CN113616758A - 一种药物外敷治疗儿童功能性便秘的中医药适宜技术 - Google Patents
一种药物外敷治疗儿童功能性便秘的中医药适宜技术 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种外敷药物治疗儿童功能性便秘的中医药适宜技术,该中医药适宜技术外敷药物由丁香、木香、苍术、苏合香、茉莉、豆蔻、川芎、大黄、黄连、黄芩药材组成,本发明一种外敷药物治疗儿童功能性便秘的中医药适宜技术,根据便秘病因病机和幼儿生理特点,科学遴选中药,制成外敷中药膏剂,采用药物外用贴敷患儿脐部神阙穴方法治疗,诸药佐使配伍,厚脾胃、补肾阳、祛表湿、通肺气、消肝火、利大肠,扶正祛毒、败火生津,改善大肠传导,达到邪去病愈、治疗便秘的疗效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种外敷药物治疗儿童功能性便秘的中医药适宜技术。
背景技术
便秘是由多种病因引起的,临床主要表现以大便干硬,排便次数少、排出困难,甚至需借助手法排便的一类疾病。西医将其分为功能性便秘与器质性便秘。近年由于儿童膳食结构改变,摄取高能量,低残渣食物过度等因素,儿童功能性便秘发生率逐年升高,目前已经占儿科门诊病人的 3~5%。小儿便秘多以功能性改变为主,严重者可诱发痔疮、肛裂便血、或直肠脱出等,使患儿产生排便恐惧,从而抗拒排便,加重便秘,形成恶性循环。长期便秘,容易导致腹胀腹痛,食欲下降,肛裂便血,烦躁失眠,肥胖、记忆力下降及继发其他系统疾病,影响儿童正常的生长发育和身体健康。
“功能性便秘”属中医“便秘”范畴,《阴阳十一脉灸经》中称便秘为“水与闭同则死”,《内经》中称其为“后不利、大便难”,《伤寒杂病论》中称其为“阴结、阳结”,《诸病源候论》中称其为“秘难、秘,涩”。“便秘”一名首见于《杂病源流犀烛》,直到近代便秘病名逐渐应用渐趋统一。中医历代医家对便秘进行了长久的临床探索,具有完善的疾病诊疗理论体系,《素问》云:“热气留于小肠,……则坚干不得出,故痛而闭不通矣。”认为其病因病机为多由于内外热邪积聚小肠,伤津耗气,热燥屎坚不出,兼腑气不通而作痛。张仲景的《伤寒论》中论其为“脾约”,认为宿食生郁热或胃火炽盛,胃阴耗伤,进而脾不能输布,功能受到约制,导致肠腑津亏,大便秘结而难解。
本发明一种药物外敷治疗儿童功能性便秘的中医药适宜技术,综合历代医家文献,总结得出小儿功能性便秘的主要病位在大肠,同时又受肺、脾、胃、肝和肾的影响,病机关键为大肠传导失常,大肠主要作用为吸收津液,传导糟粕,食物经脾胃的腐熟运化,产生水谷精微,精液由胃肠吸收,借助脾布散全身,糟粕浊气下降,形成粪便排泄。脾为气机运动之枢纽,肺具宣发肃降之功,肝居疏泄之职,共同维持着全身气机,若气机失调,可妨碍大肠通降而致便秘。肾为元阴元阳,主司二便,肾阳不足则脾胃失元阳温煦,或肾阴不足则脾胃阴亦匮乏,进而可演变或加重便秘。本发明根据小儿易虚易实、易寒易热的机体特点,以及儿童脏腑娇嫩、形气未充、易为药物所伤的生理特性,科学选择中药组方,制成外敷药物治疗儿童功能性便秘。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种药物外敷治疗儿童功能性便秘的中医药适宜技术。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明制成该外敷药物的原料组成及其重量配比为:
丁香3~10份、木香6~14份、苍术8~16份、苏合香1~4份、茉莉6~15份、豆蔻8~16份、川芎10~18份、大黄8~16份、黄连6~14份、黄芩8~18份。
为了实现发明目的,本发明一种药物外敷治疗儿童功能性便秘的中医药适宜技术的外敷药物优选组方及其重量配比为:
丁香6份、木香10份、苍术12份、苏合香2份、茉莉10份、豆蔻12份、川芎15份、大黄12份、黄连10份、黄芩12份。
本发明外敷药物由丁香、木香、苍术、苏合香、茉莉、豆蔻、川芎、大黄、黄连、黄芩组成,各味药来源及药性为:
丁香为桃金娘科植物丁香的干燥花蕾;性味辛,温;归经归脾、胃、肺、肾经;功能主治温中降逆,补肾助阳。
木香为菊科植物木香的干燥根;性味辛、苦,温;归经归脾、胃、大肠、三焦、胆经;功能主治行气止痛,健脾消食。
苍术为菊科植物茅苍术或北苍术的干燥根茎;性味辛、苦,温;归经归脾、胃、肝经;功能主治燥湿健脾,祛风散寒。
苏合香为金缕梅科枫香属植物苏合香树的树干渗出的香树脂,经加工精制而成;性味辛,温;归经归心、脾经;功能主治开窍,辟秽,止痛。
茉莉为木犀科茉莉花属植物茉莉的花,夏秋采花,晒干;性味辛、甘,凉;功能主治解表,利湿。
豆蔻为姜科植物白豆蔻或爪哇白豆蔻的干燥成熟果实;性味辛,温;归经归肺、脾、胃经;功能主治化湿消痞,行气温中,开胃消食。
川芎为伞形科植物川芎的干燥根茎;性味辛,温;归经归肝、胆、心包经;功能主治活血行气,祛风止痛。
大黄为蓼科植物掌叶大黄、古特大黄或药用大黄的干燥根及根茎;性味苦,寒;归经归脾、胃、大肠、肝、心包经;功能主治泻热通肠,凉血解毒,逐瘀通经。
黄连为毛茛科植物黄连、三角叶黄连或云连的干燥根茎;性味苦,寒;归经归心、脾、胃、肝、胆、大肠经;功能主治清热燥湿,泻火解毒。
黄芩为唇形科植物黄芩的干燥根;性味苦,寒;归经归肺、胆、脾、大肠、小肠经;功能主治清热燥湿,泻火解毒。
本发明一种药物外敷治疗儿童功能性便秘的中医药适宜技术,综合历代医家学说,按照小儿功能性便秘的主要病位在大肠,同时又受肺、脾、胃、肝和肾的影响,病机关键为大肠传导失常的病因病机,本发明科学遴选中药,诸药佐使配伍,厚脾胃、补肾阳、祛表湿、通肺气、消肝火、利大肠,扶正祛毒、败火生津,改善大肠传导,去除便秘。
本发明根据便秘病因病机和幼儿生理特点,制成外用中药膏剂,采用药物外用贴敷方法治疗,外治法是传统的中医治疗方法,在历代中医典籍例如《黄帝内经》、《千金翼方》、《备急千金要方》、《本草纲目》等都有外治法记录,药物外敷作用于皮肤黏膜,达到扶正驱邪、治疗疾病作用,具有作用直接,使用简便,直达病所特点。尤其适合儿童疾病治疗使用。
本发明用法:常规清洁消毒便秘儿童脐部及周围皮肤,取外敷药物5g,外敷患儿脐部(神阙穴),以肚脐为圆心,敷药直径约6cm,表面覆以清洁纱布固定。每剂药物外敷12h,每d 1剂。
发明实施方式
实施例1:
本发明外敷药物,按以下药物配比用量准备药物原料:丁香6kg、木香10kg、苍术12kg、苏合香2kg、茉莉10kg、豆蔻12kg、川芎15kg、大黄12kg、黄连10kg、黄芩12kg。
本发明外敷药物制备如下:取上述处方量药材清洗干净,晾干,制粗粉,过2号药筛,60℃低温干燥,制细粉,过7号药筛,得药材极细粉。
上述处方量药材极细粉,加入适量蜂蜜、甘油、75%医用乙醇,混合,搅拌均匀,得细腻的棕褐色膏剂,有特异香气。即制备成为本发明外敷药物。避光密闭存储
上述中药膏剂,质量符合《中华人民共和国药典(2020版)》第一部制剂通则项下规定。
实施例2:
本发明外敷药物,按以下药物配比用量准备药物原料:丁香6kg、木香10kg、苍术12kg、苏合香2kg、茉莉10kg、豆蔻12kg、川芎15kg、大黄12kg、黄连10kg、黄芩12kg。
本发明外敷药物制备如下:取上述处方量药材清洗干净,置中药提取器中,加入适量纯净水,加热煎煮药材,70℃减压回流提取药物成分,提取3 h分离药液,过滤,得药物提取液;取药物提取液置减压浓缩器内,得细腻的棕褐色膏剂,有特异香气。即制备成为本发明外敷药物。避光密闭存储。
上述中药膏剂,质量符合《中华人民共和国药典(2020版)》第一部制剂通则项下规定。
本发明一种药物外敷治疗儿童功能性便秘的中医药适宜技术,外敷药物的制备,不限于上述实施例1、实施例2的制备方法。
以下通过临床实施例来阐明本发明一种外敷药物治疗儿童功能性便秘的中医药适宜技术的临床疗效。
临床实施例:
1.临床观察研究方法
1.1儿童功能性便秘患者纳入标准 诊断标准参照罗马Ⅲ、罗马Ⅳ(RomeⅢ、RomeⅣ)等标准制定。①每周排便2 次或不到2 次;②腹部触诊肠管内有粪便潴留;③有排便疼痛或排便困难史;④直肠内有巨大粪块。患儿年龄段3~7y,至少符合上述2 条标准,病程持续时间不低于30d。
临床研究经过医院伦理委员会批准,患者法定监护人知情同意并签署知情同意书。
1.2儿童功能性便秘患者资料 儿童便秘患者176例,采用随机数字表法分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组94例,男51例,女43例,年龄(4.7±1.8y,3~7y),病程40~150d。对照组82例,男42例,女40例,年龄(4.5±1.7y,3~7y),病程40~155d。两组一般临床资料分布情况一致,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
1.3儿童功能性便秘治疗方案及药物 治疗组使用本发明实施例1制成的外敷药物膏剂。常规清洁消毒患儿脐部及周围皮肤,取药物膏剂5g,外敷患儿脐部(神阙穴),以肚脐为圆心,敷药直径约6cm,表面覆以清洁纱布固定。每剂药物外敷12h,每d 1剂。
对照组使用阳性对照药物乳果糖口服溶液。患儿口服乳果糖口服溶液(每1ml含乳果糖0.667g,北京韩美药品有限公司生产),每次5~10 ml,每d 1次,于早餐时服用。
两组患儿首次治疗时全部使用开塞露通便,使患儿积便排出。治疗组和对照组均进行饮食干预,督促患儿足量饮水、合理饮食、增加粗纤维食物摄入,训练患儿排便习惯,增加运动量。两组均以5 d 为 1疗程,每疗程结束停药2 d,连续使用3个疗程,治疗期间不联用其他药物。治疗结束后追踪随访30d。
1.4儿童功能性便秘疗效评价标准 按三级标准判定疗效。显效病例+有效病例合计统计为治疗有效病例。治愈率、显效率之和为总有效率。①显效: 便秘症状、排便困难、排便疼痛消失,大便正常性状,每周排便次数超过5次;②有效: 便秘症状、排便困难、排便疼痛消失或显著减轻,大便正常性状,每周排便次数超过3 次;③无效: 便秘症状、排便困难、排便疼痛改善不明显,大便干结,每周排便次数少于3 次。
1.5统计学分析 计量资料均数比较采用t检验,计数资料率的比较采用χ2检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2. 结果
2.1儿童功能性便秘患者疗效评价 3个疗程结束后,治疗组总有效率为83.5%,对照组总有效率为85.0%。两组总有效率比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗组、对照组药物均有改善儿童便秘症状作用,本发明实施例1制成的外敷药物膏剂临床疗效与阳性对照药物相当。
2.2自主排便时间 治疗3个疗程,两组儿童功能性便秘患者治疗后胃肠功能改善,治疗组自主排便时间 1.8±0.4 d,对照组自主排便时间 3.4±0.7 d,本发明实施例1制成的外敷药物膏剂治疗便秘改善情况优于对照组,有统计学意义 (P<0.05)。
2.3 追踪随访情况 治疗结束后追踪随访治疗有效患儿30d。治疗组患儿便秘复发率6例,对照组患儿便秘复发率11例,复发率分别为7.9%、24.4%,两组复发率比较有统计学意义,治疗组低于对照组(P<0.05)。
2.4 治疗安全性评价 使用本发明实施例1制成的外敷药物膏剂治疗组患儿4例出现局部轻度瘙痒反应,给予抗过敏软膏外敷后症状消失,未影响治疗。使用乳果糖口服溶液对照组患儿4例出现腹涨、排气增多,未进行处置,未影响治疗。
本发明一种外敷药物治疗儿童功能性便秘的中医药适宜技术,采用科学中药组方和传统的中医外治法,临床治疗实施例表明,本发明一种外敷药物治疗儿童功能性便秘的中医药适宜技术疗效显著且使用方便,增加对儿童功能性便秘的临床治疗手段,具有一定的社会效益、经济效益。
Claims (2)
1.一种外敷药物治疗儿童功能性便秘的中医药适宜技术,其特征在于制成该外敷药物的原料组成及其重量配比为:丁香3~10份、木香6~14份、苍术8~16份、苏合香1~4份、茉莉6~15份、豆蔻8~16份、川芎10~18份、大黄8~16份、黄连6~14份、黄芩8~18份。
2.权利要求1所述的一种外敷药物治疗儿童功能性便秘的中医药适宜技术,在用于制备用于治疗儿童功能性便秘的外敷药物中的应用。
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