CN113619222B - 一种主动防护柔性复合结构及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种主动防护柔性复合结构及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113619222B
CN113619222B CN202110740191.5A CN202110740191A CN113619222B CN 113619222 B CN113619222 B CN 113619222B CN 202110740191 A CN202110740191 A CN 202110740191A CN 113619222 B CN113619222 B CN 113619222B
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flexible fabric
magnetic fluid
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fabric
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CN113619222A (zh
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兰旭柯
马宇
黄广炎
王涛
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
Chongqing Innovation Center of Beijing University of Technology
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Chongqing Innovation Center of Beijing University of Technology
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Abstract

本发明提供一种主动防护柔性复合结构及其制备方法，该方案通过采用压电陶瓷片与电磁线圈层设计，当压电陶瓷片受到冲击时释放瞬时电流，线圈中形成强磁场。在强磁作用下让磁流体改性柔性织物复合层主动硬化，具有更高的抗冲击强度。即结构在保证柔性的情况下，实现了以主动硬化方式提高抗冲击能量的主动防护效果。

Description

一种主动防护柔性复合结构及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及复合结构技术领域，尤其涉及一种主动防护柔性复合结构及其 制备方法。
背景技术
随着对机动性、舒适性的需求增加，防护材料的发展经历了从硬质材料(金 属、陶瓷)，到半硬质材料(金属、陶瓷与纤维复合)，再到新兴的柔性材料 (纤维复合结构)。除纤维材料外，剪切增稠材料以及磁流变材料也被应用到 防护装备领域。剪切增稠液体属于非牛顿可逆流体，处于平衡状态时，呈现为 分散胶体形式，但处于高速剪切力作用下，黏度迅速增大，呈现为固体形式。 利用剪切增稠液体的这种特性，将其与纤维材料进行复合，是抗弹柔性材料研 究的前沿方向。但以上防护结构的防护机理均是基于材料被动变形的被动防护， 即结构的响应是由弹体冲击作用下应力应变在材料中的传播所主导。
在剪切增稠凝胶中加入磁性颗粒引入凝胶中，其复合材料表现出良好的磁 敏特性，在外部磁场下，其可以被诱导成各种形状。更重要的是，当同时受到 剪切频率和磁场刺激时，由于基体的剪切增稠效应和颗粒的磁致微观结构演化， 剪切增稠胶基的机械性能会大大提高。通过磁场刺激磁流变材料是实现主动防 护的可行途径，即在材料受到冲击前通过磁场刺激使材料主动硬化抗冲击，但 将磁流变胶应用到防护领域需要提供外部磁场激励装置，这是限制其在柔性抗 冲击复合结构中应用的难点。
发明内容
基于此，有必要针对上述技术问题，提供一种主动防护柔性复合结构及其 制备方法。
一种主动防护柔性复合结构，包括磁流体改性柔性织物复合层和电磁模块， 其中，所述电磁模块设置在所述磁流体改性柔性织物复合层的表面，所述电磁 模块包括正面铜箔、绝缘包覆层、压电陶瓷片、背面铜箔和电磁线圈；所述压 电陶瓷片设置在所述电磁模块内，被所述正面铜箔、绝缘包覆层和背面铜箔包 裹，所述电磁线圈设置在所述背面铜箔的外表面。
在其中一个实施例中，所述电磁模块采用六边形蜂窝排列。
在其中一个实施例中，所述电磁模块粘接在所述磁流体改性柔性织物复合 层的表面。
一种主动防护柔性复合结构的制备方法，包括：S1：将硼酸及羟基硅油按 50mg/ml的比例混合，设置温度180℃-240℃，搅拌超过2h，进行聚合反应，待 聚合物产生明显的丝绸样光泽后，得到聚合物基体；S2：待聚合物基体冷却至 室温后，聚合物基体内部加入1wt.％质量分数的二甲基硅油及油酸进行增塑，静 止2h以上；S3：取出增塑后的聚合物基体，放入开炼机揉炼30min，得到具有 剪切变硬特性的低交联度聚合物橡胶；S4：在聚合物橡胶中加入4wt.％质量分数 的过氧化苯甲酰，用开炼机进行充分混合，再将混合物置于95℃的高温环境下 进行硫化反应2h，冷却到室温后得到剪切变硬胶；S5：将钕铁硼颗粒或羰基铁 粉颗粒混合揉炼进剪切变硬胶中，制备具有预磁化性能的磁流体；S6：使用丙 酮或异丙醇对磁流体剪切变硬胶进行溶解稀释，获得磁流体稀释液；S7：将柔 性织物完全浸入磁流体稀释液中，并应用超声波清洗机进行超水浴震荡20min 以上，增加钕铁硼或羰基铁粉颗粒在织物表面的离散度，直至织物试件被磁流 体完全浸渍；S8：将柔性织物试件从磁流体稀释液中取出，用开炼机碾压织物 试件排除多余液体，并重复上述织物试件被磁流体完全浸渍过程至少三次，令 磁流体充分附着在柔性织物表面；S9：浸渍过程完成后，将柔性织物置于80℃ 的烘箱中进行烘干，待丙酮或异丙醇完全挥发后，得到磁流体改性柔性织物复合层；S10：将电磁模块按蜂窝状粘接排列分布于磁流体改性柔性织物复合层 表面，得到主动防护柔性复合结构。
在其中一个实施例中，所述S9：浸渍过程完成后，将柔性织物置于80℃的 烘箱中进行烘干，待丙酮或异丙醇完全挥发后，得到磁流体改性柔性织物复合 层，具体为：浸渍过程完成后，将柔性织物置于80℃的烘箱中进行烘干；每间 隔10min将柔性织物取出进行称重并记录；待连续三次称重不发生明显变化时， 认定丙酮或异丙醇完全挥发，得到磁流体改性柔性织物复合层。
在其中一个实施例中，所述相邻的两个电磁模块之间设置间隙为 3mm-5mm。
上述一种主动防护柔性复合结构及其制备方法，通过电磁模块采用六边形 蜂窝排列，并保留间隙可确保磁流体改性柔性织物复合层中柔性织物的柔性变 形不受影响。采用压电陶瓷片与电磁线圈层设计，当压电陶瓷片受到冲击时释 放瞬时电流，线圈中形成强磁场。在强磁作用下让磁流体改性柔性织物复合层 主动硬化，具有更高的抗冲击强度。即结构在保证柔性的情况下，实现了以主 动硬化方式提高抗冲击能量的主动防护效果。
附图说明
图1为一个实施例中一种主动防护柔性复合结构的结构示意图；
图2为一个实施例中单个电磁模块的结构示意图；
图3为图2中沿A-A’方向的剖面示意图；
图4为一个实施例中电磁线圈的结构示意图；
图5为一个实施例中去掉绝缘包覆层的电磁模块的结构示意图。
附图中，磁流体改性柔性织物复合层1、电磁模块2、正面铜箔21、绝缘包 覆层22、压电陶瓷片23、背面铜箔24、电磁线圈25。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，下面通过具体实施 方式结合附图对本发明做进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施 例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
在一个实施例中，如图1-5所示，提供了一种主动防护柔性复合结构，包括 磁流体改性柔性织物复合层1和电磁模块2，其中，电磁模块2设置在磁流体改 性柔性织物复合层1的表面，电磁模块2包括正面铜箔21、绝缘包覆层22、压 电陶瓷片23、背面铜箔24和电磁线圈25；压电陶瓷片23设置在电磁模块2内， 被正面铜箔21、绝缘包覆层22和背面铜箔24包裹，电磁线圈25设置在背面铜 箔24的外表面。
具体地，本方案提供的一种主动防护柔性复合结构的表面由正六边形压电 陶瓷片蜂窝型阵列而成(即电磁模块2)，蜂窝边长约为15～20mm，厚度约为 1～3mm，陶瓷设计一定间隙以实现纤维与剪切增稠胶材料的柔性变形。压电陶 瓷片23采用PZT-5压电陶瓷材料，密度约为7.5g/cm3，压电陶瓷片23包覆有 绝缘胶层(即绝缘包覆层22)，防止压电效应过程中电荷沿其他回路流失。
电磁线圈25为与蜂窝压电陶瓷相同外形尺寸的螺旋状铜线，电磁线圈25 两端分别通过铜箔(正面铜箔21和背面铜箔24)与压电陶瓷片23正负极连接。 电磁线圈25、正面铜箔21、背面铜箔24、压电陶瓷片23采用胶接方式固定。
在一个实施例中，提供了一种主动防护柔性复合结构的制备方法，包括：
S1：将硼酸及羟基硅油按50mg/ml的比例混合，设置温度180℃-240℃，搅 拌超过2h，进行聚合反应，待聚合物产生明显的丝绸样光泽后，得到聚合物基 体；
S2：待聚合物基体冷却至室温后，聚合物基体内部加入1wt.％质量分数的二 甲基硅油及油酸进行增塑，静止2h以上；
S3：取出增塑后的聚合物基体，放入开炼机揉炼30min，得到具有剪切变硬 特性的低交联度聚合物橡胶；
S4：在聚合物橡胶中加入4wt.％质量分数的过氧化苯甲酰，用开炼机进行充 分混合，再将混合物置于95℃的高温环境下进行硫化反应2h，冷却到室温后得 到剪切变硬胶；
S5：将钕铁硼颗粒或羰基铁粉颗粒混合揉炼进剪切变硬胶中，制备具有预 磁化性能的磁流体；
S6：使用丙酮或异丙醇对磁流体剪切变硬胶进行溶解稀释，获得磁流体稀 释液；
S7：将柔性织物完全浸入磁流体稀释液中，并应用超声波清洗机进行超水 浴震荡20min以上，增加钕铁硼或羰基铁粉颗粒在织物表面的离散度，直至织 物试件被磁流体完全浸渍；
S8：将柔性织物试件从磁流体稀释液中取出，用开炼机碾压织物试件排除 多余液体，并重复上述织物试件被磁流体完全浸渍过程至少三次，令磁流体充 分附着在柔性织物表面；
S9：浸渍过程完成后，将柔性织物置于80℃的烘箱中进行烘干，待丙酮或 异丙醇完全挥发后，得到磁流体改性柔性织物复合层；
S10：将电磁模块按蜂窝状粘接排列分布于磁流体改性柔性织物复合层表 面，得到主动防护柔性复合结构。
在其中一个实施例中，步骤S9：浸渍过程完成后，将柔性织物置于80℃的 烘箱中进行烘干，待丙酮或异丙醇完全挥发后，得到磁流体改性柔性织物复合 层，具体为：浸渍过程完成后，将柔性织物置于80℃的烘箱中进行烘干；每间 隔10min将柔性织物取出进行称重并记录；待连续三次称重不发生明显变化时， 认定丙酮或异丙醇完全挥发，得到磁流体改性柔性织物复合层。
具体地，磁流体制备材料与工艺如下：
材料：羟基硅油、硼酸、过氧化苯甲酰、二甲基硅油、钕铁硼、羰基铁粉
1)按照50mg/ml的比例将硼酸及羟基硅油进行混合，并在180℃-240℃的高 温环境下进行持续磁力搅拌约2h(至少2h)，进行聚合反应，待聚合物产生明 显的丝绸样光泽后，聚合物基体制备完成。
2)等待聚合物基体完全冷却到室温，按照约1wt.％的质量分数向聚合物基体 内部加入二甲基硅油及油酸进行增塑，静止两小时以上，取出聚合物基体在开 炼机揉炼30min使聚合物基体混合均匀，性能保持稳定，得到具有剪切变硬特 性的低交联度聚合物橡胶。
3)按照4wt.％的质量分数向聚合物橡胶中加入过氧化苯甲酰，并再一次应用 开炼机进行充分混合，将混合物置于95℃的高温环境下进行硫化反应2小时， 冷却到室温后得到剪切变硬胶。
4)配置不同质量分数的磁流体，通过开炼机可以按照20、40、60、80wt.％ 的质量分数将钕铁硼颗粒或羰基铁粉颗粒混合揉炼进入剪切变硬胶中，制备具 有预磁化性能的磁流体，其中，质量分数越大，则其磁化性能越强。不仅使剪 切变硬胶的剪切变形性能进行了增强，并且在较高磁通量环境下，其剪切储能 模量会有进一步的增强。
磁流体浸渍柔性织物制备材料与工艺如下：
材料：丙酮或异丙醇，芳纶或超高分子量聚乙烯柔性织物
采用“浸渍-干燥”方法对柔性织物进行磁流体复合改性，具体过程如下：
1)首先，使用丙酮或异丙醇对磁流体剪切变硬胶进行溶解稀释，获得磁流体 稀释液，对磁流体溶解浓度的控制可以改变柔性织物最终的浸渍饱和度。
2)将柔性织物完全浸入磁流体稀释液中，并应用超声波清洗机进行超水浴震 荡20min以上，增加钕铁硼或羰基铁粉颗粒在织物表面的离散度，直至织物试 件被磁流体完全浸渍。
3)将柔性织物试件从磁流体稀释液中取出，应用开炼机碾压织物试件排除多 余液体，并重复步骤2)的浸渍过程超过三次，令磁流体充分附着在柔性织物表 面。
4)浸渍过程完成后，将柔性织物置于80℃的烘箱中进行烘干，由于丙酮及 异丙醇的易挥发性，会在烘干过程中逐渐挥发，而磁流体不具有明显挥发性最 终会遗留在柔性织物表面，烘干过程中，每过10min将柔性织物取出进行称重 并记录，待连续三次称重不发生明显变化后认为丙酮或异丙醇完全挥发，得到 磁流体改性柔性织物复合材料。
由压电陶瓷片、电磁线圈、正面铜箔、背面铜箔、绝缘包覆层组成的电磁 模块按蜂窝状粘接排列分布于磁流体改性柔性织物复合材料表面，相邻模块间 设置间隙为3mm-5mm，以预留结构柔性变形空间。
上述实施例中，通过电磁模块采用六边形蜂窝排列，并保留间隙可确保磁 流体改性柔性织物复合层中柔性织物的柔性变形不受影响。采用压电陶瓷片与 电磁线圈层设计，当压电陶瓷片受到冲击时释放瞬时电流，线圈中形成强磁场。 在强磁作用下让磁流体改性柔性织物复合层主动硬化，具有更高的抗冲击强度。 即结构在保证柔性的情况下，实现了以主动硬化方式提高抗冲击能量的主动防 护效果。
显然，本领域的技术人员应该明白，上述本发明的各模块或各步骤可以用 通用的计算装置来实现，它们可以集中在单个的计算装置上，或者分布在多个 计算装置所组成的网络上，可选地，它们可以用计算装置可执行的程序代码来 实现，从而，可以将它们存储在计算机存储介质(ROM/RAM、磁碟、光盘)中 由计算装置来执行，并且在某些情况下，可以以不同于此处的顺序执行所示出 或描述的步骤，或者将它们分别制作成各个集成电路模块，或者将它们中的多 个模块或步骤制作成单个集成电路模块来实现。所以，本发明不限制于任何特 定的硬件和软件结合。
以上内容是结合具体的实施方式对本发明所做的进一步详细说明，不能认 定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术 人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干简单推演或替换， 都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种主动防护柔性复合结构，其特征在于，包括磁流体改性柔性织物复合层和电磁模块，其中，所述电磁模块设置在所述磁流体改性柔性织物复合层的表面，所述电磁模块包括正面铜箔、绝缘包覆层、压电陶瓷片、背面铜箔和电磁线圈；所述压电陶瓷片设置在所述电磁模块内，被所述正面铜箔、绝缘包覆层和背面铜箔包裹，所述电磁线圈设置在所述背面铜箔的外表面；所述电磁模块采用六边形蜂窝排列，相邻的两个电磁模块之间设置间隙。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种主动防护柔性复合结构，其特征在于，所述电磁模块粘接在所述磁流体改性柔性织物复合层的表面。
3.一种主动防护柔性复合结构的制备方法，其特征在于，基于权利要求1至2中任一项的主动防护柔性复合结构来实现，所述制备方法包括：
S1：将硼酸及羟基硅油按50mg/ml的比例混合，设置温度180℃-240℃，搅拌超过2h，进行聚合反应，待聚合物产生明显的丝绸样光泽后，得到聚合物基体；
S2：待聚合物基体冷却至室温后，聚合物基体内部加入1wt.％质量分数的二甲基硅油及油酸进行增塑，静止2h以上；
S3：取出增塑后的聚合物基体，放入开炼机揉炼30min，得到具有剪切变硬特性的低交联度聚合物橡胶；
S4：在聚合物橡胶中加入4wt.％质量分数的过氧化苯甲酰，用开炼机进行充分混合，再将混合物置于95℃的高温环境下进行硫化反应2h，冷却到室温后得到剪切变硬胶；
S5：将钕铁硼颗粒或羰基铁粉颗粒混合揉炼进剪切变硬胶中，制备具有预磁化性能的磁流体；
S6：使用丙酮或异丙醇对磁流体剪切变硬胶进行溶解稀释，获得磁流体稀释液；
S7：将柔性织物完全浸入磁流体稀释液中，并应用超声波清洗机进行超水浴震荡20min以上，增加钕铁硼或羰基铁粉颗粒在织物表面的离散度，直至织物试件被磁流体完全浸渍；
S8：将柔性织物试件从磁流体稀释液中取出，用开炼机碾压织物试件排除多余液体，并重复上述织物试件被磁流体完全浸渍过程至少三次，令磁流体充分附着在柔性织物表面；
S9：浸渍过程完成后，将柔性织物置于80℃的烘箱中进行烘干，待丙酮或异丙醇完全挥发后，得到磁流体改性柔性织物复合层；
S10：将电磁模块按蜂窝状粘接排列分布于磁流体改性柔性织物复合层表面，得到主动防护柔性复合结构。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述S9：浸渍过程完成后，将柔性织物置于80℃的烘箱中进行烘干，待丙酮或异丙醇完全挥发后，得到磁流体改性柔性织物复合层，具体为：
浸渍过程完成后，将柔性织物置于80℃的烘箱中进行烘干；
每间隔10min将柔性织物取出进行称重并记录；
待连续三次称重不发生明显变化时，认定丙酮或异丙醇完全挥发，得到磁流体改性柔性织物复合层。
5.如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述相邻的两个电磁模块之间设置间隙为3mm-5mm。
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