CN112234632A - Seasonal hydrogen energy storage planning method - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
- H02J15/008—Systems for storing electric energy using hydrogen as energy vector
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/008—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks involving trading of energy or energy transmission rights
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/10—Power transmission or distribution systems management focussing at grid-level, e.g. load flow analysis, node profile computation, meshed network optimisation, active network management or spinning reserve management
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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Abstract
A seasonal hydrogen energy storage planning method comprises the steps of firstly analyzing key characteristics of flexible conversion, charge-discharge decoupling, polymorphic wide area transmission and the like of seasonal hydrogen energy storage, establishing an operation analysis and energy regulation model of the seasonal hydrogen energy storage, analyzing different requirements of a unified energy system on energy storage functions, formulating an energy storage complementary mechanism, taking an energy continuous deficiency longest time index as a seasonal hydrogen energy storage configuration basis, providing a configuration method of three links of seasonal hydrogen energy storage hydrogen production, hydrogen storage and hydrogen utilization, and ensuring that no long-time energy loss exists in the system after the seasonal hydrogen energy storage configuration; and finally, providing a seasonal hydrogen energy storage comprehensive evaluation method considering economy, reliability and environmental benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a seasonal hydrogen energy storage planning method.
Background
Seasonal energy storage supports long-time, large-scale and wide-area energy transfer in a space range, and is a key technology for dealing with long-time intermittence of energy supply of a high-proportion renewable energy system. The seasonal hydrogen energy storage system has various structures, hydrogen storage modes and energy conversion and utilization modes, and has better benefit in large-scale and long-time energy storage.
The mainstream large-scale hydrogen energy storage modes at present comprise: (1) a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank; (2) storing gaseous hydrogen in the salt cavern; (3) storing hydrogen in a pipeline; (4) LOHC. Wherein, the ground high-pressure hydrogen storage is restricted by the characteristics of the hydrogen storage tank material, the storage pressure is generally not more than 10MPa, and the large-scale hydrogen storage occupies large space and has high investment cost; underground salt cavern hydrogen storage is applied in the industrial field in a large scale, but the method is restricted by geological conditions and cannot be applied to all regions, and the method has no space transportation property. The pipeline storage comprises natural gas and hydrogen pipeline storage, wherein the natural gas pipeline hydrogen storage is considered to be the most economical and effective choice for storing hydrogen on a large scale, hydrogen is directly mixed into a natural gas pipeline and is sent to a heat load to replace natural gas for combustion and heat supply, the consumption space of clean energy is improved, and the carbon emission is reduced. Research shows that the theoretical hydrogen-loading volume ratio of the gas pipe network can be up to more than 20%, and the hydrogen-loading volume ratio of the urban gas pipe network can be not less than 2-5% under the constraint condition that the user experience is not obviously influenced. Under the conditions of pressure and diameter of the existing natural gas pipeline, about 12 tons of hydrogen can be stored in each kilometer of pipeline, and the pipeline transportation cost is about 0.006 to 0.02 yuan per gram (kg per km)-1。
At present, many researches have been carried out to verify the feasibility of a renewable energy source coupled hydrogen energy storage system in the aspects of economy, reliability, environmental protection and the like, and the structures, optimization methods and evaluation indexes of the discussed hydrogen energy systems are different. However, at present, researches on optimizing the performance and capacity of a kW-level grid-connected or off-grid type renewable energy coupling hydrogen energy system are mostly carried out, researches on large-scale and long-time seasonal hydrogen energy storage of megawatt level and over hundred megawatt level are mostly concentrated on a hydrogen storage body technology, and a planning paradigm of seasonal hydrogen energy storage for supporting the essential cleanness and reliable operation of a unified energy system of new energy electricity-hydrogen storage coupling carbon chemical engineering cycle is not formed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a seasonal hydrogen energy storage planning method. The seasonal hydrogen energy storage planning method comprises the following steps:
1. firstly, analyzing the basic structure, hydrogen storage mode and operation mode of a hydrogen energy storage system and the key characteristics of seasonal hydrogen energy storage;
the key characteristics of seasonal hydrogen energy storage are as follows:
(1) flexible conversion; the seasonal hydrogen energy storage system has the following four structures: P2H- -HES- -H2P, P2H- -HES- -H2T, P2H- -HES- -H2G, P2H- -HES- -H2H, can be directly converted into energy substances such as electric energy, heat energy, natural gas and the like: P2H is the conversion of electric energy into hydrogen energy, HES is a hydrogen storage link, H2P is the conversion of hydrogen energy into electric energy, H2G is the conversion of hydrogen energy into gas energy, H2H is the conversion of hydrogen energy into hydrogen energy, and H2T is the conversion of hydrogen energy into heat energy;
(2) charging and discharging decoupling; different from electrochemical energy storage, three links of hydrogen energy storage, hydrogen production, hydrogen storage and hydrogen use can be operated in a decoupling mode, and hydrogen production and hydrogen use can be configured in a decoupling mode without time-sharing operation: the rated power requirement, the hydrogen storage capacity requirement and the H2X rated power requirement of the hydrogen production equipment are not restricted, and H2X is hydrogen energy conversion equipment;
(3) a polymorphic wide area transmission.
2. Establishing an operation analysis model of seasonal hydrogen energy storage;
the electrolytic bath of seasonal hydrogen energy storage input end equipment has good wide-range adaptability to the fluctuation characteristic of the electric energy power of new energy, and can generally fluctuate and operate within the range of 10% -100% of rated power; seasonal hydrogen energy storage output end equipment such as a fuel cell, a hydrogen gas turbine, a hydrogen source boiler and other hydrogen energy conversion equipment has the capability of quickly responding and outputting electricity, heat, gas and hydrogen, time-sharing operation is not needed in the input and output processes, and a unified energy system is supported to operate flexibly. The operation process of the seasonal hydrogen energy storage supporting unified energy system can be described in a refined mode by adopting a generalized energy-material flow matrix, and the general energy-material flow matrix is shown as a formula (1).
In the formula, the output matrix O comprises an energy output matrix H and a substance output matrix F; the input matrix I comprises an energy input matrix L and a substance input matrix U; the coupling matrix Z comprises an energy-energy coupling matrix ZθSubstance-energy coupling matrix zτEnergy-substance coupling matrix zπWith substance-substance coupling matrix zψRespectively reflecting four input and output relations of energy-energy, substance-energy, energy-substance and substance-substance in the unified energy system, wherein the storage matrix S comprises a hydrogen energy storage vector S participating in energy conversion1Hydrogen energy storage vector S involved in substance production2. The unified energy system refers to a new energy electricity-hydrogen storage coupling carbon chemical industry cycle unified energy system.
3. Establishing a seasonal hydrogen energy storage energy regulation and control model;
the energy regulation model of seasonal hydrogen energy storage is as follows:
Enet(t)＝Esource(t)-Eload(t) (2)
in equations (2) and (3), the energy supply E at time t is definedsource(t) and energy requirement Eload(t) difference Enet(t) is net energy; when supply is greater than demand, the net energy is greater than zero, denoted as Enet +(t), representing an energy surplus; when supply is less than demand is denoted as Enet -(t), energy deficiency.
In the formula (4), SOH (t)SOH (t +1) represents the hydrogen storage mass at time t and the hydrogen storage mass at time t +1, eta, respectively1Efficiency, η, for conversion of electrical energy into hydrogen energyxThe efficiency of converting hydrogen energy into X is shown, wherein X represents electricity, heat, gas and hydrogen, and is the energy type shown by X, and delta t is the hydrogen energy charge-discharge time interval; enet +(t) represents an energy margin, Enet -(t) represents energy deficit.
0≤SOH(t)≤SOHmax (5)
SOH(0)＝SOH(T) (7)
In the formulae (5), (6) and (7), SOH (t) represents the hydrogen storage mass at time t, SOH,maxrepresents the maximum hydrogen storage mass, vHS,in(t) represents the rate of hydrogen injection at time t, vHS,out(t) represents the rate v of hydrogen output at time tHS,in minRepresents the lower limit of the hydrogen injection rate, vHS,out minRepresents the lower limit of the hydrogen output rate, vHS,in maxDenotes the upper limit of the hydrogen injection rate, vHS,out maxShows the upper limit of hydrogen output, SOH (0) is the hydrogen storage mass at the initial time of 1 charge-discharge cycle, SOH (T) is the hydrogen storage mass at the end time of 1 charge-discharge cycle, and T shows the end time of charge-discharge cycle.
4. Analyzing the requirement of the unified energy system on energy storage, and formulating an energy storage complementary mechanism;
the demand of the unified energy system on energy storage can be divided according to time scale in a gradient manner, short-time power type energy storage electrochemistry of lithium batteries, super capacitors and the like with continuous charging and discharging time within M hours mainly completes daily peak regulation or frequency regulation service, the demand of energy regulation within M hours or longer time needs to depend on seasonal hydrogen energy storage, namely the unified energy system has no continuous energy loss within M hours or more after the seasonal hydrogen energy storage is added, and the demand is shown in formulas (8) to (10). Meanwhile, the maximum missing energy does not exceed the capacity of the short-time power type energy storage, so the planning of the short-time power type energy storage capacity is shown in the formulas (11) to (13).
In the formulae (8), (9), (10), T-Set representing periods of sustained absence of energy from a unified energy system, t- 1，t- 2，t- IRespectively 1 st, 2 nd and I th energy loss periods, T- maxIndicating the longest period of energy loss, TMAnd the maximum continuous energy supply time of the short-time energy storage is represented.
MESD＝min{ESD0，ESD1，…，ESDI} (12)
|MESD|≤QM (13)
In formulae (11), (12), (13), Enet -(t) represents the energy missing at time t, t0And t1An initial time and an end time of the energy loss period, ESD respectively0,ESD1,ESDiRespectively at 0-1 time interval, 1-2 time intervals and ti-1～tiThe energy of the period missing, i represents the ith energy duration missing period, K represents the total number of energy missing periods, MESD represents the maximum value of the energy duration missing, QMIs a short-time power type energy storage capacity.
5. Configuring seasonal hydrogen energy storage based on the energy storage complementary mechanism formulated in the step 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step (ii) of(1): determining a simulation calculation period T, inputting source and load data with a time interval of 1 hour, and generating a net energy data sequence E according to a formula (2) by taking M hours as an intervalnet,m；
Step (2): calculating the sequence E according to the formula (14) and the formula (15)net,mThe maximum continuous surplus energy MESS and the last time of the period is set as the initial time of energy storage, namely SOH (0) to SOHmax；
MESS＝max{ESS0，ESS1，…，ESSn} (15)
In formulae (14) and (15), E+ net(t) is the energy surplus at time t, t0And t1Respectively an initial time and an end time of the energy surplus period, ESS0，ESS1，ESSnRespectively, time interval 0-1, time interval 1-2 and time interval tn-1～tnThe surplus energy, N represents the nth energy surplus period, and N represents the total number of energy surplus periods. MESS represents the maximum value of the energy persistence margin.
And (3): simulating a hydrogen storage state according to the formula (4), and calculating the hydrogen storage capacity requirement according to the formula (16);
SOHp＝SOHmax-min{SOH} (16)
in formula (16), SOHpTo meet the hydrogen storage quality without continuous energy loss of M hours and above, SOHmaxRepresents the maximum continuous abundant energy, SOH is the hydrogen storage state vector, and min { SOH } represents the minimum value of the hydrogen storage state vector.
Based on this, the specific steps of the configuration of the electric hydrogen conversion device P2H and the hydrogen conversion device H2X are as follows:
and (4): generating an energy surplus sequence E at intervals of 1 hour+ net.ΔtSetting the rated power of the electric energy to hydrogen energy P2H as m, namely PP2H＝m；
And (5): with PP2HThe hydrogen production sequence H generated for the upper limit of the operation of the electrolytic bath is shown as the formula (17),wherein the operating power PP2H(t) is not more than the rated power, k1Is the coefficient of electrohydrogen production, t1And tnAn energy surplus period 1 and an energy surplus period n, respectively.
H＝{k1PP2H(t1),k1PP2H(t2),…k1PP2H(tn)} (17)
And (6): judging whether the total hydrogen production is equal to SOHpIf the total amount of hydrogen production is equal to SOHpThen P isP2HM; if the total hydrogen production is less than or greater than SOH, then PP2HM + Δ m or PP2HAnd (5) executing step (5), wherein m represents an initial value set by the iterative optimization of the operating power of the electric energy-to-hydrogen energy, and Δ m is an iteration step length in the iterative optimization process of the operating power of the electrohydrogen production.
And (7): at intervals of M hours, an energy-deficient sequence E was generated- net,m，MESD＝min{E- net,mMESD represents the maximum value of the sustained absence of energy;
and (8): rated power P of hydrogen conversion device H2X configurationH2XThe calculation formula is shown in formula (18).
PH2X＝MESD/M (18)
In the formula (18), MESD represents the maximum value of the energy persistence loss, and M represents the energy loss time.
6. Comprehensively evaluating the configured seasonal hydrogen energy storage, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the comprehensive evaluation of seasonal hydrogen energy storage is mainly carried out from three aspects of economy, environmental benefit and reliability. Wherein, the economic evaluation index is the annual average cost, which is shown in the formula (20). The environmental benefit is that the renewable energy development scale is supported, and the emission reduction benefit of fossil energy utilization is reduced, as shown in formula (25); the reliability is mainly embodied in the way that the long-time energy supply abundance in the system is ensured, and the energy deficiency is reduced, as shown in formulas (8) to (13).
fATC＝Cacc+Co&m (20)
In the formula (f)ATCOptimizing target annual average for economyCost, CaccAnnual average investment cost for seasonal hydrogen storage, Co&mThe seasonal hydrogen energy storage annual average operation and maintenance cost is reduced.
CRF＝(j(1+j)r)/((1+j)r-1) (21)
In the formulas (21), (22) and (23), CRF is the return on investment, r is the seasonal energy storage planning period, and j is the annual rate. Cinv lRespectively the unit investment cost of the equipment l; l is a set of equipment comprising an electrolytic cell P2H, hydrogen storage HES and hydrogen conversion equipment H2X; l represents the number of devices, PlRated power or hydrogen storage quality planned for the plant l.
In the formula (24), Hl(t) is the operation and maintenance cost of the equipment l in the period t, including the start-stop cost and the operation and maintenance cost of the equipment l, Cl o&mFor the operation and maintenance cost of the device l in the period t,
the starting cost of the device l in the time period t; gamma rayl(t) Start-stop of plant l,. gammal(t) equal to 1 indicates start-up,. gammal(t) equal to 0 indicates shutdown; deltal(t) represents the operating state of the plant l, δl(t) equal to 0 means that the plant l is in a standstill, δl(t) equal to 1 indicates that the device l is in operation; n is a radical ofl hrThe cycle life of the device l.
fen＝c·SOHp (25)
In the formula (25), fenIs a seasonThe energy-saving hydrogen storage supports the development scale of renewable energy sources, reduces the emission reduction benefit of fossil energy utilization, and is a function of hydrogen storage quality; SOHpIn order to satisfy the hydrogen storage capacity without continuous energy loss of M hours or more, c is the emission reduction benefit of 1kg of hydrogen per storage.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a seasonal hydrogen energy storage planning process;
FIG. 2 is an electrical load curve for industrial hydrogen production;
FIG. 3a is a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle equivalent cycle electrical load curve, and FIG. 3b is a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle equivalent year electrical load curve;
FIG. 4a is a daily electric load curve of electric heating, and FIG. 4b is an annual electric load curve of electric heating;
FIG. 5a is a daily load curve of electricity used in other fields, and FIG. 5b is an annual load curve of electricity used in other fields;
fig. 6a shows a horizontal year planned in the demonstration area, a hydroelectric power output curve, fig. 6b shows a horizontal year planned in the demonstration area, a photovoltaic power output curve, fig. 6c shows a horizontal year planned in the demonstration area, a wind power output curve, fig. 6d shows a horizontal year planned in the demonstration area, and a load curve.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
The seasonal hydrogen energy storage planning method comprises the following steps:
1. firstly, carrying out seasonal hydrogen energy storage key characteristic analysis;
2. establishing an operation analysis model of seasonal hydrogen energy storage;
3. establishing a seasonal hydrogen energy storage energy regulation and control model;
4. analyzing the requirement of the unified energy system on energy storage, and formulating an energy storage complementary mechanism;
5. configuring seasonal hydrogen energy storage based on the energy storage complementary mechanism established in the step 4;
6. and comprehensively evaluating the configured seasonal hydrogen energy storage.
The seasonal hydrogen energy storage planning method of the invention is described below by taking a certain unified energy system demonstration area to be built as an example.
(1) Firstly, the current situations of energy and load in a demonstration area of a unified energy system are analyzed, and the basic structure, the hydrogen storage mode and the operation mode of the hydrogen energy storage system are determined.
1. Hydrogen load
The demonstration area is provided with a synthetic ammonia processing plant with the annual hydrogen demand of 264550 tons, a petroleum and petrochemical refinery with the annual hydrogen demand of 15 ten thousand tons per year and 500 tons, and the annual hydrogen demand is 265050 tons for meeting the industrial production in the demonstration area. The hydrogen production efficiency is 4.5kW/Nm by adopting the alkaline electrolytic cell to produce hydrogen3Average power load of industrial hydrogen production is 1577.69MW, and consumed power is 1.382 x 107MWh/year. The production process of the synthetic ammonia and petroleum refining has production flexibility, the fluctuation range of the hydrogen load is 95-105%, the fluctuation rule is in accordance with normal distribution, and the industrial hydrogen production and power load curve of the demonstration area is shown in figure 2.
The exemplary region predicts 1000 hydrogen fuel cell vehicles to be launched to the planned horizontal year: toyota Mirai Hydrogen Fuel cell vehicle: the total capacity of the hydrogen storage bottle is 122.4L/4.92kg, the driving range is 650km, the average driving range is 80 km per day, the equivalent cycle electrical load and annual electrical load curve of the hydrogen fuel cell automobile is shown in figures 3a and 3b, and the electricity demand is increased by 1.145 x 10 as the hydrogen fuel cell automobile is put in4MWh/year.
2. Thermal load
By the planning horizontal year, the total heating area of the demonstration area reaches 45 ten thousand square meters, the heating mode is centralized electric heating, the heating season is from 10 and 15 days per year to 4 and 15 days per year, and the daily and annual electric load curves of the electric heating are shown in fig. 4a and 4 b.
3. Natural gas load
The demonstration area originally adopts natural gas to generate electricity and supply heat, the natural gas load is 0 after the unified energy system is built, and only a natural gas pipeline is utilized to store hydrogen. The total length of the natural gas pipeline in the demonstration area is 2424 kilometers, each kilometer of the natural gas pipeline stores 12 tons of hydrogen, and the upper limit of the calculated hydrogen storage volume is 3.3713 hundred million Nm3If the storage space is insufficient, the area adjacent to the city pipe network can be further utilized for storage, and the hydrogen storage space is more than 7 hundred million Nm3。
4. Other electrical loads
The forecast curves of the power utilization days and the annual load in other fields of the planning horizontal year and the demonstration area are shown in fig. 5a and 5 b.
5. Planning horizontal year source-load situation
Table 1 shows the installation situation of the power supply in the planning horizontal demonstration area, and fig. 6a, fig. 6b, fig. 6c, and fig. 6d are the water, light, wind power output and load curves of the planning horizontal year demonstration area, respectively.
TABLE 1 Power supply architecture
Tab.1Power structure
As can be seen from FIGS. 6a to 6d, the water and electricity have strong seasonality, small output in spring and large output in summer, autumn and winter; compared with wind power, the photovoltaic output is less intermittent; the average electric load in the heating season is obviously higher than that in other seasons.
(2) Based on the established operation model and the regulation model, an energy storage complementary mechanism is considered, seasonal hydrogen energy storage is optimally configured, and the unified energy system is ensured not to have energy loss for more than 6 hours after the seasonal hydrogen energy storage is configured.
Calculating the planned hydrogen storage capacity of the unified energy system according to the seasonal hydrogen storage configuration steps (1) to (3) to be 3.9516 billion Nm3In time, the unified energy system has no continuous energy loss for more than 6 hours.
And (4) calculating according to the seasonal energy storage configuration steps (4) to (8) to obtain rated power of the electrolytic cell and the fuel cell of 358MW and 495.8 MW. The seasonal hydrogen energy storage operation modes include the following two modes: (1) the operation mode of surplus electric energy, electrolytic cell hydrogen production, hydrogen storage and hydrogen load needs to be provided with an electrolytic cell 141.89MW and hydrogen storage 1.1391 hundred million Nm3. (2) The operation mode of surplus electric energy, electrolytic cell hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, fuel cell power generation and electric load needs to be provided with an electrolytic cell 216.11MW and hydrogen storage 1.7349Nm3And fuel cell 495.8 MW.
Claims (5)
1. A seasonal hydrogen energy storage planning method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) firstly, the basic structure, the hydrogen storage mode, the operation mode and the key characteristics of seasonal hydrogen energy storage of a hydrogen energy storage system are carried out: flexible conversion, charge-discharge decoupling and polymorphic wide-area transmission analysis;
(2) establishing an operation analysis model of seasonal hydrogen energy storage; the operation process of the seasonal hydrogen energy storage supporting unified energy system is described in a refined mode by adopting a generalized energy-material flow matrix, and the formula (1) is as follows:
in the formula, the output matrix O comprises an energy output matrix H and a substance output matrix F; the input matrix I comprises an energy input matrix L and a substance input matrix U; the coupling matrix Z comprises an energy-energy coupling matrix ZθSubstance-energy coupling matrix zτEnergy-substance coupling matrix zπWith substance-substance coupling matrix zψRespectively reflecting four input and output relations of energy-energy, substance-energy, energy-substance and substance-substance in the unified energy system, wherein the storage matrix S comprises a hydrogen energy storage vector S participating in energy conversion1Hydrogen energy storage vector S involved in substance production2；
(3) Establishing a seasonal hydrogen energy storage energy regulation and control model;
(4) analyzing the requirement of the unified energy system on energy storage, and formulating an energy storage complementary mechanism;
(5) configuring seasonal hydrogen energy storage based on the energy storage complementary mechanism established in the step (4);
(6) and comprehensively evaluating the configured seasonal hydrogen energy storage.
2. The planning method according to claim 1, wherein the seasonal hydrogen energy storage energy regulation model established in the step (3) is as follows:
Enet(t)＝Esource(t)-Eload(t) (2)
in equations (2) and (3), the energy supply E at time t is definedsource(t) and energy requirement Eload(t) difference Enet(t) is net energy; when supply is greater than demand, the net energy is greater than zero, denoted as Enet +(t), representing an energy surplus; when supply is less than demand is denoted as Enet -(t), representing energy deficit;
in the formula (4), SOH (t +1) respectively represent the hydrogen storage mass at time t and the hydrogen storage mass at time t +1, eta1Efficiency, η, for conversion of electrical energy into hydrogen energyxThe efficiency of converting hydrogen energy into X is shown, wherein X represents electricity, heat, gas and hydrogen, and is the energy type shown by X, and delta t is the hydrogen energy charge-discharge time interval; enet +(t) represents an energy margin, Enet -(t) represents energy deficit;
0≤SOH(t)≤SOHmax (5)
SOH(0)＝SOH(T) (7)
in the formulae (5), (6) and (7), SOH (t) represents the hydrogen storage mass at time t, SOH,maxrepresents the maximum hydrogen storage mass, vHS,in(t) represents the rate of hydrogen injection at time t, vHS,out(t) represents the rate v of hydrogen output at time tHS,in minRepresents the lower limit of the hydrogen injection rate, vHS,out minRepresents the lower limit of the hydrogen output rate, vHS,in maxDenotes the upper limit of the hydrogen injection rate, vHS,out maxRepresenting the upper limit of hydrogen output, SOH (0) is the hydrogen storage mass at the initial time of 1 charge-discharge cycle, SOH (T)) Is the hydrogen storage mass at the end of 1 charge-discharge cycle, and T represents the end of the charge-discharge cycle.
3. The planning method according to claim 1, wherein the step (4) analyzes the demand of the unified energy system for energy storage, and the energy storage complementation mechanism is formulated as follows;
the demand of the unified energy system on energy storage is divided according to time scale in a gradient manner, short-time power type energy storage electrochemistry of a lithium battery, a super capacitor and the like with continuous charging and discharging time within M hours mainly completes daily peak regulation or frequency regulation service, the demand of energy regulation within M hours or longer time needs to depend on seasonal hydrogen energy storage, namely the unified energy system has no continuous energy loss within M hours or more after the seasonal hydrogen energy storage is added, and the demand is shown in formulas (8) to (10); meanwhile, the maximum missing energy does not exceed the capacity of the short-time power type energy storage, so that the planning of the short-time power type energy storage capacity is shown as the following formulas (11) to (13):
in the formulae (8), (9), (10), T-Set representing periods of sustained absence of energy from a unified energy system, t- 1，t- 2，t- IRespectively 1 st, 2 nd and I th energy loss periods, T- maxIndicating the longest period of energy loss, TMRepresenting the maximum continuous energy supply time of short-time energy storage;
MESD＝min{ESD0，ESD1，…，ESDI} (12)
|MESD|≤QM (13)
in formulae (11), (12), (13), Enet -(t) represents the energy missing at time t, t0And t1An initial time and an end time of the energy loss period, ESD respectively0,ESD1,ESDiRespectively at 0-1 time interval, 1-2 time intervals and ti-1～tiThe energy of the period missing, i represents the ith energy duration missing period, K represents the total number of energy missing periods, MESD represents the maximum value of the energy duration missing, QMIs a short-time power type energy storage capacity.
4. The planning method according to claim 1, wherein the energy storage complementation mechanism set in step (5) configures seasonal hydrogen energy storage method as follows:
step (1): determining a simulation calculation period T, inputting source and load data with a time interval of 1 hour, and generating a net energy data sequence E according to a formula (2) by taking M hours as an intervalnet,m；
Step (2): calculating the sequence E according to the formula (14) and the formula (15)net,mThe maximum continuous surplus energy MESS and the last time of the period is set as the initial time of energy storage, namely SOH (0) to SOHmax；
MESS＝max{ESS0，ESS1，…，ESSn} (15)
In formulae (14) and (15), E+ net(t) is the energy surplus at time t, t0And t1Respectively an initial time and an end time of the energy surplus period, ESS0，ESS1，ESSnRespectively, time periods 0-1, time periods 1-2 andtime period tn-1～tnSurplus energy, N represents the nth energy surplus time period, and N represents the total number of energy surplus time periods; MESS represents the maximum value of the energy persistence margin;
and (3): simulating a hydrogen storage state according to the formula (4), and calculating the hydrogen storage capacity requirement according to the formula (16);
SOHp＝SOHmax-min{SOH} (16)
in formula (16), SOHpTo meet the hydrogen storage quality without continuous energy loss of M hours and above, SOHmaxRepresenting the maximum continuous abundant energy, SOH is a hydrogen storage state vector, and min { SOH } represents the minimum value of the hydrogen storage state vector;
based on this, the specific steps of the configuration of the electric hydrogen conversion device P2H and the hydrogen conversion device H2X are as follows:
and (4): generating an energy surplus sequence E at intervals of 1 hour+ net.ΔtSetting the rated power of the electric energy to hydrogen energy P2H as m, namely PP2H＝m；
And (5): with PP2HThe hydrogen production sequence H generated for the upper operation limit of the electrolytic cell is shown as the formula (17), wherein the operation power PP2H(t) is not more than the rated power, k1Is the coefficient of electrohydrogen production, t1And tnRespectively an energy surplus time period 1 and an energy surplus time period n;
H＝{k1PP2H(t1),k1PP2H(t2),…k1PP2H(tn)} (17)
and (6): judging whether the total hydrogen production is equal to SOHpIf the total amount of hydrogen production is equal to SOHpThen P isP2HM; if the total hydrogen production is less than or greater than SOH, then PP2HM + Δ m or PP2HM- Δ m, wherein m represents an initial value set by iterative optimization of the operating power of the electric energy-to-hydrogen energy, and Δ m is an iteration step length in the iterative optimization process of the operating power of the electrohydrogen production, and the step (5) is executed;
and (7): at intervals of M hours, an energy-deficient sequence E was generated- net,m，MESD＝min{E- net,m}, MESD denotes energy persistenceThe maximum value of the deletion;
and (8): rated power P of hydrogen conversion device H2X configurationH2XThe calculation formula is shown in formula (18):
PH2X＝MESD/M (18)
in the formula (18), MESD represents the maximum value of the energy persistence loss, and M represents the energy loss time.
5. The planning method of claim 1, wherein the step (6) of comprehensively evaluating the configured seasonal hydrogen storage energy comprises the following steps:
comprehensive evaluation of seasonal hydrogen energy storage is mainly carried out from three aspects of economy, environmental benefit and reliability; wherein the economic evaluation index is the annual average cost, which is shown as a formula (20); the environmental benefit is that the renewable energy development scale is supported, and the emission reduction benefit of fossil energy utilization is reduced, as shown in formula (25); the reliability is mainly embodied in the way that the long-time energy supply abundance in the system is ensured, and the energy deficiency is reduced, as shown in formulas (8) to (13);
fATC＝Cacc+Co&m (20)
in the formula (f)ATCOptimizing target annual average cost for economics, CaccAnnual average investment cost for seasonal hydrogen storage, Co&mAnnual average operation and maintenance cost for seasonal hydrogen energy storage;
CRF＝(j(1+j)r)/((1+j)r-1) (21)
in the formulas (21), (22) and (23), CRF is the return on investment, r is the seasonal energy storage planning period, and j is the annual rate; cinv lRespectively the unit investment cost of the equipment l; l is a set of equipment comprising an electrolytic cell P2H, hydrogen storage HES and hydrogen conversion equipment H2X; l represents the number of devices, PlA rated power or hydrogen storage quality planned for the plant L;
in the formula (24), Hl(t) is the operation and maintenance cost of the equipment l in the period t, including the start-stop cost and the operation and maintenance cost of the equipment l,
for the operation and maintenance cost of the device l in the period t,
the starting cost of the device l in the time period t; gamma rayl(t) Start-stop of plant l,. gammal(t) equal to 1 indicates start-up,. gammal(t) equal to 0 indicates shutdown; deltal(t) represents the operating state of the plant l, δl(t) equal to 0 means that the plant l is in a standstill, δl(t) equal to 1 indicates that the device l is in operation;
is the cycle life of the device l;
fen＝c·SOHp (25)
in the formula (25), fenSupporting renewable energy development scale for seasonal hydrogen energy storage, reducing the emission reduction benefits of fossil energy utilization, as a function of hydrogen storage quality; SOHpIn order to satisfy the hydrogen storage capacity without continuous energy loss of M hours or more, c is the emission reduction benefit of 1kg of hydrogen per storage.
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