energy step conversion, so that the energy of different forms has the mass height besides the quantitative relation, and the characteristic can be quantified by introducing an energy quality coefficient; the two attributes of energy quantity and quality are comprehensively considered, the conversion side view is changed into a black box, and the overall comprehensive energy utilization rate constraint of the system is given as a formula (20) -a formula (21);
Figure BDA0002548787080000073
ηen≥ηenmin(21)
in the formula: piout,tAn output power value of class i energy; pjin,tAn input power value of class j energy; m and n are a set of input and output energy types of the regional comprehensive energy system; lambda [ alpha ]e、λg、λh、λwEnergy quality coefficients of electric energy, natural gas, thermal circulating water and wind energy, ηenminAnd the lower limit value of the comprehensive energy utilization rate is set for meeting the energy supply efficiency index of the system.
The invention provides a thermoelectric optimization scheduling method of a regional comprehensive energy system containing electricity to gas, which comprises the steps of firstly analyzing an electricity to gas two-stage operation mechanism, introducing hydrogen storage in a water electrolysis hydrogen production link, promoting high-grade use of hydrogen energy through hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration, and reducing energy gradient utilization loss caused by direct methanation; secondly, optimizing the hydrogen fuel cell and the gas turbine to be operated with variable efficiency, and flexibly tracking the thermoelectric load situation by adjusting the thermoelectric efficiency; then, organic Rankine cycle waste heat power generation is introduced to convert the cogeneration surplus heat output into electric energy, and the thermoelectric coupling performance of the system is improved in a waste heat absorption promoting mode; and finally, constructing an optimal scheduling model of the thermoelectric coupling region comprehensive energy system containing electricity to gas with the aim of minimizing the sum of the system energy purchasing cost, the operation maintenance cost and the energy loss cost. The multifunctional coupling device has the advantages of being scientific and reasonable, strong in applicability, good in effect and capable of improving the multifunctional coupling utilization efficiency and the operation economy.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the regional comprehensive energy system can be coupled schematically;
FIG. 2: the two-stage operation diagram of electricity-to-gas conversion;
FIG. 3: a hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration schematic;
FIG. 4: a thermoelectric coupling system schematic diagram containing organic Rankine cycle waste heat power generation;
FIG. 5: an electric-to-gas output schematic diagram;
FIG. 6: a schematic diagram of thermoelectric coupling output;
FIG. 7: schematic diagram of the efficiency of the thermoelectric coupling.
Detailed Description
The thermoelectric optimization scheduling method of the regional integrated energy system with electric-to-gas conversion according to the present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention discloses a thermoelectric optimization scheduling method of a regional comprehensive energy system containing electricity to gas, which is shown in figure 1, and comprises the steps of introducing hydrogen storage in a water electrolysis hydrogen production link, promoting high-grade use of hydrogen energy through hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration, reducing energy cascade utilization loss caused by direct methanation, optimizing a hydrogen fuel cell and a gas turbine to variable-efficiency operation, tracking thermoelectric load situation flexibly through regulating thermoelectric efficiency, introducing organic Rankine cycle waste heat power generation to convert surplus heat output of the cogeneration into electric energy, and improving thermoelectric coupling performance of the system through a waste heat consumption promoting mode, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, a regional comprehensive energy system multipotency coupling mechanism:
electrical-to-gas conversion mechanism:
the method has the advantages that the flexible scheduling capability of wind power and electric energy at low cost periods can be improved by strengthening the electric coupling by utilizing the electricity-to-gas technology, the method is an important technical means for eliminating wind and optimizing wind power scheduling, and the energy supply of the hydrogen fuel cell is completely from electricity to gas, so the method is also an energy starting link of electricity-hydrogen-thermoelectric multi-energy coupling operation;
the electric gas conversion comprises two processes of hydrogen gas production and hydrogen gas methanation, and the two-stage operation mechanism is shown in figure 2; introducing high-strength direct-current electrolyzed water into an electrolytic cell to generate hydrogen and oxygen, and storing part of the generated hydrogen in a hydrogen storage tank to supply the hydrogen to a hydrogen fuel cell for cogeneration when needed; the other part of hydrogen and carbon dioxide are reacted in a methane reactor by Sabatier to generate methane and water, and the prepared methane is directly injected into a natural gas network supply load or other gas turbine units;
the proton exchange membrane electrolyzed water has good chemical stability and higher conversion efficiency, is suitable for a comprehensive energy system in a region with limited space, and the conversion efficiency can be approximately represented by a quadratic function of a per unit value of input electric power; the methanation efficiency of hydrogen is mainly related to the hydrogen-carbon ratio, the catalyst performance, the reaction temperature and the reaction pressure, and because the methanation efficiency of hydrogen is taken as a fixed value approximately in the secondary stage of electric gas conversion, the electrolytic cell and the methane reactor model are constructed respectively as the formula (1) -the formula (2);
Figure BDA0002548787080000091
Figure BDA0002548787080000092
in the formula: pECin,tThe input power value of the electrolytic cell is t time period; pEC,tIs the output power value ηEC,tTo a conversion efficiency value; a isEC、bEC、cECIs an efficiency function coefficient; pECrTo rated powerA value; pECmax、PECminThe input power is an upper limit value and a lower limit value; delta PECmax、ΔPECminThe upper and lower limit values for climbing; pMRin,tThe input power value of the methane reactor in the period t; pMR,tIs the output power value ηMRTo a conversion efficiency value; pMRmax、PMRminThe input power is an upper limit value and a lower limit value; delta PMRmax、ΔPMRminThe upper limit value and the lower limit value of the climbing slope are set;
the hydrogen generated by electrolyzing water is the only energy source for cogeneration of the hydrogen fuel cell, the hydrogen storage tank can provide a stable and time-shiftable scheduling hydrogen source for the hydrogen fuel cell, the hydrogen storage relates to physical processes such as compression-storage-recompression and the like, the input and output characteristics of the hydrogen fuel cell are mainly concerned at the scheduling level, the loss abstraction generated in the compression process is represented by storage and release efficiency, and therefore a hydrogen storage tank model is constructed as the formula (3);
Figure BDA0002548787080000093
in the formula:
Figure BDA0002548787080000094
the storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank is t time period;
Figure BDA0002548787080000095
is the input power value;
Figure BDA0002548787080000096
is the output power value;
Figure BDA0002548787080000097
Figure BDA0002548787080000098
the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the hydrogen storage capacity are set;
Figure BDA0002548787080000099
the input power is an upper limit value and a lower limit value;
Figure BDA00025487870800000910
the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the output power are obtained;
Figure BDA00025487870800000911
is a hydrogen storage efficiency value;
Figure BDA00025487870800000912
is the hydrogen discharge efficiency value;
hydrogen-thermoelectric conversion mechanism:
the electricity-to-gas is refined into two-stage operation, the hydrogen fuel cell is introduced to directly realize the conversion of hydrogen energy to electricity and heat energy, the comprehensive utilization efficiency of electricity-to-gas is improved by utilizing the hydrogen energy at high grade, the heat supply capacity of the hydrogen fuel cell is further developed, the cogeneration performance is more efficiently exerted, and the electricity-hydrogen-thermoelectric energy coupling utilization scheme has more economic benefits;
FIG. 3 shows a cogeneration mechanism of hydrogen fuel cells, wherein the electricity generation principle is that electric energy generated by the reactor reaction is sent to a power grid after being boosted by a DC/AC converter and a transformer by utilizing electric potential generated by electron movement during an oxidation-reduction reaction; in the heat production process, a heat collecting device collects heat generated by reactor reaction loss, and backwater of a circulating thermodynamic system is heated through a heat exchanger, so that partial heat output of other heat supply units is shared, and combined heat load supply is realized;
as for external characteristics, the electrical efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell has a certain correlation with the load factor, and can be represented by a quintic function of the per unit value of the electrical output power, because the thermoelectric generation gives full play to the electrical and thermal characteristics of the hydrogen fuel cell, the total thermoelectric efficiency can be approximately considered to be equal to a certain value in the technical upper limit, so that when the electrical efficiency changes, the thermal efficiency also changes along with the change, and the external scheduling model of the hydrogen fuel cell is as formula (4);
Figure BDA0002548787080000101
in the formula: pHFCin,tThe input power value of the hydrogen fuel cell for a period t; pHFCe,tIs the electrical output power value; pHFCh,tFor heat transferPower output value ηHFCe,tη is the power generation efficiency valueHFCh,tTo a heat production efficiency value; pHFCrIs a rated electrical output power value; a isHFC、bHFC、cHFC、dHFC、eHFC、fHFCCoefficient of efficiency function ηHFCmaxIs the maximum value of the total efficiency of thermoelectricity; pHFCmax、PHFCminThe input power is an upper limit value and a lower limit value; delta PHFCmax、ΔPHFCminThe upper limit value and the lower limit value of the climbing slope are set;
from the internal characteristics, when the equipment parameters and the external environment are given, the electricity and heat output power of the hydrogen fuel cell respectively depend on the hydrogen input rate and the heat dissipation circulating water flow rate, and the formula (5) shows that the electricity and heat efficiency respectively are the ratio of the electricity and heat output to the input power, so that the connection between the external scheduling and the internal control model is established, the formula (4) -formula (5) shows that the hydrogen input rate and the heat dissipation circulating water flow rate at the moment are obtained while the scheduling output and the corresponding efficiency are solved, and the adjustment of the electricity and heat efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell is realized by controlling the two variables;
Figure BDA0002548787080000102
in the formula: f is a Faraday constant;
Figure BDA0002548787080000103
is the hydrogen input rate;
Figure BDA0002548787080000104
is hydrogen molar mass; enernstIs a Nernst voltage value ПactTo activate polarity overvoltage losses ПohmП is ohmic overvoltage lossconConcentration difference overvoltage loss; k is the heat exchange coefficient of the heat exchanger; s is the heat exchange area; v is a standard flow rate; vLThe low temperature side flow rate; vH2OThe flow rate of the heat dissipation circulating water is adopted; A. b is a flow velocity coefficient; t isHFCIs the temperature value of the electric pile; t isLMeasuring the water temperature value at low temperature;
③ mechanism of thermal-electric conversion:
considering that the electric load demand is higher than the heat load in some seasons or time periods, after the hydrogen fuel cell is introduced as a novel thermoelectric energy production source, the system heat source is richer, the system thermal output is excessive, and the organic Rankine cycle waste heat power generation has certain feasibility;
the physical structure of the organic Rankine cycle waste heat power generation mainly comprises a working medium circulation condenser, a working medium circulation pump, a preheater, an evaporator and a thermoelectric conversion steam turbine; the organic working medium absorbs heat from a waste heat source in the evaporator to generate high-temperature and high-pressure steam, the expander is pushed to rotate so as to drive the steam turbine to generate electricity, the generated exhaust gas enters the condenser to be cooled into liquid, and the liquid is pumped into the evaporator by the working medium pump to complete a cycle;
the cogeneration mechanism of hydrogen-containing fuel cell, gas turbine, and organic rankine cycle cogeneration is shown in fig. 4, in which the heat output power P of the hydrogen-containing fuel cell and gas turbine is adjustedHFCh、PGThIs subdivided into two parts, one PHFC2hlAnd PGT2hlDirectly supplying a heat load via a heat supply network, another part PHFC2ORCAnd PGT2ORCThe waste heat is input into an organic Rankine cycle waste heat power generation device as a waste heat source to generate electric energy, and the electric energy is superposed with the electric output power of a hydrogen fuel cell and a gas turbine to supply an electric load together;
the efficiency of the organic Rankine cycle waste heat power generation is mainly related to the characteristics of an organic working medium, the performance of a thermal power conversion device, the structural parameters of a system, the operating condition and the external environment, the effectiveness of optimizing thermoelectric coupling is considered, the efficiency is simplified into fixed efficiency, and an organic Rankine cycle waste heat power generation model is constructed according to the formula (6);
Figure BDA0002548787080000111
in the formula: pORCin,tThe input power value of the organic Rankine cycle waste heat power generation in the t period; pORC,tIs the output power value ηORCThe value is the waste heat power generation efficiency value; pORCmax、PORCminThe input power is an upper limit value and a lower limit value; delta PORCmax、ΔPORCminThe upper limit value and the lower limit value of the climbing slope are set;
step two, optimizing and scheduling a model of the regional comprehensive energy system:
an objective function:
the dispatching model provided by the invention aims at minimizing the operation cost of the regional comprehensive energy system, including the system energy purchasing cost CbuyAnd running maintenance cost CmaAnd energy loss cost ClossThree parts;
F＝min(Cbuy+Cma+Closs) (7)
the electricity purchasing cost takes into account a peak-valley time-of-use electricity price mechanism, and adopts a fixed gas price generally implemented at the present stage;
Figure BDA0002548787080000112
in the formula: t is a scheduling period; t is a unit scheduling time interval; rhoe,tThe unit electricity price of the superior power grid in the period t; rhogIs the unit price of natural gas; pebuy,tThe amount of power purchased from the upper level main network; vgbuy,tThe amount of natural gas purchased from the upper level main network;
the operation and maintenance cost is calculated as the formula (9);
Figure BDA0002548787080000121
in the formula: m isW、mEC、mMR、
Figure BDA0002548787080000122
mGT、mHFC、mORC、mGBThe unit maintenance costs of wind power, an electrolytic cell, a methane reactor, a hydrogen storage tank, a gas turbine, a hydrogen fuel cell, organic Rankine cycle waste heat power generation and a gas boiler are respectively set; pW,tThe power value is the wind power output power value in the time period t; pGT,tIs the gas turbine output power value; pGB,tThe output power value is the output power value of the gas boiler;
because the number of the units is large, energy loss inevitably exists in coupling links of various units, the number of the units is considerable, the comprehensive energy loss of electricity, gas and heat is uniformly converted into standard coal loss on the basis of the conversion relation between the heat value and the power, and the energy loss cost of a regional comprehensive energy system is measured by the standard coal loss cost;
Figure BDA0002548787080000123
in the formula: rhocoalIs the reference price per standard coal; II typeloss,tα is the total standard coal consumption of the comprehensive energy system in the t period regioneStandardizing the coal coefficient for electric energy αgα for gas energy to standard coal coefficienthThe standard coal coefficient is converted for the heat energy; pesup,tA supply-side electrical output power value; pgsup,tOutput power value for supply side gas; pel,tThe predicted value is the power of the electric load; pgl,tThe predicted value is the air load power; phl,tA predicted value of the thermal load power is obtained; qgasIs natural gas with low heat value;
constraint conditions:
the balance relation of the electricity, gas and heat power of the regional comprehensive energy system is given by the comprehensive supply side, the conversion side and the load side as shown in the formula (11);
Figure BDA0002548787080000124
the internal energy coupling link of the regional comprehensive energy system scheduling model comprises an electrolytic cell, a methane reactor and a hydrogen storage tank coupling part, and the input and output relations are as shown in formula (12); the coupling part of the hydrogen storage tank and the hydrogen fuel cell is shown as a formula (13); the gas turbine, the hydrogen fuel cell and the organic Rankine cycle waste heat power generation coupling part are shown as a formula (14);
Figure BDA0002548787080000125
Figure BDA0002548787080000126
Figure BDA0002548787080000127
in order to ensure the safe and stable operation of the upper level main network and reduce the regulation pressure of the upper level main network, the invention only takes the purchasing energy into consideration and does not consider selling energy;
Figure BDA0002548787080000131
in the formula: penetmaxThe method comprises the following steps of (1) providing an interactive upper limit value of a regional comprehensive energy system and a superior power grid; vgnetmaxIs the interaction upper limit value with the superior air network;
similar to a hydrogen fuel cell, the electrical efficiency of the gas turbine has a certain relation with the load factor from the external characteristic, can be represented by a cubic function of a per unit value of the electrical output power, and approximately considers that the total thermoelectric efficiency is constant within an error range allowed by scheduling, so that the thermoelectric efficiency constraint formula (16) of the gas turbine is constructed;
Figure BDA0002548787080000132
in the formula ηGTe,tη is the power generation efficiency value of the gas turbine in the period tGTh,tTo a heat production efficiency value; pGTrIs a rated electrical output power value; a isGT、bGT、cGT、dGTCoefficient of efficiency function ηGTmaxIs the maximum value of the total efficiency of thermoelectricity; pGTmax、PGTminThe input power is an upper limit value and a lower limit value; delta PGTmax、ΔPGTminThe upper limit value and the lower limit value of the climbing slope are set;
for internal characteristics, under the condition of given input power, the thermoelectric efficiency of the gas turbine can be adjusted by controlling the air inlet guide vane angle of the gas compressor and the air extraction proportion of the steam turbine, the relation between the thermoelectric efficiency and the air inlet guide vane angle and the air extraction proportion is established, the unit control variable at the moment can be obtained according to the input and output result of scheduling and the corresponding efficiency, the variable efficiency adjustment is realized, and the related calculation formula for adjusting the air inlet guide vane angle and the air extraction proportion is as shown in the formula (17);
Figure BDA0002548787080000133
in the formula α1、α2The front and rear air inlet guide vane angles are adjusted;
Figure BDA0002548787080000134
the flow coefficient before and after adjustment is obtained; q is the heat supply load of the steam turbine; m ishp、mip、mlpThe flow rates of the waste heat boiler are high, medium and low; r iscIs the air extraction proportion; h iscSpecific enthalpy of extracted steam;
the gas boiler is a reliable heat generating device of a regional comprehensive energy system, and when the cogeneration operation of the gas turbine and the hydrogen fuel cell cannot simultaneously satisfy the balance constraint of electricity and heat power, the energy balance of the system can be maintained by scheduling the output of the gas boiler;
Figure BDA0002548787080000135
in the formula: pGBin,tThe input power value of the gas boiler is t time period; pGB,tIs the output power value ηGBThe heating efficiency value is obtained; pGBmax、PGBminThe input power is an upper limit value and a lower limit value; delta PGBmax、ΔPGBminThe upper limit value and the lower limit value of the climbing slope are set;
the wind turbine generator outputs power according to the operation mode not greater than the predicted value;
0≤PW,t≤PWf,t(19)
in the formula: pWf,tThe predicted value of the wind power is t time period;
the second law of thermodynamics states that the utilization process of energy comprises two forms of work and heat, and in practical engineering, people pay more attention to the work which can be effectively utilized in the energy conversion process, the energy is useful energy after being dissipated in the form of heat, namely, the energy quality is gradually reduced along with the energy step conversion, so that the energy of different forms has the mass height besides the quantitative relation, and the property can be quantified by introducing an energy quality coefficient; the invention comprehensively considers two attributes of energy quantity and quality, the conversion side view is a black box, and the overall comprehensive energy utilization rate of the system is constrained as formulas (20) - (21);
Figure BDA0002548787080000141
ηen≥ηenmin(21)
in the formula: piout,tAn output power value of class i energy; pjin,tAn input power value of class j energy; m and n are a set of input and output energy types of the regional comprehensive energy system; lambda [ alpha ]e、λg、λh、λwEnergy quality coefficients of electric energy, natural gas, thermal circulating water and wind energy, ηenminAnd the lower limit value of the comprehensive energy utilization rate is set for meeting the energy supply efficiency index of the system.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
According to the unit coupling relation shown in fig. 1, the invention adopts a regional comprehensive energy system for coupling a 6-node power grid, a 6-node air grid and a 6-node heat supply network to construct an embodiment, and the calculation conditions of the embodiment are described as follows:
the scheduling period is 24 hours, and the unit scheduling time interval is 1 hour; the upper limit of the interaction power of the system and the upper-level power grid is 10000kW, and the upper limit of the interaction capacity of the system and the upper-level air grid is 2500m3(ii) a The electricity price is 0.9 yuan/kW.h in 11:00-15:00 peak time period, 19:00-21:00 peak time period, 0.55 yuan/kW.h in 7:00-10:00 peak time period, 16:00-18:00 peak time period and 22:00-23:00 ordinary time period, 0.18 yuan/kW.h in 0:00-6:00 valley time period, and the unit price of natural gas is 3.50 yuan/m3。
For comparative analysis of the utility of the scheduling method provided by the invention on optimizing the multi-energy coupling operation of the system, four scheduling schemes are set as follows:
scheme 1: gas-fired cogeneration;
scheme 2: on the basis of the scheme 1, adding electricity to convert gas;
scheme 3: on the basis of the scheme 2, adding a hydrogen fuel cell for cogeneration;
scheme 4: namely, the scheduling method provided by the invention is added with organic Rankine cycle waste heat power generation on the basis of the scheme 3.
Under the above calculation conditions, the method of the present invention is applied to optimize the thermoelectric output of the regional integrated energy system, and the scheduling result is as follows:
the electrolyzer output, methane reactor output and hydrogen storage tank input power are shown in figure 5. In the periods of 1:00-5:00 and 22:00-24:00 wind power high generation and low electricity price valley, the electric-to-gas output is large, and in other periods, the electric-to-gas output is not generated, so that the electric energy in the low-cost period is converted into energy in other forms to supply the load in the high-cost period. In the time period of 0:00-1:00, as the capacity of the hydrogen storage tank reaches the upper limit value, all the hydrogen prepared by the electrolytic cell is input into the methane reactor to prepare natural gas supply gas load, and the hydrogen prepared in most other time periods is directly stored in the hydrogen storage tank for the hydrogen fuel cell, compared with methanation, the energy loss caused by multi-stage conversion is reduced.
Fig. 6 shows the combined output curve of the hydrogen fuel cell, the gas turbine and the organic rankine cycle cogeneration in the variable efficiency mode of operation. The hydrogen fuel cell utilizes high output heat energy of hydrogen prepared by electricity gas conversion in 0:00-1:00 time period, and the thermal output of a gas turbine is at a low level at the time, because the heat supply cost of the hydrogen generated by electricity gas conversion is lower than that of the hydrogen purchased from an upper-level gas network. 11:00-14:00 and 18:00-21:00 are two peak periods of electric load, the hydrogen fuel cell mainly uses the electric output to meet the electric load demand, and simultaneously supplies a little heat load, and shares part of the output of the gas turbine. In other periods with higher hydrogen production cost, the system purchases gas from a superior gas network and performs heat and power cogeneration through a gas turbine, and the output of the hydrogen fuel cell is zero at the moment. In addition, during the peak period of the electric load, the heat output of the hydrogen fuel cell and the gas turbine is excessive, the organic Rankine cycle waste heat power generation is in high power generation, and a peak output of 2777kW appears, which shows that the waste heat power generation can further optimize the system thermoelectric coupling relation and has certain economical efficiency and feasibility.
The thermoelectric efficiency curve of the cogeneration unit when operating is as shown in fig. 7. The heat load is high and the electric load is low in the late night period, the hydrogen fuel cell and the gas turbine both operate in a high-heat-efficiency low-electric-efficiency mode, and the power is output in a high-electricity-low-heat efficiency mode in the morning and night electricity utilization peak periods. Because the gas turbine has a stable gas source, and the hydrogen energy supply of the hydrogen fuel cell is influenced by the converted gas, the thermoelectric efficiency curve of the gas turbine has gentle fluctuation and bears thermoelectric base charge, and the hydrogen fuel cell is used as a supplement balance between the output of the gas turbine and the thermoelectric load.
Table 1 lists the operating costs (dollars) and the integrated energy utilization (%) for the four scheduling schemes.
TABLE 1 operating costs for each case and comprehensive energy utilization
Figure BDA0002548787080000151
As can be seen from table 1, the scheduling method provided by the present invention has significantly reduced operation costs compared to the first 3 scheduling schemes, wherein the traditional cogeneration economy is most significantly improved compared to scheme 1, and the operation cost can be reduced by 6.7% in the variable efficiency operation mode. Meanwhile, with the improvement of the scheduling scheme, the comprehensive energy utilization rate is gradually improved, and compared with the former scheme, the comprehensive energy utilization rate is sequentially improved by 1.2%, 1.9% and 1.8% in a variable efficiency operation mode, and although energy cascade conversion can cause certain loss, the comprehensive energy utilization rate is still improved even if certain loss exists because the energy which is originally discarded is utilized.
In addition, the optimized scheduling method provided by the invention can effectively reduce the energy loss cost of the regional comprehensive energy system. The standard coal price is 0.6 yuan/kg, and the electricity, gas and heat standard coal coefficients are 0.123, 0.13 and 0.122 according to the heat value conversion relation, and the dimension is kg/kW.h. The energy loss cost of the thermoelectric unit in the variable efficiency and fixed efficiency operation modes is respectively 5800 yuan and 6692 yuan, which is equivalent to loss standard coal 9667kg and 11153kg, and the energy loss cost of the traditional cogeneration system in the variable efficiency and fixed efficiency operation modes is 6311 yuan and 7403 yuan. Compared with the traditional cogeneration system operating at fixed efficiency, 2672kg of standard coal can be saved each day.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in order to explain the present invention rather than to limit the scope of the claims, and it is intended that all such modifications and variations that fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention are possible and within the scope of the invention.

Claims (1)

1. A thermoelectric optimization scheduling method for a regional comprehensive energy system containing electricity to gas is characterized in that hydrogen storage is introduced in a water electrolysis hydrogen production link, high-grade use of hydrogen energy is promoted through cogeneration of a hydrogen fuel cell, energy gradient utilization loss caused by direct methanation is reduced, the hydrogen fuel cell and a gas turbine are optimized to variable-efficiency operation, a thermoelectric load situation is flexibly tracked through adjusting thermoelectric efficiency, organic Rankine cycle waste heat power generation is introduced to convert surplus heat output of the cogeneration into electric energy, and the thermoelectric coupling performance of the system is improved through a waste heat absorption promoting mode, and specifically the method comprises the following steps:
step one, a regional comprehensive energy system multipotency coupling mechanism:
electrical-to-gas conversion mechanism:
the electric gas conversion comprises two processes of electric hydrogen production and hydrogen methanation; introducing high-strength direct-current electrolyzed water into an electrolytic cell to generate hydrogen and oxygen, and storing part of the generated hydrogen in a hydrogen storage tank to supply the hydrogen to a hydrogen fuel cell for cogeneration when needed; the other part of hydrogen and carbon dioxide are reacted in a methane reactor by Sabatier to generate methane and water, and the prepared methane is directly injected into a natural gas network supply load or other gas turbine units;
the proton exchange membrane electrolyzed water has good chemical stability and higher conversion efficiency, is suitable for a comprehensive energy system in a region with limited space, and the conversion efficiency can be approximately represented by a quadratic function of a per unit value of input electric power; the methanation efficiency of hydrogen is mainly related to the hydrogen-carbon ratio, the catalyst performance, the reaction temperature and the reaction pressure, and because the methanation efficiency of hydrogen is taken as a fixed value approximately in the secondary stage of electric gas conversion, the electrolytic cell and the methane reactor model are constructed respectively as the formula (1) -the formula (2);
Figure FDA0002548787070000011
Figure FDA0002548787070000012
in the formula: pECin,tThe input power value of the electrolytic cell is t time period; pEC,tIs the output power value ηEC,tTo a conversion efficiency value; a isEC、bEC、cECIs an efficiency function coefficient; pECrIs a rated power value; pECmax、PECminThe input power is an upper limit value and a lower limit value; delta PECmax、ΔPECminThe upper and lower limit values for climbing; pMRin,tThe input power value of the methane reactor in the period t; pMR,tIs the output power value ηMRTo a conversion efficiency value; pMRmax、PMRminThe input power is an upper limit value and a lower limit value; delta PMRmax、ΔPMRminThe upper limit value and the lower limit value of the climbing slope are set;
hydrogen generated by water electrolysis is the only energy source for cogeneration of hydrogen fuel cells, a hydrogen storage tank can provide a stable and time-shiftable scheduling hydrogen source for the hydrogen fuel cells, hydrogen storage relates to physical processes such as compression-storage-recompression and the like, the input and output characteristics of the hydrogen fuel cells are mainly concerned in the scheduling aspect, loss generated in the compression process is abstracted by using storage and discharge efficiency, and thus a hydrogen storage tank model is constructed as the formula (3);
Figure FDA0002548787070000021
in the formula:
Figure FDA0002548787070000022
the storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank is t time period;
Figure FDA0002548787070000023
is the input power value;
Figure FDA0002548787070000024
is the output power value;
Figure FDA0002548787070000025
Figure FDA0002548787070000026
the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the hydrogen storage capacity are set;
Figure FDA0002548787070000027
the input power is an upper limit value and a lower limit value;
Figure FDA0002548787070000028
the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the output power are obtained;
Figure FDA0002548787070000029
is a hydrogen storage efficiency value;
Figure FDA00025487870700000210
is the hydrogen discharge efficiency value;
hydrogen-thermoelectric conversion mechanism:
the electricity-to-gas is refined into two-stage operation, the hydrogen fuel cell is introduced to directly realize the conversion of hydrogen energy to electricity and heat energy, the comprehensive utilization efficiency of electricity-to-gas is improved by utilizing the hydrogen energy at high grade, the heat supply capacity of the hydrogen fuel cell is further developed, the cogeneration performance is more efficiently exerted, and the electricity-hydrogen-thermoelectric energy coupling utilization scheme has more economic benefits;
the electricity generation principle is that the electric potential generated by the movement of electrons during the oxidation-reduction reaction is utilized, and the electric energy generated by the reactor reaction is transmitted to a power grid after being boosted by a DC/AC converter and a transformer; in the heat production process, a heat collecting device collects heat generated by reactor reaction loss, and backwater of a circulating thermodynamic system is heated through a heat exchanger, so that partial heat output of other heat supply units is shared, and combined heat load supply is realized;
as for external characteristics, the electrical efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell has a certain correlation with the load factor, and can be represented by a quintic function of the per unit value of the electrical output power, because the thermoelectric generation gives full play to the electrical and thermal characteristics of the hydrogen fuel cell, the total thermoelectric efficiency can be approximately considered to be equal to a certain value in the technical upper limit, so that when the electrical efficiency changes, the thermal efficiency also changes along with the change, and the external scheduling model of the hydrogen fuel cell is as formula (4);
Figure FDA00025487870700000211
in the formula: pHFCin,tThe input power value of the hydrogen fuel cell for a period t; pHFCe,tIs the electrical output power value; pHFCh,tHeat output power value ηHFCe,tη is the power generation efficiency valueHFCh,tTo a heat production efficiency value; pHFCrIs a rated electrical output power value; a isHFC、bHFC、cHFC、dHFC、eHFC、fHFCCoefficient of efficiency function ηHFCmaxIs the maximum value of the total efficiency of thermoelectricity; pHFCmax、PHFCminThe input power is an upper limit value and a lower limit value; delta PHFCmax、ΔPHFCminThe upper limit value and the lower limit value of the climbing slope are set;
from the internal characteristics, when the equipment parameters and the external environment are given, the electricity and heat output power of the hydrogen fuel cell respectively depend on the hydrogen input rate and the heat dissipation circulating water flow rate, and the formula (5) shows that the electricity and heat efficiency respectively are the ratio of the electricity and heat output to the input power, so that the connection between the external scheduling and the internal control model is established, the formula (4) -formula (5) shows that the hydrogen input rate and the heat dissipation circulating water flow rate at the moment are obtained while the scheduling output and the corresponding efficiency are solved, and the adjustment of the electricity and heat efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell is realized by controlling the two variables;
Figure FDA0002548787070000031
in the formula: f is a Faraday constant;
Figure FDA0002548787070000032
is the hydrogen input rate;
Figure FDA0002548787070000033
is hydrogen molar mass; enernstIs a Nernst voltage value ПactTo activate polarity overvoltage losses ПohmП is ohmic overvoltage lossconConcentration difference overvoltage loss; k is the heat exchange coefficient of the heat exchanger; s is the heat exchange area; v is a standard flow rate; vLThe low temperature side flow rate; vH2OThe flow rate of the heat dissipation circulating water is adopted; A. b is a flow velocity coefficient; t isHFCIs the temperature value of the electric pile; t isLMeasuring the water temperature value at low temperature;
③ mechanism of thermal-electric conversion:
considering that the electric load demand is higher than the heat load in some seasons or time periods, after the hydrogen fuel cell is introduced as a novel thermoelectric energy production source, the system heat source is richer, the system thermal output is excessive, and the organic Rankine cycle waste heat power generation has certain feasibility;
the physical structure of the organic Rankine cycle waste heat power generation mainly comprises a working medium circulation condenser, a working medium circulation pump, a preheater, an evaporator and a thermoelectric conversion steam turbine; the organic working medium absorbs heat from a waste heat source in the evaporator to generate high-temperature and high-pressure steam, the expander is pushed to rotate so as to drive the steam turbine to generate electricity, the generated exhaust gas enters the condenser to be cooled into liquid, and the liquid is pumped into the evaporator by the working medium pump to complete a cycle;
the heat output power P of hydrogen fuel cell and gas turbineHFCh、PGThIs subdivided into two parts, one PHFC2hlAnd PGT2hlDirectly supplying a heat load via a heat supply network, another part PHFC2ORCAnd PGT2ORCAs waste heat source to organic matterThe Rankine cycle waste heat power generation device regenerates electric energy, and the electric energy is superposed with the electric output power of the hydrogen fuel cell and the electric output power of the gas turbine to jointly supply electric load;
the efficiency of the organic Rankine cycle waste heat power generation is mainly related to the characteristics of an organic working medium, the performance of a thermal power conversion device, the structural parameters of a system, the operating condition and the external environment, the effectiveness of optimizing thermoelectric coupling is considered, the efficiency is simplified into fixed efficiency, and an organic Rankine cycle waste heat power generation model is constructed according to the formula (6);
Figure FDA0002548787070000041
in the formula: pORCin,tThe input power value of the organic Rankine cycle waste heat power generation in the t period; pORC,tIs the output power value ηORCThe value is the waste heat power generation efficiency value; pORCmax、PORCminThe input power is an upper limit value and a lower limit value; delta PORCmax、ΔPORCminThe upper limit value and the lower limit value of the climbing slope are set;
step two, optimizing and scheduling a model of the regional comprehensive energy system:
an objective function:
the dispatching model aims at the minimum operation cost of the regional comprehensive energy system, and comprises a system energy purchasing cost CbuyAnd running maintenance cost CmaAnd energy loss cost ClossThree parts;
F＝min(Cbuy+Cma+Closs) (7)
the electricity purchasing cost takes into account a peak-valley time-of-use electricity price mechanism, and adopts a fixed gas price generally implemented at the present stage;
Figure FDA0002548787070000042
in the formula: t is a scheduling period; t is a unit scheduling time interval; rhoe,tThe unit electricity price of the superior power grid in the period t; rhogIs the unit price of natural gas; pebuy,tThe amount of power purchased from the upper level main network; vgbuy,tIs a slave upper levelThe amount of natural gas purchased by the main network;
the operation and maintenance cost is calculated as the formula (9);
Figure FDA0002548787070000043
in the formula: m isW、mEC、mMR、
Figure FDA0002548787070000044
mGT、mHFC、mORC、mGBThe unit maintenance costs of wind power, an electrolytic cell, a methane reactor, a hydrogen storage tank, a gas turbine, a hydrogen fuel cell, organic Rankine cycle waste heat power generation and a gas boiler are respectively set; pW,tThe power value is the wind power output power value in the time period t; pGT,tIs the gas turbine output power value; pGB,tThe output power value is the output power value of the gas boiler;
because the number of the units is large, energy loss inevitably exists in coupling links of various units, the number of the units is considerable, the comprehensive energy loss of electricity, gas and heat is uniformly converted into standard coal loss on the basis of the conversion relation between the heat value and the power, and the energy loss cost of a regional comprehensive energy system is measured by the standard coal loss cost;
Figure FDA0002548787070000045
in the formula: rhocoalIs the reference price per standard coal; II typeloss,tα is the total standard coal consumption of the comprehensive energy system in the t period regioneStandardizing the coal coefficient for electric energy αgα for gas energy to standard coal coefficienthThe standard coal coefficient is converted for the heat energy; pesup,tA supply-side electrical output power value; pgsup,tOutput power value for supply side gas; pel,tThe predicted value is the power of the electric load; pgl,tThe predicted value is the air load power; phl,tA predicted value of the thermal load power is obtained; qgasIs natural gas with low heat value;
constraint conditions:
the balance relation of the electricity, gas and heat power of the regional comprehensive energy system is given by the comprehensive supply side, the conversion side and the load side as shown in the formula (11);
Figure FDA0002548787070000051
the internal energy coupling link of the regional comprehensive energy system scheduling model comprises an electrolytic cell, a methane reactor and a hydrogen storage tank coupling part, and the input and output relations are as shown in formula (12); the coupling part of the hydrogen storage tank and the hydrogen fuel cell is shown as a formula (13); the gas turbine, the hydrogen fuel cell and the organic Rankine cycle waste heat power generation coupling part are shown as a formula (14);
Figure FDA0002548787070000056
Figure FDA0002548787070000055
Figure FDA0002548787070000052
in order to ensure the safe and stable operation of the upper level main network and reduce the regulation pressure of the upper level main network, only the purchasing energy is taken into consideration and the selling energy is not taken into consideration;
Figure FDA0002548787070000053
in the formula: penetmaxThe method comprises the following steps of (1) providing an interactive upper limit value of a regional comprehensive energy system and a superior power grid; vgnetmaxIs the interaction upper limit value with the superior air network;
similar to a hydrogen fuel cell, the electrical efficiency of the gas turbine has a certain relation with the load factor from the external characteristic, can be represented by a cubic function of a per unit value of the electrical output power, and approximately considers that the total thermoelectric efficiency is constant within an error range allowed by scheduling, so that the thermoelectric efficiency constraint formula (16) of the gas turbine is constructed;
Figure FDA0002548787070000054
in the formula ηGTe,tη is the power generation efficiency value of the gas turbine in the period tGTh,tTo a heat production efficiency value; pGTrIs a rated electrical output power value; a isGT、bGT、cGT、dGTCoefficient of efficiency function ηGTmaxIs the maximum value of the total efficiency of thermoelectricity; pGTmax、PGTminThe input power is an upper limit value and a lower limit value; delta PGTmax、ΔPGTminThe upper limit value and the lower limit value of the climbing slope are set;
for internal characteristics, under the condition of given input power, the thermoelectric efficiency of the gas turbine can be adjusted by controlling the air inlet guide vane angle of the gas compressor and the air extraction proportion of the steam turbine, the relation between the thermoelectric efficiency and the air inlet guide vane angle and the air extraction proportion is established, the unit control variable at the moment can be obtained according to the input and output result of scheduling and the corresponding efficiency, the variable efficiency adjustment is realized, and the related calculation formula for adjusting the air inlet guide vane angle and the air extraction proportion is as shown in the formula (17);
Figure FDA0002548787070000061
in the formula α1、α2The front and rear air inlet guide vane angles are adjusted;
Figure FDA0002548787070000062
the flow coefficient before and after adjustment is obtained; q is the heat supply load of the steam turbine; m ishp、mip、mlpThe flow rates of the waste heat boiler are high, medium and low; r iscIs the air extraction proportion; h iscSpecific enthalpy of extracted steam;
the gas boiler is a reliable heat generating device of a regional comprehensive energy system, and when the cogeneration operation of the gas turbine and the hydrogen fuel cell cannot simultaneously satisfy the balance constraint of electricity and heat power, the energy balance of the system can be maintained by scheduling the output of the gas boiler;
Figure FDA0002548787070000063
in the formula: pGBin,tThe input power value of the gas boiler is t time period; pGB,tIs the output power value ηGBThe heating efficiency value is obtained; pGBmax、PGBminThe input power is an upper limit value and a lower limit value; delta PGBmax、ΔPGBminThe upper limit value and the lower limit value of the climbing slope are set;
the wind turbine generator outputs power according to the operation mode not greater than the predicted value;
0≤PW,t≤PWf,t(19) in the formula: pWf,tThe predicted value of the wind power is t time period;
the second law of thermodynamics states that the utilization process of energy comprises two forms of work and heat, and in practical engineering, the work which can be effectively utilized in the energy conversion process is emphasized, the energy is useful energy after being dissipated in the form of heat, namely, the energy quality is gradually reduced along with the energy step conversion, so that the energy of different forms has the mass height besides the quantitative relation, and the characteristic can be quantified by introducing an energy quality coefficient; the two attributes of energy quantity and quality are comprehensively considered, the conversion side view is changed into a black box, and the overall comprehensive energy utilization rate constraint of the system is given as a formula (20) -a formula (21);
Figure FDA0002548787070000064
ηen≥ηenmin(21)
in the formula: piout,tAn output power value of class i energy; pjin,tAn input power value of class j energy; m and n are a set of input and output energy types of the regional comprehensive energy system; lambda [ alpha ]e、λg、λh、λwEnergy quality coefficients of electric energy, natural gas, thermal circulating water and wind energy, ηenminAnd the lower limit value of the comprehensive energy utilization rate is set for meeting the energy supply efficiency index of the system.
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