CN114891339B - Aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, preparation method thereof and heat preservation and insulation material - Google Patents
Aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, preparation method thereof and heat preservation and insulation material Download PDFInfo
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- CN114891339B CN114891339B CN202210585329.3A CN202210585329A CN114891339B CN 114891339 B CN114891339 B CN 114891339B CN 202210585329 A CN202210585329 A CN 202210585329A CN 114891339 B CN114891339 B CN 114891339B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/22—Expanded, porous or hollow particles
- C08K7/24—Expanded, porous or hollow particles inorganic
- C08K7/26—Silicon- containing compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
- C08K3/042—Graphene or derivatives, e.g. graphene oxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/22—Expanded, porous or hollow particles
- C08K7/24—Expanded, porous or hollow particles inorganic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2207/00—Properties characterising the ingredient of the composition
- C08L2207/04—Thermoplastic elastomer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B80/00—Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
- Y02B80/10—Insulation, e.g. vacuum or aerogel insulation
Abstract
The invention discloses an aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, a preparation method thereof and a heat preservation and insulation material, and belongs to the field of polyurethane elastomer materials. According to the invention, the thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer and the aerogel are uniformly mixed, the uniform raw materials are obtained by drying, the uniform raw materials are processed into the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane composite filament, and the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer with the required morphology is prepared by using a 3D printing technology. The thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer and the aerogel have good heat insulation performance, the thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer and the aerogel are mixed to prepare a composite material, the synergistic effect can be achieved, the heat insulation effect of the product is further improved, the prepared raw materials are prepared into filaments, the 3D printing is used as a basis, the fusion between the raw materials can be enhanced, the obtained product has excellent heat insulation effect and heat stability, the low heat conductivity coefficient and the low density are achieved, the 3D technology is applied, the shape density of the product is controllable, and the product has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of polyurethane elastomer materials, in particular to an aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, a preparation method and a heat preservation and insulation material.
Background
The aerogel material is a lightweight porous solid material obtained by replacing the internal solvent with air under the condition that the framework of the aerogel is kept unchanged, the porosity of the aerogel material can reach more than 95%, and the aerogel is the solid material with the best heat insulation performance in the world at present and is also the heat insulation material closest to vacuum.
Polyurethane refers to a product obtained by reacting polyisocyanate with polyol or a compound having an isocyanate-reactive group, and can be widely used in the field of heat preservation and insulation. The aerogel material and polyurethane can be combined to play a synergistic effect, and a composite material with more excellent heat preservation and insulation performance is produced by processing, but how to compound the two materials can ensure the plasticity and chemical stability of the product while improving the heat preservation and insulation performance of the product is still a subject worth researching.
For example, the prior art discloses a nano silica modified polyurethane elastomer and a preparation method thereof, wherein polyether polyol, isocyanate and micromolecular dihydric alcohol are subjected to addition polymerization reaction to prepare a polyurethane prepolymer which is used as a component A; uniformly mixing a chain extender, ethyl silicate and a silane coupling agent, in-situ hydrolyzing nano silicon dioxide particles by the ethyl silicate, performing hydrophobic modification on the surface of the silane coupling agent, and removing a solvent from the mixture to prepare the component B. Uniformly mixing the component A and the component B according to a proportion, degassing, casting, and vulcanizing and forming to obtain the nano modified polyurethane elastomer. The invention realizes the uniform dispersion of the silica particles in the polyurethane, fully exerts the reinforcing effect of the nano particles, and can obviously improve the heat resistance and chemical stability of the polyurethane elastomer because the prepared polyurethane elastomer is crosslinked by the nano silica particles; can meet the requirements of the sealing element on mechanical strength, wear resistance, high elasticity and oil resistance, and has wide market prospect.
However, the above technical solution cannot perform plasticity on the product according to different requirements, and has a limitation in application.
The 3D printing technology breaks through the restrictions in terms of raw materials, technology, cost and the like, produces some products which cannot be obtained by using the traditional technology through additive manufacturing, and provides new materials with wide application for engineers, including the fields of biology, catalysis, medicine carriers and the like, to which some traditional materials cannot be applied. Thermoplastic polyurethane has special viscoelastic property, and 3D printing foam with heat preservation and heat insulation effects can be produced through a 3D printing technology. The aerogel is added into the thermoplastic polyurethane to obtain the composite material, and the 3D printing composite foam prepared by the composite material through a 3D printing technology can further improve the heat insulation performance of the product due to the synergistic effect of the aerogel and the thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, can be widely applied to various fields with heat insulation requirements and can be required to design and configure the heat insulation material according to the requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide an aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, a preparation method thereof and a heat insulation material, and aims to solve the technical problems that the polyurethane elastomer material is not ideal in heat insulation performance and large in density, and the material cannot be designed and configured according to the function of a product.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides an aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer having a composition comprising an aerogel and a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer having a density of 100 to 500kg·m -3 The heat conductivity coefficient is 0.020-0.050 W.m -1 ·K -1 The toughness is 200-600 J.m -3 The maximum tension is 500-1000kPa, and the elongation at break is 40% -70%.
Optionally, the mass fraction of the aerogel is 1% -20%.
Optionally, the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer is in a honeycomb foam shape, so that the heat insulation performance of the product can be further improved, and the density of the product can be reduced.
In addition, to achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a method for preparing an aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, comprising the steps of:
s10, uniformly mixing a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer and aerogel, and then drying to remove water to prepare a uniform raw material;
s20, preparing the uniform raw material of the S10 into filaments to obtain aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane composite filaments;
s30, preparing the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane composite filament into the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer with the required morphology through a 3D printing process.
The thermoplastic polyurethane material selected by the invention is a thermoplastic molding high polymer material, so that the effect of shape controllability in the subsequent 3D printing is realized.
Optionally, S10 uniformly mixing the thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer with the aerogel by a beater or a pulverizer.
Optionally, the thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer of S10 contains a flame retardant modified thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer.
Optionally, the mass fraction of the aerogel in S10 is 1% -20%.
Optionally, the aerogel is modified as desired for the function of the product.
Optionally, the aerogel in S10 is any one or more of silica aerogel, carbon aerogel, cellulose aerogel, zirconium dioxide aerogel, and aluminum oxide aerogel.
Further alternatively, the modification of the silica aerogel is a hydrophobic modification, modifying the silica aerogel from hydrophilic to hydrophobic.
Optionally, cellulose is introduced into the silica aerogel for modification, so as to achieve the effect of enhancing the mechanical properties of the aerogel.
Optionally, graphene is introduced into the silica aerogel for modification, so that the effect of enhancing the mechanical properties of the product is achieved.
Optionally, the S20 is processed into filaments by an extruder from the uniform raw material of the S10, which not only lays a material foundation for the 3D printing technology of the S30, but also can further strengthen the compounding of aerogel and thermoplastic polyurethane.
Further alternatively, the extrusion temperature of S20 is 200-250 ℃.
Optionally, controlling S20 the thickness of the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane composite filament, which has a diameter of 1.75-3mm, according to the requirements of the 3D printing technology.
Alternatively, the drying temperature of S10 is 80-150 ℃.
Alternatively, the drying time of S10 is 1-12 hours.
Optionally, S30 draws the desired print model using 3D drawing software and prints the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane composite filaments of S20 into the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer of the desired print model in combination with slicing software and a 3D printer.
Further optionally, the print model is honeycomb.
The invention also provides a heat-insulating material which is the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer prepared by the technology, can be widely applied to various fields with heat-insulating requirements, and can be shaped by a 3D printing technology according to the requirements.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer provided by the invention has the advantages that the raw materials are tightly compounded, the thermal conductivity and the density are lower, the excellent heat insulation effect is obtained, the function of adjusting the appearance of the product can be realized, the excellent mechanical property is also realized, and the application range of the product is widened.
According to the invention, the aerogel and the thermoplastic polyurethane are uniformly mixed to prepare the uniform raw materials, and then the uniform raw materials are processed into the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane composite filament, so that a material foundation is laid for a 3D printing technology, the composite of the aerogel and the thermoplastic polyurethane can be further enhanced, the aerogel and the thermoplastic polyurethane have a synergistic effect, and the heat preservation and heat insulation effects of the product can be further enhanced.
The invention enables the appearance of the product to be adjustable through a 3D printing technology, designs the product into a honeycomb shape, and can effectively improve the heat preservation and insulation effects and obviously reduce the density of the product.
Drawings
For a clearer description of embodiments of the invention or of solutions in the prior art, the following brief description of the drawings is given for the purpose of illustrating the embodiments or the solutions in the prior art, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained from the structures shown in these drawings without the need for inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the process for preparing an aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer of the present invention.
The achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The description as it relates to "1 st", "2 nd", etc. in the present invention is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "1 st", "2 nd" may include at least one such feature explicitly or implicitly. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the scope of protection claimed in the present invention.
The invention provides a preparation method of an aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, referring to fig. 1, the preparation method of the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer comprises the following steps:
s10, uniformly mixing the thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer and the aerogel, and then drying to remove water to prepare the uniform raw material.
The thermoplastic polyurethane material selected by the invention is a high polymer material formed by thermal plastic, so that the effect of shape controllability is realized in the subsequent 3D printing.
Specifically, the state of the thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer and the aerogel is not limited, and in this embodiment, the thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer is any one or more of a particle shape, a block shape, or a filament shape, and the aerogel is any one or more of a particle shape, a block shape, or a powder shape.
Specifically, the thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer may be composed of one or more modified thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers as required according to the product performance, and in this embodiment, the thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer contains a flame retardant thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer.
Specifically, the aerogel is any one or more of silica aerogel, carbon aerogel, cellulose aerogel, zirconium dioxide aerogel and aluminum oxide aerogel.
Further, the aerogel can be modified according to the function of the product, and in this embodiment, the silica aerogel is modified from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, so that the structure and performance of the silica aerogel are prevented from being affected by the existence of moisture; cellulose is introduced into the silica aerogel for modification, so that the effect of enhancing the mechanical property of the aerogel can be achieved; graphene is introduced into the silicon dioxide aerogel for modification, so that the effect of enhancing the mechanical properties of the product can be achieved.
Specifically, the present invention is not limited to a device in which the thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer and the aerogel are uniformly mixed, and in this embodiment, the device is a pulverizer or a beater.
Specifically, the drying is performed in the equipment with the drying function, in this embodiment, the equipment with the drying function is a drying box, the drying is performed for 1-12 hours under the temperature condition of 80-150 ℃, the moisture is removed, the forming effect of preparing the uniform raw materials into fine wires due to excessive moisture is avoided, and meanwhile, adverse effects on the quality of the final product are also prevented, for example, if the moisture content of the raw materials used for 3D printing is excessive, bubbles, wrinkles and waves are easily generated on the product, the surface of the product is easily grey and dull, and the physical property and the mechanical property are also reduced.
Specifically, the mass fraction of the aerogel is 1% -20%.
It should be noted that the mass fraction of the aerogel is 1% -20% as follows: the mass of the aerogel accounts for 1% -20% of the sum of the mass of the thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer and the mass of the aerogel.
S20, preparing the uniform raw material of the S10 into filaments to obtain aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane composite filaments;
it should be noted that, in this embodiment, the raw material of S10 is prepared into filaments by using an extruder, on one hand, the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane composite filaments can lay a raw material foundation for a 3D printing technology, and on the other hand, the composite of the thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer and the aerogel can be further reinforced.
The thickness of the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane composite filament is determined according to the requirements of the 3D printing technology. Further, the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane composite filament has a diameter of 1.75-3mm.
S30, preparing the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane composite filament of the S20 into the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer with the required morphology through a 3D printing process.
Specifically, a 3D drawing software is used for drawing a required printing model, parameters of slicing software and parameters of a 3D printer are set according to the requirements, and the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer composite filament of S20 is used as a printing raw material to prepare the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer of the required printing model. Further, the printing model is honeycomb, so that the heat preservation and heat insulation functions of the product can be effectively improved, and the printing model has low heat conductivity coefficient and low density.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer according to an embodiment 1 of the preparation method of the present invention.
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer includes the following steps:
s10, taking 495g of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer granules and 5g of silica aerogel particles, putting into a pulverizer, pulverizing, and drying in an oven at 105 ℃ for 7 hours to remove water after the particles are refined and mixed, so as to prepare the uniform raw material.
And S20, extruding and processing the uniform raw material of the step S10 into aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer composite filaments with the thickness required by a 3D printing technology at the temperature of 210 ℃ by using an extruder, wherein the diameter of the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer composite filaments is 1.75mm.
S30, drawing a honeycomb printing model by using 3D drawing software, setting slice software parameters to be 0.2mm in layer height, 0.8mm in wall thickness, 2 in wall routing times, 0.8mm in top layer/bottom layer thickness, 4 in top layer/bottom layer number, 20% in filling density, grid in filling pattern, 60mm/S in printing speed and no support, setting main parameters of a 3D printer to be printing temperature 210 ℃, substrate temperature 60 ℃ and 50% in printing speed, defaulting the rest other parameters, and printing the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer composite filament of S20 into the honeycomb aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer.
In the embodiment, the obtained honeycomb aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer is well compounded between the aerogel and the thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, and the product has lower heat conductivity coefficient and lower density, realizes excellent heat preservation and heat insulation functions, and can be applied as a heat preservation and heat insulation material.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment 2 of a method for preparing an aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer according to the present invention.
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer includes the following steps:
s10, placing 450g of massive thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer and 50g of zirconium dioxide aerogel particles into a pulverizer, pulverizing, and drying in a 90 ℃ oven for 8 hours to remove water after the particles are refined and mixed, so as to prepare the uniform raw material.
And S20, extruding and processing the uniform raw material of the step S10 by using an extruder at the temperature of 200 ℃ to obtain the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer composite filament with the thickness required by the 3D printing technology, wherein the diameter of the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer composite filament is 3mm.
S30, drawing a honeycomb printing model by using 3D drawing software, setting slice software parameters to be 0.2mm in layer height, 0.8mm in wall thickness, 2 in wall routing times, 0.8mm in top layer/bottom layer thickness, 4 in top layer/bottom layer number, 20% in filling density, triangular in filling pattern, 30mm/S in printing speed and unsupported, setting main parameters of a 3D printer to be printing temperature 210 ℃, substrate temperature 60 ℃ and printing speed 50%, and defaulting the rest other parameters, and printing the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer composite filament of S20 into the honeycomb aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer.
The product of this embodiment has the same advantages as those of the product of embodiment 1, and will not be described here again.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment 3 of a method for preparing an aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer according to the present invention.
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer includes the following steps:
s10, 400g of powdery thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer and 100g of alumina aerogel particles are taken and put into a pulverizer to be pulverized, and after the refinement and mixing of the particles are completed, the particles are put into a baking oven at 130 ℃ to be dried for 6 hours to remove water, so that the uniform raw material is prepared.
And S20, extruding and processing the uniform raw material of the step S10 into aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer composite filaments with the thickness required by a 3D printing technology by using an extruder at the temperature of 220 ℃, wherein the diameter of the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer composite filaments is 2mm.
S30, drawing a honeycomb printing model by using 3D drawing software, setting the parameter setting layer height of slicing software to be 0.1mm, the wall thickness to be 0.8mm, the wall routing times to be 2, the top layer/bottom layer thickness to be 0.8mm, the top layer/bottom layer number to be 2, the filling density to be 30%, the filling pattern to be a grid, the printing speed to be 90mm/S, and no support, setting the main parameters of a 3D printer to be the printing temperature 210 ℃, the substrate temperature 40 ℃ and the printing speed to be 100%, and defaulting the rest other parameters, and printing the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer composite filament of S20 into the honeycomb aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer.
The product of this embodiment has the same advantages as those of the product of embodiment 1, and will not be described here again.
Example 4
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer according to example 4 of the preparation method of the present invention.
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer includes the following steps:
s10, 475g of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer granules and 25g of powdery graphene/silicon dioxide aerogel are taken and put into a beating machine for beating, after the refinement and mixing of the granules are completed, the granules are put into a baking oven at 150 ℃ for drying for 1h to remove water, and a uniform raw material is obtained;
specifically, the S10 thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer contains a flame-retardant thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, so that the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer of the final product has a flame-retardant function.
And S20, extruding and processing the uniform raw material of the step S10 into aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer composite filaments with the thickness required by a 3D printing technology at the temperature of 250 ℃ by using an extruder, wherein the diameter of the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer composite filaments is 2.5mm.
S30, drawing a honeycomb printing model by using 3D drawing software, setting slice software parameters to be 0.2mm in layer height, 0.8mm in wall thickness, 4 in wall routing times, 0.4mm in top layer/bottom layer thickness, 2 in top layer/bottom layer number, 20% in filling density, grid in filling pattern, 60mm/S in printing speed and no support, setting main parameters of a 3D printer to be 210 ℃ in printing temperature, 60 ℃ in substrate temperature and 150% in printing speed, and defaulting the rest other parameters, and printing the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer composite filament of S20 into the honeycomb aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer.
The product of this embodiment has the same advantages as those of the product of embodiment 1, and will not be described here again.
Example 5
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment 5 of a method for preparing an aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer according to the present invention.
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer includes the following steps:
s10, taking 495g of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer granules and 5g of cellulose/silicon dioxide aerogel particles, putting into a pulverizer to pulverize, putting into an oven at 80 ℃ to dry for 12 hours after the refinement and mixing of the particles are completed, and obtaining a uniform raw material;
s20, extruding the uniform raw material of the S10 into aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer composite filaments with the thickness required by a 3D printing technology by using an extruder at 240 ℃, wherein the diameter of the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer composite filaments is 1.75mm;
s30, drawing a plate-shaped printing model by using 3D drawing software, setting slicing software parameters to be 0.2mm in layer height, 0.8mm in wall thickness, 4 in wall routing times, 0.4mm in top layer/bottom layer thickness, 2 in top layer/bottom layer number, 20% in filling density, 60mm/S in printing speed and no support, setting main parameters of a 3D printer to be 210 ℃ in printing temperature, 60 ℃ in substrate temperature and 150% in printing speed, and printing aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer composite filaments of S20 into the plate-shaped aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer by default of other parameters remained.
The product of this embodiment has the same advantages as those of the product of embodiment 1, and will not be described here again.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 was substantially the same as the preparation method of example 1, except that silica aerogel particles were not added.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 was prepared in substantially the same manner as in example 1, except that after S20, the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer composite filaments were further kneaded and pressed to obtain a composite sheet.
Performance testing
The properties of the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer obtained in examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were measured, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Properties of the products obtained in examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-2
| Performance test project | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 |
| Density (kg.m) -3 ) | 300 | 250 | 450 | 100 | 500 | 860 | 890 |
| Coefficient of thermal conductivity (W.m) -1 ·K -1 ) | 0.020 | 0.020 | 0.040 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.080 | 0.090 |
| Toughness (J.m) -3 ) | 200 | 400 | 400 | 500 | 600 | 100 | 150 |
| Maximum tension (kPa) | 600 | 850 | 500 | 950 | 1000 | 350 | 400 |
| Elongation at break (%) | 50 | 40 | 70 | 60 | 70 | 25 | 30 |
As can be seen from table 1:
the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer prepared by the technology of the invention has a particle size of 100-500 kg.m -3 Compared with the heat conductivity coefficient of the product obtained in the comparative example 1-2, the heat conductivity coefficient of the product obtained in the example 1-5 is reduced by 37.5-77.8%, and the heat preservation and insulation effect of the product is obviously improved.
From comparative example 1, it was unexpectedly found that aerogel is one of the important factors affecting the thermal conductivity and density of aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer.
As is clear from comparative example 2, the density and the heat conductivity of the obtained product are not ideal and the mechanical property is poor, only 150 J.m -3 The toughness of (C) is 400kPa, the maximum tension is 400kPa, the elongation at break is 30 percent, the application range is limited, and the product is not qualified. In addition, the product obtained in the embodiment 5 is also plate-shaped, but is obtained by a 3D printing technology, and raw material particles are orderly arranged, so that the product still has lower density, heat conductivity coefficient and better mechanical property.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather is intended to cover any equivalents of the structures or equivalent processes disclosed herein or in the alternative, which may be employed directly or indirectly in other related arts.
Claims (10)
1. An aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, wherein the composition of the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer comprises an aerogel and a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, and the density of the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer is 100-500kg m -3 The heat conductivity coefficient is 0.020-0.050W m -1 ·K -1 The toughness is 200-600J m -3 The maximum tension is 500-1000kPa, and the elongation at break is 40% -70%; the method for preparing the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer and aerogel, and drying to remove water to prepare a uniform raw material; preparing the prepared uniform raw material into filaments to obtain aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane composite filaments; the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane composite filament is prepared into the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer with the required morphology through a 3D printing process.
2. The aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer of claim 1, wherein the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer is in the form of a honeycomb foam.
3. A process for the preparation of an aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer as claimed in claim 1 or 2, comprising the following preparation steps:
uniformly mixing a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer and aerogel, and drying to remove water to prepare a uniform raw material;
preparing the prepared uniform raw material into filaments to obtain aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane composite filaments;
the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane composite filament is prepared into the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer with the required morphology through a 3D printing process.
4. A method of preparing an aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer as claimed in claim 3 wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer comprises a flame retardant modified thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer.
5. A method of preparing an aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer as claimed in claim 3, wherein the aerogel has a mass fraction of 1% to 20%.
6. The method for preparing an aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer according to claim 3, wherein the aerogel is any one or more of silica aerogel, carbon aerogel, cellulose aerogel, zirconium dioxide aerogel and aluminum oxide aerogel.
7. A method of producing an aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer as claimed in claim 3, wherein the average raw material is extruded into filaments by an extruder to obtain the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane composite filaments having a diameter of 1.75 to 3mm.
8. The method of preparing an aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer as claimed in claim 7, wherein the extrusion temperature of the extruder is 200 to 250 ℃.
9. The method for producing an aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer according to claim 3, wherein in the step of uniformly mixing the thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer with the aerogel and then drying to remove water, the drying temperature is 80 to 150 ℃ and the drying time is 1 to 12h.
10. A thermal insulation material comprising the aerogel/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer of claim 1 or 2.
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