CN113635619A - Silica aerogel heat-preservation and heat-insulation composite film and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Silica aerogel heat-preservation and heat-insulation composite film and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113635619A CN113635619A CN202110850385.0A CN202110850385A CN113635619A CN 113635619 A CN113635619 A CN 113635619A CN 202110850385 A CN202110850385 A CN 202110850385A CN 113635619 A CN113635619 A CN 113635619A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
- B29C44/60—Measuring, controlling or regulating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/065—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of foam
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/40—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
- C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B26/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B26/16—Polyurethanes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2075/00—Use of PU, i.e. polyureas or polyurethanes or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
- B32B2266/04—Inorganic
- B32B2266/057—Silicon-containing material, e.g. glass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
- B32B2266/12—Gel
- B32B2266/126—Aerogel, i.e. a supercritically dried gel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
- B32B2307/304—Insulating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/41—Opaque
Abstract
The invention discloses a silica aerogel heat-insulation composite film and a preparation process thereof, and particularly relates to the technical field of aerogel composite film preparation. According to the invention, the surface powder is more tightly fixed through the hot-pressing temperature machine and the calender, the silicon dioxide aerogel heat-insulation material with the fallen powder and the high-temperature-resistant TPU substrate-free high-temperature hot melt adhesive are compounded and processed into the composite material without the fallen powder by using the hot-pressing temperature machine and the calender, so that the purpose that no powder overflows and falls off on the surface of the material is achieved, and the light-shielding property of the composite material can be effectively improved by adding the mixed powder of the modified carbon black, the silicon carbide and the zirconium oxide under different foaming temperature conditions, so that the heat-insulation performance of the composite material under the high-temperature condition can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aerogel composite membrane preparation, in particular to a silica aerogel heat-preservation and heat-insulation composite membrane and a preparation process thereof.
Background
The silica aerogel is a high-dispersion light porous amorphous material with a continuous three-dimensional network structure formed by the mutual polymerization of nano-scale particles, and air media are filled in pores. The silica aerogel has excellent performances of high specific surface area, high porosity, high thermal insulation, low density, ultralow dielectric constant, low refractive index and the like, and the performances can be continuously adjustable along with the control of the structure. The silica aerogel has wide application prospects in the fields of thermal insulation, catalysis, energy conservation, environmental protection, petrochemical industry, drug release, aerospace and the like, and has been applied as materials such as thermal insulation materials, catalysts and carriers, acoustic impedance coupling materials, Cherenkov detectors and the like. The silicon dioxide aerogel is made into a film, so that the silicon dioxide aerogel can be widely applied to the heat preservation and insulation aspects of articles such as electronic cigarettes, electronic cigarette atomizers, air conditioner electronics, clothes, mobile phones, tablet computers, electronic vacuum bottles and vehicle-mounted electronic products. However, the mechanical properties of the prepared silica aerogel film are poor due to the defects of weak strain and low strength of the silica aerogel material, and the like, so that the application range of the silica aerogel film is easily limited. In order to improve the mechanical strength of the silica aerogel film, polyurethane is added into a foaming material in the preparation process of the aerogel, and the polyurethane is a thermosetting polymer, so that the mechanical strength of the aerogel film prepared by foaming silica can be effectively enhanced.
In the prior art, the silica aerogel film is easy to have the phenomenon of powder falling off on the surface in the process of splitting in the preparation process, the falling powder can be adhered to hands of people in the use process of the people, the falling powder can also influence the adhesion between the film and other objects, in addition, although the aerogel film has certain heat preservation and heat insulation performance, carbon black is added as an opacifier in the foaming process in order to improve the heat insulation performance of the aerogel film, and the carbon black is easy to oxidize under the high-temperature condition, so that when the use temperature of the film is higher, the carbon black can be oxidized and cannot continuously play the light shielding role, and the heat insulation performance of the silica aerogel film is difficult to improve.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a silica aerogel heat preservation and insulation composite film and a preparation process thereof, which can ensure that the surface powder is more tightly fixed through a hot-pressing temperature machine and a calender, the silicon dioxide aerogel heat insulation material with the fallen powder and the high temperature resistant TPU substrate-free high temperature hot melt adhesive are compounded and processed into the composite material without the fallen powder by using a hot pressing temperature machine and a calender, so that the purposes of no powder overflow and no powder fall on the surface of the material are achieved, and the mixed powder of the modified carbon black, the silicon carbide and the zirconia is added under the condition of different foaming temperatures, so that the light-shielding property of the composite material can be effectively improved, the heat-insulating property of the aerogel film under the high-temperature condition can be further improved, so that the problems that the use, adhesion and heat-insulating property of the aerogel film are influenced due to the surface powder removal of the aerogel film and the instability of carbon black under the high-temperature condition in the prior art are solved.
In order to achieve the above object, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions: the silica aerogel heat-insulation composite film comprises a silica aerogel layer and two TPU substrate-free high-temperature hot melt adhesives, wherein the two TPU substrate-free high-temperature hot melt adhesives are respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of the silica aerogel layer, and the silica aerogel layer is formed by foaming and shaping amorphous silica, polyurethane, oxidation modified carbon black, silicon carbide and zirconia, wherein the weight of the amorphous silica accounts for 80%, the weight of the polyurethane accounts for 5%, the weight of the oxidation modified carbon black accounts for 5%, the weight of the silicon carbide accounts for 5%, and the weight of the zirconia accounts for 5%.
Further, the silicon dioxide aerogel layer and the two TPU substrate-free high-temperature hot melt adhesives are fixed together through a flat hot press in a hot pressing mode, the total thickness of the hot pressed silicon dioxide aerogel layer and the two TPU substrate-free high-temperature hot melt adhesives is 0.5-5mm, and the melting point temperature of the TPU substrate-free high-temperature hot melt adhesives is 125-160 ℃.
Furthermore, the color of the silica aerogel heat preservation and insulation composite film is white, the thermal conductivity is 0.014-0.018W/m.K, the long-term use temperature is-30-280 ℃, the temperature resistance range is-40-300 ℃, the density is 100kg/m for thin film growing, the volume resistivity is more than or equal to 1.0x1013 omega.cm, and the dielectric constant is more than or equal to 5.5 KHz.
A process for preparing a silica aerogel heat-insulation composite film comprises the following specific steps:
selecting solid granular amorphous silica and polyurethane, selecting solid granular oxidation modified carbon black as a first opacifier, and selecting solid granular silicon carbide and zirconia as raw materials of a second opacifier;
weighing amorphous silica, polyurethane, oxidation modified carbon black, silicon carbide and zirconia, and ensuring that the ratio of the amorphous silica to the polyurethane to the oxidation modified carbon black to the silicon carbide to the zirconia is 16:1:1:1: 1;
step three, checking whether the raw materials and the formula are accurate;
pouring the weighed silicon carbide and the weighed zirconium oxide into a mixing tank for fully mixing to prepare a second opacifier for later use;
step five, starting a foaming machine, preheating the foaming machine, putting amorphous silica and polyurethane particles into the foaming machine according to the weighed proportion, continuously heating the foaming machine in the foaming process, finally increasing the internal temperature of the foaming machine to 300 ℃, observing the internal temperature of the foaming machine through a display panel on the foaming machine in the foaming process, adding modified carbon oxide serving as a first opacifier into the foaming machine when the internal temperature reaches 50-100 ℃, adding mixed powder of silicon carbide and zirconium oxide serving as a second opacifier into the foaming machine when the internal temperature of the foaming machine reaches 250-300 ℃, and foaming under the action of the foaming machine to prepare an aerogel composite film semi-finished product;
step six, selecting a plurality of semi-finished products as samples, and then testing the heat insulation performance of the semi-finished products;
step seven, processing the semi-finished product into slices with various specifications and thicknesses by using a slicing machine, wherein the specifications of the slices are 1.2m in width and 100m in length, the slicing thickness is determined according to requirements, and the size of each slice is checked to meet the requirements;
step eight, hot-pressing the high-temperature-resistant TPU substrate-free high-temperature hot melt adhesive 2 and the silicon dioxide aerogel layer 1 sheet together by using a calender and a hot-pressing temperature machine to form a composite film body all the time, then inspecting the lamination thickness, and simultaneously carrying out temperature test;
step nine, packaging the qualified products and warehousing for storage, wherein the storage conditions are as follows: drying at room temperature and in the environment, and the shelf life of the finished product is 2 years.
Further, in the third step, when the raw materials and the formula are checked, the selected raw materials are weighed on site and compared with the records on the formula, once differences exist in the comparison process, the weighing of the raw materials is problematic, and if the comparison results are consistent, the weight of the raw materials is in accordance with the requirements.
Further, in the sixth step, when the heat insulating property of the semi-finished product is tested, the selected semi-finished product is divided into three groups, and the number of the samples in each group is four, the actual temperature of the heating element in the first group of samples is 109.3 ℃, 109.4 ℃, 112.6 ℃ and 112.3 ℃, the actual temperature of the heating element in the second group of samples is 148.5 ℃, 148.9 ℃, 149.5 ℃ and 149.1 ℃, and the reagent temperature of the heating element in the third group of samples is 199.3 ℃, 199.0 ℃, 198.7 ℃ and 198.9 ℃.
Further, in the sixth step and the eighth step, the tool for temperature test has a heating table and a thermocouple thermometer.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention utilizes a calender and a hot-pressing thermometer to hot-press a silicon dioxide aerogel layer and two TPU substrate-free high-temperature hot melt adhesives together to prepare a composite material, the surface powder of the composite material is more fastened through a hot-pressing temperature machine and the calender, the silicon dioxide aerogel heat-insulating material with the powder falling off and the high-temperature TPU substrate-free high-temperature hot melt adhesives are compounded and processed into the non-falling powder composite material by using the hot-pressing temperature machine and the calender, the purpose that no powder overflows and falls off on the surface of the material is achieved, and the heat-insulating effect of the processed composite material is consistent with the heat-insulating effect of the body material without compounding;
2. the invention adds modified carbon black as a first light-screening agent into a foaming machine when the internal temperature of the foaming machine reaches 50-100 ℃, then adds mixed powder of silicon carbide and zirconia as a second light-screening agent into the foaming machine when the internal temperature of the foaming machine reaches 250-300 ℃, enhances the heat-insulating property of the prepared composite material by utilizing the modified carbon black, the silicon carbide and the zirconia as the light-screening agents, increases the binding force between modified carbon black particles and a matrix, can effectively reduce the influence of high temperature on the composite material, can effectively improve the light-shielding property of the composite material by adding the mixed powder of the modified carbon black, the silicon carbide and the zirconia under different foaming temperature conditions, and further can improve the heat-insulating property of the invention under the high temperature condition.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
The structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the present specification are only used for matching with the contents disclosed in the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions that the present invention can be implemented, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modifications, changes in the ratio relationship, or adjustments of the sizes, without affecting the effects and the achievable by the present invention, should still fall within the range that the technical contents disclosed in the present invention can cover.
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure provided by the present invention.
In the figure: 1 silicon dioxide aerogel layer and 2 TPU substrate-free high-temperature hot melt adhesive.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to the attached drawing 1 of the specification, the silica aerogel heat preservation and insulation composite film provided by the invention comprises a silica aerogel layer 1 and two TPU substrate-free high-temperature hot melt adhesives 2, wherein the two TPU substrate-free high-temperature hot melt adhesives 2 are respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of the silica aerogel layer 1, the silica aerogel layer 1 and the two TPU substrate-free high-temperature hot melt adhesives 2 are fixed together through hot pressing by a flat hot press, the upper layer is the melting point 125-160 ℃ TPU substrate-free high-temperature hot melt adhesive 2, the flat hot press is used for thermal compounding on the surface layer of the silica aerogel layer 1 to prevent powder falling, so that the silica aerogel has better tensile rate and elasticity, the bottom layer is the melting point 125-160 ℃ IPU substrate-free high-temperature hot melt adhesive 2, the flat hot press is used for thermal compounding on the bottom layer of the silica aerogel layer 1 to prevent powder falling, so that the silica aerogel has better tensile rate and elasticity, and the total thickness after hot pressing is 0.5-5mm, and the specific sizes are as follows: 0.5mm 1.0mm 1.5mm 2.0mm 2.5mm 3.0mm 3.5mm 4.5mm 5.0mm, wherein the silica aerogel layer 1 is prepared by foaming and shaping amorphous silica, polyurethane, oxidation modified carbon black, silicon carbide and zirconia, wherein the amorphous silica accounts for 80% by weight, the polyurethane accounts for 5% by weight, the oxidation modified carbon black accounts for 5% by weight, the silicon carbide accounts for 5% by weight, and the zirconia accounts for 5% by weight.
The prepared silica aerogel heat preservation and insulation composite film is white in color, the thermal conductivity is 0.014-0.018W/m.K, the long-term use temperature is-30-280 ℃, the temperature resistance range is-40-300 ℃, the density is 100kg/m for thin film growing, the volume resistivity is more than or equal to 1.0x1013 omega.cm, and the dielectric constant is more than or equal to 5.5 KHz.
A process for preparing a silica aerogel heat-insulation composite film comprises the following specific steps:
selecting solid granular amorphous silica and polyurethane, selecting solid granular oxidation modified carbon black as a first opacifier, and selecting solid granular silicon carbide and zirconia as raw materials of a second opacifier;
weighing amorphous silica, polyurethane, oxidation modified carbon black, silicon carbide and zirconia, and ensuring that the ratio of the amorphous silica to the polyurethane to the oxidation modified carbon black to the silicon carbide to the zirconia is 16:1:1:1: 1;
step three, checking whether the raw materials and the formula are accurate; when the raw materials and the formula are checked, the selected raw materials are weighed on site and compared with records on the formula, once differences exist in the comparison process, the weighing problem of the raw materials is indicated, and if the comparison results are consistent, the weight of the raw materials is indicated to meet the requirements;
pouring the weighed silicon carbide and the weighed zirconium oxide into a mixing tank for fully mixing to prepare a second opacifier for later use;
step five, starting a foaming machine, preheating the foaming machine, putting amorphous silicon dioxide and polyurethane particles into the foaming machine according to the weighed proportion, continuously heating the foaming machine in the foaming process, finally increasing the temperature to 300 ℃, observing the internal temperature of the foaming machine through a display panel on the foaming machine in the foaming process, adding modified carbon black serving as a first opacifier into the foaming machine when the internal temperature reaches 50-100 ℃, adding mixed powder of silicon carbide and zirconium oxide serving as a second opacifier into the foaming machine when the internal temperature of the foaming machine reaches 250-300 ℃, and foaming under the action of the foaming machine to prepare an aerogel composite film semi-finished product;
step six, selecting a plurality of semi-finished products as samples, and then testing the heat insulation performance of the semi-finished products; when testing the heat insulation performance of the semi-finished product, dividing the selected semi-finished product into three groups, wherein the number of each group of samples is four, the actual temperature of the heating element is 109.3 ℃, 109.4 ℃, 112.6 ℃ and 112.3 ℃ when testing the first group of samples, the actual temperature of the heating element is 148.5 ℃, 148.9 ℃, 149.5 ℃ and 149.1 ℃ when testing the second group of samples, and the reagent temperature of the heating element is 199.3 ℃, 199.0 ℃, 198.7 ℃ and 198.9 ℃ when testing the third group of samples; tests show that the heat insulation temperature of the first group of samples is 102.8 ℃, 92.8 ℃, 82.9 ℃ and 81.1 ℃, the heat insulation temperature of the second group of samples is 127.5 ℃, 116.2 ℃, 107.3 ℃ and 107.5 ℃, and the heat insulation temperature of the third group of samples is 171.1 ℃, 152.1 ℃, 138 ℃ and 133.0 ℃; through the tests, the composite film body prepared by the formula and the process has obvious heat insulation effect; wherein, the temperature testing tool comprises a heating table and a thermocouple thermodetector;
step seven, processing the semi-finished product into slices with various specifications and thicknesses by using a slicing machine, wherein the specifications of the slices are 1.2m in width and 100m in length, the slicing thickness is determined according to requirements, and the size of each slice is checked to meet the requirements;
step eight, hot-pressing the high-temperature-resistant TPU substrate-free high-temperature hot melt adhesive 2 and the silicon dioxide aerogel layer 1 sheet together by using a calender and a hot-pressing temperature machine to form a composite film body all the time, then inspecting the lamination thickness, and simultaneously carrying out temperature test; wherein, the temperature testing tool comprises a heating table and a thermocouple thermodetector; the surface powder is more tightly fixed through the hot-pressing temperature machine and the calender, the silicon dioxide aerogel heat-insulating material of the falling powder and the high-temperature-resistant TPU substrate-free high-temperature hot melt adhesive are compounded and processed into the non-falling powder composite material through the hot-pressing temperature machine and the calender, the purpose that no powder overflows and falls off on the surface of the material is achieved, and the heat-insulating effect of the processed composite material is consistent with the heat-insulating effect of the body material without compounding;
step nine, packaging the qualified products and warehousing for storage, wherein the storage conditions are as follows: drying at room temperature and in the environment, and the shelf life of the finished product is 2 years.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a silica aerogel thermal-insulated complex film which characterized in that: the high-temperature hot melt adhesive comprises a silica aerogel layer (1) and two TPU substrate-free high-temperature hot melt adhesives (2), wherein the TPU substrate-free high-temperature hot melt adhesives (2) are respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of the silica aerogel layer (1), the silica aerogel layer (1) is formed by foaming and shaping amorphous silica, polyurethane, oxidation modified carbon black, silicon carbide and zirconia, wherein the amorphous silica accounts for 80% by weight, the polyurethane accounts for 5% by weight, the oxidation modified carbon black accounts for 5% by weight, the silicon carbide accounts for 5% by weight, and the zirconia accounts for 5% by weight.
2. The silica aerogel thermal insulation composite film according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the silica aerogel layer (1) and the two TPU substrate-free high-temperature hot melt adhesives (2) are fixed together through a flat hot press in a hot pressing mode, the total thickness of the hot pressed silica aerogel layer and the hot melt adhesives is 0.5-5mm, and the melting point temperature of the TPU substrate-free high-temperature hot melt adhesives (2) is 125-160 ℃.
3. The silica aerogel thermal insulation composite film according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the color of the silica aerogel heat-insulation composite film is white, the thermal conductivity is 0.014-0.018W/m.K, the long-term use temperature is-30-280 ℃, the temperature resistance range is-40-300 ℃, the density is 100kg/m for carrying out thin film plantation, the volume resistivity is more than or equal to 1.0x1013 omega.cm, and the dielectric constant is more than or equal to 5.5 KHz.
4. The process for preparing the silica aerogel thermal insulation composite film according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:
selecting solid granular amorphous silica and polyurethane, selecting solid granular oxidation modified carbon black as a first opacifier, and selecting solid granular silicon carbide and zirconia as raw materials of a second opacifier;
weighing amorphous silica, polyurethane, oxidation modified carbon black, silicon carbide and zirconia, and ensuring that the ratio of the amorphous silica to the polyurethane to the oxidation modified carbon black to the silicon carbide to the zirconia is 16:1:1:1: 1;
step three, checking whether the raw materials and the formula are accurate;
pouring the weighed silicon carbide and the weighed zirconium oxide into a mixing tank for fully mixing to prepare a second opacifier for later use;
step five, starting a foaming machine, preheating the foaming machine, putting amorphous silica and polyurethane particles into the foaming machine according to the weighed proportion, continuously heating the foaming machine in the foaming process, finally increasing the internal temperature of the foaming machine to 300 ℃, observing the internal temperature of the foaming machine through a display panel on the foaming machine in the foaming process, adding modified carbon oxide serving as a first opacifier into the foaming machine when the internal temperature reaches 50-100 ℃, adding mixed powder of silicon carbide and zirconium oxide serving as a second opacifier into the foaming machine when the internal temperature of the foaming machine reaches 250-300 ℃, and foaming under the action of the foaming machine to prepare an aerogel composite film semi-finished product;
step six, selecting a plurality of semi-finished products as samples, and then testing the heat insulation performance of the semi-finished products;
step seven, processing the semi-finished product into slices with various specifications and thicknesses by using a slicing machine, wherein the specifications of the slices are 1.2m in width and 100m in length, the slicing thickness is determined according to requirements, and the size of each slice is checked to meet the requirements;
step eight, utilizing a calender and a hot-pressing temperature machine to hot-press the high-temperature-resistant TPU substrate-free high-temperature hot melt adhesive 2 and the silicon dioxide aerogel layer 1 sheet together to form a composite film body all the time, then checking the lamination thickness, and simultaneously carrying out temperature test;
step nine, packaging the qualified products and warehousing for storage, wherein the storage conditions are as follows: drying at room temperature and in the environment, and the shelf life of the finished product is 2 years.
5. The preparation process of the silica aerogel heat-preservation heat-insulation composite film according to claim 4, characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the third step, when the raw materials and the formula are checked, the selected raw materials are weighed on site and compared with the records on the formula, once differences exist in the comparison process, the weighing of the raw materials is proved to be problematic, and if the comparison results are consistent, the weight of the raw materials is proved to meet the requirements.
6. The preparation process of the silica aerogel heat-preservation heat-insulation composite film according to claim 4, characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the sixth step, when testing the heat insulation performance of the semi-finished product, the selected semi-finished product is divided into three groups, and the number of samples in each group is four, the actual temperature of the heating element in the test of the first group of samples is 109.3 ℃, 109.4 ℃, 112.6 ℃ and 112.3 ℃, the actual temperature of the heating element in the test of the second group of samples is 148.5 ℃, 148.9 ℃, 149.5 ℃ and 149.1 ℃, and the reagent temperature of the heating element in the test of the third group of samples is 199.3 ℃, 199.0 ℃, 198.7 ℃ and 198.9 ℃.
7. The preparation process of the silica aerogel heat-preservation heat-insulation composite film according to claim 4, characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the sixth step and the eighth step, the tool for temperature test has a heating table and a thermocouple thermometer.
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