CN113629881B - Hydrogen energy storage system with heat balance maintaining capability and optimization method - Google Patents

Hydrogen energy storage system with heat balance maintaining capability and optimization method Download PDF

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CN113629881B
CN113629881B CN202110837981.5A CN202110837981A CN113629881B CN 113629881 B CN113629881 B CN 113629881B CN 202110837981 A CN202110837981 A CN 202110837981A CN 113629881 B CN113629881 B CN 113629881B
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fuel cell
energy
hydrogen
heat
electrolytic
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CN113629881A (en
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司杨
梅生伟
陈来军
高梦宇
麻林瑞
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Qinghai University
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Qinghai University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/22—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H02J2203/10—Power transmission or distribution systems management focussing at grid-level, e.g. load flow analysis, node profile computation, meshed network optimisation, active network management or spinning reserve management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
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    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/30—The power source being a fuel cell
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    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract

The invention provides a hydrogen energy storage system with heat balance maintaining capability and an optimization method, wherein the system comprises the following components: an energy management unit, an electrolysis cell, a fuel cell and a thermal energy circulation loop; the output end of the energy management unit is connected with the electrolytic tank; the electrolytic tank is connected with the fuel cell; the fuel cell is connected with the input end of the energy management unit; the heat energy circulation loop is respectively connected with the electrolytic tank and the fuel cell; wherein the electrolytic cell converts the electric energy transmitted by the energy management unit into hydrogen energy; the fuel cell converts hydrogen energy into electric energy and supplies power to an electric load through the energy management unit; the thermal energy circulation loop is used for realizing circulation transfer of thermal energy between the electrolytic tank and the fuel cell. The invention realizes peak regulation service by configuring the electrolytic tank and the fuel cell to absorb and emit power and providing positive and negative standby for a new energy field.

Description

Hydrogen energy storage system with heat balance maintaining capability and optimization method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy, in particular to a hydrogen energy storage system with heat balance maintaining capability and an optimization method.
Background
In recent years, new energy industries typified by wind energy and photovoltaic have been rapidly developed. Along with the change of world energy production and consumption patterns, a novel power system mainly taking new energy sources becomes an important direction of the transformation and development of the power system in the future. In some resource-rich areas, the installed capacity of new energy exceeds that of a conventional unit. However, the intermittent and fluctuating characteristics of the output power of the new energy source have become a major challenge for safe and stable operation of a high-proportion new energy power grid.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a hydrogen energy storage system with heat balance maintaining capability, which is used for solving the defects that the output power of new energy has intermittent and fluctuating characteristics and affects the safe and stable operation of a high-proportion new energy power grid in the prior art.
The invention also provides an optimization method of the hydrogen energy storage system with the heat balance maintaining capability, which is used for solving the defects that the high-proportion new energy power grid is influenced to safely and stably operate due to the characteristics of intermittent and fluctuation of new energy output power in the prior art, and the minimum investment cost is adopted while the response speed of the system and the available capacity in actual operation are ensured by optimizing the hydrogen energy storage system, so that the economic benefit is maximized.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a hydrogen storage system having a thermal balance maintaining capability, comprising: an energy management unit, an electrolysis cell, a fuel cell and a thermal energy circulation loop;
the output end of the energy management unit is connected with the electrolytic tank;
the electrolytic tank is connected with the fuel cell;
the fuel cell is connected with the input end of the energy management unit;
the heat energy circulation loop is respectively connected with the electrolytic tank and the fuel cell;
wherein the electrolytic cell converts the electric energy transmitted by the energy management unit into hydrogen energy;
the fuel cell converts hydrogen energy into electric energy and supplies power to an electric load through the energy management unit;
the thermal energy circulation loop is used for realizing circulation transfer of thermal energy between the electrolytic tank and the fuel cell.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, further comprising: a hydrogen storage tank and an oxygen storage tank;
the input end of the hydrogen storage tank is connected with the electrolytic tank, and the output end of the hydrogen storage tank is connected with the fuel cell;
the input end of the oxygen storage tank is connected with the electrolytic tank, and the output end of the oxygen storage tank is connected with the fuel cell.
Specifically, the present embodiment provides an embodiment of a hydrogen storage tank and an oxygen storage tank, by providing the hydrogen storage tank and the oxygen storage tank, it is achieved that water is decomposed by an electrolytic cell and electric energy is converted into hydrogen energy to be stored, and the collected oxygen can also react with the hydrogen energy at a fuel cell to become water while releasing energy.
In a possible embodiment, the connection line between the oxygen storage tank and the fuel cell is also provided with a valve and a pipeline connected with air, so that when the oxygen is insufficient, the oxygen is supplied through the external air.
In a possible embodiment, the electrolyzer is an alkaline cell electrolyzer.
In a possible embodiment, the fuel cell is a proton membrane fuel cell.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, further comprising: and the water supply passage is respectively connected with the input end of the electrolytic tank and the output end of the fuel cell and is used for conveying water formed by the fuel cell to the electrolytic tank.
Specifically, the embodiment provides an implementation mode of a water supply passage, and by arranging the water supply passage, water generated at the fuel cell is guided to the electrolytic tank, and the electrolytic tank is supplied for decomposing the water to generate hydrogen and oxygen, so that energy recycling is realized.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the water supply passage is coupled to the thermal energy circulation circuit for preheating water in the water supply passage by thermal energy in the thermal energy circulation circuit.
Specifically, the embodiment provides an implementation mode of coupling a water supply passage and a heat energy circulation loop, and the water supply passage and the heat energy circulation loop are coupled, so that water flowing from a fuel cell to an electrolytic tank is preheated, and the working efficiency is improved.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, further comprising: a heat exchanger and a heat storage tank;
the heat exchanger is coupled with the thermal energy circulation loop;
the heat storage tank is connected with the heat exchanger and is used for storing heat energy in the heat energy circulation loop through the heat exchanger.
Specifically, the embodiment provides an implementation mode of a heat exchanger and a heat storage tank, and by arranging the heat exchanger and the heat storage tank, the heat energy in a heat energy circulation loop is stored, the heat energy in the heat energy circulation loop is regulated, and the stability of the temperature of a system is maintained.
In a possible embodiment, the heat storage tank also supplies heat to the thermal load.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for optimizing a hydrogen energy storage system having a heat balance maintaining capability, including:
obtaining target electric power of the electrolytic cell and investment coefficient of the electrolytic cell, and constructing a cost function of the electrolytic cell;
acquiring target electric power of the fuel cell and a fuel cell investment coefficient, and constructing a fuel cell cost function;
acquiring target capacity and hydrogen energy storage investment coefficient of hydrogen energy storage, and constructing a hydrogen energy storage cost function;
constructing a total cost objective function from the electrolyzer cost function, the fuel cell cost function, and the hydrogen storage cost function;
and adding constraint conditions to the total cost objective function, and calculating the total cost objective function according to the constraint conditions to obtain the corresponding minimum investment cost.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the step of obtaining the target electric power of the electrolyzer and the electrolyzer investment coefficient and constructing the electrolyzer cost function specifically includes:
acquiring the heat power generated by the electrolyzer at the moment t, the hydrogen production rate of the electrolyzer, the high heat value of the hydrogen energy and the efficiency of the electrolyzer, and calculating the electric power consumed by the electrolyzer at the moment t;
repeating the steps, and taking the calculated maximum electric power consumed by the electrolytic cell as the target electric power of the electrolytic cell.
In particular, the present example provides an implementation of constructing an electrolyzer cost function.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the step of obtaining the target electric power of the fuel cell and the investment coefficient of the fuel cell, and constructing the cost function of the fuel cell specifically includes:
acquiring the thermal power generated by the fuel cell at the moment t, the hydrogen consumption rate of the fuel cell, the high heat value of the hydrogen energy and the efficiency of the fuel cell, and calculating the electric power generated by the fuel cell at the moment t;
repeating the steps, and taking the calculated maximum electric power generated by the fuel cell as the target electric power of the fuel cell.
In particular, the present embodiment provides an implementation of constructing a fuel cell cost function.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the step of obtaining the target capacity of the hydrogen storage and the hydrogen storage investment coefficient and constructing the hydrogen storage cost function specifically comprises the following steps of
Acquiring the hydrogen capacity at the time t-1, and calculating the hydrogen capacity at the time t according to the electric power generated by the electrolyzer at the time t, the electrolyzer efficiency, the electric power generated by the fuel cell and the fuel cell efficiency;
repeating the steps, and taking the calculated maximum hydrogen capacity as the target capacity of hydrogen energy storage.
In particular, the present embodiment provides an implementation of constructing a hydrogen storage cost function.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the step of adding a constraint condition to the total cost objective function and calculating the total cost objective function according to the constraint condition to obtain a corresponding minimum investment cost specifically includes:
acquiring the heat power generated by an electrolytic tank, the heat power generated by a fuel cell, the heat power consumed by a hydrogen energy storage system, the heat power supplied to a heat load and the efficiency of a heat exchanger, and constructing a heat power exchange constraint;
acquiring actual input power and target power of the energy management unit, and constructing an electric power balance constraint according to the target electric power of the electrolytic cell and the target electric power of the fuel cell;
acquiring a scheduling curve tracking deviation rate input by an energy management unit, and constructing a scheduling curve tracking deviation constraint according to the actual input power of the energy management unit and the target power of the energy management unit;
and constructing the constraint condition according to the thermal power exchange constraint, the electric power balance constraint and the scheduling curve tracking deviation constraint.
In particular, the present embodiment provides an implementation of calculating the total cost objective function according to the constraint condition, so as to obtain a corresponding minimum investment cost.
The above technical solutions in the present invention have at least one of the following technical effects: according to the hydrogen energy storage system with the heat balance maintaining capability and the optimizing method, the hydrogen energy storage is used as a completely clean energy storage mode, so that the hydrogen energy storage system has the characteristic of high electrochemical energy storage response speed, has the advantages of large-scale physical energy storage and season crossing, is configured to absorb and emit power by an electrolytic tank and a fuel cell, provides positive and negative standby for a new energy field, and realizes peak regulation service.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the layout of a hydrogen storage system with heat balance maintaining capability provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for optimizing a hydrogen storage system with heat balance maintaining capability provided by the present invention.
Reference numerals:
10. an energy management unit; 20. an electrolytic cell; 30. A fuel cell;
40. a thermal energy circulation loop; 50. A hydrogen storage tank; 60. An oxygen storage tank;
70. a water supply passage; 80. A heat exchanger; 90. A heat storage tank;
100. a heat exchanger.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the present solution provides a hydrogen storage system with heat balance maintaining capability, comprising: an energy management unit 10, an electrolysis cell 20, a fuel cell 30 and a thermal energy circulation loop 40; the output end of the energy management unit 10 is connected with the electrolytic bath 20; the electrolytic tank 20 is connected to the fuel cell 30; the fuel cell 30 is connected to an input terminal of the energy management unit 10; the heat energy circulation loop 40 is connected with the electrolytic tank 20 and the fuel cell 30 respectively; wherein the electrolytic cell 20 converts the electric energy supplied from the energy management unit 10 into hydrogen energy; the fuel cell 30 converts hydrogen energy into electric energy and supplies power to the electric load through the energy management unit 10; the thermal energy circulation loop 40 is used to effect the circulation transfer of thermal energy between the electrolyzer 20 and the fuel cell 30.
In detail, the invention provides a hydrogen energy storage system with heat balance maintaining capability, which is used for solving the defects that the output power of new energy has intermittent and fluctuating characteristics and affects the safe and stable operation of a high-proportion new energy power grid in the prior art, and by utilizing hydrogen energy storage as a completely clean energy storage mode, the hydrogen energy storage system not only has the characteristic of high electrochemical energy storage response speed, but also has the advantages of large-scale physical energy storage and season crossing, and is used for configuring an electrolytic tank 20 and a fuel cell 30 to absorb and send out power so as to provide positive and negative standby for a new energy field and realize peak regulation service.
In some possible embodiments of the present invention, further comprising: a hydrogen tank 50 and an oxygen tank 60; the input end of the hydrogen storage tank 50 is connected with the electrolytic tank 20, and the output end of the hydrogen storage tank 50 is connected with the fuel cell 30; the input end of the oxygen storage tank 60 is connected to the electrolytic cell 20, and the output end of the oxygen storage tank 60 is connected to the fuel cell 30.
Specifically, the present embodiment provides an embodiment of the hydrogen tank 50 and the oxygen tank 60, by providing the hydrogen tank 50 and the oxygen tank 60, it is achieved that water is decomposed by the electrolytic cell 20 and electric energy is converted into hydrogen energy for storage, and the collected oxygen can also react with the hydrogen energy at the fuel cell 30 to become water while releasing energy.
In a possible embodiment, the connection between the oxygen storage tank 60 and the fuel cell 30 is further provided with a valve and a pipe connected to air, so that the supply of oxygen is realized by external air when oxygen is insufficient.
In a possible embodiment, the electrolyzer 20 is an alkaline cell electrolyzer 20.
In a possible embodiment, the fuel cell 30 is a proton membrane fuel cell 30.
In some possible embodiments of the present invention, further comprising: a water supply passage 70, the water supply passage 70 being connected to an input end of the electrolytic bath 20 and an output end of the fuel cell 30, respectively, for supplying water formed by the fuel cell 30 to the electrolytic bath 20.
Specifically, the present embodiment provides an embodiment of the water supply passage 70, and by providing the water supply passage 70, water generated at the fuel cell 30 is guided to the electrolytic cell 20, and the electrolytic cell 20 is supplied to decompose the water to generate hydrogen and oxygen, thereby realizing energy recycling.
In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the water supply passage 70 is coupled to the thermal energy circulation loop 40 for preheating water in the water supply passage 70 by thermal energy in the thermal energy circulation loop 40.
Specifically, the present embodiment provides an embodiment in which the water supply passage 70 is coupled to the thermal energy circulation circuit 40, and by coupling the water supply passage 70 to the thermal energy circulation circuit 40, water flowing from the fuel cell 30 to the electrolytic tank 20 is preheated, thereby improving the working efficiency.
In a possible embodiment, the water supply passage 70 and the thermal energy circulation circuit 40 achieve preheating of the water in the water supply passage 70 by the thermal energy in the thermal energy circulation circuit 40 through the heat exchanger 100.
In some possible embodiments of the present invention, further comprising: a heat exchanger 80 and a heat storage tank 90; the heat exchanger 80 is coupled to the thermal energy circulation loop 40; the heat storage tank 90 is connected to the heat exchanger 80 for effecting storage of thermal energy within the thermal energy circulation loop 40 by the heat exchanger 80.
Specifically, the embodiment provides an implementation of the heat exchanger 80 and the heat storage tank 90, and by arranging the heat exchanger 80 and the heat storage tank 90, the storage of the heat energy in the heat energy circulation loop 40 is realized, the heat energy in the heat energy circulation loop 40 is regulated, and the stability of the system temperature is maintained.
In a possible embodiment, the heat storage tank 90 also supplies heat to the thermal load.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present invention provides a method for optimizing a hydrogen energy storage system with heat balance maintaining capability, which includes:
obtaining target electric power of the electrolytic cell 20 and investment coefficient of the electrolytic cell 20, and constructing a cost function of the electrolytic cell 20;
acquiring target electric power of the fuel cell 30 and an investment coefficient of the fuel cell 30, and constructing a cost function of the fuel cell 30;
acquiring target capacity and hydrogen energy storage investment coefficient of hydrogen energy storage, and constructing a hydrogen energy storage cost function;
constructing a total cost objective function based on the electrolyzer 20 cost function, the fuel cell 30 cost function, and the hydrogen storage cost function;
and adding constraint conditions to the total cost objective function, and calculating the total cost objective function according to the constraint conditions to obtain the corresponding minimum investment cost.
In detail, the invention also provides an optimization method of the hydrogen energy storage system with the heat balance maintaining capability, which is used for solving the defects that the high-proportion new energy power grid is influenced to safely and stably operate due to the intermittent and fluctuating characteristics of the new energy output power in the prior art, and optimizing the hydrogen energy storage system, so that the minimum investment cost is adopted while the response speed of the system and the available capacity in actual operation are ensured, and the economic benefit is maximized.
In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the steps of obtaining the target electric power of the electrolytic cell 20 and the investment coefficient of the electrolytic cell 20, and constructing the cost function of the electrolytic cell 20, specifically include:
acquiring the heat power generated by the electrolytic cell 20 at the time t, the hydrogen production rate of the electrolytic cell 20, the high heat value of the hydrogen energy and the efficiency of the electrolytic cell 20, and calculating the electric power consumed by the electrolytic cell 20 at the time t;
the above steps are repeated, and the maximum electric power consumed by the electrolytic bath 20 is calculated as the target electric power of the electrolytic bath 20.
Specifically, the present example provides an embodiment of constructing a cost function of the electrolytic cell 20, in which the following formula is applied in the steps of obtaining the target electric power of the electrolytic cell 20 and the investment coefficient of the electrolytic cell 20, and constructing the cost function of the electrolytic cell 20:
wherein ,the electric power consumed by the electrolytic bath 20 and the generated thermal power are shown at time t, respectively. />Represents the hydrogen production rate, HHV represents the high heating value of hydrogen, η ele Indicating the efficiency of the cell 20.
After the electric power consumed by the electrolytic cell 20 at time t is calculated, the calculation is performed a plurality of times, and finally the maximum electric power consumed by the electrolytic cell 20 is set as the target electric power of the electrolytic cell 20.
It should also be noted that the alkaline cell 20 system has a short response time and is well suited for use in a hydrogen storage system with a wind farm.
Further, the target electric power P of the electrolytic bath 20 is obtained ele And according to the unit investment coefficient c of the electrolytic tank 20 ele Constructing a cost function of the electrolytic cell 20: c ele P ele 。
In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the step of obtaining the target electric power of the fuel cell 30 and the investment coefficient of the fuel cell 30, and constructing the cost function of the fuel cell 30 specifically includes:
acquiring the thermal power generated by the fuel cell 30 at the time t, the hydrogen consumption rate of the fuel cell 30, the high heating value of the hydrogen energy and the efficiency of the fuel cell 30, and calculating the electric power generated by the fuel cell 30 at the time t;
the above steps are repeated, and the maximum electric power generated by the fuel cell 30 is calculated as the target electric power of the fuel cell 30.
Specifically, the present embodiment provides an embodiment of constructing a cost function of the fuel cell 30, in the step of obtaining the target electric power of the fuel cell 30 and the investment coefficient of the fuel cell 30, and constructing the cost function of the fuel cell 30, the following formula is applied:
wherein ,respectively representing the electric power and the thermal power generated by the fuel cell 30 at time t, < >>Represents the rate, η, at which the fuel cell 30 consumes hydrogen fuel Indicating the efficiency of the fuel cell 30.
After calculating the electric power generated by the fuel cell 30 at time t, the calculation is performed a plurality of times, and finally the maximum electric power generated by the fuel cell 30 is set as the target electric power of the fuel cell 30.
It should be noted that, the working temperature of the proton membrane fuel cell 30 is matched with the alkaline cell electrolytic tank 20, so that the heat balance system can coordinate and control the heat dissipation of the operation working condition and the heat preservation of the standby working condition.
Further, the target electric power P of the fuel cell 30 is obtained fuel And according to the unit investment coefficient c of the fuel cell 30 fuel Constructing a cost function of the electrolytic cell 20: c fuel P fuel 。
In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the step of obtaining the target capacity of the hydrogen storage and the hydrogen storage investment coefficient and constructing the hydrogen storage cost function specifically includes
Acquiring the hydrogen capacity at the time t-1, and calculating the hydrogen capacity at the time t according to the electric power generated by the electrolytic cell 20 at the time t, the efficiency of the electrolytic cell 20, the electric power generated by the fuel cell 30 and the efficiency of the fuel cell 30;
repeating the steps, and taking the calculated maximum hydrogen capacity as the target capacity of hydrogen energy storage.
Specifically, the present embodiment provides an implementation manner of constructing a hydrogen energy storage cost function, where in the steps of obtaining a target capacity of hydrogen energy storage and a hydrogen energy storage investment coefficient, and constructing the hydrogen energy storage cost function, the following formula is applied:
wherein ,indicating the total capacity stored in the hydrogen tank 50 at the present time, and Δτ indicates the time gap.
After calculating the total capacity stored in the hydrogen tank 50 at time t, the calculation is performed a plurality of times, and finally the maximum hydrogen capacity in the hydrogen tank 50 is set as the target capacity of the hydrogen tank 50.
It is also noted that the hydrogen storage system stores hydrogen gas generated during electrolysis of water in the hydrogen storage tank 50, and delivers the hydrogen gas and oxygen gas to the fuel cell 30 during power generation to generate electricity. Meanwhile, the hydrogen storage system supplies water to the electrolytic tank 20 through a water supply cycle and recovers the power generation product of the fuel cell 30.
Further, the target capacity S of the hydrogen storage tank 50 is obtained H2 And according to the unit investment coefficient c of the hydrogen storage tank 50 sh Constructing a hydrogen energy storage cost function: c sh S H2 。
In a possible implementation, in some possible embodiments of the present invention, the following formula is applied in the steps of constructing a total cost objective function according to the cost function of the electrolyzer 20, the cost function of the fuel cell 30 and the hydrogen storage cost function, adding constraints to the total cost objective function, and calculating the total cost objective function according to the constraints, to obtain a corresponding minimum investment cost:
by the above-described formula constituting the electrolyzer 20, the fuel cell 30 and the hydrogen storage cost, the investment cost required under the corresponding conditions can be calculated from the formula.
It should be further noted that, when the energy management unit 10 is connected to a wind farm, there is a fluctuation in the heat generation power of the electrolyzer 20 and the fuel cell 30 during the hydrogen generation and power generation due to the instability of the electric power input of the wind farm. The dynamic balance of heat energy supply and demand is tightly coupled with the operation characteristics, and finally the capacity configuration of the hydrogen energy storage system is influenced. Thus, the hydrogen storage capacity configuration optimization objective can be expressed as: based on the existing installed capacity of the wind farm, the capacities of the electrolytic tank 20, the fuel cell 30 and the hydrogen storage tank 50 are used as optimization variables, and in the worst case caused by the uncertainty of the power of the wind farm, the tracking deviation requirement of a power grid dispatching curve is met, and the system cost is minimized.
In some possible embodiments of the present invention, adding constraint conditions to the total cost objective function, and calculating the total cost objective function according to the constraint conditions, where the step of obtaining the corresponding minimum investment cost specifically includes:
acquiring the thermal power generated by the electrolytic cell 20, the thermal power generated by the fuel cell 30, the thermal power consumed by the hydrogen storage system, the thermal power supplied to the thermal load and the efficiency of the heat exchanger 80, and constructing a thermal power exchange constraint;
acquiring actual input power and target power of the energy management unit 10, and constructing an electric power balance constraint according to the target electric power of the electrolytic cell 20 and the target electric power of the fuel cell 30;
acquiring a scheduling curve tracking deviation rate input by the energy management unit 10, and constructing a scheduling curve tracking deviation constraint according to the actual input power of the energy management unit 10 and the target power of the energy management unit 10;
and constructing constraint conditions according to the thermal power exchange constraint, the electric power balance constraint and the scheduling curve tracking deviation constraint.
In particular, the present embodiment provides an implementation of calculating the total cost objective function according to the constraint condition, to obtain the corresponding minimum investment cost.
In a possible embodiment, in the step of taking the thermal power generated by the electrolyzer 20, the thermal power produced by the fuel cell 30, the thermal power consumed by the hydrogen storage system, the thermal power supplied to the thermal load and the efficiency of the heat exchanger 80, and constructing the thermal power exchange constraint, the following formula is applied:
in the formula,representing the thermal power generated by the electrolyzer 20 and the fuel cell 30, respectively,/->Respectively representing the heat power consumed by the hydrogen energy storage system and the heat power provided for the heat supply load, eta ex Indicating the efficiency of the heat exchanger 80,showing the thermal power exchanged by the heat exchanger 80 with the heat storage tank 90.
wherein ,the three-part loss components of the heat dissipation of the electrolytic tank 20, the heat dissipation of the fuel cell 30 and the water supply circulation preheating are as follows:
in the formula, and />The operating temperature of the electrolyzer 20 and the fuel cell 30 and the ambient temperature are shown, respectively. Lambda (lambda) ele and λfuel The heat dissipation coefficients of the electrolytic cell 20 and the fuel cell 30 are defined as the heat dissipation area A per unit capacity ele /A fuel And thermal resistance per unit area R ele /R fuel Is a ratio of (2). P (P) ele and Pfuel The installed capacities of the electrolyzer 20 and the fuel cell 30, respectively. />c p and />The molar mass flow, specific heat capacity and water temperature of the water entering the electrolyzer 20 are shown, respectively. The capacity allocation of the heat balance system in the continuous stable running state of the invention ensures that the working temperature of the system is +.> and />Can be assumed to be constant.
In a possible embodiment, the energy management unit 10 is connected to a wind farm, i.e. the wind farm supplies the energy management unit 10, and the parameters such as the relevant input power of the energy management unit 10 are the same as the wind farm, and in the step of obtaining the actual input power and the target power of the energy management unit 10 and constructing the electric power balance constraint according to the target electric power of the electrolyzer 20 and the target electric power of the fuel cell 30, the following formula is applied:
in the formula,indicating the installed power of the energy management unit 10 at time t.
In one application scenario, the energy management unit 10 is connected to a wind farm, the wind farm powers the energy management unit 10, and the study of the uncertainty distribution of the energy management unit 10 is the study of the uncertainty of the wind farm, so that a robust model is constructed for the uncertainty distribution of the wind farm, as follows.
The wind power plant output power model is that
in the formula,PW Representing the installed power of the wind farm,represents the power coefficient derived from wind speed, +.>Representing the actual output power of the wind farm. While the trusted grid-connected power of a wind farm participating in grid scheduling can be represented by the product of the predicted power and the available coefficients, i.e.>
in the formula,representing the predicted output power of the wind farm day before. Delta is defined as the coefficient of availability of wind power, representing the decision by the wind farm operator to use the predicted value of wind power to make a power generation plan. Delta is equal to 1, and an operator makes a power generation plan according to the predicted value. Smaller delta values represent more careful decisions and increased probability of actual output power being above the scheduling curve. Conversely, the larger the delta value, the more optimistic the decision, the less probability that the actual output power is above the scheduling curve.
And establishing a model of the operation uncertainty of the hydrogen energy storage system by taking the waserstein divergence as a fuzzy set of uncertainty measurement of the distributed robust method.
in the formula,Pξ Representing the probability distribution of the actual output power of the wind farm,representing an empirical distribution of wind farm output power. M (XI) represents all the values defined in waserstein divergence d w The probability distribution space under epsilon is the radius of the fuzzy set.
For the uncertainty set given by the above equation, it can be translated into a set of linear risk opportunity constraints, i.e
Wherein K represents the total number of data samples, alpha is the confidence coefficient, and xi k,t Andrespectively representing the output power of the actual wind power plant and the credible grid-connected power s t And gamma is a dual variable.
In a possible embodiment, the energy management unit 10 is connected to a wind farm, that is, the wind farm supplies power to the energy management unit 10, and parameters such as relevant input power of the energy management unit 10 are the same as those of the wind farm, and in the step of obtaining the tracking deviation rate of the scheduling curve input by the energy management unit 10, and constructing the tracking deviation constraint of the scheduling curve according to the actual input power of the energy management unit 10 and the target power of the energy management unit 10, the following formula is applied:
where d represents a scheduling curve tracking deviation index.
The energy management unit 10 provided by the invention is connected with a wind farm, the wind farm supplies power for the energy management unit 10, the input of electric energy of the electrolytic tank 20 by the energy management unit 10 is realized, the wind farm and the hydrogen energy storage system form a hybrid power system, and a capacity configuration method is established. The objective function is to meet grid dispatching curve tracking bias requirements, minimize system costs, with the capacities of the electrolyzer 20, fuel cell 30, and hydrogen storage tank 50 as optimization variables, in the worst case due to, for example, wind farm power uncertainty, constraints including capacity constraints, operational constraints, and wind farm dispatching curve tracking bias constraints, and convert the nonlinear programming to a fast solveable mixed integer programming problem.
It should be noted that the hydrogen energy storage system provided by the invention can maintain self reaction temperature, improve the speed of corresponding wind power fluctuation of hydrogen energy storage, and maintain the electric-hydrogen and hydrogen-electric conversion efficiency. The capacity configuration method of the hydrogen energy storage system with heat balance considers the intermittence and fluctuation of the system operation, and improves the available capacity of the hydrogen energy storage system in actual operation by configuring the heat balance system.
In describing embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "coupled," "coupled," and "connected" should be construed broadly, and may be either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific circumstances.
In the description of the present specification, reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "manner," "particular modes," or "some modes," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or mode is included in at least one embodiment or mode of the embodiments of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or manner. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or ways. Furthermore, various embodiments or modes and features of various embodiments or modes described in this specification can be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without mutual conflict.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, and are not limiting of the present invention. While the invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various combinations, modifications, or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and it is intended to be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A method of optimizing a hydrogen storage system having a thermal balance maintaining capability, comprising: an energy management unit, an electrolysis cell, a fuel cell and a thermal energy circulation loop;
the output end of the energy management unit is connected with the electrolytic tank; the electrolytic tank is connected with the fuel cell; the fuel cell is connected with the input end of the energy management unit; the heat energy circulation loop is respectively connected with the electrolytic tank and the fuel cell; wherein the electrolytic cell converts the electric energy transmitted by the energy management unit into hydrogen energy; the fuel cell converts hydrogen energy into electric energy and supplies power to an electric load through the energy management unit; the heat energy circulation loop is used for realizing circulation transfer of heat energy between the electrolytic tank and the fuel cell;
the method comprises the following steps:
obtaining target electric power of the electrolytic cell and investment coefficient of the electrolytic cell, and constructing a cost function of the electrolytic cell;
acquiring target electric power of the fuel cell and a fuel cell investment coefficient, and constructing a fuel cell cost function;
acquiring target capacity and hydrogen energy storage investment coefficient of hydrogen energy storage, and constructing a hydrogen energy storage cost function;
constructing a total cost objective function from the electrolyzer cost function, the fuel cell cost function, and the hydrogen storage cost function;
adding constraint conditions to the total cost objective function, and calculating the total cost objective function according to the constraint conditions to obtain corresponding minimum investment cost;
wherein, the step of obtaining the target electric power of the electrolytic cell and the investment coefficient of the electrolytic cell and constructing the cost function of the electrolytic cell specifically comprises the following steps:
the heat power generated by the electrolyzer at the moment t, the hydrogen production rate of the electrolyzer, the high heat value of the hydrogen energy and the efficiency of the electrolyzer are obtained, and the electric power consumed by the electrolyzer at the moment t is calculated, and the following formula is applied:
in the formula,respectively representing the electric power consumed by the electrolytic cell and the generated thermal power at time t, +.>Represents the hydrogen production rate, HHV represents the high heating value of hydrogen, η el e represents the efficiency of the electrolyzer;
repeating the steps, and taking the calculated maximum electric power consumed by the electrolytic cell as the target electric power of the electrolytic cell;
the step of obtaining the target electric power of the fuel cell and the investment coefficient of the fuel cell and constructing the cost function of the fuel cell specifically comprises the following steps:
the thermal power generated by the fuel cell at the time t, the hydrogen consumption rate of the fuel cell, the high heat value of the hydrogen energy and the fuel cell efficiency are obtained, and the electrical power generated by the fuel cell at the time t is calculated, and the following formula is applied:
in the formula,respectively representing the electric power and the thermal power generated by the fuel cell at time t, < >>Represents the rate of hydrogen consumption, η, of a fuel cell fuel Representing fuel cell efficiency;
repeating the steps, and taking the calculated maximum electric power generated by the fuel cell as the target electric power of the fuel cell;
the step of obtaining the target capacity of the hydrogen energy storage and the investment coefficient of the hydrogen energy storage and constructing the cost function of the hydrogen energy storage specifically comprises the following steps:
obtaining the hydrogen capacity at the time t-1, and calculating the hydrogen capacity at the time t according to the electric power generated by the electrolyzer at the time t, the electrolyzer efficiency, the electric power generated by the fuel cell and the fuel cell efficiency, wherein the following formula is applied:
wherein ,indicating the total capacity stored in the hydrogen storage tank at the current moment, wherein Deltaτ represents the time gap;
repeating the steps, and taking the calculated maximum hydrogen capacity as the target capacity of hydrogen energy storage;
wherein in the step of obtaining the thermal power generated by the electrolyzer, the thermal power generated by the fuel cell, the thermal power consumed by the hydrogen storage system, the thermal power supplied to the thermal load, and the efficiency of the heat exchanger, and constructing the thermal power exchange constraint, the following formula is applied:
in the formula,representing the heat power generated by the electrolyzer and the fuel cell, respectively,/->Respectively representing the heat power consumed by the hydrogen energy storage system and the heat power provided for the heat supply load, eta ex Indicating the efficiency of the heat exchanger 80, < >>Representing the heat power exchanged by the heat exchanger and the heat storage tank;
wherein ,the three-part loss composition comprises three parts of loss of heat dissipation of an electrolytic cell, heat dissipation of a fuel cell and water supply circulation preheating, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, and />Respectively representing the operating temperatures of the electrolyzer and the fuel cell and the ambient temperature; lambda (lambda) ele and λfuel The heat dissipation coefficients of the electrolytic cell and the fuel cell are respectively expressed, and are defined as a heat dissipation area A per unit capacity ele /A fuel And thermal resistance per unit area R ele /R fuel Is a ratio of (2); p (P) ele and Pfuel The installed capacities of the electrolytic cell and the fuel cell, respectively; />c p and />Respectively representing the molar mass flow, specific heat capacity and water temperature of the water entering the electrolytic cell; the capacity allocation of the heat balance system in the continuous stable running state of the invention ensures that the working temperature of the system is +.> and />Can be assumed to be constant.
2. The method of optimizing a hydrogen storage system having thermal balance maintenance capability of claim 1, further comprising: a hydrogen storage tank and an oxygen storage tank;
the input end of the hydrogen storage tank is connected with the electrolytic tank, and the output end of the hydrogen storage tank is connected with the fuel cell;
the input end of the oxygen storage tank is connected with the electrolytic tank, and the output end of the oxygen storage tank is connected with the fuel cell.
3. The method of optimizing a hydrogen storage system having thermal balance maintenance capability of claim 1, further comprising: and the water supply passage is respectively connected with the input end of the electrolytic tank and the output end of the fuel cell and is used for conveying water formed by the fuel cell to the electrolytic tank.
4. A method of optimizing a hydrogen storage system having a thermal balance maintaining capacity as recited in claim 3, wherein said water supply passage is coupled to said thermal energy circulation circuit for preheating water in said water supply passage by thermal energy in said thermal energy circulation circuit.
5. The method of optimizing a hydrogen storage system having thermal balance maintenance capability of claim 1, further comprising: a heat exchanger and a heat storage tank;
the heat exchanger is coupled with the thermal energy circulation loop;
the heat storage tank is connected with the heat exchanger and is used for storing heat energy in the heat energy circulation loop through the heat exchanger.
6. The method for optimizing a hydrogen storage system having a heat balance maintaining capability according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the step of adding a constraint to the total cost objective function and calculating the total cost objective function according to the constraint to obtain a corresponding minimum investment cost specifically comprises:
acquiring the heat power generated by an electrolytic tank, the heat power generated by a fuel cell, the heat power consumed by a hydrogen energy storage system, the heat power supplied to a heat load and the efficiency of a heat exchanger, and constructing a heat power exchange constraint;
acquiring actual input power and target power of the energy management unit, and constructing an electric power balance constraint according to the target electric power of the electrolytic cell and the target electric power of the fuel cell;
acquiring a scheduling curve tracking deviation rate input by an energy management unit, and constructing a scheduling curve tracking deviation constraint according to the actual input power of the energy management unit and the target power of the energy management unit;
and constructing the constraint condition according to the thermal power exchange constraint, the electric power balance constraint and the scheduling curve tracking deviation constraint.
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