CN113621394A - Device and method for coal pyrolysis by using solar energy - Google Patents
Device and method for coal pyrolysis by using solar energy Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/04—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials
- C10K1/046—Reducing the tar content
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
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- F24S23/31—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with lenses having discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lenses
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for coal pyrolysis by using solar energy, belonging to the field of energy and chemical industry. The device comprises a solar energy gathering device, a photoelectric conversion device, a solar energy automatic tracking device, a pyrolysis reaction device, a temperature control heater and an oil-gas separator; according to the invention, clean renewable solar energy is organically coupled with the coal pyrolysis process, and solar energy is intensified and converted into heat energy and electric energy by using the solar energy gathering device and the photoelectric conversion device to heat the pyrolysis reaction device, so that a high-quality heat source required by the coal pyrolysis reaction is provided, and the purpose of green pyrolysis conversion of coal is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for coal pyrolysis by using solar energy, belonging to the field of energy and chemical industry.
Background
According to the classification of Chinese coal bed coal GB/T17606, the low-rank coal is defined as coal with constant humidity, no ash, high calorific value (Qgr maf) less than 24MJ/kg, the coal is divided into low-metamorphic bituminous coal (such as long flame coal, non-caking coal, weakly caking coal and the like) and lignite, the low-metamorphic bituminous coal is mainly distributed in northwest, north China and northeast China, the coalification degree is higher than that of the lignite, and the water content reaches 5-12%; lignite is mineral coal with the lowest coalification degree and is mainly distributed in two large areas of the northeast and the southwest of China. Chinese coal resources are relatively rich, the storage amount of the coal resources is 1892 hundred million tons, wherein low-rank coal accounts for 30 percent of the total storage amount of the national coal, how to realize the value-increasing and efficient utilization of the low-rank coal resources is a major challenge for energy utilization in China, and low-temperature pyrolysis of the low-rank coal is one of important technologies for clean and efficient utilization of the coal.
Chinese patent CN107919848A discloses an annular linear fresnel high power condenser, which adopts a point condensing manner to greatly improve the condensing ratio of the condenser, greatly improve the energy density after condensing, and does not change the frequency and wavelength of natural sunlight, and has an automatic tracking technology of dual-axis tracking to ensure that sunlight always keeps direct irradiation, and the light source after condensing reinforcement has higher utilization value. Topic group of professor Thomas Moriarty in National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) ((Nature Energy2019, DOI: 10.1038/s 41560-020-. Therefore, the annular linear Fresnel solar high-power condenser is utilized to condense the solar energy The light is utilized later, so that the solar photoelectric/thermal conversion efficiency can be improved, a high-quality heat source can be obtained, and high-grade energy required by other energy conversion processes can be provided.
The coal low-temperature pyrolysis process is a strong heat absorption process, the required temperature is as high as 600 ℃, the current industrial low-rank coal pyrolysis technology is mainly divided into an external heating type, an internal heating type and an internal heating and external heating mixed type according to the heating mode of a furnace, in order to meet the heat required by the coal pyrolysis process, heat is supplied or electrically heated mainly through fossil fuel combustion, the energy consumption is high, and simultaneously, a large amount of pollutants are indirectly discharged to cause environmental pollution. Therefore, how to seek a cheap clean high-temperature heat source, provide the heat required by the coal pyrolysis process, and develop a low-carbon high-efficiency green coal pyrolysis technology is the key for promoting the clean and high-efficiency conversion and utilization of low-rank coal. Therefore, the invention provides a device for pyrolysis, quality improvement, conversion and utilization of low-rank coal by solar energy enhanced light gathering driving, so that clean and efficient conversion and utilization of renewable energy sources and solar energy coupled fossil energy sources are realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for coal pyrolysis by using solar energy.
According to the invention, through the high-power light-gathering solar device and the method, the solar light-gathering effect is improved, the grade and the quality of solar energy are improved, a high-temperature heat source is obtained, heat required by coal pyrolysis reaction is provided, and the purpose of utilizing solar energy to supply heat to pyrolyze coal for reaction production of semicoke, tar and pyrolysis coal gas is achieved.
The invention provides a device for coal pyrolysis by using solar energy, which comprises a solar energy gathering device, a photoelectric conversion device, a solar energy automatic tracking device, a pyrolysis reaction device, a temperature control heater and an oil-gas separator, wherein the solar energy gathering device is connected with the photoelectric conversion device through a pipeline;
the solar energy gathering device consists of a Fresnel lens, an annular stainless steel sheet and a supporting framework; the bottom of the supporting framework is a cylindrical stainless steel base, the top of the supporting framework is an inverted umbrella-shaped structure formed by welding a plurality of common stainless steel bars, annular stainless steel sheets with different diameters are fixed above the supporting framework through welding, and the Fresnel lens is fixed in a circular groove at the center of the annular stainless steel sheet with the smallest inner diameter;
the photoelectric conversion device consists of a foldable solar silicon crystal plate cell and a storage battery; the solar silicon crystal plate cells are fixed right below the solar energy gathering device and are arranged in a ring shape; the solar silicon crystal plate battery converts solar energy into electric energy to be stored in the storage battery;
the solar automatic tracking device consists of a photosensitive tracker, a controller, a transverse rotator and a longitudinal rotator; the photosensitive tracker is fixed on the solar energy gathering device and is vertical to the lens, the transverse rotator and the longitudinal rotator are fixed at the bottom of the supporting frame, the photosensitive tracker transmits an illumination signal to the controller, and the controller controls the transverse rotator and the longitudinal rotator so as to ensure that the photosensitive tracker receives the illumination direction;
The pyrolysis reaction device is fixed in the middle of the supporting framework; the cake-shaped reactor in the pyrolysis reaction device is a stainless steel cake-shaped reactor, a drawer type feeding and discharging mode is adopted, and a pyrolysis gas pipeline is positioned above the cake-shaped reactor; the cake-shaped reactor can effectively reduce the temperature difference between the longitudinal reaction zone and the transverse reaction zone, and ensure the uniform temperature of each reaction zone; heating resistance wires are uniformly wound on the side surface and the bottom of the pie-shaped reactor, and are coated with heat-insulating materials; the bottom of the cake-shaped reactor is provided with a drawer type feed inlet and a drawer type feed outlet, the raw materials are loaded in the drawer at the bottom before the reaction and pushed into the reaction device, and the solid product is separated from the bottom of the reactor after the pyrolysis reaction is finished; the light receiving surface of the pie-shaped reactor is coated by a heat conducting metal material, the middle of the pie-shaped reactor is filled with heat conducting oil, and the heat conducting oil has large specific heat capacity and can play a role in heat transfer and heat preservation; after the light irradiates the heat-conducting metal material, a high-temperature heat source is generated and transmitted to the heat-conducting oil, so that the cake-shaped reactor is uniformly heated, and the coal pyrolysis is realized;
the temperature control heater consists of a temperature sensor and a heating resistance wire; the temperature sensor is used for measuring and monitoring the internal temperature of the pie-shaped reactor; the heating resistance wire is controlled by the temperature sensor and is used for heating the pie-shaped reactor;
The oil-gas separator is of a double-layer structure, the oil-gas separator is divided into two spaces by the inner shell, the inner part of the oil-gas separator is of a tower-shaped structure, condensed water flows through an interlayer between the outer shell and the inner tower from top to bottom and performs countercurrent heat exchange with rising pyrolysis gas entering from the bottom, tar in the pyrolysis gas is condensed, settled and collected, and the pyrolysis gas is discharged from the top of the tower;
in the device, the solar energy gathering device controls the light gathering direction of the solar energy gathering device through the solar energy automatic tracking device, so that the solar radiation angle is perpendicular to the solar energy gathering device, and the maximum light gathering is realized.
In the device, the solar automatic tracking device tracks sunlight through the induction of the photosensitive tracker, the photosensitive tracker is fixed on the solar gathering device, a main optical axis of the solar gathering device is always parallel to sunlight, the direction with the strongest illumination is induced, and a signal is transmitted to the solar automatic tracking device, so that the transverse rotator and the longitudinal rotator can drive the solar gathering device to adjust in multiple directions.
In the device, the photoelectric conversion device can convert the surplus solar energy in the time with strong light intensity into electric energy to be stored, the photoelectric conversion device is composed of a plurality of foldable solar silicon crystal plate cells, the silicon crystal plates are annularly arranged, the number of the silicon crystal plates can be set according to the area of a single silicon crystal plate and the scale of the solar energy gathering device, and the number of the silicon crystal plates receiving illumination can be adjusted according to the sunlight intensity under the condition of ensuring the energy requirement required by the temperature of the cake-shaped reactor.
In the device, the temperature control heating device can monitor the temperature of the cake reactor in real time, and when the temperature of the cake reactor is lower than the requirement of the coal pyrolysis reaction, the electric energy in the storage battery can be released to heat the cake reactor, so that the temperature of the cake reactor is maintained at 550 ℃ and 600 ℃.
The invention provides a method for coal pyrolysis by using solar energy, which comprises the following steps: putting raw material coal into a drawer at the bottom of a cake-shaped reactor, and pushing the raw material coal into the cake-shaped reactor; the solar energy gathering device and the irradiation direction of the sunlight are adjusted through the solar energy automatic tracking device, and the irradiation intensity is 500-1000W/m2The area of the solar light-gathering device receiving vertical illumination is 1.0-1.2 m2Adjusting 4-12 solar silicon crystal plate cells on the photoelectric conversion device to be turned on to receive illumination, converting 18-30% of light energy into electric energy and storing the electric energy in a storage battery; the temperature control heating device monitors the temperature of the cake-shaped reactor in real time, the reaction temperature is 450-600 ℃, and the reaction time is 0.5-3 h; when the illumination is sufficient, the storage battery does not provide electricity for heating; the bottom drawer is drawn out to obtain a semicoke product, and the semicoke yield is 55-70%; the gas product enters an oil-gas separator for condensation through a pyrolysis gas pipeline; tar is obtained at the bottom of the oil-gas separator, and pyrolysis gas is obtained at the top.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, high-grade and high-quality solar energy is obtained by gathering the intensity of sunlight and increasing the energy density of the sunlight, and is converted into a high-temperature heat source and clean electric power to supply energy required by coal pyrolysis, so that solar energy is fully utilized, renewable energy solar energy is utilized in situ to sustainably and stably drive the low-rank coal pyrolysis to be upgraded and converted, fossil energy or electric energy consumption caused by external heat supply in the coal pyrolysis process and indirect pollutant emission caused by the external heat supply are avoided, an important way is provided for clean and efficient conversion of coal resources, and the solar energy coal and the solar energy are cooperatively coupled and utilized for important reference.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus for coal pyrolysis using solar heat according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a pyrolysis reaction apparatus.
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of a method for coal pyrolysis using solar heat.
Fig. 4 is a light condensing principle diagram of the solar energy concentrating apparatus.
Fig. 5 is a layout of a solar silicon panel cell structure (top view of fig. 1).
In the figure: the device comprises a Fresnel lens 1, an annular stainless steel sheet 2, a solar silicon crystal plate battery 3, a storage battery 4, a photosensitive tracker 5, a controller 6, a transverse rotator 7, a longitudinal rotator 8, a cake-shaped reactor 9, a temperature sensor 10, a heating resistance wire 11, a pyrolysis gas pipeline 12, an oil-gas separator 13, a pyrolysis gas outlet pipeline 14, a tar outlet pipeline 15, heat conducting oil 16, a drawer-type material inlet and outlet 17, a support framework 18 and a circular groove 19.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by, but is not limited to, the following examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the present invention provides a device for coal pyrolysis using solar heat, comprising: the device comprises a solar energy gathering device, a photoelectric conversion device, a solar energy automatic tracking device, a pyrolysis reaction device, a temperature control heater and an oil-gas separator;
the solar energy gathering device consists of a Fresnel lens 1, an annular stainless steel sheet 2 and a supporting framework 18; the Fresnel lens 1 and the annular stainless steel sheet 2 are fixed on the support framework 18, a plurality of groups of annular stainless steel sheets 2 are arranged in parallel, and the diameter of each group is gradually increased; the bottom of the supporting framework 18 is a cylindrical stainless steel base, a plurality of common stainless steel bars and annular stainless steel sheets are welded and fixed above the base to form a trapezoidal round table structure, a hollow stainless steel circular groove 19 is formed in the center of the annular stainless steel sheet 2 with the smallest inner diameter, the stainless steel circular groove 19 is welded and fixed on the annular stainless steel sheet 2 with the smallest inner diameter through the steel bars, and the transparent Fresnel lens 1 is directly placed and fixed in the circular groove 19 in the center of the annular stainless steel sheet 2 with the smallest inner diameter;
the photoelectric conversion device consists of a foldable solar silicon crystal plate cell 3 and a storage battery 4; the solar silicon crystal plate cells 3 are annularly arranged right below the solar energy gathering device; the solar silicon crystal plate cell 3 converts solar energy into electric energy to be stored in the storage battery 4;
The solar automatic tracking device consists of a photosensitive tracker 5, a controller 6, a transverse rotator 7 and a longitudinal rotator 8; the photosensitive tracker 5 is fixed on the solar energy gathering device and is vertical to the lens, the transverse rotator 7 and the longitudinal rotator 8 are fixed at the bottom of the supporting frame 18, the photosensitive tracker 5 transmits an illumination signal to the controller, and the controller 6 controls the transverse rotator 7 and the longitudinal rotator 8 to ensure that the photosensitive tracker receives the illumination direction; the lower end of the transverse rotator 7 is fixed on the base of the supporting framework 18 through a bearing, the upper end is fixed with the longitudinal rotator 8, and the horizontal direction is adjusted through the rotation of the transverse rotator 7; the lower end of the longitudinal rotator 8 is fixed on the transverse rotator 7 through a bearing, the upper end of the longitudinal rotator 8 is connected and fixed with a pyrolysis reaction device, and longitudinal adjustment is carried out through rotation of the longitudinal rotator 8;
as shown in fig. 1, the bottom of the horizontal rotator 7 and the bottom of the vertical rotator 8 are fixed by screws, and there is no special structure, but the rotators can rotate in different directions by receiving optical signals.
The pyrolysis reaction device comprises a cake-shaped reactor 9 and a pyrolysis gas pipeline 12, and is fixed in the middle of the supporting framework; the cake-shaped reactor 9 is a stainless steel cake-shaped reactor 9, the bottom of the cake-shaped reactor is provided with a drawer type feeding and discharging port 17, a drawer type feeding and discharging mode is adopted, and an opening on the side surface of the cake-shaped reactor 9 is connected with the pyrolysis gas pipeline 12; the cake-shaped reactor can effectively reduce the temperature difference between the longitudinal reaction zone and the transverse reaction zone, and ensure the uniform temperature of each reaction zone; heating resistance wires 11 are uniformly wound on the side surface and the bottom of the pie-shaped reactor 9 and are coated with heat-insulating materials; before reaction, the raw materials are loaded in a drawer at the bottom of a cake-shaped reactor 9 and pushed into a reaction device, and after pyrolysis reaction is finished, a solid product is separated from the bottom of the reactor; the light receiving surface of the pie-shaped reactor 9 is coated by a heat conducting metal material, the heat conducting oil 16 is filled in the middle, and the heat conducting oil 16 has large specific heat capacity and can play a role in heat transfer and heat preservation; after the light irradiates the heat-conducting metal material, a high-temperature heat source is generated and transmitted to the heat-conducting oil 16, so that the cake-shaped reactor 9 is uniformly heated, and the coal pyrolysis is realized; the cake-shaped reactor 9 is fixedly welded inside the pyrolysis device;
The temperature control heater consists of a temperature sensor 10 and a heating resistance wire 11; the temperature sensor 10 is arranged at the central position in the cake-shaped reactor 9 and is used for measuring and monitoring the temperature in the cake-shaped reactor 9; the heating resistance wire 11 is controlled by a temperature sensor 10 and is used for heating the pie-shaped reactor 9;
the oil-gas separator is of a double-layer structure, the bottom of the oil-gas separator is connected with the pyrolysis gas pipeline 12 and the tar pipeline 15, and the top of the oil-gas separator is provided with a pyrolysis gas outlet pipeline 14; the oil-gas separator is divided into two spaces by the inner shell, the inner tower plates are alternately arranged in an inclined manner (the inclination angle is 30-45 degrees), condensed water flows through an interlayer between the outer shell and the inner tower from top to bottom and performs countercurrent heat exchange with pyrolysis gas entering from the bottom and rising, tar in the pyrolysis gas is condensed and settled, the tar is collected through a tar pipeline at the bottom, and the pyrolysis gas is discharged from an outlet pipeline at the top of the tower;
the invention provides a device for decomposing coal by using solar energy, wherein a solar energy automatic tracking device controls the light condensation direction of a solar energy gathering device, so that the solar radiation angle is ensured to be vertical to the solar energy gathering device, and the light condensation is realized to the maximum extent; the solar automatic tracking device tracks sunlight through the induction of the photosensitive tracker, the photosensitive tracker is fixed on the side surface of the solar gathering device, so that the main optical axis of the solar gathering device is always parallel to the sunlight, the direction with the strongest illumination is induced, and a signal is transmitted to the solar automatic tracking device, so that the transverse rotator and the longitudinal rotator can drive the solar gathering device to adjust in multiple directions; the photoelectric conversion device can convert surplus solar energy in a time with strong light intensity into electric energy to be stored, the photoelectric conversion device is composed of a plurality of foldable solar silicon crystal plate cells, the silicon crystal plates are annularly arranged, the number of the silicon crystal plates can be set according to the area of a single silicon crystal plate and the scale size of the solar energy gathering device, and the number of the silicon crystal plates receiving illumination can be adjusted according to the sunlight intensity under the condition of ensuring the energy requirement required by the temperature of the cake-shaped reactor; the temperature control heating device can monitor the temperature of the cake reactor in real time, and when the temperature of the cake reactor is lower than the requirement of the coal pyrolysis reaction, the electric energy in the storage battery can be released to heat the cake reactor, so that the temperature of the cake reactor is maintained at 550-600 ℃.
The invention provides a method for coal pyrolysis by using solar energy by adopting the device, which comprises the following steps:
putting raw material coal into a drawer at the bottom of a cake-shaped reactor, and pushing the raw material coal into the cake-shaped reactor; the solar energy gathering device and the irradiation direction of the sunlight are adjusted through the solar energy automatic tracking device, and the irradiation intensity is 500-1000W/m2The area of the solar light-gathering device receiving vertical illumination is 1.0-1.2 m24-12 blocks of Taiwan on the photoelectric conversion deviceThe solar silicon crystal plate battery is opened to receive illumination, 18-30% of light energy is converted into electric energy and stored in the storage battery; the temperature control heating device monitors the temperature of the cake-shaped reactor in real time, the reaction temperature is 450-600 ℃, and the reaction time is 0.5-3 h. (ii) a When the illumination is sufficient, the storage battery does not provide electricity for heating. The bottom drawer is drawn out to obtain a semicoke product, and the semicoke yield is 55-70%; the gas product enters an oil-gas separator for condensation through a pyrolysis gas pipeline; 0.45-0.65 kg of tar is obtained at the bottom of the oil-gas separator, and 0.2-0.4 m of pyrolysis gas is obtained at the top3。
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, 5 kg of raw lignite was placed in the bottom drawer of a pie reactor and pushed into the pie reactor; the solar energy gathering device and the irradiation direction of the sunlight are adjusted by the solar energy automatic tracking device, and the irradiation intensity is 1000W/m 2The area of the solar energy condensing device receiving vertical illumination is 1.2 m2All 12 solar silicon panel cells on the photoelectric conversion device are turned on to receive illumination, 30% of light energy is converted into electric energy, and the electric energy is stored in a storage battery; the temperature control heating device monitors the temperature of the cake-shaped reactor in real time and sets the reaction temperature to be 600 ℃; at the moment, the illumination is sufficient, and the storage battery does not provide electric quantity for heating. After reacting for 1 h, drawing out a bottom drawer to obtain 2.75 kg of semicoke product, wherein the semicoke yield is 55%; the gas product enters an oil-gas separation device for condensation through a pyrolysis gas pipeline; 0.45 kg of tar is obtained at the bottom of the oil-gas separator, and 0.4 m of pyrolysis gas is obtained at the top3The gas was found to contain 37.5% H2、21.8% CO、31.2% CH49.5% impurity gases (sulfur, nitrogen, etc.) (volume fraction).
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1, 5 kg of raw lignite was placed in the bottom drawer of a pie reactor and pushed into the pie reactor; the solar energy gathering device and the irradiation direction of the sunlight are adjusted by the solar energy automatic tracking device, and the irradiation intensity is 900W/m2The area of the solar energy condensing device receiving vertical illumination is 1.0 m2All 12 solar silicon crystal plate cells on the photoelectric conversion device are turned on to receive illumination, and 26% of light energy is converted into electric energy And stored in a storage battery; the temperature control heating device monitors the temperature of the cake-shaped reactor in real time and sets the reaction temperature to be 600 ℃; at the moment, the illumination is sufficient, and the storage battery does not provide electric quantity for heating. After reacting for 1h, drawing out a bottom drawer to obtain 3 kg of semicoke product, wherein the semicoke yield is 60%; the gas product enters an oil-gas separation device for condensation through a pyrolysis gas pipeline; 0.65 kg of tar is obtained at the bottom of the oil-gas separator, and 0.3 m of pyrolysis gas is obtained at the top3The gas was found to contain 35.0% H2、25.7% CO、35.0% CH44.3% impurity gases (sulfur, nitrogen, etc.) (volume fraction).
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1, 5 kg of raw lignite was placed in the bottom drawer of a pie reactor and pushed into the pie reactor; the solar energy gathering device and the irradiation direction of the sunlight are adjusted by the solar energy automatic tracking device, and the irradiation intensity is 850W/m2The area of the solar energy condensing device receiving vertical illumination is 1.2 m2Opening 8 solar silicon panel cells (other 4 cells are folded) on the photoelectric conversion device to receive light, converting 25% of light energy into electric energy and storing the electric energy in a storage battery; the temperature control heating device monitors the temperature of the cake-shaped reactor in real time, the reaction temperature is set to be 450 ℃, and the pressure in the reactor is 4 bar; at the moment, the illumination is sufficient, and the storage battery does not provide electric quantity for heating. After the reaction is carried out for 0.5 h, the drawer at the bottom of the cake-shaped reactor is pulled out to obtain 3.2 kg of semicoke, and the semicoke yield is 64%; the gas product enters an oil-gas separation device for condensation through a pyrolysis gas pipeline; 0.50 kg of tar is obtained at the bottom of the oil-gas separator, and 0.28 m of pyrolysis gas is obtained at the top 3The gas was found to contain 35.4% H2、22.5% CO、32.2% CH49.9% impurity gases (sulfur, nitrogen, etc.) (volume fraction).
Example 4
As shown in fig. 1, 5 kg of raw lignite was placed in the bottom drawer of a pie reactor and pushed into the pie reactor; the solar energy gathering device and the irradiation direction of the sunlight are adjusted by the solar energy automatic tracking device, and the irradiation intensity is 800W/m2The vertical light-receiving surface of the solar light-gathering deviceProduct of 1.2 m2All 12 solar silicon panel cells on the photoelectric conversion device are turned on to receive illumination, 20% of light energy is converted into electric energy and the electric energy is stored in a storage battery; the temperature control heating device monitors the temperature of the cake-shaped reactor in real time, the reaction temperature is set to be 550 ℃, and the pressure of the reactor is 5 bar; at the moment, the illumination is sufficient, and the storage battery does not provide electric quantity for heating. After the reaction is carried out for 0.7h, the drawer at the bottom of the cake-shaped reactor is pulled out to obtain 3.5 kg of semicoke, and the semicoke yield is 70%; the gas product enters an oil-gas separation device for condensation through a pyrolysis gas pipeline; 0.65 kg of tar is obtained at the bottom of the oil-gas separator, and 0.2 m of pyrolysis gas is obtained at the top3The gas was found to contain 27.5% H2、37.5% CO、25.0% CH 410% impurity gases (sulfur, nitrogen, etc.) (volume fraction).
Example 5
As shown in fig. 1, 5 kg of raw lignite was placed in the bottom drawer of a pie reactor and pushed into the pie reactor; the solar energy gathering device and the irradiation direction of the sunlight are adjusted by the solar energy automatic tracking device, and the irradiation intensity is 500W/m2The area of the solar energy condensing device receiving vertical illumination is 1.2 m2Opening 4 solar silicon crystal panel cells (other 8 cells are folded) on the photoelectric conversion device to receive illumination, converting 18% of light energy into electric energy and storing the electric energy in a storage battery; the temperature control heating device monitors the temperature of the cake-shaped reactor in real time, the reaction temperature is set to be 500 ℃, and the pressure of the reactor is 4 bar; at this point, the light was insufficient and 80% of the battery reserve was used to charge the cake reactor. After reacting for 3 hours, the drawer at the bottom of the cake-shaped reactor is pulled out to obtain 2.75 kg of semicoke, and the semicoke yield is 55%; the gas product enters an oil-gas separation device for condensation through a pyrolysis gas pipeline; 0.45 kg of tar is obtained at the bottom of the oil-gas separator, and 0.4 m of pyrolysis gas is obtained at the top3The gas was found to contain 38% H2、13% CO、42% CH4And 7% impurity gases (sulfur, nitrogen, etc.) (volume fraction).
Example 6
As shown in FIG. 1, 5 kg of raw lignite was put into the bottom drawer of the cake-shaped reactor and pushed Putting the mixture into a cake-packed reactor; the solar energy gathering device and the irradiation direction of the sunlight are adjusted by the solar energy automatic tracking device, and the irradiation intensity is 550W/m2The area of the solar energy condensing device receiving vertical illumination is 1.2 m2 Opening 4 solar silicon crystal panel cells (other 8 cells are folded) on the photoelectric conversion device to receive illumination, converting 18% of light energy into electric energy and storing the electric energy in a storage battery; the temperature control heating device monitors the temperature of the cake-shaped reactor in real time, the reaction temperature is set to be 600 ℃, and the pressure of the reactor is 5 bar; at the moment, the illumination is not sufficient, and the electric quantity stored by the storage battery is completely used for the cake-shaped reactor. After reacting for 2 hours, the drawer at the bottom of the cake-shaped reactor is pulled out to obtain 3 kg of semicoke, and the semicoke yield is 60%; the gas product enters an oil-gas separation device for condensation through a pyrolysis gas pipeline; 0.45 kg of tar is obtained at the bottom of the oil-gas separator, and 0.4 m of pyrolysis gas is obtained at the top3The gas was found to contain 31.0% H2、31.0% CO、31.0% CH4And 7% impurity gases (sulfur, nitrogen, etc.) (volume fraction).
TABLE 1 apparatus and process for coal pyrolysis using solar energy key parameters and product distribution
As shown in Table 1, the invention can fully concentrate the solar energy and provide the energy (450 ℃ C.) required by coal pyrolysis, thereby obtaining the semicoke, tar and pyrolysis gas of the coal pyrolysis product, and realizing clean and efficient conversion and utilization of coal by utilizing the renewable energy source solar energy. For example, under the condition of 600 ℃, solar energy provides heat required by coal pyrolysis, which is equivalent to reducing 29.1 g of standard coal for combustion and indirectly reducing 77.5 g of CO 2. The invention avoids fossil energy or electric energy consumption caused by external heat supply in the coal pyrolysis process and indirect pollutant emission, and is one of important ways for clean and efficient utilization of coal resources.
Various other changes and modifications to the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description and the accompanying drawings, and all such changes and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. An apparatus for decomposing coal using solar heat, comprising: the device comprises a solar energy gathering device, a photoelectric conversion device, a solar energy automatic tracking device, a pyrolysis reaction device, a temperature control heater and an oil-gas separator;
the solar energy gathering device consists of a Fresnel lens, an annular stainless steel sheet and a supporting framework; the bottom of the supporting framework is a cylindrical stainless steel base, the top of the supporting framework is an inverted umbrella-shaped structure formed by welding a plurality of common stainless steel bars, annular stainless steel sheets with different diameters are fixed above the supporting framework through welding, and the Fresnel lens is fixed in a circular groove at the center of the annular stainless steel sheet with the smallest inner diameter;
the photoelectric conversion device consists of a foldable solar silicon crystal plate cell and a storage battery; the solar silicon crystal plate cells are fixed right below the solar energy gathering device and are arranged in a ring shape; the solar silicon crystal plate battery converts solar energy into electric energy to be stored in the storage battery;
The solar automatic tracking device consists of a photosensitive tracker, a controller, a transverse rotator and a longitudinal rotator; the photosensitive tracker is fixed on the solar energy gathering device and is vertical to the lens, the transverse rotator and the longitudinal rotator are fixed at the bottom of the supporting frame, the photosensitive tracker transmits an illumination signal to the controller, and the controller controls the transverse rotator and the longitudinal rotator so as to ensure that the photosensitive tracker receives the illumination direction;
the pyrolysis reaction device is fixed in the middle of the supporting framework; a pyrolysis reaction chamber in the pyrolysis reaction device is a stainless steel cake-shaped reactor, a drawer type feeding and discharging mode is adopted, and a pyrolysis gas pipeline is positioned above the cake-shaped reactor; the cake-shaped reactor can effectively reduce the temperature difference between the longitudinal reaction zone and the transverse reaction zone, and ensure the uniform temperature of each reaction zone; heating resistance wires are uniformly wound on the side surface and the bottom of the pie-shaped reactor, and are coated with heat-insulating materials; the bottom of the cake-shaped reactor is provided with a drawer type feed inlet and a drawer type feed outlet, the raw materials are loaded in the drawer at the bottom before the reaction and pushed into the reaction device, and the solid product is separated from the bottom of the reactor after the pyrolysis reaction is finished; the light receiving surface of the pie-shaped reactor is coated by a heat conducting metal material, the middle of the pie-shaped reactor is filled with heat conducting oil, and the heat conducting oil has large specific heat capacity and can play a role in heat transfer and heat preservation; after the light irradiates the heat-conducting metal material, a high-temperature heat source is generated and transmitted to the heat-conducting oil, so that the cake-shaped reactor is uniformly heated, and the coal pyrolysis is realized;
The temperature control heater consists of a temperature sensor and a heating resistance wire; the temperature sensor is used for measuring and monitoring the internal temperature of the pie-shaped reactor; the heating resistance wire is controlled by the temperature sensor and is used for heating the pie-shaped reactor;
the oil-gas separator is of a double-layer structure, the oil-gas separator is divided into two spaces by the inner shell, the inner part of the oil-gas separator is of a tower-shaped structure, condensed water flows through an interlayer between the outer shell and the inner tower from top to bottom and performs countercurrent heat exchange with rising pyrolysis gas entering from the bottom, tar in the pyrolysis gas is condensed, settled and collected, and the pyrolysis gas is discharged from the top of the tower.
2. The apparatus for decomposing coal using solar heat according to claim 1, wherein: the solar energy gathering device controls the light gathering direction of the solar energy gathering device through the solar energy automatic tracking device, ensures that the solar radiation angle is vertical to the solar energy gathering device, and realizes the maximum light gathering.
3. The apparatus for decomposing coal using solar heat according to claim 1, wherein: the solar automatic tracking device tracks sunlight through the induction of the photosensitive tracker, the photosensitive tracker is fixed on the solar gathering device, a main optical axis of the solar gathering device is always parallel to solar rays, the direction with the strongest illumination is induced, and a signal is transmitted to the solar automatic tracking device, so that the transverse rotator and the longitudinal rotator can drive the solar gathering device to adjust in multiple directions.
4. The device for decomposing coal by using solar energy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the photoelectric conversion device is capable of converting the surplus solar energy in the time with strong illumination intensity into electric energy for storage, the photoelectric conversion device is composed of a plurality of foldable solar silicon crystal plate cells, the silicon crystal plates are arranged in a ring shape, the number of the silicon crystal plates is set according to the area of a single silicon crystal plate and the size of the solar energy gathering device, and the number of the silicon crystal plates receiving illumination is adjusted according to the intensity of the sunlight under the condition that the energy requirement of the cake-shaped reactor is ensured.
5. A method for coal pyrolysis by using solar heat, which adopts the device for coal pyrolysis by using solar heat according to any one of claims 1 to 4, and is characterized by comprising the following steps: putting raw material coal into a drawer at the bottom of a cake-shaped reactor, and pushing the raw material coal into the cake-shaped reactor; the solar energy gathering device and the irradiation direction of the sunlight are adjusted through the solar energy automatic tracking device, and the irradiation intensity is 500-1000W/m2The area of the solar light-gathering device receiving vertical illumination is 1.0-1.2 m2Adjusting 4-12 solar silicon crystal plate cells on the photoelectric conversion device to be turned on to receive illumination, converting 18-30% of light energy into electric energy and storing the electric energy in a storage battery; the temperature control heating device monitors the temperature of the cake-shaped reactor in real time, the reaction temperature is 450-600 ℃, and the reaction time is 0.5-3 h; when the illumination is sufficient, the storage battery does not provide electricity for heating; the bottom drawer is drawn out to obtain a semicoke product, and the semicoke yield is 55-70%; the gas product enters an oil-gas separator for condensation through a pyrolysis gas pipeline; tar is obtained at the bottom of the oil-gas separator, and pyrolysis gas is obtained at the top.
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