CN113644346A - 一种超级模组 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提出了一种降温管及固态气凝胶微囊,该降温管包括管体;管体内填充有粉末状的固固二次相变材料和压力气体,对应电池升温时,降温管向电池喷洒固固二次相变材料;固固二次相变材料包括固态气凝胶微囊,固态气凝胶微囊内包裹有固态无机盐。本发明采用了二次相变原理制备了外观始终为绝缘固体的高吸热的灭火材料,并通过少量灭火材料精准在唯一热失控单体上堆“冷帽”的施喷装置,实现了高热容降温和及时减压预警。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及新能源电池模组领域,尤其涉及超级模组。
背景技术
通过多电池并联形成高电容量的电池模组,可满足大电流输出的要求,是电动汽车储能单元封装的通常办法。由于并联的多圆柱型电池模组通常采用矩阵型、菱形或Z型的排列方式,而圆柱型的电池如图1所示,包括侧面壳体1、顶部极柱2、底部极柱3和泄压阀4,泄压阀位于顶部极柱上部,壳体极柱和顶部极柱均为导体,且侧面壳体和顶部极柱分别可作为正极或者负极,泄压阀的作用是,当电池内部热失控后,电池会从泄压阀喷火。
目前常见的电池模组存在以下问题:1、电池通过热焊的方式与汇流排连接,热焊的高温会严重造成电池的内伤,日后易热失控。若通过传统的外加的汇流排的结构,需要在汇流排与电池之间架设熔断器,需要两次焊接固定。若不加熔断器,单一电池热失控喷火时,高温会对临近电池热蔓延,拖累整组电池热失控或失效,危害倍增;2、目前主要采用在电池壳体间填充均温介质的形式进行均温,但顶部极柱的是内部最高温的最近反应点,仅靠薄片型汇流排难以实现平面的高热传导性,造成电池内外温差增大,影响电池寿命; 3、目前主要采用模组整体温度监测手段进行预警,监测点有限且阻隔了许多大热容的电池,难以发现早期热异常单体,预警时间严重滞后; 4、热失控单体电池的燃爆不依靠外部供氧即可自行燃爆,现有灭火剂的隔氧模组难以延缓燃爆时间。
锂电池热失控后发生自燃的概率,随着电池技术的进步成逐渐下降的趋势,但不可杜绝;以目前锂电技术状态,即使一台纯电动汽车装有近万的单体锂电,两个及以上单体锂电同时自燃的概率也几乎为零;锂电燃爆时,由于内部不断产生氧,因此传统的隔绝外部氧环境的灭火手段效果不佳;将锂电将燃和初燃时的温度降低,并及时向人类发出最后的撤离警告,是对将燃和初燃期的锂电进行施救的主要手段;降温需要精准对应高温点、及时释放施救材料实施热交换措施、释放同时预警、施救材料不会导致短路进而出现新风险点、以及施救材料具有较大的热容等材料创新和低成本装置创新,是业界的研发方向。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提出了一种降温管,包括管体;管体内填充有粉末状的固固二次相变材料和压力气体,对应电池升温时,降温管向电池喷洒固固二次相变材料;
固固二次相变材料包括固态气凝胶微囊,固态气凝胶微囊内包裹有固态无机盐。
优选地,降温管包括位于管体两端的接口。
优选地,管体设有喷淋口,喷淋口用热熔材料封闭。
优选地,喷淋口的热熔材料能够在高温下融化,使得固固二次相变材料呈粉末状喷出。
优选地,喷淋口朝向电池的方向。
优选地,喷淋口设置于对应电池顶部极柱的位置。
优选地,降温管为S形的排列或环形排列。
优选地,降温管覆盖所有电池顶部。
优选地,固态气凝胶微囊内的无机盐吸热后能够第一次相变为液态,再次吸热后能够第二次相变为气态,并大量吸热。
优选地,固态气凝胶微囊能够在第一次相比和第二次相变后外观仍呈现固态。
优选地,固态气凝胶微囊内包裹有固态无机盐;无机盐吸热后能够第一次相变为液态,再次吸热后能够第二次相变为气态,并大量吸热。
优选地,固态气凝胶微囊能够在第一次相比和第二次相变后外观仍呈现固态。
本发明还提供了一种固态气凝胶微囊,固态气凝胶微囊内包裹有固态无机盐;无机盐吸热后能够第一次相变为液态,再次吸热后能够第二次相变为气态,并大量吸热。
本发明提出的超级模组有以下有益效果:
针对濒危热失控的单体电池,由于其顶部极柱位置的温度最高,并且会通过顶部泄压阀喷火,我们在其上方设置了降温管,封口被热熔开后喷洒固态结构的二次相变材料,形成顶部“冷帽”大量吸热,可有效推迟该热失控电池达到燃点的时间。且一旦封口开启,管内压力骤减,可即时对整车预警,为生产财产的完全转移争取了宝贵的时间。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍。
图1为现有技术中柱状电池的示意图;
图2为利用本发明的降温管的超级模组的连接示意图;
图3为利用本发明的降温管的超级模组的绝缘聚脲层内部及外部的示意图;
图4为本发明的降温管的示意图;
图5为本发明的实心电桥连接电池的俯视图;
图6为本发明的实心电桥的剖视图;
图7为本发明的降温管的固固二次相变材料的示意图;
图8为本发明的散射状浅划痕的示意图;
图9为本发明的顶部汇流排的示意图;
图10为本发明的降温管的连接俯视图;
其中,1、侧面壳体;2、顶部极柱;3、底部极柱;4、泄压阀;5、电池;6、实心电桥;7、引桥;8、第一结构胶;9、顶部汇流排;10、集流软排;11、第一温度传感器;12、第一压力传感器;13、PCBA;14、绝缘聚脲层;15、保温层;16、固态均温介质;17、液态均温介质;18、热板;19、冷板;20、第二温度传感器;21、振动传感器;22、第三温度传感器; 25、散射状浅划痕;26、固固二次相变材料;27、喷淋口;28、固态气凝胶微囊;29、固态无机盐;30、导电片;31、空心壳体;32、导体粉末;33、石墨导体片;34、金属导体片;35、第四温度传感器;36、降温管;37、单向泄压阀;38、第五温度传感器;39、保温长导管;40、接口;41、第二聚脲层;42、第二压力传感器;43、第三结构胶。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
如图1、图5所示,本发明提出了一种超级模组,包括若干柱状电池5,电池5的规格相同,且同向设置,本模组中电池5之间相邻所述侧面壳体1之间均压紧电连接有可熔断的实心电桥6,所有所述侧面壳体1通过所述实心电桥6形成内部电连接,形成所有侧面壳体1的并联本实施例中的附图仅显示3*3数量的电池,但并不局限于上述数量,可成矩阵排列延展;所述实心电桥6到达一定温度后熔断,熔断温度约为40-60℃;实心电桥6的具体结构可以是两种形式,第一种实心电桥6的实施例为:所述实心电桥6为低熔点金属或者低熔点合金或者热熔导体,达到预设温度后,电桥直接熔断;第二种实施例为:如图6所示,所述实心电桥6包括空心壳体31,所述空心壳体31两端密封设置有导电片30,所述空心壳体31内填充有导体粉末32,导电片30压于两个电池的侧面壳体1之间;所述空心壳体31由热熔胶制成,实心电桥6的电连通是通过导电片30和导体粉末32实现的,当温度达到40—60度,单体电池5的侧面壳体1温度进入这个范围,与其连接的所有实心电桥6均熔断,则导体粉末32流出,实现实心电桥6的断开,此时,该电池成为孤岛,被电隔离,切断了所有周边电池5继续向它流入电流,所有其他电池5的侧面壳体1仍并联继续工作,模组仍可正常工作,而针对热失控的电池5,则需要快速进行降温,具体降温方式是通过降温管,具体原理详见后文。当然,为了增加电桥与电池5之间的稳定连接并且要增加电连接的稳定性,在电池5和实心电桥6之间可设置常温固化导电胶。
任一所述实心电桥6与所述侧面壳体1间压紧电连接有引桥7,所述引桥7为导体,引桥7可以通过导电胶连接在导电片30上,引桥7引出到整个模组外的一端作为对外的极柱,用于整个模组的电流引入或者引出。而为了保证整个电池模组的稳定结构,所述侧面壳体1之间均填充有第一结构胶8,本实施例中涉及的所有结构胶均为绝缘材料,为清楚表明各部件位置,故称为“第一、第二……”,通过第一结构胶8设置在相邻的电池5之间,第一结构胶8选用常温固化结构胶,或者用UV固化胶,固化快,且固化温度低,减少高温对电池5的热损伤,且使用第一结构胶8在保证整个电池模组的结构稳定性的同时,整个模组的电池5数量的增加或者减少的操作极为便捷,即直接将第一结构胶8去除,对应电池5即可取下,第一结构胶8即取代了现有技术中的电池架的作用,减小了模组体积。
相邻柱状电池5的所述顶部极柱2之间电连接有顶部汇流排9,顶部汇流排9为一连续的条形导体,设置在所有的顶部极柱2上部,所述顶部汇流排9为高平面导热性导体,所述顶部汇流排9至少有一外延部分,引出到所述超级模组的外侧的一端作为整个超级模组的对外顶部极柱;具体的说,所述顶部汇流排9可以是多种形式的,为高平面导热性的片状导体,片状导体可以是金属导体,也可以是非金属导体,用于快速平面热均衡和导电。当然顶部汇流排9的另一种形式是:如图9所示的复合导体片,所述复合导体片包括多层石墨导体片33与金属导体片34,所述多层石墨导体片33和金属导体片34通过复合导电胶连接,所述金属导体片34可以铝片或者镍片或者铜片,所述复合导电胶四周设有第二结构胶或第二聚脲层41,复合导电胶为层结构填充在金属片和石墨导电片之间,且复合导电胶周围的金属导电片和石墨导电片之间填充的结构胶,以增加结构稳定性。第二结构胶或者第二聚脲层41能够增加顶部汇流排9的层结构之间的稳定性,所述顶部汇流排9表面至少设有一个第四温度传感器35,所述第四温度传感器35通过所述集流软排10电连接所述PCBA13,PCBA13为控制电路板。
要说明的是,内部的第一结构胶8稳定后,为了进一步增加整体模组的稳定性,在电池模组的外部包覆有绝缘聚脲层14,具体的说,外侧的所述电池5、集流软排10和顶部汇流排9上均喷涂有绝缘聚脲层14,形成相互间的结构粘结并形成全封闭油密性的内腔,具体方法是,聚脲喷涂后的固化时间小于10秒,在对顶部汇流排9向下加压,使接触电阻落入设定范围后,喷涂聚脲并固化,撤压后由高韧性的绝缘聚脲层14保压,稳定接触电阻;聚脲具有粘结众多物体表面的普适性,可对穿越腔内外物体的交汇点进行周边封闭,所述绝缘聚脲层14的外侧设有保温层15,保温层15能够隔绝内腔与外部环境之间的温度传递,保证内部的低温效果。
为了保证内腔的电池5散热均匀,如图3所示,在所述内腔底部的电池5的侧面壳体1之间设有固态均温介质16,所述固态均温介质16上部填充有液态均温介质17,所述液态均温介质17上部的空间内填充有惰性气体,所述固态均温介质16材料为常温固化导热胶或相变材料,固态均温介质16层能够进一步固定电池5的稳定性,同时能够将电池5工作时散热的热量进行疏散,液态均温介质17为硅油,厚度不高于所述电池5高度的三分之一;液体自流动性好,特别是车辆在行驶会造成振动,更有利于液态介质的流动;所述固态均温介质16中设有至少三处第二温度传感器20和至少一振动传感器21,所述第二温度传感器20和振动传感器21通过所述集流软排10电连接到PCBA13上,通过第二温度传感器20和振动传感器21实时监控内部的温度和振动情况;所述液态均温介质17中至少设有一第三温度传感器22,并通过所述集流软排10电连接到PCBA13上,同样的,通过第三温度传感器22监测液态均温介质17内的温度。
另外,在内腔的剩余空间内填充惰性气体,用于排出内腔内的氧气含量,降低内部燃烧的可能性。另外,要说明的是:为了防止内腔内的压力影响,所述惰性气体中设有至少一第二压力传感器42和一第五温度传感器38,所述内腔外侧壁设有保温泄压装置,所述保温泄压装置包括单向泄压阀37,所述单向泄压阀37上连接有保温长导管39,所述保温长导管39伸于所述内腔内且开口向上设置,并靠近所述内腔顶部,第二压力传感器42和第五温度传感器38与集流软排10连接,并通过集流软排10将压力值和温度值传送至PCBA13,并实时监控,当压力过大时,控制单向泄压阀37向外排气,以防止爆炸,单向泄压阀37为购置件,其原理是仅能向一侧排气,在单向泄压阀37上连接的保温长导管39伸于内腔内,通过保温长导管39将内部气体部分排出,并且由于长导管细且长,可以是环形设置于内腔上部,也可以是直线设置,可以大大降低与外部热交换,保证内部的低温环境。
所述底部壳体的绝缘聚脲层14下部设有热板18,所述热板18为碳短纤维发热板,下部设有冷板19,冷板19可以是水冷板,能够保持模组内部的温度均衡。另外,为了进一步增加整体模组的稳定性,通过在侧壁设置PCBA13,即能够实现电路控制,同时PCBA板本身能够作为固定片加强整个电池模组的外侧强度,固定片是通过绝缘聚脲层14固定在电池5外部的,而PCBA13与电池5内部所有的传感器信号传输都是通过集流软排10来实现。具体的说,PCBA13包括控制电路板,控制电路板上设有若干信号输入PIN口、信号输出PIN口和控制电路,所述信号输入PIN口、信号输出PIN口与所述PCBA13电连接处设有聚脲层,聚脲层能够固定密封连接PIN口与PCBA13之间的连接。所述底部极柱3下部设有集流软排10,集流软排10 是连续的条形结构,设置在所有底部极柱3下部,所述集流软排10用于采集所有电池的温度及电压值,并传送至PCBA13,底部极柱3上由于取消了现有设计中的电池固定架,则有空间设置集流软排10。所述集流软排10包括绝缘外壁,所述绝缘外壁内设有若干平行设置的金属丝,所述金属丝在设定位置伸出绝缘外壁,并与所述第一温度传感器11和所述第一压力传感器12电连通,以及模组中设置的所有温度传感器、压力传感器以及振动传感器,此处也要说明的是,为了表明清楚不同处的传感器,故称为“第一、第二……”,集流软排10的设计减少了内部电线的密集排列,保证内部结构的简洁性。
本超级模组的工作原理是:电池模组在工作时,通过内部的固态均温介质16和液态均温介质17不断均热,但不可避免的出现电池热失控时,首先热失控电池周围的电桥熔断,使得该电池热隔离,电池由于高温,会从其顶部的热泄压阀4喷火,此时,在所述电池5上部的所述绝缘聚脲层14的外侧设有以中心点为交点的散射状浅划痕25,如图8所示,可以是十字形划痕,中心点对应在所述泄压阀上方,喷火时,则冲破绝缘聚脲层14上的散射状浅划痕25,火焰余烬回落在聚脲层的外侧,聚脲层外的保温涂层隔离了外热对腔内电池的热影响,阻断了热失控喷出的高热蔓延到周边电池上,继而引发连锁热失控的热传导通道,同时,由于高温则启动在电池5上部的降温管36。
降温管如图10所示,完全覆盖所有电池顶部,但不局限于图中S形的排列,也可以是环形排列,降温管36可通过第三结构胶43连接在绝缘聚脲层14外部,具体的说,如图2、图4所示,所述降温管36内填充有粉末状的固固二次相变材料26和压力气体,所述降温管36包括管体和位于所述管体两端的接口40,所述管体相对所述顶部极柱2处设有喷淋口27,所述喷淋口27用热熔材料封闭,高温使得降温管喷口处的热熔材料融化,使得固固二次相变材料26喷出;
如图3和4所示,喷淋口27朝向电池的方向。
如图7所示,所述固固二次相变材料26包括固态气凝胶微囊28,所述固态气凝胶微囊28内包裹有固态无机盐29,气凝胶微囊为固态,这样使得喷洒出来材料为粉末状材料。但在气凝胶微囊内的无机盐吸热后第一次相变为液态,液态物质在没有足够大的压力的情况下无法穿越微囊,材料外观仍呈现固态;再次吸热后第二次相变为气态,虽部分蒸发出微囊,但微囊外部仍呈现固态,二次相变,材料外部一直保持固态,二次相变可大量吸热。管路上的向下喷口对着非解压阀开口处,喷下粉末后,形成粉堆,像“冷帽”戴在电池顶部,电池热是向上走的,容易与“冷帽”热交换。
Claims (11)
1.一种降温管(36),其特征在于,包括管体;
所述管体内填充有粉末状的固固二次相变材料(26)和压力气体,对应电池(5)升温时,所述降温管(36)向所述电池(5)喷洒所述固固二次相变材料(26);
所述固固二次相变材料(26)包括固态气凝胶微囊(28),所述固态气凝胶微囊(28)内包裹有固态无机盐(29)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的降温管(36),其特征在于,所述降温管(36)包括位于所述管体两端的接口(40)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的降温管(36),其特征在于,所述管体设有喷淋口(27),所述喷淋口(27)用热熔材料封闭。
4.根据权利要求3所述的降温管(36),其特征在于,所述喷淋口(27) 的热熔材料能够在高温下融化,使得固固二次相变材料(26)呈粉末状喷出。
5.根据权利要求3所述的降温管(36),其特征在于,所述喷淋口(27)朝向电池(5)的方向。
6.根据权利要求3所述的降温管(36),其特征在于,所述喷淋口(27)设置于对应电池(5)顶部极柱的位置。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的降温管(36),其特征在于,所述降温管(36)为S形的排列或环形排列。
8.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的降温管(36),其特征在于,所述降温管(36) 覆盖所有电池(5)顶部。
9.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的降温管(36),其特征在于,所述固态气凝胶微囊(28)内的无机盐吸热后能够第一次相变为液态,再次吸热后能够第二次相变为气态,并大量吸热。
10.根据权利要求9所述的降温管(36),其特征在于,固态气凝胶微囊(28)能够在所述第一次相比和第二次相变后外观仍呈现固态。
11.一种固态气凝胶微囊(28),其特征在于,所述固态气凝胶微囊(28)内包裹有固态无机盐(29);无机盐吸热后能够第一次相变为液态,再次吸热后能够第二次相变为气态,并大量吸热。
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