CN113636711A - Assembled revetment type aerobic/anoxic/aerobic constructed wetland system and application thereof - Google Patents
Assembled revetment type aerobic/anoxic/aerobic constructed wetland system and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
- C02F3/302—Nitrification and denitrification treatment
- C02F3/305—Nitrification and denitrification treatment characterised by the denitrification
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
- C02F3/302—Nitrification and denitrification treatment
- C02F3/303—Nitrification and denitrification treatment characterised by the nitrification
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
- C02F2101/163—Nitrates
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
- C02F2101/166—Nitrites
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/08—Chemical Oxygen Demand [COD]; Biological Oxygen Demand [BOD]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F2209/16—Total nitrogen (tkN-N)
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of sewage treatment, and particularly relates to an assembled revetment type aerobic/anoxic/aerobic constructed wetland system and application thereof. The method comprises the following steps of carrying out water quality improvement treatment on sewage through three stepped reaction zones which are aerobic, anoxic and aerobic in sequence, wherein: the water flow in the aerobic zone enters the anoxic zone from the bottom of the aerobic zone from bottom to top for continuous reaction, as the dissolved oxygen in the sewage is lower, the flow direction, the structure and the like of the water flow in the anoxic zone form a second-stage anoxic state, the water outlet of the anoxic zone overflows from the top and enters a third-stage aerobic zone from top to bottom, the whole system always presents an 'aerobic-anoxic-aerobic' alternative treatment mode, the occupied area is greatly saved compared with the traditional artificial wetland, and the artificial wetland has the advantages of simple operation management and the like of the traditional artificial wetland.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of sewage treatment, and particularly relates to an assembled revetment type aerobic/anoxic/aerobic constructed wetland system and application thereof.
Background
As a sewage ecological treatment process with low construction and operation cost, simple operation and management and easy maintenance, the artificial wetland sewage treatment system is widely applied to small-scale sewage treatment, initial rainwater surface runoff, tail water of sewage plants and other processes needing further water quality improvement. However, the traditional artificial wetland is generally built into a gabion or a green natural floor, on one hand, the occupied area is large, on the other hand, the traditional artificial wetland cannot be used for treating sewage with higher concentration, otherwise, the filler of the traditional artificial wetland is very easy to block, and the system is paralyzed, so that the traditional artificial wetland is generally used for treating tail water of a sewage treatment plant with low pollutant concentration, on the other hand, the traditional artificial wetland has low removal efficiency on organic matters and nitrogen and phosphorus, and has very limited water quality treatment and purification effects. For primary rainwater or sewage discharged by a primary A sewage treatment plant, the water quality of the sewage is required to be treated to reach the surface water environmental quality standard IV index, and the technical difficulty of adopting the traditional artificial wetland is very high.
In recent years, the assembly type structure is vigorously developed under the support of the country, and is continuously pushed from place to place, and the construction mode of the assembly type structure becomes the building trend. The fabricated structure has higher construction efficiency, can effectively reduce the construction period and reduce the influence of construction on the surrounding environment. CN211921207U proposes an assembled revetment type constructed wetland system, can realize urban waterfront landscape beautification, however, this constructed wetland system's nitrogen phosphorus and COD desorption ability is weak, is difficult to promote quality of water and reaches surface class IV standard.
CN210595665U discloses an anoxic biofilter-aerobic artificial wetland sewage treatment system, which combines a biofilter and an artificial wetland, but the biofilter has poor capability of removing nitrate nitrogen by denitrification, and the aerobic aeration has high energy consumption, and the system has very limited effect of removing phosphorus by adopting a biological method, so that the water quality is difficult to reach the surface IV standard by adopting the system.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an assembled revetment type artificial wetland system which occupies a small area and can obviously improve water quality and application thereof, and aims to solve the technical problems of large occupied area and poor sewage quality improvement effect of the artificial wetland system in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an assembled revetment type aerobic/anoxic/aerobic constructed wetland system, comprising a first stage aerobic reaction zone, a second stage anoxic reaction zone and a third stage aerobic reaction zone which are descending in a three-stage stepwise manner, adjacently arranged and isolated from each other, wherein:
the first-stage aerobic reaction zone and the third-stage aerobic reaction zone are provided with functional fillers for treating sewage under an aerobic condition, and the second-stage anoxic reaction zone is provided with functional fillers for treating sewage under an anoxic condition; the filler is a multi-layer filler obtained by modularized assembly; the first-stage aerobic reaction zone, the second-stage anoxic reaction zone and the third-stage aerobic reaction zone are assembled by prefabricated parts;
the water inlet pipe of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone is arranged at the top of the aerobic reaction zone, the water inlet pipe is a perforated jet-flow type water inlet pipe, and the water outlet pipe of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone is arranged at the bottom of the aerobic reaction zone; the water outlet pipe of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone is communicated with the water inlet pipe of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone; the water inlet pipe of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone is arranged at the bottom of the anoxic reaction zone, the anoxic reaction zone is not provided with a water outlet pipe, and the outlet water of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone overflows from the top and enters the third-stage aerobic reaction zone; the water outlet pipe of the third-stage aerobic reaction zone is arranged at the bottom of the aerobic reaction zone, and the aerobic reaction zone is not provided with a water inlet pipe;
when the device is used, the inlet water of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone enters the aerobic reaction zone through the jet flow of the perforated jet flow type water inlet pipe arranged at the top of the aerobic reaction zone, and oxygen is dissolved in the jet flow process so as to ensure the aerobic state of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone; the effluent of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone is discharged through a water outlet pipe at the bottom and is communicated with a water inlet pipe of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone; the water inlet pipe of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone is arranged at the bottom of the anoxic reaction zone, the effluent of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone has low dissolved oxygen concentration, and the second-stage anoxic reaction zone feeds water from the bottom to form an anoxic state of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone; the effluent of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone overflows from the top of the anoxic reaction zone and enters a third-stage aerobic reaction zone; the effluent of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone dissolves oxygen in the overflow process, so that the aerobic state of the third-stage aerobic reaction zone is ensured.
Preferably, the prefabricated parts comprise an L-shaped prefabricated part and an inverted T-shaped prefabricated part; when the artificial wetland system is assembled, the method comprises the following steps:
the L-shaped prefabricated components are spliced in pairs in the longitudinal direction to form a first-stage aerobic reaction zone and a second-stage anoxic reaction zone, and the L-shaped prefabricated components and the inverted T-shaped prefabricated components are spliced in pairs in the longitudinal direction to form a third-stage aerobic reaction zone; and gradient construction is realized below the prefabricated part through an earthwork cushion layer, so that a first-stage aerobic reaction zone, a second-stage anoxic reaction zone and a third-stage aerobic reaction zone form a step-by-step fall shape in the longitudinal direction.
Preferably, the artificial wetland system further comprises, when assembled: the L-shaped prefabricated parts or the inverted T-shaped prefabricated parts are transversely spliced two by two at the same horizontal height and are transversely connected by high-strength bolts to form a plurality of groups of constructed wetland systems consisting of a first-stage aerobic reaction zone, a second-stage anoxic reaction zone and a third-stage aerobic reaction zone in the transverse direction.
Preferably, after the transverse and longitudinal splicing of the prefabricated parts is completed, concrete is cast in situ at two ends to obtain the closed artificial wetland system consisting of a plurality of groups of the first-stage aerobic reaction zones, the second-stage anoxic reaction zones and the third-stage aerobic reaction zones.
Preferably, a waterproof roll is arranged at the splicing position of the prefabricated panels to improve waterproof sealing performance and prevent underground water pollution.
Preferably, the top of the L-shaped prefabricated part shared by the first-stage aerobic reaction zone and the second-stage anoxic reaction zone is 0.25-0.5m higher than the top of the filler in the first-stage aerobic reaction zone, so as to prevent water in the first-stage aerobic reaction zone from overflowing;
the top of the L-shaped prefabricated part shared by the second-stage anoxic reaction zone and the third-stage aerobic reaction zone is 0.1-0.2m higher than the top of the filler in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone, so that the filler is prevented from flowing out along with water when the water in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone overflows to the third-stage aerobic reaction zone;
the top of the inverted T-shaped prefabricated part adopted by the third-stage aerobic reaction zone is 0.25-0.5m higher than the top of the filler in the aerobic reaction zone, so that the water in the third-stage aerobic reaction zone is prevented from overflowing.
Preferably, the perforated jet type water inlet pipe, the first-stage aerobic reaction zone water outlet pipe, the second-stage anoxic reaction zone water inlet pipe and the third-stage aerobic reaction zone water outlet pipe adopted by the first-stage aerobic reaction zone all adopt perforated water distribution pipes, the pipe walls of the water distribution pipes are provided with a plurality of rows of pores, and preferably, two rows of pores are arranged at 45 degrees below the pipe walls of the water distribution pipes; so as to facilitate the uniform outflow of water, and the pore size is far smaller than the size of the functional filler, so as to avoid the filler from blocking the water distribution pipe.
Preferably, the perforated water distribution pipe is made of PVC pipes, double rows of small holes are uniformly formed in the pipes, the aperture is 0.8-1cm, the hole interval is 8-10cm, and the angle between the double rows of small holes and the pipe shaft of the perforated water distribution pipe is 45-60 degrees.
Preferably, the filler in the first stage aerobic reaction zone, the second stage anoxic reaction zone and the third stage aerobic reaction zone is in a modularized and multilayer assembly design, so that the filler can be conveniently replaced at any time after being blocked and failed.
Preferably, the functional filler arranged in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone comprises sponge iron, the sponge iron releases Fe (II) and Fe (III) under the actions of microbial corrosion and micro-electrolysis, the Fe (II) is oxidized into Fe (III) under the action of iron-oxidizing bacteria, and simultaneously hydrolysis is carried out to generate hydroxide and a polynuclear hydroxyl complex; the method is characterized in that the phosphorus in the sewage is removed by utilizing the physical adsorption of sponge iron on phosphorus-containing pollutants, the chemical adsorption of Fe (III) and phosphate to generate insoluble compounds to cover the surface of the sponge iron, and the adsorption of ferric hydroxide and polynuclear hydroxyl complex.
Preferably, the functional filler arranged in the first-stage aerobic reaction zone and the third-stage aerobic reaction zone comprises three layers from top to bottom, wherein the first layer is fine pebbles or gravels, the particle size is 5-10mm, and the height is 20-30 cm; the second layer is ceramsite with the particle size of 5-10mm and the height of 30-40 cm; the third layer is cobblestones with the particle size of 10-30mm and the height of 20-30 cm;
the functional filler arranged in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone comprises four layers from top to bottom, wherein the first layer is fine pebbles and/or gravels, the particle size is 5-10mm, and the height is about 15-20 cm; the second layer is sponge iron with the particle size of 5-10mm and the height of 5-10 cm; the third layer is volcanic rock with particle size of 5-10mm and height of 30-40 cm; the fourth layer is cobblestone with particle size of 10-30mm and height of 20-30 cm.
According to another aspect of the invention, the application of the artificial wetland system is provided, which is used for improving the quality of initial rainwater, distributed domestic sewage or tail water of a sewage treatment plant.
Preferably, the tail water of the sewage treatment plant is the primary A discharge tail water of the sewage treatment plant.
According to another aspect of the invention, the invention provides a method for improving the quality of the primary A discharged tail water of a sewage treatment plant by using the artificial wetland system, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the tail water discharged from the first level A of the sewage treatment plant is used as the inlet water of the first level aerobic reaction zone, the jet flow spraying oxygenation is carried out to achieve an aerobic state, part of organic pollutants in the tail water in the first level aerobic reaction zone are converted into carbon dioxide and water under the action of aerobic microorganisms, and nitrogen-containing substances are converted into nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen under the action of nitrobacteria;
(2) after the effluent of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone enters from the bottom of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the effluent generate nitrogen under the action of denitrifying bacteria, so that the aim of denitrification is fulfilled; meanwhile, sponge iron is arranged in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone, and phosphorus in the sewage is removed by utilizing the physical adsorption of the sponge iron on phosphorus-containing pollutants, the chemical adsorption of Fe (III) and phosphate to generate insoluble compounds to cover the surface of the sponge iron and the adsorption action of ferric hydroxide and polynuclear hydroxyl complex;
(3) and the effluent treated in the second stage anoxic reaction zone enters a third stage aerobic reaction zone through overflow oxygenation, organic pollutants and inorganic matters in the effluent of the second stage anoxic reaction zone are further removed in an aerobic state, flocs generated in the second stage anoxic reaction zone are further intercepted, and the water quality is improved.
The artificial wetland system provided by the invention is provided with three subareas of aerobic-anoxic-aerobic, and tail water of a sewage plant is uniformly discharged to the artificial wetland of the first-stage aerobic area through a water collecting pipe. Wherein: the water flow in the aerobic zone enters the anoxic zone from the bottom of the aerobic zone from bottom to top for continuous reaction, the flow direction, the structure and the like of the water flow in the anoxic zone form a second-stage anoxic state due to the low dissolved oxygen in the sewage, the water outlet of the anoxic zone overflows from the top and enters a third-stage aerobic zone from top to bottom, and the whole system always presents an 'aerobic-anoxic-aerobic' alternative treatment mode, so that the problems that the nitrogen and phosphorus removal rate is low and the water quality of the outlet water is difficult to reach the standard in the conventional assembled artificial wetland are solved.
In addition, in the fabricated artificial wetland, a plurality of fillers (such as pebbles, gravels, porcelain granules, volcanic rocks and the like) are artificially graded according to a certain proportion, and sponge iron is added in the fillers in the anoxic zone, so that the removal efficiency of phosphorus can be effectively improved. Plants are selectively planted in the artificial wetland filler, and the artificial wetland completes the purification treatment of the sewage in a synergistic manner through the complex physical, chemical and biological effects of the substrate, the plants and the microorganisms by combining with the dominant microorganisms which respectively grow in the three subareas in the prefabricated artificial wetland module. The filler adopts the layering combination of assembling, and it is simpler to change the filler, can effectively solve traditional constructed wetland in the filler change difficulty, change inefficiency scheduling problem.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention provides an assembled revetment type aerobic/anoxic/aerobic (O/A/O) constructed wetland system, which is a small-sized constructed wetland enhanced sewage treatment device. The invention is optimized on the basis of the traditional artificial wetland, not only has the advantages of simple operation management of the traditional artificial wetland and the like, but also strengthens the biological treatment process in the artificial wetland by the three-stage treatment process, improves the denitrification and dephosphorization effects by the functional filler and leads the water quality of the effluent to reach the standard. The water quality improvement treatment is carried out on the sewage through the three-stage stepped reaction zone sequentially comprising aerobic reaction zone, anoxic reaction zone and aerobic reaction zone, so that the occupied area is greatly saved and the water quality is remarkably improved compared with the traditional artificial wetland, and the sewage discharged by the first-stage A sewage treatment plant can meet the water quality requirement of surface water environment quality standard class IV after being treated by the system and is directly discharged to urban rivers.
(2) The invention adopts an aerobic-anoxic-aerobic three-stage treatment process, wherein the inlet water of the first-stage aerobic zone enters in a perforated pipe jet flow mode so as to ensure the aerobic state of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone. The effluent of the first-stage aerobic zone enters from the bottom of the second-stage anoxic zone, and the dissolved oxygen of the effluent of the sewage from the first-stage aerobic zone is low, so that the sewage is isolated from air, and the anoxic state of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone is formed. The effluent of the second-stage anoxic zone enters a third-stage aerobic zone through overflow, so that the aerobic state of the third-stage aerobic reaction zone is ensured, the whole system is aerobic-anoxic-aerobic, the denitrification and dephosphorization effects are enhanced, and the effluent quality is greatly improved. The invention particularly adopts jet flow or overflow oxygenation to reach the required micro-oxygen state so as to replace the traditional aeration oxygenation, reduce the energy consumption and meet the requirements of the water quality improvement treatment process.
(3) According to the invention, the second layer of the filler in the anoxic reaction zone from top to bottom is provided with the sponge iron layer, ferric ions dissolved out from the sponge iron and phosphate radicals form insoluble phosphate precipitates, and phosphorus in the sewage is removed by physical adsorption generated by the huge specific surface area of the sponge iron and the adsorption action of ferric hydroxide and the polynuclear hydroxyl complex. The sponge iron packing layer is applied to the constructed wetland, and the dephosphorization effect is ensured; and the modular filler design is matched, so that the filler is convenient to replace; in addition, after the sponge iron packing layer is arranged in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone, iron phosphate floccules generated in the dephosphorization process can be further intercepted in the third-stage aerobic reaction zone so as to ensure the quality of effluent water.
(4) The invention adopts the filler modularization and layered assembly form, which not only can simplify the filler paving process, but also can simplify and facilitate the replacement of the filler after the internal filler fails. For example, for the sponge iron filler layer, the replacement period of the filler can be set according to the plant harvesting period, and the use effect of the filler is ensured.
(5) According to the invention, the fabricated precast concrete module is adopted to build the three-stage reaction zone, so that the influence of construction on the surrounding environment is effectively reduced, and the engineering construction efficiency is improved.
(6) The fabricated revetment type artificial wetland system provided by the invention is particularly suitable for the water quality improvement treatment of the primary A tail water discharged by a sewage treatment plant, the primary A tail water can reach the surface water environment quality standard class IV index after being treated by the three-stage artificial wetland treatment system, and the water quality improvement effect is obvious.
(7) The artificial wetland system provided by the invention can be arranged beside a river bank, tail water of a sewage treatment plant is used as inlet water of the system, and the treated discharged water is directly discharged into the upstream of the river, so that a certain disturbance and dilution effect on the river can be realized, and the water quality deterioration of the river water can be avoided. For the black and odorous water body river, pretreatment such as magnetic flocculation, coagulating sedimentation, ultramicro separation and the like can be carried out on the water body, then the pretreated tail water is introduced into the three-stage treatment system for treatment, water outlets are arranged at intervals according to requirements after treatment, so that the black and odorous water body flows, and the purpose of treating the black and odorous water body is achieved by matching with the pretreatment and the purification treatment of the artificial wetland system.
(8) Compared with the traditional artificial wetland, the artificial wetland constructed by the technical scheme has the advantages of simple construction and management, low operation cost, small occupied area, convenience in filler replacement, stable nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect, good effluent quality and the like, can meet the urban landscape requirements to a certain extent, and provides a new idea for various sewage requiring further water quality improvement, such as distributed domestic sewage, reclaimed water requiring advanced treatment, initial rainwater and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an assembled revetment type constructed wetland system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an L-shaped prefabricated part according to the present invention, wherein (a) is a front view and (b) is a left view;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an inverted T-shaped prefabricated part according to the present invention, wherein (a) is a front view and (b) is a left view;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the packing in the reaction zone of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a perforated distributor pipe according to the present invention;
the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein:
1-a first-stage aerobic reaction zone; 2-a second-stage anoxic reaction zone; 3-a third-stage aerobic reaction zone; 4-a water inlet pipe of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone; 5-a water outlet pipe of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone; 6-a water inlet pipe of a second-stage anoxic reaction zone; 7-a water outlet pipe of the third-stage aerobic reaction zone; 8-L-shaped prefabricated parts; 9-an inverted T-shaped prefabricated part; 10-high strength bolt.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The artificial wetland in the prior art has large occupied area and basically does not have water quality improving capacity, and aiming at the technical defect, the invention provides an assembled revetment type artificial wetland treatment system and application thereof. The system not only greatly reduces the occupied area of the artificial wetland, but also obviously improves the water quality improving capability of the artificial wetland system by establishing a first-stage aerobic reaction zone, a second-stage anoxic reaction zone and a third-stage aerobic reaction zone which are in stepped descending arrangement at three stages and matching with a specific water inlet and outlet arrangement mode and the selection of functional filler types, and can improve the water quality of water bodies needing to be improved, such as initial rainwater, reclaimed water needing to be deeply treated or tail water discharged from a first-stage A of a sewage treatment plant, and the like to the water quality requirement of a surface water environment quality standard class IV.
The standard of the first grade A discharged water of the sewage treatment plant at present is as follows: the COD requirement is lower than 50mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen requirement is lower than 5mg/L, the total phosphorus requirement is lower than 0.5mg/L, and the total nitrogen requirement is lower than 15 mg/L; the surface water environmental quality standard class IV (hereinafter referred to as surface class IV) requires that COD is reduced to below 30mg/L, ammonia nitrogen is reduced to below 1.5mg/L, total phosphorus is reduced to below 0.3mg/L, and total nitrogen is reduced to below 10 mg/L. For total phosphorus, sewage treatment plants generally adopt chemical agents for treatment, however, the treatment limit exists, and nitrate nitrogen also exists, so that the water quality cannot be improved to the standard of surface IV. How to further degrade the total phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen to further improve the water quality, such as reaching the surface IV water quality standard, is a key technical problem to be solved by the invention.
The invention utilizes a river bank zone to construct a revetment type artificial wetland system, utilizes a three-stage stepped artificial wetland system, and particularly adopts an aerobic-anoxic-aerobic three-stage treatment system and a three-stage stepped artificial wetland system sequence, wherein a traditional artificial aeration system is not adopted in a first-stage aerobic reaction zone and a third-stage aerobic reaction zone, so that the energy is saved, and the requirements of the sewage treatment process are particularly met. The invention uses tail water or initial rainwater discharged by a first level A of a sewage treatment plant or water which is pretreated to meet the requirement of similar water quality as inlet water of a first-level aerobic reaction zone, realizes the aerobic state of the first-level aerobic reaction zone in a water-spraying and oxygen-dissolving mode by means of a jet-flow type perforated water inlet pipe, and actually is only in a micro-aerobic state. In addition, the sponge iron filler is particularly arranged on the second layer of the functional filler in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone, iron ions slowly released by the sponge iron filler react with phosphate radicals in sewage to generate flocculent iron phosphate to be removed, and in order to avoid the situation that the flocculent iron phosphate cannot be fully intercepted in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone, the flocculent iron phosphate is further intercepted in the third-stage aerobic reaction zone so as to meet the requirement of effluent quality.
The aerobic reaction zone and the anoxic reaction zone of the artificial wetland system respectively specially select the types of the fillers so as to meet the requirements of different processes. The filler types such as ceramsite, volcanic rock and the like with large porosity and high film forming efficiency are particularly adopted, and the water quality improvement effect is obvious by adsorbing and forming the film on the microorganisms and then fully degrading pollutants.
The three-stage reaction zone is obtained by assembling prefabricated components on site, and can be built on a river bank zone and conveniently and quickly built; in addition, the packing adopted by each reaction zone is in a modular design, the required packing layer can be filled according to the requirements of different reaction zones, and the replacement of the packing is very convenient. For example, for sponge iron layer filler, when the sponge iron layer filler needs to be replaced after long-term use, the sponge iron layer filler can be directly taken out for replacement.
In some embodiments of the present invention, there is provided an assembled revetment type aerobic/anoxic/aerobic (O/a/O) constructed wetland system as shown in fig. 1, comprising a first stage aerobic reaction zone 1, a second stage anoxic reaction zone 2 and a third stage aerobic reaction zone 3 which descend in a stepped manner in three stages and are adjacently arranged and isolated from each other, wherein:
the first-stage aerobic reaction zone 1 and the third-stage aerobic reaction zone 3 are provided with functional fillers for treating sewage under aerobic conditions, and the second-stage anoxic reaction zone 2 is provided with functional fillers for treating sewage under anoxic conditions; the filler is a multi-layer filler obtained by modularized assembly; the first-stage aerobic reaction zone 1, the second-stage anoxic reaction zone 2 and the third-stage aerobic reaction zone 3 are assembled by prefabricated parts.
The water inlet pipe 4 of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone is arranged at the top of the aerobic reaction zone, the water inlet pipe is a perforated jet-flow type water inlet pipe, and the water outlet pipe 5 of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone is arranged at the bottom of the aerobic reaction zone; the water inlet pipe 6 of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone is arranged at the bottom of the anoxic reaction zone, the anoxic reaction zone is not provided with a water outlet pipe, and the outlet water of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone overflows from the top and enters the third-stage aerobic reaction zone 3; the water outlet pipe 7 of the third-stage aerobic reaction zone is arranged at the bottom of the aerobic reaction zone, and the aerobic reaction zone is not provided with a water inlet pipe.
When in use, the inlet water of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone 1 enters the aerobic reaction zone through the jet flow of the perforated jet flow type water inlet pipe arranged at the top of the aerobic reaction zone, and the oxygen is fully dissolved in the jet flow process so as to ensure the aerobic state of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone 1; the effluent of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone 1 is discharged through a water outlet pipe at the bottom and is communicated with a water inlet pipe of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone 2; the water inlet pipe of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone 2 is arranged at the bottom of the anoxic reaction zone, the outlet water of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone 1 has low dissolved oxygen concentration, and the second-stage anoxic reaction zone 2 enters water from the bottom to form an anoxic state of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone 2; the effluent of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone 2 overflows from the top of the anoxic reaction zone and enters a third-stage aerobic reaction zone 3; the effluent is fully dissolved with oxygen in the overflow process, and the aerobic state of the third-stage aerobic reaction zone 3 is ensured.
In the first-stage aerobic reaction zone 1, part of organic pollutants are utilized and degraded by aerobic microorganisms, and nitrogen elements are converted into nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen through nitrification to prepare for anoxic denitrification; the perforated jet-flow type water inlet pipe of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone is used for uniformly distributing influent sewage and providing a micro-oxygen state; the water outlet pipe of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone is used for collecting the effluent of the aerobic reaction zone and enters the second-stage anoxic reaction zone 2; in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone 2, nitrate radicals are subjected to denitrification under the action of denitrifying bacteria to generate nitrogen, sponge iron generates insoluble phosphate precipitates by releasing ferric ions and phosphate radicals, and phosphorus is removed under the adsorption action of the sponge iron; the water in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone enters a third-stage aerobic reaction zone 3 from top to bottom in an overflow mode through an L-shaped prefabricated part, the third-stage aerobic reaction zone 3 further processes the effluent from the second-stage anoxic reaction zone 2, organic pollutants and the like remaining in the sewage are further degraded, and flocs generated in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone 2 are intercepted by the third-stage aerobic reaction zone 3; the water outlet pipe 7 of the third-stage aerobic reaction zone is used for collecting the sewage treated by the third-stage aerobic reaction zone and intensively discharging the sewage to a river.
The prefabricated parts include an L-shaped prefabricated part 8 and an inverted T-shaped prefabricated part 9, as shown in fig. 2 and 3. When the artificial wetland system is assembled, the method comprises the following steps: splicing the L-shaped prefabricated part 8 and/or the inverted T-shaped prefabricated part 9 in a longitudinal mode, and forming a step-by-step fall shape in the longitudinal direction; gradient construction is realized below the prefabricated part through an earthwork cushion layer; the L-shaped prefabricated parts 8 are spliced in pairs in the longitudinal direction to form a first-stage aerobic reaction zone 1 and a second-stage anoxic reaction zone 2, and the L-shaped prefabricated parts 8 and the inverted T-shaped prefabricated parts 9 are spliced in pairs in the longitudinal direction to form a third-stage aerobic reaction zone 3.
The prefabricated part is obtained by pouring C30 reinforced concrete. For example, in some embodiments, the dimensions of the L-shaped concrete member are: the length, width and height are 3m 1.5 m; the preform build thickness was 15 cm. The inverted T-shaped concrete member has the following dimensions: the length, width and height are 3m 1.5 m; the preform build thickness was 15 cm. When the artificial wetland system is assembled, the artificial wetland system also comprises: the L-shaped prefabricated parts 8 or the inverted T-shaped prefabricated parts 9 are transversely spliced two by two at the same horizontal height, and are transversely connected by high-strength bolts, so that the length of the constructed wetland system is prolonged, and the sewage treatment scale is increased.
In some embodiments, after the transverse and longitudinal splicing of the prefabricated parts is completed, concrete is cast in situ on two sides to obtain a first stage aerobic reaction zone, a second stage anoxic reaction zone and a third stage aerobic reaction zone which are closed and used for containing the functional filler.
And waterproof coiled materials are arranged at the splicing positions of the prefabricated plates so as to improve the waterproof sealing property and prevent underground water pollution.
In some embodiments, the top of the L-shaped prefabricated part 8 shared by the first-stage aerobic reaction zone 1 and the second-stage anoxic reaction zone 2 is 0.25-0.5m higher than the top of the filling material in the first-stage aerobic reaction zone 1, so as to prevent the water in the first-stage aerobic reaction zone 1 from overflowing; the top of the L-shaped prefabricated part 8 shared by the second anoxic reaction zone 2 and the third-stage aerobic reaction zone 3 is 0.1-0.2m higher than the top of the filler in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone 2, so that the filler is prevented from flowing out along with water when the water in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone 2 overflows to the third-stage aerobic reaction zone 3; the top of the inverted T-shaped prefabricated part 9 adopted by the third-stage aerobic reaction zone 3 is 0.25-0.5m higher than the top of the filler in the aerobic reaction zone, so as to prevent the water in the third-stage aerobic reaction zone 3 from overflowing.
In some embodiments, the prefabricated parts can be assembled and spliced longitudinally according to actual conditions so as to adapt to different fall heights. The prefabricated components, namely the prefabricated plates are combined through the reserved hole parts, and the prefabricated plates are constructed after the concrete strength of the prefabricated plates reaches 75% of the design strength during on-site installation and construction.
In some embodiments, the perforated jet-type water inlet pipe, the first stage aerobic reaction zone water outlet pipe, the second stage anoxic reaction zone water inlet pipe and the third stage aerobic reaction zone water outlet pipe adopted in the first stage aerobic reaction zone 1 all adopt perforated water distribution pipes, the pipe wall is provided with a plurality of rows of pores so as to facilitate the uniform outflow of water, and the pores are far smaller than the size of the functional filler so as to avoid the filler from blocking the water distribution pipes. The water outlet pipe of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone is communicated with the water inlet pipe of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 5, the perforated water distribution pipes are made of PVC pipes, and the pipes are uniformly provided with two rows of small holes, wherein the hole diameter is about 1cm, and the hole distance is about 10 cm. The two rows of small holes form an angle of 45 degrees with the tubular shaft respectively, so that water can be distributed uniformly.
To third level aerobic reaction district outlet pipe, it collects the water after tertiary reaction district handles through the perforation water distribution pipe, then can set up the outlet at river course relevant position as required, will handle the back water up to standard and discharge to the river course in, play disturbance, dilution to the river body, avoid river course water quality of water to deteriorate.
The invention adopts modularized multilayer assembled packing, and a schematic diagram of a packing layer is shown in figure 4. In some embodiments, the functional filler arranged in the first stage aerobic reaction zone and the third stage aerobic reaction zone comprises three layers from top to bottom, wherein the first layer is fine pebbles or gravels, the particle size is about 5-10mm, and the height is about 20 cm; the second layer is ceramic particles with the particle size of 5-10mm and the height of 40 cm; the third layer is cobblestone with particle size of 10-30mm and height of 30 cm.
The functional filler arranged in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone comprises three layers from top to bottom, wherein the first layer is fine pebbles and/or gravels, the particle size is 5-10mm, and the height is about 15-20 cm; the second layer is sponge iron with the particle size of 5-10mm and the height of 5-10 cm; the third layer is volcanic rock with grain diameter of 5-10mm and height of 40 cm; the fourth layer is cobblestones with the grain diameter of about 10-30mm and the height of about 30 cm.
The fine pebbles or gravels arranged at the tops of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone, the second-stage anoxic reaction zone and the third-stage aerobic reaction zone are used as protective layers for preventing the loss of the filler.
In the constructed wetland system, after the three-stage reaction zones are assembled by the prefabricated parts, the packing layers are sequentially arranged in the reaction zones, the packing layers are rectangular bodies, and the surfaces of the packing layers, which are close to the prefabricated parts, are closed surfaces and can not be penetrated by water; the surface of the filler layer contacting with the adjacent filler layer is a non-closed surface and can be penetrated by water.
The first-stage aerobic reaction zone and the third-stage aerobic reaction zone both adopt fillers with high porosity, large specific surface area and easy film formation, and provide larger attachment areas for aerobic microorganisms. The pollutant in the sewage is adsorbed on the porous surface of the filler, and the microorganism is attached to the biomembrane formed on the surface of the filler, so that the pollutant on the surface of the filler can be degraded, the utilization rate of the filler can be improved, and the filler is prevented from being blocked.
In some embodiments, the packing of the first stage aerobic reaction zone, the second stage anoxic reaction zone and the third stage aerobic reaction zone of the present invention are assembled in three to four layers, each packing block has a size of about 1.5m × 1.5m × 0.3m, and the total height of the packing zone is about 90 cm.
Plants can be selectively planted on the surface of the filler of the artificial wetland system, and the artificial wetland system synergistically completes sewage purification treatment through complex physical, chemical and biological actions of a substrate, the plants and the microorganisms by combining dominant microorganisms growing in three zones.
Sponge iron is added into the filler of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone, and phosphorus in water is removed through the adsorption of the sponge iron and the precipitation of insoluble phosphate. On one hand, the dissolved oxygen in the sewage can lead sponge iron to generate oxygen absorption corrosion to generate Fe (II) and further oxidize the Fe (III), so that free iron and complexes are increased, and the phosphorus removal capability is improved. On the other hand, too high dissolved oxygen can also cause the content of free iron in the effluent to rapidly rise, and the quality of the effluent is influenced, so the sponge iron is arranged in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone, the sponge iron slowly releases the free iron under the anoxic condition, and the service life of the sponge iron is prolonged. And particularly, the sponge iron is arranged on the upper layer of the volcanic rock, thereby being beneficial to the replacement of the sponge iron packing layer. Generally, the sponge iron filler layer is arranged on the upper layer of the second-stage anoxic zone filler, below the protective layer and above the volcanic rock layer, so that the sponge iron filler layer can be conveniently replaced while the dephosphorization effect is better exerted.
In some embodiments, the height of each packing layer and the size of the packing layer can be adjusted as needed to facilitate the replacement of the packing layers.
The artificial wetland system provided by the invention can be used for treating initial rainwater, tail water of a sewage treatment plant or other tail water needing to further improve the water quality; for the water bodies with serious pollution, such as black and odorous water bodies, the water quality can be further improved by utilizing the system of the invention after the water bodies are subjected to preliminary pretreatment and reach the tail water standard of a sewage plant. Experiments prove that the system is particularly suitable for the first-grade A tail water discharged by a sewage treatment plant.
In some embodiments, the method for improving the quality of the primary A-discharged tail water of the sewage treatment plant by using the artificial wetland system comprises the following steps:
(1) the tail water discharged from the first level A of the sewage treatment plant is used as the inlet water of the first level aerobic reaction zone, the jet flow spraying oxygenation is carried out to achieve an aerobic state, part of organic pollutants in the tail water in the first aerobic reaction zone are converted into carbon dioxide and water under the action of aerobic microorganisms, and nitrogen-containing substances are converted into nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen under the action of nitrobacteria to prepare for the second level anoxic reaction zone.
(2) After the effluent of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone enters the second-stage anoxic reaction zone from the bottom, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the effluent generate nitrogen under the action of denitrifying bacteria, so that the aim of denitrification is fulfilled; and meanwhile, sponge iron is arranged in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone, and phosphorus in the sewage is removed by utilizing the physical adsorption of the sponge iron on phosphorus-containing pollutants, the chemical adsorption of Fe (III) and phosphate to generate insoluble compounds to cover the surface of the sponge iron and the adsorption action of ferric hydroxide and polynuclear hydroxyl complex.
(3) And tail water treated in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone enters a third-stage aerobic reaction zone through overflow oxygenation, organic pollutants and inorganic matters in effluent water of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone are further removed in an aerobic state, flocs generated in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone are further intercepted, the water quality is improved, and effluent is guaranteed.
When the artificial wetland system is adopted to treat the primary A discharge tail water of the sewage treatment plant, the COD removal rate can reach more than 60 percent, the ammonia nitrogen removal rate can reach more than 80 percent, the total phosphorus removal rate is more than 90 percent, and the TN removal rate is more than 50 percent. The water outlets are arranged at intervals on the upstream of the riverway as required, so that the water body is disturbed and diluted, and the water quality deterioration is avoided.
The invention designs an assembled revetment type aerobic/anoxic/aerobic (O/A/O) constructed wetland system. The assembled revetment type aerobic/anoxic/aerobic (O/A/O) constructed wetland is integrally divided into three-stage treatment, and the design concept of water purification is realized by adopting a three-stage alternating mode of an aerobic zone, an anoxic zone and an aerobic zone. The tail water of sewage plant discharges to first order aerobic zone constructed wetland in unison via the collector pipe, wherein: the inlet tube is provided with a small hole, sewage enters the first-stage aerobic zone constructed wetland module in a jet mode, water contacts air and fully dissolves oxygen in the jet process, the water is in an aerobic state, water flow in the aerobic zone enters the anoxic zone from the bottom of the aerobic zone from bottom to top for continuous reaction, the dissolved oxygen in the water flowing out of the aerobic zone is lower, the anoxic zone isolation plate forms a closed structural condition and the like to jointly act to form a second-stage anoxic state, the denitrification effect is improved, the water flowing out of the anoxic zone overflows from the top and enters the third-stage aerobic zone from top to bottom, the whole system is always in an 'aerobic-anoxic-aerobic' alternative treatment mode, and the problems that the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency is low, the water quality of the effluent is difficult to reach the standard and the like in the conventional assembled constructed wetland are solved. In addition, sponge iron is added into the second-stage anoxic zone filler, the sponge iron releases Fe (II) and Fe (III) under the actions of microbial corrosion and micro-electrolysis, the Fe (II) is oxidized into Fe (III) under the action of iron-oxidizing bacteria, and meanwhile, hydrolysis is carried out to generate hydroxide and polynuclear hydroxyl complex. Physical adsorption generated by the huge specific surface area of the sponge iron, chemical adsorption of indissolvable compounds generated by Fe (III) and phosphate covering the surface of the sponge iron, and adsorption of ferric hydroxide and the polynuclear hydroxyl complex together remove phosphorus in the sewage. The packing in the reaction zone adopts an assembly mode of modularization and layered assembly, so that on one hand, the replacement of the blocking failure packing can be simplified, on the other hand, the packing with other performances can be replaced according to the subsequent new actual requirement, and a new thought is provided for the replacement and the upgrade of the packing. Tail water of a sewage plant enters the artificial wetland of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone, is purified for 12 hours in a closed treatment space, and then enters the next-stage purification space through valve adjustment. And finally, the effluent discharge standard is reached through three-stage purification treatment.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an assembled revetment type is good oxygen/oxygen deficiency/good oxygen constructed wetland system which characterized in that is cascaded decline, adjacent setting and the first order aerobic reaction district of mutual isolation, second grade oxygen deficiency reaction district and third grade aerobic reaction district including the tertiary, wherein:
the first-stage aerobic reaction zone and the third-stage aerobic reaction zone are provided with functional fillers for treating sewage under an aerobic condition, and the second-stage anoxic reaction zone is provided with functional fillers for treating sewage under an anoxic condition; the filler is a multi-layer filler obtained by modularized assembly; the first-stage aerobic reaction zone, the second-stage anoxic reaction zone and the third-stage aerobic reaction zone are assembled by prefabricated parts;
the water inlet pipe of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone is arranged at the top of the aerobic reaction zone, the water inlet pipe is a perforated jet-flow type water inlet pipe, and the water outlet pipe of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone is arranged at the bottom of the aerobic reaction zone; the water outlet pipe of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone is communicated with the water inlet pipe of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone; the water inlet pipe of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone is arranged at the bottom of the anoxic reaction zone, the anoxic reaction zone is not provided with a water outlet pipe, and the outlet water of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone overflows from the top and enters the third-stage aerobic reaction zone; the water outlet pipe of the third-stage aerobic reaction zone is arranged at the bottom of the aerobic reaction zone, and the aerobic reaction zone is not provided with a water inlet pipe;
when the device is used, the inlet water of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone enters the aerobic reaction zone through the jet flow of the perforated jet flow type water inlet pipe arranged at the top of the aerobic reaction zone, and oxygen is dissolved in the jet flow process so as to ensure the aerobic state of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone; the effluent of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone is discharged through a water outlet pipe at the bottom and is communicated with a water inlet pipe of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone; the water inlet pipe of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone is arranged at the bottom of the anoxic reaction zone, the effluent of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone has low dissolved oxygen concentration, and the second-stage anoxic reaction zone feeds water from the bottom to form an anoxic state of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone; the effluent of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone overflows from the top of the anoxic reaction zone and enters a third-stage aerobic reaction zone; the effluent of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone dissolves oxygen in the overflow process, so that the aerobic state of the third-stage aerobic reaction zone is ensured.
2. The constructed wetland system of claim 1, wherein the prefabricated members comprise L-shaped prefabricated members and inverted T-shaped prefabricated members; when the artificial wetland system is assembled, the method comprises the following steps:
the L-shaped prefabricated components are spliced in pairs in the longitudinal direction to form a first-stage aerobic reaction zone and a second-stage anoxic reaction zone, and the L-shaped prefabricated components and the inverted T-shaped prefabricated components are spliced in pairs in the longitudinal direction to form a third-stage aerobic reaction zone; and gradient construction is realized below the prefabricated part through an earthwork cushion layer, so that a first-stage aerobic reaction zone, a second-stage anoxic reaction zone and a third-stage aerobic reaction zone form a step-by-step fall shape in the longitudinal direction.
3. The constructed wetland system of claim 2, further comprising, when assembled: the L-shaped prefabricated parts or the inverted T-shaped prefabricated parts are transversely spliced two by two at the same horizontal height and are transversely connected by high-strength bolts to form a plurality of groups of constructed wetland systems consisting of a first-stage aerobic reaction zone, a second-stage anoxic reaction zone and a third-stage aerobic reaction zone in the transverse direction.
Preferably, after the transverse and longitudinal splicing of the prefabricated parts is completed, concrete is cast in situ at two ends to obtain the closed artificial wetland system consisting of a plurality of groups of the first-stage aerobic reaction zones, the second-stage anoxic reaction zones and the third-stage aerobic reaction zones.
4. The constructed wetland system of claim 2, wherein the top of the L-shaped prefabricated part shared by the first-stage aerobic reaction zone and the second-stage anoxic reaction zone is 0.25-0.5m higher than the top of the filler in the first-stage aerobic reaction zone so as to prevent water in the first-stage aerobic reaction zone from overflowing;
the top of the L-shaped prefabricated part shared by the second-stage anoxic reaction zone and the third-stage aerobic reaction zone is 0.1-0.2m higher than the top of the filler in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone, so that the filler is prevented from flowing out along with water when the water in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone overflows to the third-stage aerobic reaction zone;
the top of the inverted T-shaped prefabricated part adopted by the third-stage aerobic reaction zone is 0.25-0.5m higher than the top of the filler in the aerobic reaction zone, so that the water in the third-stage aerobic reaction zone is prevented from overflowing.
5. The constructed wetland system of claim 1, wherein the perforated jet-type water inlet pipe, the first stage aerobic reaction zone water outlet pipe, the second stage anoxic reaction zone water inlet pipe and the third stage aerobic reaction zone water outlet pipe adopted by the first stage aerobic reaction zone all adopt perforated water distribution pipes, the pipe walls of the water distribution pipes are provided with a plurality of rows of pores so as to facilitate the uniform outflow of water, and the size of the pores is far smaller than that of the functional filler so as to avoid the filler from blocking the water distribution pipes.
6. The constructed wetland system of claim 1, wherein the packing in the first stage aerobic reaction zone, the second stage anoxic reaction zone and the third stage aerobic reaction zone is in a modular, multi-layer assembly design, so that the packing can be replaced at any time after the packing is blocked and fails.
7. The constructed wetland system of claim 1, wherein the functional filler arranged in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone comprises sponge iron, the sponge iron releases Fe (II) and Fe (III) under the action of microbial corrosion and micro-electrolysis, Fe (II) is oxidized into Fe (III) under the action of iron-oxidizing bacteria, and hydrolysis is carried out to generate hydroxide and polynuclear hydroxyl complex; the method is characterized in that the phosphorus in the sewage is removed by utilizing the physical adsorption of sponge iron on phosphorus-containing pollutants, the chemical adsorption of Fe (III) and phosphate to generate insoluble compounds to cover the surface of the sponge iron, and the adsorption of ferric hydroxide and polynuclear hydroxyl complex.
8. The constructed wetland system of claim 1, wherein the functional filler arranged in the first-stage aerobic reaction zone and the third-stage aerobic reaction zone comprises three layers from top to bottom, the first layer is fine pebbles or gravels, the particle size is 5-10mm, and the height is 20-30 cm; the second layer is ceramsite with the particle size of 5-10mm and the height of 30-40 cm; the third layer is cobblestones with the particle size of 10-30mm and the height of 20-30 cm;
the functional filler arranged in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone comprises four layers from top to bottom, wherein the first layer is fine pebbles and/or gravels, the particle size is 5-10mm, and the height is about 15-20 cm; the second layer is sponge iron with the particle size of 5-10mm and the height of 5-10 cm; the third layer is volcanic rock with particle size of 5-10mm and height of 30-40 cm; the fourth layer is cobblestone with particle size of 10-30mm and height of 20-30 cm.
9. Use of the artificial wetland system according to any one of claims 1 to 8 for water quality improvement of initial rainwater, decentralized domestic sewage or sewage treatment plant tail water; preferably, the tail water of the sewage treatment plant is the primary A discharge tail water of the sewage treatment plant.
10. A method for improving the quality of primary A discharged tail water of a sewage treatment plant by using the constructed wetland system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the tail water discharged from the first level A of the sewage treatment plant is used as the inlet water of a first-level aerobic reaction zone, the tail water is sprayed by jet flow and oxygenated to reach an aerobic state, partial organic pollutants in the water are converted into carbon dioxide and water under the action of aerobic microorganisms in the first-level aerobic reaction zone, and nitrogen-containing substances are converted into nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen under the action of nitrobacteria;
(2) after the effluent of the first-stage aerobic reaction zone enters from the bottom of the second-stage anoxic reaction zone, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the effluent generate nitrogen under the action of denitrifying bacteria, so that the aim of denitrification is fulfilled; meanwhile, sponge iron is arranged in the second-stage anoxic reaction zone, and phosphorus in the sewage is removed by utilizing the physical adsorption of the sponge iron on phosphorus-containing pollutants, the chemical adsorption of Fe (III) and phosphate to generate insoluble compounds to cover the surface of the sponge iron and the adsorption action of ferric hydroxide and polynuclear hydroxyl complex;
(3) and the effluent treated in the second stage anoxic reaction zone enters a third stage aerobic reaction zone through overflow oxygenation, organic pollutants and inorganic matters in the effluent of the second stage anoxic reaction zone are further removed in an aerobic state, flocs generated in the second stage anoxic reaction zone are further intercepted, and the water quality is improved.
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