CN111548828A - Device and method for preparing high-quality fuel gas by solar-driven solid waste segmented gasification - Google Patents
Device and method for preparing high-quality fuel gas by solar-driven solid waste segmented gasification Download PDFInfo
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- CN111548828A CN111548828A CN202010412043.6A CN202010412043A CN111548828A CN 111548828 A CN111548828 A CN 111548828A CN 202010412043 A CN202010412043 A CN 202010412043A CN 111548828 A CN111548828 A CN 111548828A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/54—Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
- C10J3/56—Apparatus; Plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
- C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
- C10J2300/1284—Heating the gasifier by renewable energy, e.g. solar energy, photovoltaic cells, wind
- C10J2300/1292—Heating the gasifier by renewable energy, e.g. solar energy, photovoltaic cells, wind mSolar energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
Abstract
A device and a method for preparing high-quality fuel gas by solar-driven solid waste segmented gasification belong to the technical field of solar energy utilization. The invention comprises a heliostat field, a solar fluidized bed, a solar melting furnace, a water vapor generator, an economizer, an air preheater, a bag-type dust remover, a desulfurizing tower, a gas compressor and a gas storage device. According to the invention, a heliostat field is used for supplying heat by solar energy gathered, high-temperature combustible gas generated by segmented gasification of a solar fluidized bed and a solar melting furnace is sequentially subjected to sensible heat recovery by a water vapor generator, an economizer and an air preheater, and then is subjected to purification treatment by a bag-type dust collector and a desulfurizing tower to form high-quality combustible gas which is compressed and stored or directly utilized. The invention realizes a solar-driven segmented gasification reaction system, can effectively improve the quality of gasified combustible gas while treating solid waste, avoids the generation of secondary pollutants such as dioxin and the like, improves the gasification efficiency of the system, reasonably utilizes excess solar energy, and has the effects of energy conservation and environmental protection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solar energy utilization, and particularly relates to a method and a device for preparing high-quality fuel gas by sectionally gasifying solid wastes driven by concentrated solar energy.
Background
The definition of solid waste (solid waste) is: "solid, semi-solid and gaseous articles, substances placed in containers that lose their original value of use or are discarded or discarded without losing value of use, as well as articles, substances that are incorporated into the management of solid waste as a result of legal and administrative regulations, arising from production, life and other activities. Along with the acceleration of the urbanization process in China, the living standard of residents is continuously improved, the types and the total amount of solid wastes are increased day by day, the problems of difficult control of yield, wide pollution range, difficult treatment and the like occur, and the solid waste treatment becomes one of ten internationally recognized environmental problems.
At present, the main treatment modes of solid wastes include landfill, composting, incineration and the like. The landfill process is simple, but occupies a large amount of land, and secondary pollution of soil and underground water is easily caused by leakage of leachate; the compost occupies small area, the resource utilization rate is high, but the period is longer and the process is difficult to control; the solid waste can be efficiently reduced by incineration, but the generation of carcinogens such as dioxin, furan and the like limits the popularization of the technology. Gasification is used as a novel thermochemical treatment mode, resources can be recycled while solid waste is subjected to reduction and harmless treatment, dioxin pollutants are prevented from being generated in the process, and the generated fuel gas can be used for heat supply and power generation, synthetic fuels or chemicals and the like. However, based on the characteristics of the solid wastes in China, the gasification system at the present stage has low overall efficiency, low calorific value of gasification products and high content of tar and ash in fuel gas. Although scholars at home and abroad propose novel gasification schemes such as plasma gasification, catalytic gasification and the like, the quality of fuel gas can be better improved, the energy consumption or the operation cost of the gasification process is increased, the gas production cost is higher, and the gasification commercial popularization and application are also restricted.
Meanwhile, the solar energy resource in China is rich, and the solar energy resource has the advantages of cleanness, environmental protection, reproducibility, wide distribution and the like. In recent years, solar photo-thermal conversion technology is rapidly developed to provide reliable guarantee for high-efficiency acquisition of solar energy, but a more serious problem of absorption also occurs. On one hand, due to the fact that the coordination of intermittent solar energy and a power grid is complex, on the other hand, the construction scale of solar energy in partial areas is far beyond the on-site consumption capability and is lack of an outward delivery channel, the waste of solar energy resources is serious. Solar thermochemistry is considered to be a very potential energy storage means to convert thermal energy into chemical energy. The solar energy drives the solid waste to be gasified and reacted, the efficiency can be maximized and the energy utilization can be realized through the combination and complementation between two renewable energy sources, and the solar energy can be converted into the chemical energy of the synthesis gas fuel. Solar energy gasification not only can realize the high-efficient chemical energy storage of solar energy, can provide sufficient energy for novel high-energy consumption clean gasification technique moreover to further extend the solar energy and utilize the mode, realize the stable application of solar energy, alleviate current solar energy when acquireing the gas and can accept difficulty, extravagant serious problem, create the energy and utilize new situation.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical purpose is as follows: the invention aims to provide a method and a system for preparing high-quality combustible gas by two-stage gasification of solid waste driven by concentrated solar energy aiming at the defects of the prior art, so that comprehensive complementary utilization of solar energy and solid waste energy is realized, and the high-quality clean combustible gas is prepared by storing the solar energy in a chemical energy form.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a sectional solid waste gasification device driven by concentrated solar energy, which can improve the quality of fuel gas and the gasification efficiency.
The technical scheme is as follows: a device for preparing high-quality fuel gas by solar-driven solid waste staged gasification comprises a solar fluidized bed, a solar melting furnace, a water vapor generator, an economizer, an air preheater, a bag-type dust remover, a desulfurizing tower, a fuel gas compressor and a gas storage device which are sequentially connected in series; heliostat fields are respectively arranged at the upper parts of the solar fluidized bed and the solar melting furnace; the gas outlet of the water vapor generator is respectively connected with the solar fluidized bed and the solar melting furnace; an air inlet of the air preheater is connected with an air compressor, and an air outlet of the air preheater is respectively connected with the solar fluidized bed and the solar melting furnace.
The method for preparing the high-quality fuel gas by the solar-driven solid waste staged gasification comprises the following reaction processes:
a1, sending the pretreated solid waste into a solar fluidized bed, providing heat by a heliostat field, mixing the heat with air preheated by an air preheater and steam generated by a steam generator in a fluidized bed reaction zone to perform primary gasification reaction, and generating crude combustible gas and coke products;
a2, feeding the coarse combustible gas and coke products into a solar melting furnace, and carrying out secondary gasification reaction on the coarse combustible gas, high-temperature water vapor from a water vapor generator and air preheated by an air preheater in a melting furnace body under the high-temperature condition provided by a heliostat field to generate the combustible gas;
a3, sequentially feeding the obtained combustible gas into a water vapor generator, an economizer and an air preheater to recycle sensible heat, then feeding the combustible gas into a bag-type dust remover and a desulfurizing tower to remove dust, particle impurities and sulfur oxides to obtain final combustible gas, and finally compressing and cooling the final combustible gas by a gas compressor and then feeding the final combustible gas into a gas storage device.
The invention provides a solar fluidized bed and a solar melting furnace for gasifying solid wastes, which can realize high-energy-consumption gasification by using solar energy. Solar energy and solid waste gasification are combined, and the heat required by the primary gasification of the solid waste fluidized bed and the secondary gasification of the melting furnace is provided by recycling the surplus solar energy. In the prior gasification system, in order to obtain higher reaction temperature, an external heat supply source is required to be provided or oxygen-enriched gasification and other modes are required, so that the operation cost of the system is increased. Solar energy gasification not only can realize the storage and utilization of solar energy as fuel chemical energy, improve the fuel grade and expand the solar energy application range, but also can greatly reduce the energy consumption cost of the gasification system, so that the gasification system can directly adopt conventional air and steam gasification agents to obtain combustible gas with higher quality, realize the complementary comprehensive utilization of energy, improve the whole energy utilization efficiency of the system, and is more energy-saving and environment-friendly.
The invention utilizes a sectional gasification mode combining medium-low temperature gasification and high-temperature gasification. The solar fluidized bed and the solar melting furnace respectively realize medium-low temperature primary gasification and high-temperature gasification melting, and the temperature interval of each reactor is determined according to the ash melting characteristic of the solid waste. The key point of the operation of the low-temperature gasification stage is that ash slag bonding caused by the overtemperature of the fluidized bed is avoided, and the pulverization and volatilization analysis of solid waste in the fluidized bed are realized; the high-temperature gasification section needs to ensure that ash is completely molten and liquefied, flow separation is realized in the melting furnace, and the problems that the ash content is too high and gas cannot be commercially applied in the fluidized bed gasification process are thoroughly solved. In addition, heavy metal elements contained in the solid waste can exist in the slag in a compound form through high-temperature melting, so that the environmental pollution is reduced. Meanwhile, the gasification process can avoid the generation of dioxin pollutants in the incineration thermochemical process. Because coke, macromolecular tar and the like can be fully converted at high temperature through the action of air and water vapor, the quality of the sectional gasification gas is obviously improved, and the energy conversion rate in the gasification process is improved.
The invention utilizes the steam generator, the economizer and the air preheater to recycle the sensible heat of the fuel gas, further improves the energy utilization efficiency of the system, realizes the cooling of the fuel gas, and preheats the air and the steam required by gasification.
Has the advantages that:
1. aiming at the problems of high energy consumption, high cost and the like in the process of preparing high-quality combustible gas by gasifying the existing solid waste, the invention creatively uses the surplus solar energy to support the efficient gasification gas preparation of the solid waste, introduces the idea of coupling the solar heat collecting unit with the gasification reactor, can relieve the problems of high light rejection rate and the like in the solar energy utilization in China at present, and can greatly reduce the running cost of the gasification process and realize the comprehensive complementary utilization of energy. The solar reactor can meet the energy supply requirement of the high-energy-consumption gasification process and promote the generation of high-quality gasification gas. Solar energy is stored in a fuel chemical energy form, so that multi-channel stable utilization is realized, the application range of the solar energy is expanded, and the energy grade is upgraded.
2. Aiming at the problems of high tar concentration, low gas heat value, limited application range and the like of the conventional gasified combustible gas, the traditional single gasification device is modified into a fluidized bed-melting furnace segmented gasification device, so that the conditions of partial melting and slagging, unstable operation and the like of solid wastes in a gasification stage are avoided, the gas quality can be improved and the gas application range can be expanded according to the gas application requirements, and the application of a segmented gasification system is favorable for prolonging the service life of the gasification device.
3. The invention adopts a sectional gasification mode to combine the advantages of the fluidized bed and the melting furnace reactor, effectively improves the quality of fuel gas and improves the gasification energy conversion efficiency of solid wastes. The low-temperature gasification raw material in the fluidized bed has wide application range and can meet the gasification treatment requirements of various solid wastes. The medium-low temperature gasification process ensures that the fluidized bed can stably run without coking, and the obtained coke-containing crude combustible gas can be easily used for subsequent secondary gasification. The gasification temperature of the melting furnace maintains the melting flow characteristic temperature of the ash content of the solid waste above, so that the full liquefaction and separation of the ash content are realized, and the problems that the ash content of the gasified fuel gas of the fluidized bed is high and the fluidized bed is difficult to be widely applied are solved. Meanwhile, secondary gasification under the action of air and water vapor can promote the efficient conversion of tar and coke to micromolecular gas products, improve the concentration of gas-generating combustible components and obtain clean high-heat-quality combustible gas. In addition, the high-temperature melting can solidify heavy metals in the molten slag and effectively avoid the generation of dioxin.
4. The solar energy is projected to the tops of the solar fluidized bed and the solar melting furnace through the heliostat field, and the tops of the solar fluidized bed and the solar melting furnace are respectively provided with a condensing lens, so that the solar energy is converted into heat required by the device and is transmitted to a gasification or melting reaction area through a heat transfer plate. Because the temperature conditions required by each gasification section are different, the temperature in the reactor and the furnace can be adjusted by adjusting the angle of the heliostat field mirror surface.
5. The invention adopts the heat exchange unit to recycle the sensible heat of the high-temperature combustible gas, realizes the gradient utilization of heat by using the water vapor generator, the economizer and the air preheater and further improves the energy utilization rate of the gasification system.
6. The invention provides a device and a method for preparing high-quality combustible gas by sectionally gasifying solid wastes driven by concentrating solar energy, which couple the solar energy utilization with the gasification process of the solid wastes, introduce the idea of organically combining a solar heat collection unit and a gasification reactor, redesign the sectional gasification of the traditional gasification system, improve the quality of the gasified gas while solving the energy supply problem of the gasification system, obtain the high-quality gasified combustible gas with low tar concentration, high gas heat value and low ash content, and have good application prospect in the field of solar thermochemistry.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the flow structure of the preparation method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a solar fluidized bed apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a solar melting furnace apparatus according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a solar fluidized bed, 1-A, a first solar heat collector, 1-B, a fluidized bed reaction zone, 1-C, an air chamber, 1-A-1, a condenser, 1-A-2 condenser lenses, 1-A-3, a solar absorber, 1-B-1, a first heat transfer plate, 1-B-2, a feeder, 1-B-3, a solar fluidized bed exhaust port, 1-C-1, an air distribution plate, 1-C-2, a solar fluidized bed air inlet, 1-C-3, a solar fluidized bed slag discharge port, 2, a solar melting furnace, 2-A, a second solar heat collector, 2-B, a melting furnace body, 2-C, a slag cooler, 2-B-1 and a second heat transfer plate, 2-B-2, a gas inlet, 2-B-3, a solar melting furnace air inlet, 2-B-4, a solar melting furnace air outlet, 2-B-5, a solar melting furnace slag discharging port, 3, a water vapor generator, 4, an economizer, 5, an air preheater, 6, a bag-type dust remover, 7, a desulfurizing tower, 8, a gas compressor, 9, an air storage device, 10, an air compressor and 11 a heliostat field.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is explained in detail in the following with the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, a device for preparing high-quality fuel gas by solar-driven staged gasification of solid waste comprises a solar fluidized bed 1, a solar melting furnace 2, a water vapor generator 3, an economizer 4, an air preheater 5, a bag-type dust collector 6, a desulfurizing tower 7, a fuel gas compressor 8 and a gas storage device 9 which are connected in series in sequence; heliostat fields 11 are respectively arranged at the upper parts of the solar fluidized bed 1 and the solar melting furnace 2; the gas outlet of the water vapor generator 3 is respectively connected with the solar fluidized bed 1 and the solar melting furnace 2; an air inlet of the air preheater 5 is connected with an air compressor 10, and an air outlet of the air preheater 5 is respectively connected with the solar fluidized bed 1 and the solar melting furnace 2.
As shown in FIG. 2, the solar fluidized bed 1 of the present invention comprises a first solar collector 1-A, a fluidized bed reaction zone 1-B and an air chamber 1-C arranged from top to bottom, wherein a first heat transfer plate 1-B-1 is arranged between the first solar collector 1-A and the fluidized bed reaction zone 1-B, and an air distribution plate 1-C-1 is arranged between the fluidized bed reaction zone 1-B and the air chamber 1-C; the solar heat collector 1-A comprises a condenser 1-A-1, a condensing lens 1-A-2 and a solar absorber 1-A-3 which are arranged from top to bottom; the side wall of the fluidized bed reaction zone is provided with a feeder 1-B-2, and the side wall of the fluidized bed reaction zone 1-B is provided with a solar fluidized bed exhaust port 1-B-3 connected with the solar melting furnace 2; the side wall and the bottom end of the air chamber 1-C are respectively provided with a solar fluidized bed air inlet 1-C-2 and a solar fluidized bed slag discharge port 1-C-3.
As shown in FIG. 3, the solar melting furnace 2 of the invention comprises a second solar heat collector 2-A, a melting furnace body 2-B and a slag cooler 2-C which are arranged from top to bottom, wherein a second heat transfer plate 2-B-1 is arranged between the second solar heat collector 2-A and the melting furnace body 2-B; the side wall of the melting furnace body 2-B is respectively provided with a fuel inlet 2-B-2, a solar melting furnace air inlet 2-B-3 and a solar melting furnace exhaust port 2-B-4, the solar melting furnace exhaust port 2-B-4 is connected with a steam generator 3, and the lower part of the solar melting furnace body 2-B is provided with a solar melting furnace slag-discharging port 2-B-5 connected with a slag cooler 2-C.
The first solar thermal collector 1-A and the second solar thermal collector 2-A comprise a condenser, a condensing lens and a solar absorber, wherein the condenser is used for receiving concentrated solar light beams entering through radiation, increasing radiation flux of incident solar flux and then passing through the condensing lens, the condensing lens transmits the solar radiation flux to the solar absorber, and a heat exchange material is arranged in the solar absorber and is used for absorbing solar energy from the heliostat field 11.
The heat transfer plates positioned in the solar fluidized bed and the solar melting furnace are made of SiC materials and used as solar heat transfer equipment to respectively isolate the fluidized bed reaction zone and the melting furnace body part from the solar absorber on the upper part of the fluidized bed reaction zone and the melting furnace body part, thereby protecting the solar heat collector from the deposition of particles or condensable gas.
In order to provide the steam required by gasification and fully recycle the sensible heat of the high-temperature combustible gas, the economizer 4 is provided with a water inlet, and the water inlet passes through the economizer 4 and the steam generator 3 in sequence through a water inlet pipeline and then is connected with the air inlet 1-C-2 of the solar fluidized bed and the air inlet 2-B-3 of the solar melting furnace. In order to improve the cleanliness of the combustible gas, the system of the invention adopts a bag-type dust remover and a desulfurizing tower to further purify the combustible gas after heat exchange, and the obtained high-quality combustible gas is compressed by a gas compressor and then is sent to a gas storage device.
The heliostat field 11 of the invention is preferably designed as a tower-type condenser field, the illumination radiation intensity of the converged light can be adjusted according to the temperature required by the reaction, and the stable illumination radiation intensity in the gasification process can be ensured by adjusting the angle of the plane mirror.
The water vapor generator 3 of the invention is of a convection superheater type to fully recycle the sensible heat of high-temperature combustible gas.
The invention relates to a method for preparing high-quality fuel gas by solar-driven solid waste staged gasification, which comprises the following steps:
a1, sending the pretreated solid waste into a solar fluidized bed, adjusting the angle between a heliostat field plane mirror and a light condensing device, mixing the solid waste with preheated air and water vapor under the condition that the temperature in the fluidized bed reaches 400-1000 ℃, carrying out primary gasification reaction to generate coarse combustible gas, coke and the like, and conveying the generated coarse combustible gas, coke and the like to a solar melting furnace through an exhaust port, and discharging bottom slag generated by the reaction from a bottom slag discharge port;
a2, after the coarse combustible gas and coke particles enter a solar melting furnace, the coarse combustible gas and the coke particles are subjected to secondary gasification reaction with preheated air and water vapor through a preset heliostat field and a preset light gathering device under the high temperature condition of 1800 ℃ in the furnace, the tar and the coke particles in the coarse combustible gas are fully converted into small molecule gas, the ash is melted at high temperature and separated from the combustible gas, and finally H is generated2CO and CH4Discharging high-temperature fine combustible gas from an exhaust port, and allowing liquid slag to flow into a bottom slag cooler through a slag discharge port for cooling;
a3, enabling the obtained high-temperature combustible gas to sequentially flow through a steam generator, an economizer and an air preheater to recycle sensible heat, and then removing dust, particle impurities and sulfur oxides through a bag-type dust remover and a desulfurizing tower to obtain the final clean high-grade combustible gas; finally, the gas is compressed and cooled by a gas compressor and then is loaded into a gas storage device.
The solid waste raw material can be subjected to primary crushing and drying treatment before entering the solar fluidized bed, the water content of the solid waste raw material is not higher than 50%, and the particle diameter can be automatically adjusted according to the scale of the reactor.
The temperature of the air preheated by the air preheater 5 is more than or equal to 200 ℃.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the heliostat field 11 collects solar light beams and guides the light beams to the first solar collector 1-a on the top of the solar fluidized bed 1, the solar radiation is received and enhanced by the condenser 1-a-1, the solar radiation is transmitted to the solar absorber 1-a-3 through the condenser lens 1-a-2 to be converged in heat, and the heat is transmitted to the fluidized bed reaction zone 1-B through the first heat transfer plate 1-B-1 to provide heat required by the gasification of the fluidized bed. The heliostat field 11 simultaneously collects solar light beams and guides the solar light beams to the solar melting furnace 2, and the working process of the second solar heat collector 2-A at the top of the heliostat field is the same as that of the first solar heat collector 1-A at the top of the solar fluidized bed 1. The heliostat field 11 obtains the reaction heat required by the fluidized bed and the melting furnace by adjusting the angle of the plane mirror. The solid waste is sent into a fluidized bed reaction zone 1-B by a feeder 1-B-2 after being pretreated, and the air at the outlet of an air compressor 10 passes through an air preheater 5Preheating, wherein feed water exchanges heat with high-temperature combustible gas through an economizer 4 and a water vapor generator 3 to generate water vapor, the preheated air and the water vapor are sent to an air inlet 1-C-2 of a solar fluidized bed, are introduced into a fluidized bed reaction zone 1-B after passing through an air chamber 1-C and an air distribution plate 1-C-1, are mixed with solid waste raw materials to generate gasification reaction, the generated coarse combustible gas is sent into a solar melting furnace 2 through an air outlet 1-B-3 of the solar fluidized bed, and bottom slag is discharged out of the fluidized bed through a slag discharge port 1-C-3 of the solar fluidized bed. Preheated air and water vapor are delivered to a melting furnace body 2-B through an air inlet 2-B-3 of the solar melting furnace and mixed with crude combustible gas to generate high-temperature secondary gasification to generate H2CO and CH4And the high-temperature fine combustible gas is discharged from an exhaust port 2-B-4 of the bottom solar melting furnace, and the high-temperature liquid slag flows into a slag cooler 2-C for cooling through the solar melting furnace 2-B-5. The high-temperature combustible gas sequentially enters a steam generator 3, an economizer 4 and an air preheater 5, then sensible heat is recycled, and then the high-temperature combustible gas enters a bag-type dust remover 6 and a desulfurizing tower 7 to remove dust, particle impurities and sulfur oxides, so that the final clean high-grade combustible gas is obtained; finally, the gas is compressed and cooled by a gas compressor 8 and then is loaded into a gas storage device 9.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A device for preparing high-quality fuel gas by solar-driven solid waste staged gasification is characterized by comprising a solar fluidized bed (1), a solar melting furnace (2), a water vapor generator (3), an economizer (4), an air preheater (5), a bag-type dust collector (6), a desulfurizing tower (7), a fuel gas compressor (8) and a gas storage device (9) which are sequentially connected in series; heliostat fields (11) are respectively arranged at the upper parts of the solar fluidized bed (1) and the solar melting furnace (2); the gas outlet of the water vapor generator (3) is respectively connected with the solar fluidized bed (1) and the solar melting furnace (2); an air inlet of the air preheater (5) is connected with an air compressor (10), and an air outlet of the air preheater (5) is respectively connected with the solar fluidized bed (1) and the solar melting furnace (2).
2. The device for preparing high-quality fuel gas by stage gasification of solid waste driven by solar energy according to claim 1, wherein the solar fluidized bed (1) comprises a first solar heat collector (1-A), a fluidized bed reaction zone (1-B) and an air chamber (1-C) which are arranged from top to bottom, a first heat transfer plate (1-B-1) is arranged between the first solar heat collector (1-A) and the fluidized bed reaction zone (1-B), and an air distribution plate (1-C-1) is arranged between the fluidized bed reaction zone (1-B) and the air chamber (1-C); the solar heat collector (1-A) comprises a condenser (1-A-1), a condensing lens (1-A-2) and a solar absorber (1-A-3) which are arranged from top to bottom; the side wall of the fluidized bed reaction zone is provided with a feeder (1-B-2), and the side wall of the fluidized bed reaction zone (1-B) is provided with a solar fluidized bed exhaust port (1-B-3) connected with the solar melting furnace (2); the side wall and the bottom end of the air chamber (1-C) are respectively provided with a solar fluidized bed air inlet (1-C-2) and a solar fluidized bed slag discharge port (1-C-3).
3. The device for preparing high-quality fuel gas by stage gasification of solid waste driven by solar energy according to claim 1 is characterized in that the solar melting furnace (2) comprises a second solar heat collector (2-A), a melting furnace body (2-B) and a slag cooler (2-C) which are arranged from top to bottom, and a second heat transfer plate (2-B-1) is arranged between the second solar heat collector (2-A) and the melting furnace body (2-B); the side wall of the melting furnace body (2-B) is respectively provided with a fuel inlet (2-B-2), a solar melting furnace air inlet (2-B-3) and a solar melting furnace exhaust port (2-B-4), the solar melting furnace exhaust port (2-B-4) is connected with a water vapor generator (3), and the lower part of the solar melting furnace body (2-B) is provided with a solar melting furnace slag discharging port (2-B-5) connected with a slag cooler (2-C).
4. The device for preparing high-quality fuel gas by the segmented gasification of solid wastes driven by solar energy according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the heliostat field (11) is a tower-type condenser field.
5. The method for preparing high-quality fuel gas by solar-driven solid waste staged gasification based on claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following reaction processes:
a1, sending the pretreated solid waste into a solar fluidized bed (1), providing heat by a heliostat field (11), mixing the heat with air preheated by an air preheater (5) and steam generated by a steam generator (3) in a fluidized bed reaction zone (1-B) to generate a primary gasification reaction, and generating crude combustible gas and coke products;
a2, feeding the crude combustible gas and coke products into a solar melting furnace (2), and carrying out secondary gasification reaction on the crude combustible gas, high-temperature water vapor from a water vapor generator (3) and air preheated by an air preheater (5) in a melting furnace body (2-B) under the high-temperature condition provided by a heliostat field (11) to generate the combustible gas;
a3, sequentially feeding the obtained combustible gas into a water vapor generator (3), a coal economizer (4) and an air preheater (5) to recycle sensible heat, then feeding the combustible gas into a bag-type dust remover (6) and a desulfurizing tower (7) to remove dust, particle impurities and sulfur oxides to obtain final combustible gas, and finally compressing and cooling the final combustible gas by a gas compressor (8) and then loading the final combustible gas into a gas storage device (9).
6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the feed water is heated by the economizer (4) and then fed to the steam generator (3), and the steam is then fed to the inlet (1-C-2) of the solar fluidized bed and the inlet (2-B-3) of the solar melting furnace; air generated by an air compressor (10) is introduced into an air preheater (5) to absorb the sensible heat of the combustible gas and then is sent to an air inlet (1-C-2) of the solar fluidized bed and an air inlet (2-B-3) of the solar melting furnace; the sunlight is collected by the heliostat field (11) and then reflected into the solar fluidized bed (1) and the solar melting furnace (2) to provide reaction heat.
7. The production method according to claim 5, wherein the reaction temperature of the fluidized-bed reaction zone (1-B) in the solar fluidized bed (1) is 400-1000 ℃.
8. The production method according to claim 5, wherein the reaction temperature of the melting furnace body (2-B) in the solar melting furnace (2) is 1000-1800 ℃.
9. The method according to claim 5, wherein the air preheated by said air preheater (5) has a temperature of 200 ℃ or higher.
10. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that said solid waste material is subjected to a preliminary crushing and drying treatment before it is introduced into the solar fluidized bed (1), the water content of the solid waste material being lower than 50%.
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Application publication date: 20200818 |