CN113616266A - 一种可吸收封堵器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种可吸收封堵器，包括阻流膜和骨架，其特征在于，所述阻流膜采用经过辐照处理的可降解材料，所述骨架采用可降解纤维编织而成。本发明的可吸收封堵器可经过环氧乙烷灭菌后依然保持初始形状，并更快的引导心脏组织再生，此外，本发明中封堵器各部分具有不同的降解速度，从而更与心脏不同部位的组织再生能力匹配。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种可用于封堵心脏内或血管内缺损的可吸收封堵器，属于心血管医疗器械技术领域。
背景技术
常见的先天性心脏病包括房间隔缺损(ASD)，室间隔缺损(VSD)，动脉导管未闭(PDA)。封堵器可以通过微创介入的方式植入心脏全损部位，该方法由于创伤轻微、手术安全、近中期疗效确切，是先天性心脏病患者的首选治疗方案。
目前临床使用的封堵器均为不可降解金属，其残留会导致瓣膜损伤、房室传导阻滞等并发症发生，其影响贯穿患者一生。可降解封堵器植入后可诱导心脏组织再生，心脏修复后完全消失，不会对儿童患者的后续生活造成不利影响，是治疗先心病的理想选择。
可吸收聚合物封堵器作为新一代的封堵器，其主要包括由可降解聚合物制成编织网和缝制在其上的阻流膜构成，其材料多选自多孔状聚乳酸材料。其中PLGA和低分子量PDLLA降解速度较为适中，然而由于其玻璃化温度较低，分子链段容易发生移动，在经过在EO灭菌过程或者植入后分子链在残留应力作用下容易发生移动，造成尺寸收缩，从而导致缝合处破损或者阻流膜移位，植入后无法完全封堵破损部位。PLLA或者高分子量PDLA则降解较慢，往往需要1-3年时间才能在体内完全降解，不利于组织再生，增加并发症风险。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是：如何同时解决降解速度和尺寸收缩的问题。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种可吸收封堵器，包括阻流膜和骨架，其特征在于，所述阻流膜采用经过辐照处理的可降解材料，所述骨架采用可降解纤维编织而成。
优选地，所述的可降解材料为多孔状结构。
优选地，所述的可降解材料为左旋聚乳酸，其玻璃化温度大于50℃，数均分子量为100,000-500,000道尔顿。
优选地，所述可降解材料经过电子束、γ射线或χ射线辐照处理，辐照剂量为10-500kGay。
更优选地，所述可降解材料的辐照剂量均匀分布或不均匀分布。
进一步地，所述可降解材料为圆形片材，其中心的辐照剂量最小，圆周外缘的辐照剂量最大。
进一步地，所述辐照剂量不均匀分布时，其调控方法为：在所述可降解材料表面按照设计需要覆盖一层对应厚度不均匀的射线阻隔材料，然后进行同一剂量的辐照处理。
更进一步地，所述的射线阻隔材料为铝、铁、铜和铅金属中的任意一种或几种。
优选地，所述骨架与阻流膜缝制连接。
优选地，所述可降解纤维的材质为聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸、聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物、聚羟基脂肪酸脂、聚对二氧环己酮、聚己内酯、聚酰胺、聚酸酐、聚磷酸酯、聚氨酯和聚碳酸酯中的至少一种。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于：
1、现有可降解封堵器在植入后接触血液环境后，逐渐发生降解从而失去力学性能，存在碎片脱落的风险，因而需要尽快引导心脏组织再生，将封堵器包裹，从而减少并发症发生风险。本发明的技术方案通过将阻流膜使用辐照处理，从而改变其化学键合结构，使更多的活性基团暴露，更快实现心脏组织原位再生。
2、现有外消旋聚乳酸(PDLLA)和聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)阻流膜相对于左旋聚乳酸(PLLA)降解时间较短，可以降低封堵器在心脏部位的残留时间，减小病人风险，但是由于其玻璃化温度降低，分子量更容易移动，经过环氧乙烷(EO)灭菌后尺寸会收缩，并且变硬变脆，力学性能发生较大变化，不适合作为阻流膜材料。PLLA结晶度较高，对EO灭菌具有更好的耐受性，但是降解速度较慢，完全吸收需要2-3年时间，在体内长期存在会引发慢性炎症反应，很大程度限制了其进一步应用。低分子量PLLA降解速度较快，但是其电纺丝性能较差，使用其制备多孔阻流膜存在一定困难。为了解决以上问题，本发明的技术方案可以同时克服现有聚乳酸可降解材料解速度过慢和不耐受EO灭菌的问题。
3、对于尺寸较大的封堵器，其阻流膜中心部位不容易被新生组织覆盖，而边缘部位则更快被组织覆盖。因此如果整个阻流膜的降解速度完全一致，则中心部位则可能在组织覆盖以前发生降解，失去力学性能，有较高的并发症风险。因此本发明的技术方案通过对阻流膜的中心部位到边缘部位施加梯度剂量的辐照处理，使中心部位降解速度到边缘部位降解速度逐渐加快，使其降解速度与组织再生速度在空间和时间上同时匹配。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中辐照组和对照组植入动物心脏缺损部位1个月后的新生组织厚度；
图2为实施例2中辐照组和对照组体外降解数据；
图3为实施例4中圆形铁片的主视图；
图4为图3的俯视图；
图5为实施例4中取材位置的示意图；
图6为阻流膜不同部位的重均分子量。
具体实施方式
为使本发明更明显易懂，兹以优选实施例，并配合附图作详细说明如下。
实施例1
将左旋聚乳酸PLLA(初始重均分子量＝15万)通过电纺丝制备成多孔阻流膜材料，辐照处理组使用Co-60放射源辐照阻流膜，辐照剂量为20kGy，对照组不进行处理，然后缝制在聚对二氧环己酮丝编织的骨架上，制备成相同规格的心脏封堵器，EO灭菌。选取比格犬进行室间隔缺损动物模型的制备，使用规格型号为10F输送装置植入封堵器1个月后取出封堵器及其周围组织，测量封堵器表面新生组织厚度。实验结果显示(图1)，辐照处理组封堵器表面的新生组织厚度明显高于对照组封堵器。
实施例2
将实施例1中的辐照组和对照组阻流膜裁剪成同样面积的样品，放入PBS溶液中，37度加热，每间隔一定时间后取出样品，冷冻干燥，使用凝胶渗透色谱，测试分子量。实验结果显示(图2)，辐照组在所有测试时间点分子量均小于对照组，表明辐照处理可以促进PLLA阻流膜的降解。
实施例3
使用外消旋聚乳酸PDLLA(重均分子量＝15万)和聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物PLGA(乳酸和羟基乙酸的摩尔比为80：20，重均分子量＝15万)通过电纺丝制备阻流膜，其获得阻流膜分别命名为样品1和样品2，将实施例1中的辐照处理组命名为样品3，均切成直径30mm的圆形片材，以上三种样品均使用以下条件进行EO灭菌，灭菌温度为37摄氏度，湿度为60-80％，灭菌时间为8小时，灭菌完成后测试直径变化率，其结果如表1所示，表明辐照处理的PLLA阻流膜经过EO灭菌后直径基本无变化。
表1
| 样品名称 | 直径变化率 |
| 样品1 | -23％ |
| 样品2 | -31％ |
| 样品3 | -1.3％ |
实施例4
将左旋聚乳酸PLLA(初始重均分子量＝15万)通过电纺丝制备成多孔阻流膜材料，然后裁剪成直径30mm的圆形片材，上面盖上同样大小的圆形铁片，铁片阻流膜接触的一面为平面，另外一面圆心高，边缘低，其中圆心厚度为2.6cm，边缘厚度为0.1cm，从圆心至边缘处铁片厚度逐渐变薄(如图3、4所示)，将上述盖有铁片的阻流膜使用Co-60辐照，辐照射线方向与铁片和阻流膜圆周平面垂直，辐照剂量为50rgy。辐照完成后将上述材料分别在图5所示位置取材，使用凝胶渗透色谱测试分子量，试验结果(图6)显示圆心部位分子量最高，沿半径方向分子量其次，边缘部位分子量最低。
Claims (10)
1.一种可吸收封堵器，包括阻流膜和骨架，其特征在于，所述阻流膜采用经过辐照处理的可降解材料，所述骨架采用可降解纤维编织而成。
2.如权利要求1所述的可吸收封堵器，其特征在于，所述的可降解材料为多孔状结构。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的可吸收封堵器，其特征在于，所述的可降解材料为左旋聚乳酸，其玻璃化温度大于50℃，数均分子量为100,000-500,000道尔顿。
4.如权利要求1所述的可吸收封堵器，其特征在于，所述可降解材料经过电子束、γ射线或χ射线辐照处理，辐照剂量为10-500kGay。
5.如权利要求4所述的可吸收封堵器，其特征在于，所述可降解材料的辐照剂量均匀分布或不均匀分布。
6.如权利要求4或5所述的可吸收封堵器，其特征在于，所述可降解材料为圆形片材，其中心的辐照剂量最小，圆周外缘的辐照剂量最大。
7.如权利要求4或5所述的可吸收封堵器，其特征在于，所述辐照剂量不均匀分布时，其调控方法为：在所述可降解材料表面按照设计需要覆盖一层对应厚度不均匀的射线阻隔材料，然后进行同一剂量的辐照处理。
8.如权利要求7所述的可吸收封堵器，其特征在于，所述的射线阻隔材料为铝、铁、铜和铅金属中的任意一种或几种。
9.如权利要求1所述的可吸收封堵器，其特征在于，所述骨架与阻流膜缝制连接。
10.如权利要求1所述的可吸收封堵器，其特征在于，所述可降解纤维的材质为聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸、聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物、聚羟基脂肪酸脂、聚对二氧环己酮、聚己内酯、聚酰胺、聚酸酐、聚磷酸酯、聚氨酯和聚碳酸酯中的至少一种。
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| CN109464168A (zh) * | 2018-12-17 | 2019-03-15 | 先健科技(深圳)有限公司 | 封堵器 |
| CN112773417A (zh) * | 2019-11-05 | 2021-05-11 | 先健科技(深圳)有限公司 | 封堵器 |
| CN213316787U (zh) * | 2020-09-09 | 2021-06-01 | 常州鼎恩生物降解材料有限公司 | 一种辅助左旋聚乳酸材料降解的装置 |
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| CA2598048A1 (en) * | 2006-11-20 | 2008-05-20 | Stout Medical Group, L.P. | Mechanical tissue device and method |
| WO2012156415A1 (en) * | 2011-05-17 | 2012-11-22 | Carag Ag | Occluder |
| CN205339016U (zh) * | 2015-12-08 | 2016-06-29 | 上海形状记忆合金材料有限公司 | 用于治疗房间隔缺损封堵器 |
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