CN113638228B - 一种高界面强度纤维复合材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高界面强度纤维复合材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113638228B
CN113638228B CN202111008986.3A CN202111008986A CN113638228B CN 113638228 B CN113638228 B CN 113638228B CN 202111008986 A CN202111008986 A CN 202111008986A CN 113638228 B CN113638228 B CN 113638228B
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陈小明
温凯强
张洁
邵金友
王春江
李祥明
田洪淼
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Abstract

一种高界面强度纤维复合材料的制备方法，包括浸料、电场辅助浸润及高温固化；浸料是先将液态树脂放入树脂槽内；纤维进入到树脂槽内浸润液态树脂，经过液态树脂淋浴使纤维和液态树脂充分浸润；电场辅助浸润及高温固化是将经过液态树脂淋浴浸润的纤维通过带有电场的高温电场箱，电场驱动液态树脂流动，使液态树脂与纤维进一步润湿；在电场辅助浸润的同时，进行高温固化，使液态树脂固化在纤维表面的微沟槽里，形成机械啮合，制得高界面强度纤维复合材料；本发明在不改性纤维，过多增加工序的条件下有效改善纤维与液态树脂的润湿效率，显著增加复合材料的界面强度，提高复合材料的综合性能。

Description

一种高界面强度纤维复合材料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于复合材料制备技术领域，具体涉及一种高界面强度纤维复合材料的制备方法。
背景技术
在纤维增强树脂基复合材料中，纤维起到增强作用，而树脂基体则使复合材料成型为一承载外力的整体，并通过界面传递载荷于纤维，因此它对复合材料的技术性能、成型工艺等都有直接的影响。对于树脂基复合材料，界面机械啮合对于改善纤维与基体间的粘合性能是极为有利的，界面粘合强度的增加可使纤维的增强作用得以更有效地发挥，因为当复合材料受到外力作用时，除增强材料和基体受力外，界面亦起着极其重要的作用，只有通过界面进行应力传递，才能使纤维和基体应力均衡分布，因此界面性质和状态直接影响复合材料的综合力学性能和热性能。
在纤维增强树脂基复合材料中，尽管纤维具有高强度、高模量等突出优势，但是其极强的表面惰性，致使纤维与基体的界面结合极弱，界面往往成为复合材料的应力集中区域，极大地削弱了复合材料的整体力学性能，因此界面性能的提高成为提高纤维多轴向复合材料甚至整个纤维复合材料性能的主要课题之一。目前主要的方法是通过物理或化学反应使纤维表面的表面形貌变得的粗糙，表面极性增加，加强纤维与基体树脂的界面结合，提高复合材料界面性能，最终改善复合材料力学性能。普遍采用的改性方法主要包括电化学改性、偶联剂处理、化学接枝、电聚合、表面涂层、化学气相沉积、氧化、等离子体等方法。
然而，综合纤维表面改性的众多科研结果发现，常规纤维改性技术多为化学改性，尽管其反应速率快，效果明显，但在改性过程中难以控制，容易损伤纤维内部，从而降低纤维的强度，这也是纤维表面改性的难点。新型改性技术多为物理改性方法，对本体的伤害小，但由于新型改性技术对设备的要求较高，成本大，这也是制约其发展的重要原因。纤维改性技术的关键都在于提高纤维与基体的结合程度，从而提高复合材料的性能。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的缺点，本发明的目的在于提供了一种高界面强度纤维复合材料的制备方法，在不改性纤维，过多增加工序的条件下有效改善纤维与液态树脂的润湿效率，显著增加复合材料的界面强度，提高复合材料的综合性能。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案为：
一种高界面强度纤维复合材料的制备方法，包括浸料、电场辅助浸润及高温固化；
浸料：先将液态树脂放入树脂槽内；纤维进入到树脂槽内浸润液态树脂，经过液态树脂淋浴使纤维和液态树脂充分浸润；
电场辅助浸润及高温固化：将经过液态树脂淋浴浸润的纤维通过带有电场的高温电场箱，电场驱动液态树脂流动，使液态树脂与纤维进一步润湿；
在电场辅助浸润的同时，进行高温固化，使液态树脂固化在纤维表面的微沟槽里，形成机械啮合，制得高界面强度纤维复合材料。
所述的电场为1～100KV/cm，高温为50～300℃。
所述的高温电场箱的电场为交变电场或均匀电场，或依据对复合材料性能的不同要求，设计的非均匀电场。
本发明的有益效果：本发明将电场辅助浸润引入到复合材料的制备过程中，由于电场可驱动液态树脂流动，使液态树脂充分填充纤维表面的微沟槽，使液态树脂与纤维进一步润湿；同时进行高温固化，使液态树脂固化在纤维表面的微沟槽里，形成机械啮合。在不改性纤维，过多增加工序的条件下有效改善纤维与液态树脂的润湿效率，显著增加复合材料的界面强度，提高复合材料的综合性能。
附图说明
图1为本发明带有交变电场/均匀电场的高温电场箱的示意图。
图2为本发明润湿原理示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图和实施例对本发明做详细说明。
一种高界面强度纤维复合材料的制备方法，包括浸料、电场辅助浸润及高温固化；
浸料：先将液态树脂1放入树脂槽内；纤维2进入到树脂槽内浸润液态树脂1，经过液态树脂1淋浴使纤维2和液态树脂充分浸润；
电场辅助浸润及高温固化：将经过液态树脂1淋浴浸润的纤维2通过带有电场的高温电场箱5(50～300℃)，如图1所示，高温电场箱5包括通过电场U(1～100KV/cm)连接的第一电极3和第二电极4；电场U驱动液态树脂1流动，使液态树脂1与纤维2进一步润湿；
在电场辅助浸润的同时，进行高温固化，使液态树脂1固化在纤维2表面的微沟槽里，形成机械啮合，如图2所示，制得高界面强度纤维复合材料。
所述的液态树脂是热塑性树脂或热固性树脂；热塑性树脂为聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚酰胺、聚苯醚、聚苯硫醚、聚醚醚酮、聚醚酮、聚砜或液晶聚合物的一种或多种；热固性树脂为酚醛、环氧、氨基、不饱和聚酯或硅醚树脂。
所述的纤维是碳纤维、晴纶、涤纶或玻璃纤维等。
所述的纤维是普通纤维，或是经过电化学表面处理、电聚合、电沉积、化学接枝聚合物、化学接枝无机物、光表面接枝、等离子体接枝、辐射接枝、化学气相沉积、聚合物涂层、晶须生长、上亲水性浆料、表面刻蚀或者磁控溅射的表面处理的纤维。
所述的纤维是单根纤维或一束纤维，或是纤维布或者纤维板材。
本发明可以在不处理纤维，过多增加工序的条件下有效改善纤维与树脂的润湿效率，可使树脂充分填充纤维表面的微沟槽，使树脂与纤维进一步润湿，同时，进行高温固化，使树脂固化在纤维表面的微沟槽里，形成机械啮合，并且增加了纤维与树脂的接触面积，有效增强复合材料界面强度。

Claims (1)

1.一种高界面强度纤维复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括浸料、电场辅助浸润及高温固化；
浸料：先将液态树脂放入树脂槽内；纤维进入到树脂槽内浸润液态树脂，经过液态树脂淋浴使纤维和液态树脂充分浸润；
电场辅助浸润及高温固化：将经过液态树脂淋浴浸润的纤维通过带有电场的高温电场箱，电场驱动液态树脂流动，使液态树脂与纤维进一步润湿；
在电场辅助浸润的同时，进行高温固化，使液态树脂固化在纤维表面的微沟槽里，形成机械啮合，制得高界面强度纤维复合材料；
所述的带有电场的高温电场箱的电场为1～100KV/cm，高温为50～300℃；
所述的高温电场箱的电场为交变电场或均匀电场，或依据对复合材料性能的不同要求，设计的非均匀电场；
所述的液态树脂是热塑性树脂或热固性树脂；热塑性树脂为聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚酰胺、聚苯醚、聚苯硫醚、聚醚醚酮、聚醚酮、聚砜或液晶聚合物的一种或多种；热固性树脂为酚醛、环氧、氨基、不饱和聚酯或硅醚树脂；
所述的纤维是碳纤维、腈 纶、涤纶或玻璃纤维；
所述的纤维是普通纤维，或是经过电化学表面处理、电聚合、电沉积、化学接枝聚合物、化学接枝无机物、光表面接枝、等离子体接枝、辐射接枝、化学气相沉积、聚合物涂层、晶须生长、上亲水性浆料、表面刻蚀或者磁控溅射的表面处理的纤维；
所述的纤维是单根纤维或一束纤维，或是纤维布或者纤维板材。
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