CN113616842A - 一种用于外伤急救止血材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于外伤急救止血材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于外伤急救止血材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将明胶在40‑60℃温度下将其溶解于去离子水,配制成明胶溶液;在明胶溶液中加入三维多孔双交联聚苯胺/石墨烯复合干凝胶,磁力搅拌使干凝胶分散均匀,添加中药成分混合液,然后倒入模具中,常温下静置并排出气泡,然后放入零下40℃‑零下25℃的低温下预冻,然后在真空冷冻干燥机中冷冻干燥,得到混合干凝胶,将混合干凝胶从模具中取出,并在上下两面分别覆盖一层医用纱布,紧密贴合后,即为用于外伤急救止血材料。该材料可以对各种出血情况及时止血,一般止血所需时间低于5分钟。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及止血的外用药物技术领域,尤其涉及一种用于外伤急救止血材料的制备方法。
背景技术
大出血是指由动脉破裂或内脏损伤等引起的大量出血的现象。大出血在自然灾害、交通事故、突发事件中是常遇到的问题。
机体正常的止血,主要依赖于完整的血管壁结构和功能,有效的血小板质量和数量,正常的凝血因子活性,其中带负电荷的血小板和凝血因子的作用是主要的。止血海绵是利用其细密、多孔、带正电荷的止血材料,当其与人体血液接触时,可立即对血小板进行黏附、聚集,从而使血液形成血栓,堵塞创口,并释放与凝血有关的各种因子,在内源性及外源性凝血途径共同作用下,使血液形成稳定的纤维蛋白多聚体,从而形成血凝块,达到伤口止血的目的。
但是在现实情况下,大动脉、大静脉破裂所引起的大出血的止血非常难,而现有的止血材料的止血效果均有待提高,故有必要研究一种用于外伤急救止血材料。
发明内容
基于背景技术存在的技术问题,本发明提出了一种用于外伤急救止血材料的制备方法。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种用于外伤急救止血材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将明胶在40-60℃温度下将其溶解于去离子水,配制成质量浓度为15-25%的明胶溶液;
(2)在明胶溶液中加入三维多孔双交联聚苯胺/石墨烯复合干凝胶,300-400rpm磁力搅拌20-30min,使干凝胶分散均匀,得到混合溶液;
(3)在混合溶液中添加中药成分混合液,然后倒入模具中,液层厚度5-8mm,常温下静置45-60min并排出气泡,然后放入零下40℃-零下25℃的低温下预冻1-1.5h,然后在真空冷冻干燥机中冷冻干燥,得到混合干凝胶;
(4)将混合干凝胶从模具中取出,并在上下两面分别覆盖一层医用纱布,紧密贴合后,即为用于外伤急救止血材料。
所述的三维多孔双交联聚苯胺/石墨烯复合干凝胶的制备方法参考中国发明专利CN110183718A的实施例1。
优选的,所述的步骤(2)中,三维多孔双交联聚苯胺/石墨烯复合干凝胶的添加量为明胶溶液质量的0.1-0.3%。
优选的,所述的步骤(3)中,所述的中药成分混合液的添加量为明胶溶液质量的1.8-3.5%。
进一步优选的,所述的中药成分混合液,由以下重量百分比的成分组成:凡士林2-5%、十二烷基硫酸钠1-3%、半合成脂肪酸甘油酯3-6%、冰片0.1-0.3%、甘油1.8-2.5%、珍珠粉0.5-0.8%、蒸馏水8-12%和中药提取液余量。
优选的,所述的中药提取液,由以下中药加水提取而成:黄柏、大黄、虎杖、防风、槐花、当归、甘草、百合、人工麝香、手参和降香。
优选的,所述的中药提取液中,各中药成分的重量份比例如下:黄柏5-20份、大黄5-20份、虎杖2-10份、防风3-15份、槐花3-15份、当归8-25份、甘草15-25份、百合2-10份、人工麝香2-10份、手参5-20份和降香3-15份。
进一步优选的,所述的中药提取液中,各中药成分的重量份比例如下:黄柏8-15份、大黄8-15份、虎杖5-8份、防风6-12份、槐花6-12份、当归10-18份、甘草15-25份、百合5-8份、人工麝香5-8份、手参10-18份和降香6-12份。
优选的,所述的中药成分混合液的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A、将黄柏、大黄、虎杖、防风、槐花、当归、甘草、百合、手参和降香加水浸泡并回流提取两次,收集两次水提液,合并过滤;滤液浓缩至相对比重1.05-1.10,得到中药膏;
B、将凡士林和半合成脂肪酸甘油酯混合加热溶解,75-78℃保温,得到油相物;
C、将十二烷基硫酸钠、甘油、蒸馏水和中药膏混合后加热,然后加入冰片和珍珠粉并搅拌均匀,60-65℃保温,得到水相物;
D、将油相物缓慢加入到水相物中,并不停搅拌,冷却至40-45℃,即可。
优选的,所述的步骤C中,所述的珍珠粉和冰片的粒径为250目。
黄柏(huáng bò),中药名。为芸香科植物黄皮树Phellodendron chinenseSchneid.的干燥树皮。主要用于湿热泻痢,黄疸尿赤,带下阴痒,热淋涩痛,脚气痿蹙,骨蒸劳热,盗汗,遗精,疮疡肿毒,湿疹湿疮。盐黄柏滋阴降火。用于阴虚火旺,盗汗骨蒸。
大黄,中药材名。本品为蓼科植物掌叶大黄、唐古特大黄或药用大黄的根茎。9-10月间选择生长3年以上的植株,挖取根茎,切除茎叶、支根,刮去粗皮及顶芽,风干、烘干或切片晒干。功能主治为:泻热毒,破积滞,行瘀血。治实热便秘,谵语发托,食积痞满,痢疾初起,里急后重,瘀停经闭,症瘕积聚,时行热疫,暴眼赤痛,吐血,衄血,阳黄,水肿,淋浊,溲亦,痈疡肿毒,疔疮,汤火伤。泻热通肠,凉血解毒,逐瘀通经。用于实热便秘、积滞腹痛、泻痢不爽、湿热黄疸。
虎杖(学名:Reynoutria japonica Houtt.):蓼科,虎杖属多年生草本植物。根状茎粗壮,茎直立,高可达2米,空心,叶宽卵形或卵状椭圆形,近革质,两面无毛,顶端渐尖,基部宽楔形、截形或近圆形,托叶鞘膜质,圆锥花序,花单性,雌雄异株,腋生;苞片漏斗状,花被淡绿色,瘦果卵形,有光泽黑褐色,8-9月开花,9-10月结果。有活血、散瘀、通经、镇咳等功效。
防风(Saposhnikovia divaricata(Trucz.)Schischk.)多年生草本,根粗壮,细长圆柱形,淡黄棕色。防风以根入药。味辛、甘,性温。有解表发汗、祛风除湿作用,主治风寒感冒、头痛、发热、关节酸痛、破伤风等。
槐花,中药名。为豆科植物槐Sophora japonica L.的干燥花及花蕾。主要用于便血,痔血,血痢,崩漏,吐血,衄血,肝热目赤,头痛眩晕。
当归别名干归、秦哪、西当归、岷当归、金当归、当归身、涵归尾、文无、当归曲、土当归,多年生草本,高0.4-1米。花期6-7月,果期7-9月。其根可入药,是最常用的中药之一。具有补气和血,调经止痛,润燥滑肠、抗癌、抗老防老、免疫之功效。
甘草,中药名。为豆科植物甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.、胀果甘草Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat.或光果甘草Glycyrrhiza glabra L.的干燥根和根茎。分布于东北、华北、陕西、甘肃、青海、新疆、山东等地。具有补脾益气,清热解毒,祛痰止咳,缓急止痛,调和诸药之功效。常用于脾胃虚弱,倦怠乏力,心悸气短,咳嗽痰多,脘腹、四肢挛急疼痛,痈肿疮毒,缓解药物毒性、烈性。
百合,为百合科植物卷丹Lilium lancifolium Thunb.、百合Lilium browniiF.E.Brown var.viridulum Baker或细叶百合Lilium pumilum DC.的干燥肉质鳞叶。具有养阴润肺,清心安神之功效。常用于阴虚燥咳,劳嗽咳血,虚烦惊悸,失眠多梦,精神恍惚。
人工麝香用于热病神昏,中风痰厥,气郁暴厥,中恶昏迷,心腹暴痛,痛肿瘰疬,咽喉肿痛,跌仆伤痛。
手参(拉丁学名:Gymnadenia conopsea(L.)R.Br.)单子叶植物纲,兰科手参属地生草本植物,植株可达60厘米,肉质椭圆形块茎,下部掌状分裂,茎直立,叶片线状披针形、狭长圆形或带形,总状花序,密生的花,花苞片披针形,花瓣直立,花粉团卵球形,粘盘线状披针形。6至7月份从中抽生出穗状花序,开粉红泛白色小花,很美。8至9月长圆形蒴果成熟。主治补肾益精,病后体弱,咳嗽,白带,跌打损伤,淤血肿痛。
降香,中药名。为豆科植物降香檀Dalbergia odorifera T.Chen树干和根的干燥心材。主要用于吐血,衄血,外伤出血,肝郁胁痛,胸痹刺痛,跌扑伤痛,呕吐腹痛。
本发明的有益之处在于:本发明的用于外伤急救止血材料,包括以下步骤:将明胶在40-60℃温度下将其溶解于去离子水,配制成明胶溶液;在明胶溶液中加入三维多孔双交联聚苯胺/石墨烯复合干凝胶,磁力搅拌使干凝胶分散均匀,添加中药成分混合液,然后倒入模具中,常温下静置并排出气泡,然后放入零下40℃-零下25℃的低温下预冻,然后在真空冷冻干燥机中冷冻干燥,得到混合干凝胶,将混合干凝胶从模具中取出,并在上下两面分别覆盖一层医用纱布,紧密贴合后,即为用于外伤急救止血材料。其中,中药成分混合液,由以下重量百分比的成分组成:凡士林2-5%、十二烷基硫酸钠1-3%、半合成脂肪酸甘油酯3-6%、冰片0.1-0.3%、甘油1.8-2.5%、珍珠粉0.5-0.8%、蒸馏水8-12%和中药提取液余量。其中,中药提取液,由以下中药加水提取而成:黄柏、大黄、虎杖、防风、槐花、当归、甘草、百合、人工麝香、手参和降香。该新型材料可以对各种出血情况及时止血,一般止血所需时间低于5分钟。本发明的新型材料中加入三维多孔双交联聚苯胺/石墨烯复合干凝胶后,可以显著提升药效。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种用于外伤急救止血材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将明胶在45℃温度下将其溶解于去离子水,配制成质量浓度为18%的明胶溶液;
(2)在明胶溶液中加入三维多孔双交联聚苯胺/石墨烯复合干凝胶,350pm磁力搅拌22min,使干凝胶分散均匀,得到混合溶液;
(3)在混合溶液中添加中药成分混合液,然后倒入模具中,液层厚度6mm,常温下静置55min并排出气泡,然后放入零下28℃的低温下预冻1.2h,然后在真空冷冻干燥机中冷冻干燥,得到混合干凝胶;
(4)将混合干凝胶从模具中取出,并在上下两面分别覆盖一层4mm医用纱布,紧密贴合后,即为用于外伤急救止血材料。
优选的,所述的步骤(2)中,三维多孔双交联聚苯胺/石墨烯复合干凝胶的添加量为明胶溶液质量的0.18%。
优选的,所述的步骤(3)中,所述的中药成分混合液的添加量为明胶溶液质量的2.5%。
所述的中药成分混合液,由以下重量百分比的成分组成:凡士林3.5%、十二烷基硫酸钠1.8%、半合成脂肪酸甘油酯5.5%、冰片0.25%、甘油1.95%、珍珠粉0.7%、蒸馏水10.5%和中药提取液余量。
所述的中药提取液中,各中药成分的重量份比例如下:黄柏12份、大黄12份、虎杖7份、防风9份、槐花9份、当归15份、甘草18份、百合6份、人工麝香6份、手参15份和降香8份。
所述的中药成分混合液的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A、将黄柏、大黄、虎杖、防风、槐花、当归、甘草、百合、手参和降香加水浸泡并回流提取两次,收集两次水提液,合并过滤;滤液浓缩至相对比重1.08,得到中药膏;
B、将凡士林和半合成脂肪酸甘油酯混合加热溶解,77℃保温,得到油相物;
C、将十二烷基硫酸钠、甘油、蒸馏水和中药膏混合后加热,然后加入冰片和珍珠粉并搅拌均匀,62℃保温,得到水相物;
D、将油相物缓慢加入到水相物中,并不停搅拌,冷却至43℃,即可。
所述的步骤C中,所述的珍珠粉和冰片的粒径为250目。
实施例2
一种用于外伤急救止血材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将明胶在60℃温度下将其溶解于去离子水,配制成质量浓度为15%的明胶溶液;
(2)在明胶溶液中加入三维多孔双交联聚苯胺/石墨烯复合干凝胶,400rpm磁力搅拌20min,使干凝胶分散均匀,得到混合溶液;
(3)在混合溶液中添加中药成分混合液,然后倒入模具中,液层厚度8mm,常温下静置45min并排出气泡,然后放入零下40℃的低温下预冻1h,然后在真空冷冻干燥机中冷冻干燥,得到混合干凝胶;
(4)将混合干凝胶从模具中取出,并在上下两面分别覆盖一层4mm医用纱布,紧密贴合后,即为用于外伤急救止血材料。
优选的,所述的步骤(2)中,三维多孔双交联聚苯胺/石墨烯复合干凝胶的添加量为明胶溶液质量的0.1%。
优选的,所述的步骤(3)中,所述的中药成分混合液的添加量为明胶溶液质量的3.5%。
所述的中药成分混合液,由以下重量百分比的成分组成:凡士林5%、十二烷基硫酸钠1%、半合成脂肪酸甘油酯6%、冰片0.1%、甘油2.5%、珍珠粉0.5%、蒸馏水12%和中药提取液余量。
所述的中药提取液中,各中药成分的重量份比例如下:黄柏15份、大黄8份、虎杖8份、防风6份、槐花12份、当归10份、甘草25份、百合5份、人工麝香8份、手参18份和降香6份。
所述的中药成分混合液的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A、将黄柏、大黄、虎杖、防风、槐花、当归、甘草、百合、手参和降香加水浸泡并回流提取两次,收集两次水提液,合并过滤;滤液浓缩至相对比重1.10,得到中药膏;
B、将凡士林和半合成脂肪酸甘油酯混合加热溶解,75℃保温,得到油相物;
C、将十二烷基硫酸钠、甘油、蒸馏水和中药膏混合后加热,然后加入冰片和珍珠粉并搅拌均匀,65℃保温,得到水相物;
D、将油相物缓慢加入到水相物中,并不停搅拌,冷却至40℃,即可。
所述的步骤C中,所述的珍珠粉和冰片的粒径为250目。
实施例3
一种用于外伤急救止血材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将明胶在40℃温度下将其溶解于去离子水,配制成质量浓度为25%的明胶溶液;
(2)在明胶溶液中加入三维多孔双交联聚苯胺/石墨烯复合干凝胶,300rpm磁力搅拌30min,使干凝胶分散均匀,得到混合溶液;
(3)在混合溶液中添加中药成分混合液,然后倒入模具中,液层厚度5mm,常温下静置60min并排出气泡,然后放入零下25℃的低温下预冻1.5h,然后在真空冷冻干燥机中冷冻干燥,得到混合干凝胶;
(4)将混合干凝胶从模具中取出,并在上下两面分别覆盖一层5mm医用纱布,紧密贴合后,即为用于外伤急救止血材料。
优选的,所述的步骤(2)中,三维多孔双交联聚苯胺/石墨烯复合干凝胶的添加量为明胶溶液质量的0.3%。
优选的,所述的步骤(3)中,所述的中药成分混合液的添加量为明胶溶液质量的1.8%。
所述的中药成分混合液,由以下重量百分比的成分组成:凡士林2%、十二烷基硫酸钠3%、半合成脂肪酸甘油酯3%、冰片0.3%、甘油1.8%、珍珠粉0.8%、蒸馏水8%和中药提取液余量。
所述的中药提取液中,各中药成分的重量份比例如下:黄柏8份、大黄15份、虎杖5份、防风12份、槐花6份、当归18份、甘草15份、百合8份、人工麝香5份、手参10份和降香12份。
所述的中药成分混合液的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A、将黄柏、大黄、虎杖、防风、槐花、当归、甘草、百合、手参和降香加水浸泡并回流提取两次,收集两次水提液,合并过滤;滤液浓缩至相对比重1.05-1.10,得到中药膏;
B、将凡士林和半合成脂肪酸甘油酯混合加热溶解,75-78℃保温,得到油相物;
C、将十二烷基硫酸钠、甘油、蒸馏水和中药膏混合后加热,然后加入冰片和珍珠粉并搅拌均匀,60-65℃保温,得到水相物;
D、将油相物缓慢加入到水相物中,并不停搅拌,冷却至40-45℃,即可。
所述的步骤C中,所述的珍珠粉和冰片的粒径为250目。
对比例1
将中药提取液中的手参去除,其余配比和制备方法与实施例1相同。
对比例2
将中药提取液中的手参替换为杜仲,其余配比和制备方法与实施例1相同。
对比例3
将中药提取液中的降香去除,其余配比和制备方法与实施例1相同。
对比例4
将中药提取液中的降香替换为三七,其余配比和制备方法与实施例1相同。
对比例5
将中药提取液中的手参和降香同时去除,其余配比和制备方法与实施例1相同。
对比例6
将三维多孔双交联聚苯胺/石墨烯复合干凝胶替换为氧化石墨烯,其余配比和制备与实施例1相同。
对比例7
将三维多孔双交联聚苯胺/石墨烯复合干凝胶去除,其余配比和制备与实施例1相同。
测试例
以下对实施例1-3和对比例1-6的新型材料应用于猪股动脉止血,并从3分钟开始每隔1分钟检测创口愈合时间(创口愈合时间只统计20分钟内创口愈合的猪的创口愈合时间,未愈合的猪不统计在内),具体方法如下:每个实施例分别选取50个100±2kg的长白猪(公母比例约为1:1,各实施例之间无明显差异);用薄刀片造成长度为3±0.2cm的股动脉切口;立即使用新型材料贴合创口并进行指压。采用云南白药+厚纱布并进行指压作为对照例;具体检测数据见表1。
表1:应用于猪股动脉,止血效果对比检测数据;
猪总数量 | 创口愈合数 | 创口愈合时间(min) | |
实施例1 | 50 | 50 | 4.5 |
实施例2 | 50 | 50 | 4.7 |
实施例3 | 50 | 50 | 4.4 |
对比例1 | 50 | 45 | 7.1 |
对比例2 | 50 | 46 | 6.5 |
对比例3 | 50 | 48 | 6.2 |
对比例4 | 50 | 50 | 6.1 |
对比例5 | 50 | 41 | 7.9 |
对比例6 | 50 | 37 | 8.7 |
对比例7 | 50 | 34 | 9.1 |
对照例 | 50 | 46 | 10.4 |
备注:创口愈合指不压迫创口情况下,10s内不渗血。
由以上测试数据可以知道,本发明的新型材料,应用于止血,可以显著缩短创口愈合时间。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种用于外伤急救止血材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将明胶在40-60℃温度下将其溶解于去离子水,配制成质量浓度为15-25%的明胶溶液;
(2)在明胶溶液中加入三维多孔双交联聚苯胺/石墨烯复合干凝胶,300-400rpm磁力搅拌20-30min,使干凝胶分散均匀,得到混合溶液;
(3)在混合溶液中添加中药成分混合液,然后倒入模具中,液层厚度5-8mm,常温下静置45-60min并排出气泡,然后放入零下40℃-零下25℃的低温下预冻1-1.5h,然后在真空冷冻干燥机中冷冻干燥,得到混合干凝胶;
(4)将混合干凝胶从模具中取出,并在上下两面分别覆盖一层医用纱布,紧密贴合后,即为用于外伤急救止血材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的用于外伤急救止血材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤(2)中,三维多孔双交联聚苯胺/石墨烯复合干凝胶的添加量为明胶溶液质量的0.1-0.3%。
3.如权利要求1所述的用于外伤急救止血材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤(3)中,所述的中药成分混合液的添加量为明胶溶液质量的1.8-3.5%。
4.如权利要求1所述的用于外伤急救止血材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的中药成分混合液,由以下重量百分比的成分组成:凡士林2-5%、十二烷基硫酸钠1-3%、半合成脂肪酸甘油酯3-6%、冰片0.1-0.3%、甘油1.8-2.5%、珍珠粉0.5-0.8%、蒸馏水8-12%和中药提取液余量。
5.如权利要求4所述的用于外伤急救止血材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的中药提取液,由以下中药加水提取而成:黄柏、大黄、虎杖、防风、槐花、当归、甘草、百合、人工麝香、手参和降香。
6.如权利要求5所述的用于外伤急救止血材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的中药提取液中,各中药成分的重量份比例如下:黄柏5-20份、大黄5-20份、虎杖2-10份、防风3-15份、槐花3-15份、当归8-25份、甘草15-25份、百合2-10份、人工麝香2-10份、手参5-20份和降香3-15份。
7.如权利要求5所述的用于外伤急救止血材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的中药提取液中,各中药成分的重量份比例如下:黄柏8-15份、大黄8-15份、虎杖5-8份、防风6-12份、槐花6-12份、当归10-18份、甘草15-25份、百合5-8份、人工麝香5-8份、手参10-18份和降香6-12份。
8.如权利要求4所述的用于外伤急救止血材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的中药成分混合液的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A、将黄柏、大黄、虎杖、防风、槐花、当归、甘草、百合、手参和降香加水浸泡并回流提取两次,收集两次水提液,合并过滤;滤液浓缩至相对比重1.05-1.10,得到中药膏;
B、将凡士林和半合成脂肪酸甘油酯混合加热溶解,75-78℃保温,得到油相物;
C、将十二烷基硫酸钠、甘油、蒸馏水和中药膏混合后加热,然后加入冰片和珍珠粉并搅拌均匀,60-65℃保温,得到水相物;
D、将油相物缓慢加入到水相物中,并不停搅拌,冷却至40-45℃,即可。
9.如权利要求8所述的用于外伤急救止血材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤C中,所述的珍珠粉和冰片的粒径为250目。
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