CN113639642A - Method for detecting hole length and heating hidden danger of composite insulator core rod - Google Patents
Method for detecting hole length and heating hidden danger of composite insulator core rod Download PDFInfo
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- CN113639642A CN113639642A CN202111056309.9A CN202111056309A CN113639642A CN 113639642 A CN113639642 A CN 113639642A CN 202111056309 A CN202111056309 A CN 202111056309A CN 113639642 A CN113639642 A CN 113639642A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- AXDJCCTWPBKUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-aminophenyl)-(4-imino-3-methylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]aniline;hydron;chloride Chemical compound Cl.C1=CC(=N)C(C)=CC1=C(C=1C=CC(N)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 AXDJCCTWPBKUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting the length of a hole of a composite insulator core rod and the grade of a heating hidden danger, which is characterized in that the relation between the diameter of the hole in the core rod and the length is counted in a data counting mode, a discrete distribution diagram is drawn, the diameter corresponds to a fit line of the maximum value and the minimum value of the length, a formula of the fit line is calculated, then the core rod to be detected is sliced, the position of the hole is determined by a dye penetration method, the diameter of the hole is measured by an optical microscope, and then the length of the hole is estimated by the fit formula; the method disclosed by the invention can realize the rapid detection of the pore size of the core rod at lower cost, and effectively avoids the heating fault caused by the core rod in the initial operation stage of the composite insulator by proposing corresponding requirements on the pore diameter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hole length detection, in particular to a method for detecting the hole length and the heating hidden trouble of a composite insulator core rod.
Background
Compared with the traditional ceramic and glass insulator, the composite insulator has the advantages of light weight, high specific strength, convenience in replacement and strong pollution flashover resistance, so that the composite insulator is commonly used in ultrahigh voltage AC/DC lines in China; however, as the number of the mandrel rod is increased, the influence caused by the difference in product quality is gradually highlighted, and the abnormal heating and the abnormal breakage failure of the rotten shape are collectively expressed, and both of the abnormal heating and the abnormal breakage failure are related to the quality of the mandrel rod; the fault investigation result of the operating insulator shows that the composite insulator with a large pore structure in the core rod has high heating fault rate in operation, and further develops into a rotten fracture accident, which seriously affects the safe operation of the power transmission line; therefore, the requirement on the pore size of the meshed composite insulator core rod is required, and a corresponding detection method is provided.
The detection methods proposed by the current composite insulator and core rod related standards (DL/T1580, GB/T19519 and GB/T22079) comprise a dye penetration test and a water diffusion test; although the electrical insulation and the aging resistance of the core rod can be evaluated to a certain degree, certain problems still exist; on one hand, the composite insulator passing the test requirement still has higher abnormal heating fault rate, and the heating fault of the network-connected insulator cannot be avoided by adopting the existing method; on the other hand, the existing method cannot realize accurate detection of the pore size, so that higher requirements for core rod detection cannot be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the existing defects and provides a method for detecting the pore length and the heating hidden danger level of a composite insulator core rod, which can realize the rapid detection of the pore size of the core rod at lower cost, effectively avoid the heating fault caused by the core rod of the composite insulator at the initial stage of operation by proposing corresponding requirements on the pore diameter and effectively solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for detecting the length of a hole of a core rod of a composite insulator comprises the following steps:
s1: manufacturing sample wafers, cutting the sample wafers perpendicular to the axis of the core rod to obtain a plurality of groups of sample wafers, and polishing the cut surfaces at two ends of the sample wafers;
s2: determining the position of the pore, and determining the position of the pore by using a dye penetration method;
s3: measuring the pore diameter of the permeation position by using a microscope;
s4: and predicting the range of the pore length according to the pore diameter, and calculating the range of the pore length corresponding to the measured pore diameter value through a fitting formula.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the thickness of the sample wafer is between 1mm and 10mm, and the sections of two ends of the sample wafer are parallel.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the sample wafer needs to be polished smooth by 180-mesh fine abrasive cloth before dye infiltration.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the microscope used for measuring the pore diameter is an optical microscope.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the diameter and the length of partial pores of the finished product of the batch are sampled and measured by X-ray three-dimensional microscopic measurement and/or dye penetration measurement, and the results are counted and a fitting formula is formulated, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps: void length L, void diameter d;
Lmax = 18d
Lmin = 4.875d
Lmin≤L≤Lmax 。
a method for detecting heating hidden danger of a composite insulator core rod comprises the following steps:
s1: grouping and measuring the core rods according to different heating hidden danger levels, and measuring the diameters of inner pores of the core rods;
s2: counting the number of pores in different groups according to the diameter ranges of the pores;
s3: determining the pore diameter distribution intervals of the inner part of the core rod with different levels of heating hidden troubles;
s4: and comparing the measured value of the pores of the core rod to be measured with the distribution area in the S3, and establishing the heating hidden danger level of the core rod to be measured.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, when the diameter of the pore is less than 30 μm, the core rod has no hidden danger of heating; when the diameter of the pore is between 30 and 150 micrometers, the core rod has low hidden danger of heating; when the pore diameter is larger than 150 μm, the core rod has high heat generation hidden trouble.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method which can be used for detecting the length of the pore in the core rod at present comprises an X-ray three-dimensional microscope and dye penetration; the X-ray three-dimensional microscope is high-precision detection equipment, on one hand, the detection cost is high, the detection cost for one time is more than 3000 yuan, and the boundary threshold of pore pixels is determined by cooperation of technicians, so that the X-ray three-dimensional microscope is difficult to be used for detecting the core rod consumables used in batches; on the other hand, the scanning area of the X-ray three-dimensional microscope is limited, the diameter of the scanning area is not more than 1500 mu m, the length of the scanning area is not more than 1200 mu m, and the detection requirement of the length of a large-size 'communication hole' is not met; dye penetration can be used for detecting large-size through holes, but only can judge whether the pore size exceeds the length of a sample, and the accurate size of the sample cannot be measured;
the method for detecting the length of the hole of the core rod of the composite insulator can accurately judge the length of the hole, has low detection cost and high detection efficiency, takes a common optical microscope as detection equipment, and can be suitable for factory detection of core rod products.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the internal space and size of a core rod under an X-ray three-dimensional microscope;
FIG. 2 shows the dye permeation test results of a sample with the shape and thickness of 10mm of the connecting hole in the core rod;
FIG. 3 is a relationship between "via" diameter and length;
FIG. 4 is a layout diagram of pore size differences in core rods with different levels of heating degrees;
FIG. 5 is an image of a sample taken by an optical microscope.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The composite insulator core rod is a typical epoxy resin-based glass fiber reinforced material, the material is generally processed by adopting a soaking-pultrusion production process, and the soaking liquid has high viscosity, so that the complete soaking of all glass fibers cannot be ensured within a limited time; at the infiltration failure part, a pore structure with a corresponding size is formed inside the core rod.
As shown in fig. 1, the internal pore structure of the core rod material is analyzed by using an X-ray three-dimensional microscope technology, pores of the core rod material are generally linear and distributed along glass fibers, the diameter of the pores is 2 μm-10 μm, the length of the pores is less than 300 μm, and independent pores do not influence the performance of the core rod due to small size; however, in the pore-dense region, pores are communicated with each other due to the difference in the pore extension direction;
as shown in figure 2, the length of the whole structure of the connecting through hole exceeds the scanning area, the length is more than 1200 mu m, and the length of the connecting through hole can reach more than 10mm according to the dye penetration test result, thereby obviously influencing the performance of the core rod.
Analyzing the size of the pore structure in the scanning area, wherein the 'communicating holes' are formed by mutually communicating 'linear holes', and the correlation between the diameter and the length of the 'communicating holes' meets the statistical rule;
as shown in fig. 3, the length of the "communication hole" in the scanning area is 4.875 to 18 times the diameter, and the ratio of the pores exceeding the upper limit and the lower limit of the length is less than 5.3%, so that the pore length can be calculated by measuring the pore diameter, and the fitting formula is Lmax = 18d and Lmin = 4.875 d.
As shown in FIG. 4, the core rods with heat generation potential are selected respectively, and the numbers are sample 1 and sample 2, and compared with the pore size of the normal core rod number sample 3, it is found that the core rod with heat generation potential has a "through hole", the diameter of the through hole exceeds 150 μm, and the normal core rod does not contain the "through hole" or the "through hole" is smaller than the diameter of 30 μm.
Cutting the core rod along the direction vertical to the axis to obtain a sample wafer with the thickness of 1mm, and polishing two end surfaces of the sample wafer by using 180-mesh fine sand paper to ensure that the two end surfaces are parallel and smooth;
taking a container, paving a steel ball or glass ball substrate layer with the ball diameter of 1-2mm at the bottom of the container, and paving a sample to the surface of the substrate layer to ensure that the fiber in the sample is vertical;
filling 1% fuchsin ethanol solution dye into the container, soaking for 15min, wherein the liquid level is higher than the lower end face of the sample wafer and lower than the upper end face of the sample wafer;
selecting a corresponding part, and observing the sample by using a 50-fold come card optical microscope with the model DM 2700M;
the result is shown in FIG. 5, the pore distribution diameter in the observation region is about 200 μm, and the length thereof should be 970-3600 μm based on the method of the present invention, and the result is verified by the dye permeation test result of the adjacent sample slice, and the verification result shows that the length of the pore is 3000-4000 μm; the method is consistent with the prediction result of the method disclosed by the invention.
The method for detecting the length of the hole of the composite insulator core rod and the grade of the hidden heating danger comprises the steps of counting the relation between the diameter of the hole in the core rod and the length in a data counting mode, drawing a discrete distribution diagram, calculating a formula of a fit line with the diameter corresponding to the maximum value and the minimum value of the length, then slicing the core rod to be detected, determining the position of the hole by using a dye penetration method, measuring the diameter of the hole by using an optical microscope, and then estimating the length of the hole by using the fit formula; the method disclosed by the invention can realize the rapid detection of the pore size of the core rod at lower cost, and effectively avoids the heating fault caused by the core rod in the initial operation stage of the composite insulator by proposing corresponding requirements on the pore diameter.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. A method for detecting the length of a hole of a core rod of a composite insulator is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: manufacturing sample wafers, cutting the sample wafers perpendicular to the axis of the core rod to obtain a plurality of groups of sample wafers, and polishing the cut surfaces at two ends of the sample wafers;
s2: determining the position of the pore, and determining the position of the pore by using a dye penetration method;
s3: measuring the pore diameter of the permeation position by using a microscope;
s4: and predicting the range of the pore length according to the pore diameter, and calculating the range of the pore length corresponding to the measured pore diameter value through a fitting formula.
2. The method for detecting the length of the hole of the core rod of the composite insulator according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the thickness of the sample wafer is between 1mm and 10mm, and the sections of the two ends of the sample wafer are parallel.
3. The method for detecting the length of the hole of the core rod of the composite insulator according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: before dye permeation, the sample piece needs to be polished smooth by 180-mesh fine abrasive cloth.
4. The method for detecting the length of the hole of the core rod of the composite insulator according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the microscope used for pore diameter determination was an optical microscope.
5. The method for detecting the length of the hole of the core rod of the composite insulator according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: sampling and measuring the diameter and the length of partial pores of the finished product of the batch by X-ray three-dimensional microscopic measurement and/or dye penetration measurement, and counting the result and formulating a fitting formula, wherein the specific steps are as follows: void length L, void diameter d;
Lmax = 18d
Lmin = 4.875d
Lmin≤L≤Lmax 。
6. a method for detecting heating hidden danger of a composite insulator core rod is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: grouping and measuring the core rods according to different heating hidden danger levels, and measuring the diameters of inner pores of the core rods;
s2: counting the number of pores in different groups according to the diameter ranges of the pores;
s3: determining the pore diameter distribution intervals of the inner part of the core rod with different levels of heating hidden troubles;
s4: and comparing the measured value of the pores of the core rod to be measured with the distribution area in the S3, and establishing the heating hidden danger level of the core rod to be measured.
7. The method for detecting the length of the hole of the core rod of the composite insulator according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the diameter of the pore is less than 30 mu m, the core rod has no hidden heat generation trouble; when the diameter of the pore is between 30 and 150 micrometers, the core rod has low hidden danger of heating; when the pore diameter is larger than 150 μm, the core rod has high heat generation hidden trouble.
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| CN202111056309.9A CN113639642A (en) | 2021-09-09 | 2021-09-09 | Method for detecting hole length and heating hidden danger of composite insulator core rod |
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| CN202111056309.9A CN113639642A (en) | 2021-09-09 | 2021-09-09 | Method for detecting hole length and heating hidden danger of composite insulator core rod |
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Cited By (1)
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