CN113636711B - Assembled revetment type aerobic/anoxic/aerobic constructed wetland system and application thereof - Google Patents
Assembled revetment type aerobic/anoxic/aerobic constructed wetland system and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113636711B CN113636711B CN202110058253.4A CN202110058253A CN113636711B CN 113636711 B CN113636711 B CN 113636711B CN 202110058253 A CN202110058253 A CN 202110058253A CN 113636711 B CN113636711 B CN 113636711B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
- C02F3/302—Nitrification and denitrification treatment
- C02F3/305—Nitrification and denitrification treatment characterised by the denitrification
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
- C02F3/302—Nitrification and denitrification treatment
- C02F3/303—Nitrification and denitrification treatment characterised by the nitrification
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
- C02F2101/163—Nitrates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
- C02F2101/166—Nitrites
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/08—Chemical Oxygen Demand [COD]; Biological Oxygen Demand [BOD]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/14—NH3-N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/16—Total nitrogen (tkN-N)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of sewage treatment, and particularly relates to an assembled revetment type aerobic/anoxic/aerobic constructed wetland system and application thereof. The sewage is subjected to water quality improvement treatment through a three-stage stepped reaction zone which is sequentially formed by aerobic reaction, anoxic reaction and aerobic reaction, wherein: the water flow in the aerobic zone enters the anoxic zone from bottom to top to continue to react, and the water flow in the anoxic zone flows to form a second-stage anoxic state due to lower dissolved oxygen in the sewage, the water discharged from the anoxic zone overflows at the top and enters the third-stage aerobic zone from top to bottom, so that the whole system always presents an 'aerobic-anoxic-aerobic' alternating treatment mode, compared with the traditional artificial wetland, the occupied area is greatly saved, the three-stage treatment process has the advantages of simple operation and management of the traditional artificial wetland and the like, the biological treatment process in the artificial wetland is enhanced by the three-stage treatment process, the denitrification and dephosphorization effects are improved by the functional filler, the water quality is obviously improved, and the water quality of the water discharged reaches the standard.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of sewage treatment, and particularly relates to an assembled revetment type aerobic/anoxic/aerobic constructed wetland system and application thereof.
Background
The constructed wetland sewage treatment system is used as a sewage ecological treatment process which has low construction and operation cost, simple operation and management and easy maintenance, and is widely applied to the processes of small sewage treatment, initial rainwater surface runoff, tail water of sewage plants and the like which need to further improve the water quality. However, the traditional constructed wetland is generally built into a gabion or a green natural paving, on one hand, the occupied area is large, on the other hand, the traditional constructed wetland cannot be used for treating sewage with higher concentration, otherwise, the filler is easy to block, and the system is paralyzed, so that the traditional constructed wetland is generally used for treating tail water of a sewage treatment plant with low pollutant concentration, on the other hand, the traditional constructed wetland has low efficiency of removing organic matters and nitrogen and phosphorus, and has very limited water quality treatment and purification effects. For primary rainwater or first-level A discharged sewage of a sewage treatment plant, the water quality of the primary rainwater or the first-level A discharged sewage is treated to reach the quality standard class IV index of the surface water environment, and the technical difficulty of adopting the traditional constructed wetland is great.
In recent years, assembled structures are greatly developed under the support of China, and are sequentially pushed in various places, and the construction mode of assembled structures has become a building trend. The assembled structure has higher construction efficiency, can effectively reduce the construction period, and reduces the influence of construction on the surrounding environment. CN211921207U proposes an assembled revetment type constructed wetland system, which can realize landscaping of urban waterfront, however, the constructed wetland system has weak removal capability of nitrogen, phosphorus and COD, and is difficult to promote water quality to reach the surface class IV standard.
CN210595665U discloses an anoxic biofilter-aerobic constructed wetland sewage treatment system, which combines a biofilter and a constructed wetland, but the biofilter has poor denitrification and nitrate nitrogen removal capability, and has high energy consumption due to aerobic aeration, and the system has very limited effect of removing phosphorus by adopting a biological method, so that the water quality is difficult to reach the surface IV standard by adopting the system.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an assembled revetment type constructed wetland system with small occupied area and capability of remarkably improving water quality and application thereof, and aims to solve the technical problems of large occupied area and poor sewage water quality improvement effect of the constructed wetland system in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides an assembled revetment type aerobic/anoxic/aerobic constructed wetland system, which comprises a first-stage aerobic reaction zone, a second-stage anoxic reaction zone and a third-stage aerobic reaction zone, wherein the first-stage aerobic reaction zone, the second-stage anoxic reaction zone and the third-stage aerobic reaction zone are arranged adjacently and are isolated from each other, and the third-stage aerobic reaction zone is formed by stepwise descending in three stages:
the first-stage aerobic reaction zone and the third-stage aerobic reaction zone are provided with functional fillers for treating sewage under aerobic conditions, and the second-stage anoxic reaction zone is provided with functional fillers for treating sewage under anoxic conditions; the filler is a multi-layer filler obtained by modularized assembly; the first-stage aerobic reaction zone, the second-stage anoxic reaction zone and the third-stage aerobic reaction zone are assembled by prefabricated components;
The water inlet pipe of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone is arranged at the top of the aerobic reaction zone, the water inlet pipe is a perforated jet type water inlet pipe, and the water outlet pipe of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone is arranged at the bottom of the aerobic reaction zone; the water outlet pipe of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone is communicated with the water inlet pipe of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone; the water inlet pipe of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone is arranged at the bottom of the anoxic reaction zone, the anoxic reaction zone is not provided with a water outlet pipe, and the water outlet pipe overflows from the top to enter the third-stage aerobic reaction zone; the water outlet pipe of the third-stage aerobic reaction zone is arranged at the bottom of the aerobic reaction zone, and the aerobic reaction zone is not provided with a water inlet pipe;
when the device is used, the inflow water of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone enters the aerobic reaction zone through the jet flow of the perforated jet flow type water inlet pipe arranged at the top of the aerobic reaction zone, and dissolved oxygen is generated in the jet flow process, so that the aerobic state of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone is ensured; the effluent of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone is discharged through an outlet pipe at the bottom and is communicated with an inlet pipe of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone; the water inlet pipe of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone is arranged at the bottom of the anoxic reaction zone, the concentration of the dissolved oxygen in the effluent of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone is low, and the second-stage anoxic reaction zone is fed with water from the bottom to form an anoxic state of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone; the effluent of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone overflows from the top of the anoxic reaction zone to enter a third-stage aerobic reaction zone; and the effluent of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone dissolves oxygen in the overflow process, so that the aerobic state of the third-stage aerobic reaction zone is ensured.
Preferably, the prefabricated parts include an L-shaped prefabricated part and an inverted T-shaped prefabricated part; the constructed wetland system comprises the following steps when being assembled:
the L-shaped prefabricated parts are spliced in pairs in the longitudinal direction to form a first-stage aerobic reaction zone and a second-stage anoxic reaction zone, and the L-shaped prefabricated parts and the inverted T-shaped prefabricated parts are spliced in pairs in the longitudinal direction to form a third-stage aerobic reaction zone; and gradient construction is realized below the prefabricated part through an earthwork cushion layer, so that a first-stage aerobic reaction zone, a second-stage anoxic reaction zone and a third-stage aerobic reaction zone form a step-by-step fall shape in the longitudinal direction.
Preferably, the constructed wetland system, when assembled, further comprises: the L-shaped prefabricated parts or the inverted T-shaped prefabricated parts are spliced in a pairwise transverse mode on the same horizontal height and are transversely connected through high-strength bolts, so that a plurality of groups of constructed wetland systems consisting of a first-stage aerobic reaction zone, a second-stage anoxic reaction zone and a third-stage aerobic reaction zone are formed in the transverse direction.
Preferably, after the transverse and longitudinal splicing of the prefabricated components is completed, the two ends are cast with concrete in situ to obtain a closed constructed wetland system consisting of a plurality of groups of first-stage aerobic reaction areas, second-stage anoxic reaction areas and third-stage aerobic reaction areas.
Preferably, the waterproof coiled material is arranged at the splicing position of the precast slabs so as to improve waterproof sealing performance and prevent groundwater pollution.
Preferably, the top of the L-shaped prefabricated part shared by the first-stage aerobic reaction zone and the second-stage anoxic reaction zone is 0.25-0.5m higher than the top of the filler in the first-stage aerobic reaction zone so as to prevent water in the first-stage aerobic reaction zone from overflowing;
the top of the L-shaped prefabricated part shared by the second-stage anoxic reaction zone and the third-stage aerobic reaction zone is 0.1-0.2m higher than the top of the filler in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone, so that the water in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone overflows to the third-stage aerobic reaction zone, and the filler is prevented from flowing out along with the water;
the top of the inverted T-shaped prefabricated part adopted in the third-stage aerobic reaction zone is 0.25-0.5m higher than the top of the filler in the aerobic reaction zone so as to prevent water in the third-stage aerobic reaction zone from overflowing.
Preferably, the perforated jet flow type water inlet pipe, the water outlet pipe of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone, the water inlet pipe of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone and the water outlet pipe of the third-stage aerobic reaction zone adopted in the first-stage aerobic reaction zone all adopt perforated water distribution pipes, the pipe wall of each water distribution pipe is provided with a plurality of rows of holes, and two rows of holes are preferably arranged at 45 degrees below the pipe wall of each water distribution pipe; so that the water can flow out evenly, and the pore size is far smaller than the functional filler size, so as to avoid the filler from blocking the water distribution pipe.
Preferably, the perforated water distribution pipes are all PVC pipes, double rows of small holes are uniformly formed in the pipes, the aperture is 0.8-1cm, the hole spacing is 8-10cm, and the angles between the double rows of small holes and the pipe shafts of the perforated water distribution pipes are 45-60 degrees respectively.
Preferably, the fillers in the first-stage aerobic reaction zone, the second-stage anoxic reaction zone and the third-stage aerobic reaction zone are in modularized and multi-layer assembly design, so that the fillers can be replaced at any time after being blocked and failed.
Preferably, the functional filler arranged in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone comprises sponge iron, the sponge iron releases Fe (II) and Fe (III) under the action of microbial corrosion and micro-electrolysis, and the Fe (II) is oxidized into Fe (III) under the action of iron oxidizing bacteria, and hydrolysis is carried out to generate hydroxide and polynuclear hydroxyl complex; the physical adsorption of sponge iron to phosphorus-containing pollutant, the chemical adsorption of indissolvable compound produced by Fe (III) and phosphate on the surface of sponge iron, and the adsorption of ferric hydroxide and polynuclear hydroxy complex are used to remove phosphorus from sewage.
Preferably, the functional filler arranged in the first-stage aerobic reaction zone and the third-stage aerobic reaction zone comprises three layers from top to bottom, wherein the first layer is fine pebbles or gravels, the particle size is 5-10mm, and the height is 20-30cm; the second layer is haydite with particle size of 5-10mm and height of 30-40cm; the third layer is cobblestone with particle diameter of 10-30mm and height of 20-30cm;
The functional filler arranged in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone comprises four layers from top to bottom, wherein the first layer is fine pebbles and/or gravels, the particle size is 5-10mm, and the height is about 15-20cm; the second layer is sponge iron with particle diameter of 5-10mm and height of 5-10cm; the third layer is volcanic rock with particle size of 5-10mm and height of 30-40cm; the fourth layer is cobblestone with particle diameter of 10-30mm and height of 20-30cm.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an application of the constructed wetland system for improving the quality of initial rainwater, dispersed domestic sewage or tail water of sewage treatment plants.
Preferably, the tail water of the sewage treatment plant is the first-stage A discharge tail water of the sewage treatment plant.
According to another aspect of the invention, a method for improving the quality of the first-stage A discharged tail water of a sewage treatment plant by using the constructed wetland system is provided, and comprises the following steps:
(1) Taking the tail water discharged by the first stage A of the sewage treatment plant as the water inlet of the first stage aerobic reaction zone, spraying and oxygenating by jet flow to reach an aerobic state, and converting part of organic pollutants in the tail water in the first stage aerobic reaction zone under the action of aerobic microorganisms to generate carbon dioxide and water, wherein nitrogen-containing substances generate nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen under the action of nitrifying bacteria;
(2) After the effluent of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone enters from the bottom of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the effluent generate nitrogen under the action of denitrifying bacteria, so that the aim of denitrification is fulfilled; meanwhile, sponge iron is arranged in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone, and phosphorus in the sewage is removed by utilizing physical adsorption of the sponge iron on phosphorus-containing pollutants, chemical adsorption of indissolvable compounds which are generated by Fe (III) and phosphate and cover the surface of the sponge iron and adsorption of ferric hydroxide and polynuclear hydroxyl complex;
(3) The effluent after being treated in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone enters a third-stage aerobic reaction zone through overflow oxygenation, organic pollutants and inorganic matters in the effluent of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone are further removed in an aerobic state, flocs generated in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone are further intercepted, and the water quality is improved.
The artificial wetland system provided by the invention is provided with three zones of 'aerobic-anoxic-aerobic', and tail water of a sewage plant is uniformly discharged to the first-stage aerobic zone artificial wetland through a water collecting pipe. Wherein: the water flow in the aerobic zone enters the anoxic zone from bottom to top to continue reaction, and the flow direction and structure of the water flow in the anoxic zone form a second-stage anoxic state because of lower dissolved oxygen in the sewage, and the water discharged from the anoxic zone overflows at the top and enters the third-stage aerobic zone from top to bottom, so that the whole system always presents an 'aerobic-anoxic-aerobic' alternating treatment mode, and the problems that the nitrogen and phosphorus removal rate is low and the water quality of the water discharged from the existing assembled constructed wetland is difficult to reach the standard are solved.
In addition, in the assembled constructed wetland, a plurality of fillers (such as pebbles, gravels, ceramsite, volcanic rocks and the like) are artificially graded according to a certain proportion, and sponge iron is innovatively added into the fillers in the anoxic zone, so that the phosphorus removal efficiency can be effectively improved. Plants are selectively planted in the constructed wetland filler, and the constructed wetland is cooperatively finished with dominant microorganisms respectively growing in three areas in the prefabricated constructed wetland module through complex physical, chemical and biological actions of a matrix, the plants and the microorganisms. The filler adopts layered assembly combination, so that the filler replacement is simpler, and the problems of difficult filler replacement, low replacement efficiency and the like in the traditional constructed wetland can be effectively solved.
In general, the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention have the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:
(1) The invention provides an assembled revetment type aerobic/anoxic/aerobic (O/A/O) constructed wetland system, which is a small constructed wetland enhanced sewage treatment device. The invention optimizes the artificial wetland based on the traditional artificial wetland, has the advantages of simple operation and management of the traditional artificial wetland, strengthens the biological treatment process in the artificial wetland by the three-stage treatment process, improves the denitrification and dephosphorization effects by the functional filler, and ensures that the effluent quality reaches the standard. Compared with the traditional constructed wetland, the water quality is remarkably improved, and the first-level A discharged sewage of a sewage treatment plant can meet the water quality requirement of the surface water environment quality standard class IV through the treatment of the system, so that the sewage is directly discharged to the urban river.
(2) The invention adopts an 'aerobic-anoxic-aerobic' three-stage treatment process, wherein the water inlet of the first-stage aerobic zone enters in a perforated pipe jet flow mode so as to ensure the aerobic state of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone. The effluent of the first-stage aerobic zone enters from the bottom of the second-stage anoxic zone, and the sewage is low in dissolved oxygen from the effluent of the first-stage aerobic zone, so that air is isolated, and the anoxic state of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone is formed. The effluent from the second-stage anoxic zone overflows into the third-stage aerobic zone to ensure the aerobic state of the third-stage aerobic reaction zone, and the whole system is aerobic-anoxic-aerobic, so that the denitrification and dephosphorization effects are enhanced, and the effluent quality is greatly improved. The invention particularly adopts jet flow or overflow oxygenation to achieve the required micro-oxygen state, so as to replace the traditional aeration oxygenation, reduce energy consumption and meet the requirements of the water quality improvement treatment process.
(3) In the invention, a sponge iron layer is arranged on a second layer from top to bottom of the filling material in the anoxic reaction zone, ferric ions dissolved out by the sponge iron and phosphate form insoluble phosphate precipitation, physical adsorption generated by the huge specific surface area of the sponge iron and the adsorption effect of ferric hydroxide and polynuclear hydroxyl complex jointly remove phosphorus in sewage. The sponge iron filler layer is applied to the constructed wetland, so that the dephosphorization effect is ensured; and the modularized packing design is matched, so that the packing is convenient to replace; in addition, after the sponge iron filler layer is arranged in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone, ferric phosphate floccules generated in the dephosphorization process can be further intercepted in the third-stage aerobic reaction zone so as to ensure the quality of effluent.
(4) The invention adopts the modularized and layered assembly form of the filler, which not only can simplify the paving flow of the filler, but also can simplify and facilitate the replacement of the filler after the internal filler fails. For example, for the sponge iron packing layer, the replacement period of the packing can be set according to the harvesting period of plants, so that the using effect of the packing is ensured.
(5) According to the invention, the prefabricated concrete modules are adopted to build the three-stage reaction zone, so that the influence of construction on the surrounding environment is effectively reduced, and the engineering construction efficiency is improved.
(6) The assembled revetment type constructed wetland system provided by the invention is particularly suitable for the water quality improvement treatment of the first-stage A discharged tail water of the sewage treatment plant, and the first-stage A tail water can reach the standard class IV index of the quality of the surface water environment after being treated by the three-stage constructed wetland treatment system provided by the invention, so that the water quality improvement effect is obvious.
(7) The constructed wetland system provided by the invention can be arranged beside a river bank, tail water of a sewage treatment plant is used as water inlet of the system, and treated water is directly discharged into the upstream of the river, so that certain disturbance and dilution effects can be achieved on the river, and the water quality of the river is prevented from deteriorating. For black and odorous water body rivers, pretreatment such as magnetic flocculation, coagulating sedimentation, ultramicro separation and the like can be carried out on the water body, then the pretreated tail water is introduced into the three-stage treatment system for treatment, and water outlets are arranged at intervals according to the needs after the treatment, so that the black and odorous water body flows, and the aim of treating the black and odorous water body is fulfilled by combining the pretreatment and the purification treatment of the artificial wetland system.
(8) Compared with the traditional constructed wetland, the constructed technical scheme has the advantages of simple construction and management, low operation cost, small occupied area, convenient filler replacement, stable denitrification and dephosphorization effects, good effluent quality and the like, can meet the urban landscape requirements to a certain extent, and provides a new thought for various sewage which needs to further improve the water quality, such as dispersed domestic sewage, medium water which needs advanced treatment, initial rainwater and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an assembled revetment type constructed wetland system according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an L-shaped preform according to the present invention, wherein (a) is a front view and (b) is a left side view;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an inverted T-shaped preform according to the present invention, wherein (a) is a front view and (b) is a left side view;
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the packing in the reaction zone of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a perforated water distribution pipe of the present invention;
the same reference numbers are used throughout the drawings to reference like elements or structures, wherein:
1-a first-stage aerobic reaction zone; 2-a second stage anoxic reaction zone; 3-a third-stage aerobic reaction zone; 4-a water inlet pipe of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone; 5-a water outlet pipe of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone; 6-a water inlet pipe of a second-stage anoxic reaction zone; 7-a water outlet pipe of the third-stage aerobic reaction zone; 8-L-shaped prefabricated parts; 9-inverted T-shaped prefabricated parts; 10-high strength bolts.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention provides an assembled revetment type constructed wetland treatment system and application thereof, aiming at the technical defects that the constructed wetland has large occupied area and basically does not have water quality lifting capacity. According to the system, the first-stage aerobic reaction zone, the second-stage anoxic reaction zone and the third-stage aerobic reaction zone which are arranged in a stepped descending manner are established, and the specific water inlet and outlet setting modes and the selection of functional filler types are matched, so that the occupied area of the constructed wetland is greatly reduced, the water quality lifting capacity of the constructed wetland system is remarkably improved, and the water body needing to be subjected to water quality lifting such as initial rainwater, intermediate water needing to be subjected to advanced treatment or sewage treatment plant first-stage A discharge tail water can be lifted to the water quality requirement of the surface water environment quality standard class IV.
The current sewage treatment plant first-level A effluent standard is: COD is lower than 50mg/L, ammonia nitrogen is lower than 5mg/L, total phosphorus is lower than 0.5mg/L, and total nitrogen is lower than 15mg/L; the quality standard class IV (hereinafter referred to as surface class IV) of the surface water environment requires that COD is reduced to below 30mg/L, ammonia nitrogen is reduced to below 1.5mg/L, total phosphorus is reduced to below 0.3mg/L, and total nitrogen is reduced to below 10 mg/L. Among them, sewage treatment plants generally use chemical agents for treatment of total phosphorus, however, there are treatment limits, and nitrate nitrogen is also the case, and water quality cannot be improved to the surface class IV standard. How to further degrade the total phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen to further improve the water quality, such as reaching the surface IV water quality standard, is a key technical problem to be solved by the invention.
The invention utilizes a river bank zone to build a revetment type constructed wetland system, and utilizes a three-stage ladder type constructed wetland system, which particularly adopts an aerobic-anoxic-aerobic three-stage treatment system and a sequence, wherein a traditional artificial aeration system is not adopted in a first-stage aerobic reaction zone and a third-stage aerobic reaction zone, so that energy is saved, and meanwhile, the invention particularly meets the requirements of the sewage treatment process. The invention uses the water body which is discharged by the first-stage A of a sewage treatment plant or is pretreated to reach the requirement of similar water quality as the water inlet of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone, realizes the aerobic state of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone by means of spraying water inlet dissolved oxygen of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone by means of a jet flow type perforated water inlet pipe, and is in a micro-oxygen state in practice. In addition, the second layer of the functional filler in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone is particularly provided with the sponge iron filler, and the slowly released iron ions are utilized to react with phosphate radical in sewage to generate flocculent ferric phosphate for removal.
The aerobic reaction zone and the anoxic reaction zone of the constructed wetland system of the invention respectively carry out special selection on the types of the fillers so as to meet the requirements of different processes. The method particularly adopts the filler types such as ceramsite, volcanic rock and the like with high porosity and high film forming efficiency, and the water quality improving effect is obvious by fully degrading pollutants through the adsorption and film forming of microorganisms.
The three-level reaction zone is obtained by on-site assembly of prefabricated components, can be used for constructing revetments in river bank zones, and is convenient and quick to construct; in addition, the packing adopted in each reaction zone is in a modularized design, and the required packing layers can be filled according to the requirements of different reaction zones, so that the packing is very convenient to replace. For example, when the sponge iron layer filler needs to be replaced after long-time use, the sponge iron layer filler can be directly taken out for replacement.
In some embodiments of the present invention, there is provided an assembled revetment type aerobic/anoxic/aerobic (O/a/O) constructed wetland system as shown in fig. 1, the device comprises a first-stage aerobic reaction zone 1, a second-stage anoxic reaction zone 2 and a third-stage aerobic reaction zone 3 which are arranged adjacently and isolated from each other, wherein the three stages of the device are in stepped descending:
the first-stage aerobic reaction zone 1 and the third-stage aerobic reaction zone 3 are provided with functional fillers for treating sewage under aerobic conditions, and the second-stage anoxic reaction zone 2 is provided with functional fillers for treating sewage under anoxic conditions; the filler is a multi-layer filler obtained by modularized assembly; the first-stage aerobic reaction zone 1, the second-stage anoxic reaction zone 2 and the third-stage aerobic reaction zone 3 are assembled by prefabricated components.
The water inlet pipe 4 of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone is arranged at the top of the aerobic reaction zone, the water inlet pipe is a perforated jet type water inlet pipe, and the water outlet pipe 5 of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone is arranged at the bottom of the aerobic reaction zone; the water inlet pipe 6 of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone is arranged at the bottom of the anoxic reaction zone, the anoxic reaction zone is not provided with a water outlet pipe, and the water outlet of the anoxic reaction zone overflows from the top to enter the third-stage aerobic reaction zone 3; the third-stage aerobic reaction zone water outlet pipe 7 is arranged at the bottom of the aerobic reaction zone, and the aerobic reaction zone is not provided with a water inlet pipe.
When the device is used, the inflow water of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone 1 enters the aerobic reaction zone through the jet flow of the perforated jet flow type water inlet pipe arranged at the top of the aerobic reaction zone, and oxygen is fully dissolved in the jet flow process so as to ensure the aerobic state of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone 1; the effluent of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone 1 is discharged through a water outlet pipe at the bottom and is communicated with a water inlet pipe of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone 2; the water inlet pipe of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone 2 is arranged at the bottom of the anoxic reaction zone, the concentration of the dissolved oxygen in the effluent of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone 1 is low, and the second-stage anoxic reaction zone 2 is fed with water from the bottom to form an anoxic state of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone 2; the effluent of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone 2 overflows from the top of the anoxic reaction zone to enter a third-stage aerobic reaction zone 3; the effluent is fully dissolved with oxygen in the overflow process, so that the aerobic state of the third-stage aerobic reaction zone 3 is ensured.
In the first-stage aerobic reaction zone 1, part of organic pollutants are utilized and degraded by aerobic microorganisms, and nitrogen elements are converted into nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen through nitrification, so that preparation is made for anoxic denitrification; the perforated jet flow type water inlet pipe of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone is used for uniformly distributing inflow sewage and providing a micro-oxygen state; the water outlet pipe of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone is used for collecting the water discharged from the aerobic reaction zone and enters the second-stage anoxic reaction zone 2; in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone 2, nitrate is denitrified under the action of denitrifying bacteria to generate nitrogen, sponge iron generates insoluble phosphate precipitation by releasing ferric ions and phosphate radical, and the adsorption of the sponge iron is used for dephosphorization; the water in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone enters the third-stage aerobic reaction zone 3 in an overflow mode from top to bottom through the L-shaped prefabricated part, the third-stage aerobic reaction zone 3 further processes the effluent from the second-stage anoxic reaction zone 2, residual organic pollutants and the like in the sewage are further degraded, and flocs generated in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone 2 are intercepted by the third-stage aerobic reaction zone 3; the third-stage aerobic reaction zone water outlet pipe 7 is used for collecting sewage treated by the third-stage aerobic reaction zone and discharging the sewage to a river in a concentrated manner.
The prefabricated elements include an L-shaped prefabricated element 8 and an inverted T-shaped prefabricated element 9, as shown in fig. 2 and 3. The constructed wetland system comprises the following steps when being assembled: splicing the L-shaped prefabricated parts 8 and/or the inverted T-shaped prefabricated parts 9 in pairs longitudinally to form a step-by-step fall shape in the longitudinal direction; gradient construction is realized below the prefabricated part through an earth cushion layer; the first-stage aerobic reaction zone 1 and the second-stage anoxic reaction zone 2 are formed by splicing the L-shaped prefabricated components 8 in pairs in the longitudinal direction, and the third-stage aerobic reaction zone 3 is formed by splicing the L-shaped prefabricated components 8 and the inverted T-shaped prefabricated components 9 in pairs in the longitudinal direction.
The prefabricated part is obtained by casting C30 reinforced concrete. For example, in some embodiments, the L-shaped concrete member is sized to: the length and width height is 3m 1.5m; the prefabricated thickness was 15cm. An inverted T-shaped concrete member having dimensions: the length and width height is 3m 1.5m; the prefabricated thickness was 15cm. The constructed wetland system also comprises: the L-shaped prefabricated parts 8 or the inverted T-shaped prefabricated parts 9 are transversely spliced in pairs on the same horizontal height, and are transversely connected by adopting high-strength bolts, so that the length of the constructed wetland system is prolonged, and the sewage treatment scale is increased.
In some embodiments, after the transverse and longitudinal splicing of the prefabricated components is completed, the closed first-stage aerobic reaction zone, the second-stage anoxic reaction zone and the third-stage aerobic reaction zone for containing the functional filler are obtained by casting concrete on two sides in situ.
A waterproof coiled material is arranged at the splicing position of the precast slabs so as to improve waterproof sealing and prevent groundwater pollution.
In some embodiments, the top of the L-shaped prefabricated part 8 shared by the first-stage aerobic reaction zone 1 and the second-stage anoxic reaction zone 2 is 0.25-0.5m higher than the top of the filler in the first-stage aerobic reaction zone 1 so as to prevent water in the first-stage aerobic reaction zone 1 from overflowing; the top of the L-shaped prefabricated part 8 shared by the second anoxic reaction zone 2 and the third-stage aerobic reaction zone 3 is 0.1-0.2m higher than the top of the filler in the second anoxic reaction zone 2, so that the water in the second anoxic reaction zone 2 overflows to the third-stage aerobic reaction zone 3 and the filler is prevented from flowing out along with the water; the top of the inverted T-shaped prefabricated part 9 adopted by the third-stage aerobic reaction zone 3 is 0.25-0.5m higher than the top of the filler in the aerobic reaction zone so as to prevent water in the third-stage aerobic reaction zone 3 from overflowing.
In some embodiments, the prefabricated components can be assembled and spliced longitudinally according to practical situations so as to adapt to different fall. And each prefabricated part, namely the prefabricated plates, are combined through reserved hole parts, and the construction is carried out after the concrete strength of the prefabricated plates reaches 75% of the design strength in the field installation construction.
In some embodiments, the perforated jet flow type water inlet pipe adopted by the first-stage aerobic reaction zone 1, the water outlet pipe of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone, the water inlet pipe of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone and the water outlet pipe of the third-stage aerobic reaction zone all adopt perforated water distribution pipes, the pipe wall is provided with a plurality of rows of pores so that water can uniformly flow out, and the pores are far smaller than the functional filler size so as to avoid the filler from blocking the water distribution pipes. The water outlet pipe of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone is communicated with the water inlet pipe of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 5, the perforated water distribution pipes are all PVC pipes, and the pipes are uniformly provided with two rows of small holes, the hole diameter is about 1cm, and the hole pitch is about 10cm. The double rows of small holes are respectively at an angle of 45 degrees with the tube shaft, so that uniform water distribution is facilitated.
For the water outlet pipe of the third-stage aerobic reaction zone, the water body treated by the third-stage aerobic reaction zone is collected through the perforated water distribution pipe, and then a water outlet is arranged at the corresponding position of the river channel according to the requirement, so that the treated water body reaching the standard is discharged into the river channel, the disturbance and dilution effects are achieved on the river body, and the water quality deterioration of the river channel water body is avoided.
The invention adopts modularized multi-layer assembled packing, and a schematic diagram of a packing layer is shown in fig. 4. In some embodiments, the functional filler arranged in the first-stage aerobic reaction zone and the third-stage aerobic reaction zone comprises three layers from top to bottom, wherein the first layer is fine pebbles or gravels, the particle size is about 5-10mm, and the height is about 20cm; the second layer is haydite with particle size of 5-10mm and height of 40cm; the third layer is cobblestone with particle diameter of about 10-30mm and height of about 30cm.
The functional filler arranged in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone comprises three layers from top to bottom, wherein the first layer is fine pebbles and/or gravels, the particle size is 5-10mm, and the height is about 15-20cm; the second layer is sponge iron with particle diameter of 5-10mm and height of 5-10cm; the third layer is volcanic rock with particle size of 5-10mm and height of 40cm; the fourth layer is cobblestone with particle diameter of about 10-30mm and height of about 30cm.
According to the invention, fine pebbles or gravels arranged at the tops of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone, the second-stage anoxic reaction zone and the third-stage aerobic reaction zone are used as protective layers for preventing the loss of filler.
After the three-stage reaction zone is assembled through the prefabricated components, the stuffing layers are sequentially arranged in each stage reaction zone, the stuffing layers are rectangular, and the surface, close to the prefabricated components, of the stuffing layers is a sealing surface and cannot be penetrated by water; the surface of the filler layer, which is contacted with the adjacent filler layer, is a non-sealing surface through which water can pass.
The first-stage aerobic reaction zone and the third-stage aerobic reaction zone of the invention both adopt filler with high porosity, large specific surface area and easy film formation, and provide larger attachment area for aerobic microorganisms. The pollutants in the sewage are adsorbed on the porous surface of the filler, and microorganisms adhere to the biomembrane formed on the surface of the filler, so that the pollutants on the surface of the filler can be degraded, the utilization rate of the filler can be improved, and the filler is prevented from being blocked.
In some embodiments, the fillers in the first-stage aerobic reaction zone, the second-stage anoxic reaction zone and the third-stage aerobic reaction zone are assembled in three to four layers, each filler block has a size of about 1.5m×1.5m×0.3m, and the total height of the filler zone is about 90 cm.
The artificial wetland system can selectively plant plants on the surface of the filler, combines the dominant microorganisms growing in each of the three areas, and cooperatively completes the purification treatment of sewage through the complex physical, chemical and biological actions of the matrix, the plants and the microorganisms.
In the invention, sponge iron is added into the filler in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone, and the adsorption of the sponge iron and the precipitation of insoluble phosphate remove phosphorus in water. On one hand, dissolved oxygen in the sewage can lead the sponge iron to generate Fe (II) through oxygen absorption and corrosion, and further oxidize the sponge iron into Fe (III), so that free iron and complex are increased, and the dephosphorization capability is improved. On the other hand, too high dissolved oxygen can cause the content of free iron in the effluent to rise rapidly, and the quality of the effluent is affected, so that the sponge iron is arranged in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone of the invention, so that the sponge iron slowly releases the free iron under the anoxic condition, and the service cycle of the sponge iron is prolonged. And particularly, the sponge iron is arranged on the upper layer of the volcanic rock, thereby being beneficial to the replacement of the sponge iron packing layer. Generally, the sponge iron filler layer is arranged on the upper layer of the filler in the second-stage anoxic zone, below the protective layer and above the volcanic rock layer, so that the sponge iron filler layer can be conveniently replaced while ensuring better dephosphorization effect.
In some embodiments, the height of each packing layer and the size of the packing layer can be adjusted as required, so that the packing layers can be replaced conveniently.
The constructed wetland system provided by the invention can be used for treating initial rainwater, tail water of a sewage treatment plant or other tail water which needs to further improve the water quality; for the water bodies with serious pollution such as black and odorous water bodies, the system can be utilized to further improve the water quality after the water bodies reach the tail water standard of a sewage plant after preliminary pretreatment. Experiments prove that the system is particularly suitable for the first-stage A discharge tail water of a sewage treatment plant.
In some embodiments, the method for improving the quality of the first-stage A discharged tail water of the sewage treatment plant by applying the constructed wetland system comprises the following steps:
(1) The method is characterized in that the tail water discharged by the first stage A of a sewage treatment plant is used as the water inlet of a first stage aerobic reaction zone, the aeration is carried out by jet flow spraying, so that an aerobic state is achieved, part of organic pollutants in the tail water in the first aerobic reaction zone are converted into carbon dioxide and water under the action of aerobic microorganisms, nitrogen-containing substances generate nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen under the action of nitrifying bacteria, and the preparation is carried out for a second stage anoxic reaction zone.
(2) After the effluent of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone enters the second-stage anoxic reaction zone from the bottom, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the effluent generate nitrogen under the action of denitrifying bacteria, so that the aim of denitrification is fulfilled; meanwhile, sponge iron is arranged in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone, and phosphorus in the sewage is removed by utilizing physical adsorption of the sponge iron on phosphorus-containing pollutants, chemical adsorption of indissolvable compounds which are generated by Fe (III) and phosphate and cover the surface of the sponge iron and adsorption of ferric hydroxide and polynuclear hydroxyl complex.
(3) The tail water treated in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone enters a third-stage aerobic reaction zone through overflow oxygenation, organic pollutants and inorganic matters in the water discharged from the second-stage anoxic reaction zone are further removed in an aerobic state, flocs generated in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone are further intercepted, the water quality is improved, and the water discharge is ensured.
By adopting the constructed wetland system to treat the first-stage A discharged tail water of the sewage treatment plant, the COD removal rate can reach more than 60%, the ammonia nitrogen removal rate can reach more than 80%, the total phosphorus removal rate is more than 90%, and the TN removal rate is more than 50%. The water outlet is arranged at intervals on the upstream of the river channel according to the requirement, so that the water body is disturbed and diluted, and the water quality is prevented from deteriorating.
The invention designs an assembled revetment type aerobic/anoxic/aerobic (O/A/O) constructed wetland system. The assembled revetment type aerobic/anoxic/aerobic (O/A/O) constructed wetland is integrally divided into three stages of treatment, and the design concept of water quality purification is realized by adopting a three-stage alternating mode of an aerobic zone, an anoxic zone and an aerobic zone. The tail water of the sewage plant is uniformly discharged to the first-stage aerobic zone constructed wetland through a water collecting pipe, wherein: the water inlet pipe is provided with small holes, sewage enters the first-stage aerobic zone artificial wetland module in a jet flow mode, water body contacts with air to fully dissolve oxygen, the water body presents an aerobic state, water flow in the aerobic zone continuously reacts from bottom to top, and the water flow in the aerobic zone enters the anoxic zone from bottom to top. In addition, sponge iron is added into the second-stage anoxic zone filling material, the sponge iron releases Fe (II) and Fe (III) under the action of microbial corrosion and micro-electrolysis, and the Fe (II) is oxidized into Fe (III) under the action of iron oxidizing bacteria, and simultaneously hydrolysis is carried out to generate hydroxide and polynuclear hydroxyl complex. The physical adsorption of the sponge iron with huge specific surface area, the chemical adsorption of Fe (III) and phosphate with indissolvable compound covered on the surface of the sponge iron, and the adsorption of ferric hydroxide and polynuclear hydroxyl complex jointly remove phosphorus in sewage. The packing in the reaction zone adopts a modularized and layered assembly mode, so that the replacement of the blocking failure packing can be simplified, and the packing with other performances can be replaced according to the subsequent new actual demands, thereby providing a new idea for the replacement and upgrading of the packing. The tail water of the sewage plant enters the first-stage aerobic reaction zone artificial wetland, after the purification treatment of the closed treatment space for 12 hours, the purified water enters the next-stage purification space through valve adjustment. And finally, the effluent discharge standard is achieved through three-stage purification treatment.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The assembled revetment type aerobic/anoxic/aerobic constructed wetland system is characterized by comprising a first-stage aerobic reaction zone, a second-stage anoxic reaction zone and a third-stage aerobic reaction zone which are arranged adjacently in a three-stage stepped descending manner and are isolated from each other, wherein:
the first-stage aerobic reaction zone and the third-stage aerobic reaction zone are provided with functional fillers for treating sewage under aerobic conditions, and the second-stage anoxic reaction zone is provided with functional fillers for treating sewage under anoxic conditions; the filler is a multi-layer filler obtained by modularized assembly; the first-stage aerobic reaction zone, the second-stage anoxic reaction zone and the third-stage aerobic reaction zone are assembled by prefabricated components;
the water inlet pipe of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone is arranged at the top of the aerobic reaction zone, the water inlet pipe is a perforated jet type water inlet pipe, and the water outlet pipe of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone is arranged at the bottom of the aerobic reaction zone; the water outlet pipe of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone is communicated with the water inlet pipe of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone; the water inlet pipe of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone is arranged at the bottom of the anoxic reaction zone, the anoxic reaction zone is not provided with a water outlet pipe, and the water outlet pipe overflows from the top to enter the third-stage aerobic reaction zone; the water outlet pipe of the third-stage aerobic reaction zone is arranged at the bottom of the aerobic reaction zone, and the aerobic reaction zone is not provided with a water inlet pipe;
When the device is used, the inflow water of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone enters the aerobic reaction zone through the jet flow of the perforated jet flow type water inlet pipe arranged at the top of the aerobic reaction zone, and dissolved oxygen is generated in the jet flow process, so that the aerobic state of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone is ensured; the effluent of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone is discharged through an outlet pipe at the bottom and is communicated with an inlet pipe of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone; the water inlet pipe of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone is arranged at the bottom of the anoxic reaction zone, the concentration of the dissolved oxygen in the effluent of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone is low, and the second-stage anoxic reaction zone is fed with water from the bottom to form an anoxic state of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone; the effluent of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone overflows from the top of the anoxic reaction zone to enter a third-stage aerobic reaction zone; dissolving oxygen in the effluent water of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone in the overflow process, and ensuring the aerobic state of the third-stage aerobic reaction zone;
the functional filler arranged in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone comprises sponge iron, the sponge iron releases Fe (II) and Fe (III) under the action of microbial corrosion and micro-electrolysis, and the Fe (II) is oxidized into Fe (III) under the action of iron oxidizing bacteria, and simultaneously hydrolysis is carried out to generate hydroxide and polynuclear hydroxyl complex; the physical adsorption of sponge iron to phosphorus-containing pollutant, the chemical adsorption of indissolvable compound produced by Fe (III) and phosphate on the surface of sponge iron, and the adsorption of ferric hydroxide and polynuclear hydroxy complex are used to remove phosphorus from sewage.
2. The constructed wetland system of claim 1 wherein said prefabricated elements comprise L-shaped prefabricated elements and inverted T-shaped prefabricated elements; the constructed wetland system comprises the following steps when being assembled:
the L-shaped prefabricated parts are spliced in pairs in the longitudinal direction to form a first-stage aerobic reaction zone and a second-stage anoxic reaction zone, and the L-shaped prefabricated parts and the inverted T-shaped prefabricated parts are spliced in pairs in the longitudinal direction to form a third-stage aerobic reaction zone; and gradient construction is realized below the prefabricated part through an earthwork cushion layer, so that a first-stage aerobic reaction zone, a second-stage anoxic reaction zone and a third-stage aerobic reaction zone form a step-by-step fall shape in the longitudinal direction.
3. The constructed wetland system of claim 2 wherein the constructed wetland system, when assembled, further comprises: the L-shaped prefabricated parts or the inverted T-shaped prefabricated parts are spliced in a pairwise transverse mode on the same horizontal height and are transversely connected through high-strength bolts, so that a plurality of groups of constructed wetland systems consisting of a first-stage aerobic reaction zone, a second-stage anoxic reaction zone and a third-stage aerobic reaction zone are formed in the transverse direction.
4. The constructed wetland system according to claim 2, wherein the top of the L-shaped prefabricated member shared by the first-stage aerobic reaction zone and the second-stage anoxic reaction zone is 0.25-0.5m higher than the top of the filler in the first-stage aerobic reaction zone so as to prevent water in the first-stage aerobic reaction zone from overflowing;
The top of the L-shaped prefabricated part shared by the second-stage anoxic reaction zone and the third-stage aerobic reaction zone is 0.1-0.2m higher than the top of the filler in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone, so that the water in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone overflows to the third-stage aerobic reaction zone, and the filler is prevented from flowing out along with the water;
the top of the inverted T-shaped prefabricated part adopted in the third-stage aerobic reaction zone is 0.25-0.5m higher than the top of the filler in the aerobic reaction zone so as to prevent water in the third-stage aerobic reaction zone from overflowing.
5. The constructed wetland system according to claim 1, wherein the perforated jet flow type water inlet pipe adopted in the first-stage aerobic reaction zone, the perforated water distributing pipe adopted in the first-stage aerobic reaction zone water outlet pipe, the perforated water distributing pipe adopted in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone water inlet pipe and the perforated water distributing pipe adopted in the third-stage aerobic reaction zone, wherein the water distributing pipe wall is provided with a plurality of rows of pores so as to facilitate uniform water outflow, and the pore size is far smaller than the functional filler size so as to avoid the filler from blocking the water distributing pipe.
6. The constructed wetland system according to claim 1, wherein the packing in the first-stage aerobic reaction zone, the second-stage anoxic reaction zone and the third-stage aerobic reaction zone is of modular, multi-layer assembly design so as to facilitate the replacement at any time after the blockage of the packing has failed.
7. The constructed wetland system according to claim 1, wherein the functional filler arranged in the first-stage aerobic reaction zone and the third-stage aerobic reaction zone comprises three layers from top to bottom, wherein the first layer is fine pebbles or gravels, the particle size is 5-10mm, and the height is 20-30cm; the second layer is haydite with particle size of 5-10mm and height of 30-40cm; the third layer is cobblestone with particle diameter of 10-30mm and height of 20-30cm;
the functional filler arranged in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone comprises four layers from top to bottom, wherein the first layer is fine pebbles and/or gravels, the particle size is 5-10mm, and the height is 15-20cm; the second layer is sponge iron with particle diameter of 5-10mm and height of 5-10cm; the third layer is volcanic rock with particle diameter of 5-10mm and height of 30-40cm; the fourth layer is cobblestone with particle diameter of 10-30mm and height of 20-30cm.
8. Use of the constructed wetland system according to any one of claims 1 to 7 for the water quality improvement of stormwater, decentralized domestic sewage or sewage treatment plant tail water.
9. The use according to claim 8, wherein the sewage treatment plant tail water is a sewage treatment plant primary a discharge tail water.
10. A method for improving the quality of first-stage a discharged tail water of a sewage treatment plant by using the constructed wetland system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Taking the first-stage A discharge tail water of a sewage treatment plant as the water inlet of a first-stage aerobic reaction zone, spraying and oxygenating by jet flow to reach an aerobic state, and converting part of organic pollutants in the water into carbon dioxide and water under the action of aerobic microorganisms in the first-stage aerobic reaction zone, wherein nitrogen-containing substances generate nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen under the action of nitrifying bacteria;
(2) After the effluent of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone enters from the bottom of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the effluent generate nitrogen under the action of denitrifying bacteria, so that the aim of denitrification is fulfilled; meanwhile, sponge iron is arranged in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone, and phosphorus in the sewage is removed by utilizing physical adsorption of the sponge iron on phosphorus-containing pollutants, chemical adsorption of indissolvable compounds which are generated by Fe (III) and phosphate and cover the surface of the sponge iron and adsorption of ferric hydroxide and polynuclear hydroxyl complex;
(3) The effluent after being treated in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone enters a third-stage aerobic reaction zone through overflow oxygenation, organic pollutants and inorganic matters in the effluent of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone are further removed in an aerobic state, flocs generated in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone are further intercepted, and the water quality is improved.
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